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Salimi M, Channab BE, El Idrissi A, Zahouily M, Motamedi E. A comprehensive review on starch: Structure, modification, and applications in slow/controlled-release fertilizers in agriculture. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121326. [PMID: 37839830 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly examines starch's structure, modifications, and applications in slow/controlled-release fertilizers (SRFs) for agricultural purposes. The review begins by exploring starch's unique structure and properties, providing insights into its molecular arrangement and physicochemical characteristics. Various methods of modifying starch, including physical, chemical, and enzymatic techniques, are discussed, highlighting their ability to impart desirable properties such as controlled release and improved stability. The review then focuses on the applications of starch in the development of SRFs. It emphasizes the role of starch-based hydrogels as effective nutrient carriers, enabling their sustained release to plants over extended periods. Additionally, incorporating starch-based hydrogel nano-composites are explored, highlighting their potential in optimizing nutrient release profiles and promoting plant growth. Furthermore, the review highlights the benefits of starch-based fertilizers in enhancing plant growth and crop yield while minimizing nutrient losses. It presents case studies and field trials demonstrating starch-based formulations' efficacy in promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Overall, this review consolidates current knowledge on starch, its modifications, and its applications in SRFs, providing valuable insights into the potential of starch-based formulations to improve nutrient management, boost crop productivity, and support sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Salimi
- Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Badr-Eddine Channab
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Natural Resources Valorization, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca, B.P. 146, Morocco
| | - Ayoub El Idrissi
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Natural Resources Valorization, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca, B.P. 146, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Natural Resources Valorization, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca, B.P. 146, Morocco; Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat, Morocco; Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Elaheh Motamedi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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Jariwala H, Santos RM, Lauzon JD, Dutta A, Wai Chiang Y. Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) for climate-smart agriculture practices: a comprehensive review on release mechanism, materials, methods of preparation, and effect on environmental parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:53967-53995. [PMID: 35624378 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizers play an essential role in increasing crop yield, maintaining soil fertility, and provide a steady supply of nutrients for plant requirements. The excessive use of conventional fertilizers can cause environmental problems associated with nutrient loss through volatilization in the atmosphere, leaching to groundwater, surface run-off, and denitrification. To mitigate environmental issues and improve the longevity of fertilizer in soil, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have been developed. The application of CRFs can reduce the loss of nutrients, provide higher nutrient use efficiency, and improve soil health simultaneously to achieve the goals of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices. The major findings of this review paper are (1) CRFs can prevent direct exposure of fertilizer granule to soil and prevent loss of nutrients such as nitrate and nitrous oxide emissions; (2) CRFs are less affected by the change in environmental parameters, and that can increase longevity in soil compared to conventional fertilizers; and (3) CRFs can maintain required soil nitrogen levels, increase water retention, reduce GHG emissions, lead to optimum pH for plant growth, and increase soil organic matter content. This paper could give good insights into the ongoing development and future perspectives of CRFs for CSA practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Jariwala
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rafael M Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John D Lauzon
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Animesh Dutta
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yi Wai Chiang
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Thakur S, Chaudhary J, Singh P, Alsanie WF, Grammatikos SA, Thakur VK. Synthesis of Bio-based monomers and polymers using microbes for a sustainable bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126156. [PMID: 34695587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a result of environmental concerns and the depletion of biomass assets, eco-friendly, renewable biomass-based chemical extraction has recently received significant attention. Bio-based chemicals can be prepared using different renewable feedstockbio-resources through microbial fermentation. Chemicals produced from renewable feedstockscan reduce ecological consequences from improper disposal and repurpose them into valuable products. Biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity, particularly in biomedical applications, have inspired researchers towards developing novel technologies that have social benefit. Among semi-synthetic and synthetic polymeric materials, utilization of natural bio-based monomeric materials can provide opportunities for sustainable development of novel non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible products. The purpose of this work is to give a summary of research into the generation of natural bio-based succinic acid (SA) monomer, the development of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as biodegradable polymer, PBS-based nanocomposites and their innovative uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Chaudhary
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sotirios A Grammatikos
- ASEMlab - Advanced and Sustainable Engineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik 2815, Norway
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India.
