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Shaik MR, Aldhuwayhi FN, Al-Mohaimeed AM, Hatshan MR, Kuniyil M, Adil SF, Khan M. Morphology Controlled Deposition of Vanadium Oxide (VO x) Nanoparticles on the Surface of Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Hazardous Organic Dyes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6340. [PMID: 37763616 PMCID: PMC10532889 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting nanomaterials based heterogeneous photocatalysis represent a low-cost, versatile technique for environmental remediation, including pollution mitigation, energy management and other environmental aspects. Herein, we demonstrate the syntheses of various heterogeneous photocatalysts based on highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) and vanadium oxide (VOx)-based nanocomposites (HRG-VOx). Different shapes (rod, sheet and urchin forms) of VOx nanoparticles were successfully fabricated on the surface of HRG under solvo-/hydrothermal conditions by varying the amount of water and ethanol. The high concentration of water in the mixture resulted in the formation of rod-shaped VOx nanoparticles, whereas increasing the amount of ethanol led to the production of VOx sheets. The solvothermal condition using pure ethanol as solvent produced VOx nano-urchins on the surface of HRG. The as-prepared hybrid materials were characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including X-ray diffraction, UV-vis, FTIR, SEM and TEM analyses. The photocatalytic activities of different HRG-VOx nanocomposites were investigated for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). The experimental data revealed that all HRG-VOx composite-based photocatalysts demonstrated excellent performance toward the photocatalytic degradation of the organic dyes. Among all photocatalysts studied, the HRG-VOx nanocomposite consisting of urchin-shaped VOx nanoparticles (HRG-VOx-U) demonstrated superior photocatalytic properties towards the degradation of dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.S.); (F.N.A.); (A.M.A.-M.); (M.R.H.); (M.K.); (S.F.A.)
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2
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Hatshan MR, Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Faisal M, Ahmad J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Shaik MR, Khan M, Wahab R, Matteis VD, Adil SF. Effectiveness of Nonfunctionalized Graphene Oxide Nanolayers as Nanomedicine against Colon, Cervical, and Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9141. [PMID: 37298090 PMCID: PMC10252622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in nanomedicine have intensively explored the prospective applications of surface-tailored graphene oxide (GO) as anticancer entity. However, the efficacy of nonfunctionalized graphene oxide nanolayers (GRO-NLs) as an anticancer agent is less explored. In this study, we report the synthesis of GRO-NLs and their in vitro anticancer potential in breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. GRO-NLs-treated HT-29, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells showed cytotoxicity in the MTT and NRU assays via defects in mitochondrial functions and lysosomal activity. HT-29, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells treated with GRO-NLs exhibited substantial elevations in ROS, disturbances of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an influx of Ca2+, and apoptosis. The qPCR quantification showed the upregulation of caspase 3, caspase 9, bax, and SOD1 genes in GRO-NLs-treated cells. Western blotting showed the depletion of P21, P53, and CDC25C proteins in the above cancer cell lines after GRO-NLs treatment, indicating its function as a mutagen to induce mutation in the P53 gene, thereby affecting P53 protein and downstream effectors P21 and CDC25C. In addition, there may be a mechanism other than P53 mutation that controls P53 dysfunction. We conclude that nonfunctionalized GRO-NLs exhibit prospective biomedical application as a putative anticancer entity against colon, cervical, and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.H.); (M.R.S.); (M.K.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (A.A.A.-K.); (R.W.)
| | - Maqsood A. Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (A.A.A.-K.); (R.W.)
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (A.A.A.-K.); (R.W.)
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (A.A.A.-K.); (R.W.)
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.H.); (M.R.S.); (M.K.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.H.); (M.R.S.); (M.K.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (A.A.A.-K.); (R.W.)
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.H.); (M.R.S.); (M.K.); (S.F.A.)