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Amaraweera SM, Gunathilake C, Gunawardene OHP, Fernando NML, Wanninayaka DB, Dassanayake RS, Rajapaksha SM, Manamperi A, Fernando CAN, Kulatunga AK, Manipura A. Development of Starch-Based Materials Using Current Modification Techniques and Their Applications: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:6880. [PMID: 34833972 PMCID: PMC8625705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is one of the most common biodegradable polymers found in nature, and it is widely utilized in the food and beverage, bioplastic industry, paper industry, textile, and biofuel industries. Starch has received significant attention due to its environmental benignity, easy fabrication, relative abundance, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. However, native starch cannot be directly used due to its poor thermo-mechanical properties and higher water absorptivity. Therefore, native starch needs to be modified before its use. Major starch modification techniques include genetic, enzymatic, physical, and chemical. Among those, chemical modification techniques are widely employed in industries. This review presents comprehensive coverage of chemical starch modification techniques and genetic, enzymatic, and physical methods developed over the past few years. In addition, the current applications of chemically modified starch in the fields of packaging, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, superabsorbent and wastewater treatment have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha M. Amaraweera
- Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (S.M.A.); (N.M.L.F.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Chamila Gunathilake
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (O.H.P.G.); (D.B.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Material & Nanoscience Technology, Faculty of Technology, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya 60200, Sri Lanka;
| | - Oneesha H. P. Gunawardene
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (O.H.P.G.); (D.B.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Nimasha M. L. Fernando
- Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (S.M.A.); (N.M.L.F.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Drashana B. Wanninayaka
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (O.H.P.G.); (D.B.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Rohan S. Dassanayake
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Homagama 10200, Sri Lanka
| | - Suranga M. Rajapaksha
- Department of Materials and Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Homagama 10200, Sri Lanka;
| | - Asanga Manamperi
- Materials Engineering Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| | - Chakrawarthige A. N. Fernando
- Department of Material & Nanoscience Technology, Faculty of Technology, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya 60200, Sri Lanka;
| | - Asela K. Kulatunga
- Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (S.M.A.); (N.M.L.F.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Aruna Manipura
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (O.H.P.G.); (D.B.W.); (A.M.)
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Shen Y, Zhou J, Du C, Zhou Z. Hydrophobic modification of waterborne polymer slows urea release and improves nitrogen use efficiency in rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148612. [PMID: 34198088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) with long release longevity have been actively sought to match the nutrient demands of crops over the entire growing period. Waterborne polymer is an environmental friendliness coating for CRFs because it neither uses organic solvent nor influences soil property. However, its low hydrophobicity leads to a short controlled-release longevity of CRFs coated with waterborne polymer. To overcome this drawback, a hydrophobic coating was fabricated using silica-modified fluorinated lauryl-methacrylate-containing polyacrylate (SFLPA). After hydrophobic modification, both a slower water influx rate and a larger modulus induced a reduced swelling rate and an extended controlled-release longevity consequently from 42 days to 108 days. Furthermore, a pot trial demonstrated that a single application of SFLPA-coated CRFs significantly boosted grain yield (by 13.36%), nitrogen uptake (by 17.44%) and nitrogen use efficiency (by 24.29%) compared to a three-split application of urea in rice production. The study demonstrated substantial potential of silica/fluorinated waterborne polymer for improving the effectiveness of CRFs in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 N. East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 N. East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 N. East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
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Kontaxis LC, Kozaniti FK, Papanicolaou GC. Mechanical Behavior Modelling and Filler Geometry Effect of Glass Filler Reinforced Starch-Epoxy Hybrid Matrix Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216587. [PMID: 34772113 PMCID: PMC8585403 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the inclusion geometry and concentration effect on the quasi-static properties of a starch-epoxy hybrid matrix composite. The composites investigated consisted of a starch-epoxy hybrid matrix reinforced with four different glass inclusions such as 3 mm long chopped strands, 0.2 mm long short glass fibers, glass beads (120 μm in diameter) and glass bubbles (65 μm in diameter) at different concentrations. The flexural modulus and the strength of all materials tested were determined using three-point bending tests. The Property Prediction Model (PPM) was applied to predict the experimental findings. The model predicted remarkably well the mechanical behavior of all the materials manufactured and tested. The maximum value of the flexural modulus in the case of the 3 mm long chopped strands was found to be 75% greater than the modulus of the hybrid matrix. Furthermore, adding glass beads in the hybrid matrix led to a simultaneous increase in both the flexural modulus and the strength.
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Eghbali Babadi F, Yunus R, Masoudi Soltani S, Shotipruk A. Release Mechanisms and Kinetic Models of Gypsum-Sulfur-Zeolite-Coated Urea Sealed with Microcrystalline Wax for Regulated Dissolution. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11144-11154. [PMID: 34056270 PMCID: PMC8153936 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a mineral-based coated urea was fabricated in a rotary pan coater using a mixture of gypsum/sulfur/zeolite (G25S25Z50) as an effective and low-cost coating material. The effects of different coating compositions on the dissolution rate of urea and the crushing strength and morphology of the coated urea were investigated. A 25:25:50 (wt %) mixture of gypsum/sulfur/zeolite (G25S25Z50) increased the coating effectiveness to 34.1% with the highest crushing strength (31.06 N). The effectiveness of coated urea was further improved to 46.6% with the addition of a microcrystalline wax (3%) as a sealant. Furthermore, the release mechanisms of various urea fertilizers were determined by fitting the release profiles with six mathematical models, namely, the zeroth-order, first-order, second-order, Higuchi, Ritger & Peppas, and Kopcha models. The results showed that the release mechanism of the uncoated urea and all other coated urea followed the Ritger & Peppas model, suggesting the diffusional release from nonswellable delivery systems. In addition, due to the increased mass-transfer resistance, the kinetic constant was decreased from 0.2233 for uncoated urea to 0.1338 for G25S25Z50-coated urea and was further decreased to 0.0985 when 3% Witcovar 146 sealant was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Eghbali Babadi
- Bio-Circular-Green-Economy
Technology & Engineering Center, BCGeTEC, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn
University, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Robiah Yunus
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Salman Masoudi Soltani
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Brunel University
London, UB8 3PH Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Artiwan Shotipruk
- Bio-Circular-Green-Economy
Technology & Engineering Center, BCGeTEC, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn
University, Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Esposito MC, Corsi I, Russo GL, Punta C, Tosti E, Gallo A. The Era of Nanomaterials: A Safe Solution or a Risk for Marine Environmental Pollution? Biomolecules 2021; 11:441. [PMID: 33809769 PMCID: PMC8002239 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in environmental remediation gained increasing attention. Due to their large surface area and high reactivity, ENMs offer the potential for the efficient removal of pollutants from environmental matrices with better performances compared to conventional techniques. However, their fate and safety upon environmental application, which can be associated with their release into the environment, are largely unknown. It is essential to develop systems that can predict ENM interactions with biological systems, their overall environmental and human health impact. Until now, Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools have been employed to investigate ENMs potential environmental impact, from raw material production, design and to their final disposal. However, LCA studies focused on the environmental impact of the production phase lacking information on their environmental impact deriving from in situ employment. A recently developed eco-design framework aimed to fill this knowledge gap by using ecotoxicological tools that allow the assessment of potential hazards posed by ENMs to natural ecosystems and wildlife. In the present review, we illustrate the development of the eco-design framework and review the application of ecotoxicology as a valuable strategy to develop ecosafe ENMs for environmental remediation. Furthermore, we critically describe the currently available ENMs for marine environment remediation and discuss their pros and cons in safe environmental applications together with the need to balance benefits and risks promoting an environmentally safe nanoremediation (ecosafe) for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Esposito
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.E.); (G.L.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.E.); (G.L.R.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano and INSTM Local Unit, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.E.); (G.L.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.E.); (G.L.R.); (E.T.)
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