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3
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Ashraf M, Ahmad MS, Inomata Y, Ullah N, Tahir MN, Kida T. Transition metal nanoparticles as nanocatalysts for Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Recent Advances in Graphene and Graphene‐Based Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts: C−C And C−Y Coupling Reactions in Liquid Phase. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Akmal MA, Hassan MA, Muhammad S, Khurshid KS, Mohamed A. An analytical study on the identification of N-linked glycosylation sites using machine learning model. PeerJ Comput Sci 2022; 8:e1069. [PMID: 36262138 PMCID: PMC9575850 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
N-linked is the most common type of glycosylation which plays a significant role in identifying various diseases such as type I diabetes and cancer and helps in drug development. Most of the proteins cannot perform their biological and psychological functionalities without undergoing such modification. Therefore, it is essential to identify such sites by computational techniques because of experimental limitations. This study aims to analyze and synthesize the progress to discover N-linked places using machine learning methods. It also explores the performance of currently available tools to predict such sites. Almost seventy research articles published in recognized journals of the N-linked glycosylation field have shortlisted after the rigorous filtering process. The findings of the studies have been reported based on multiple aspects: publication channel, feature set construction method, training algorithm, and performance evaluation. Moreover, a literature survey has developed a taxonomy of N-linked sequence identification. Our study focuses on the performance evaluation criteria, and the importance of N-linked glycosylation motivates us to discover resources that use computational methods instead of the experimental method due to its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz Akmal
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, KSK, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Hassan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Muhammad
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khaldoon S. Khurshid
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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6
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Khan M, Ashraf M, Shaik MR, Adil SF, Islam MS, Kuniyil M, Khan M, Hatshan MR, Alshammari RH, Siddiqui MRH, Tahir MN. Pyrene Functionalized Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide-palladium Nanocomposite: A Novel Catalyst for the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction in Water. Front Chem 2022; 10:872366. [PMID: 35572099 PMCID: PMC9101052 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.872366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a C-C bond through Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions in water with efficient heterogeneous catalysts is a challenging task. In this current study, a highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) immobilized palladium (Pd) nanoparticle based catalyst (HRG-Py-Pd) is used to catalyze Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions in water. During the preparation of the catalyst, amino pyrene is used as a smart functionalizing ligand, which offered chemically specific binding sites for the effective and homogeneous nucleation of Pd NPs on the surface of HRG, which significantly enhanced the physical stability and dispersibility of the resulting catalyst in an aqueous medium. Microscopic analysis of the catalyst revealed a uniform distribution of ultrafine Pd NPs on a solid support. The catalytic properties of HRG-Py-Pd are tested towards the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions of various aryl halides with acrylic acid in an aqueous medium. Furthermore, the catalytic efficacy of HRG-Py-Pd is also compared with its non-functionalized counterparts such as HRG-Pd and pristine Pd NPs (Pd-NPs). Using the HRG-Py-Pd nanocatalyst, the highest conversion of 99% is achieved in the coupling reaction of 4-bromoanisol and acrylic acid in an aqueous solution in a relatively short period of time (3 h), with less quantity of catalyst (3 mg). Comparatively, pristine Pd NPs delivered lower conversion (∼92%) for the same reaction required a long reaction time and a large amount of catalyst (5.3 mg). Indeed, the conversion of the reaction further decreased to just 40% when 3 mg of Pd-NPs was used which was sufficient to produce 99% conversion in the case of HRG-Py-Pd. On the other hand, HRG-Pd did not deliver any conversion and was ineffective even after using a high amount of catalyst and a longer reaction time. The inability of the HRG-Pd to promote coupling reactions can be attributed to the agglomeration of Pd NPs which reduced the dispersion quality of the catalyst in water. Therefore, the high aqueous stability of HRG-Py-Pd due to smart functionalization can be utilized to perform other organic transformations in water which was otherwise not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mujeeb Khan, ; Mohammad Shahidul Islam,
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mujeeb Khan, ; Mohammad Shahidul Islam,
| | - Mufsir Kuniyil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh H. Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Shapovalov SS, Popova AS, Ioni YV. Oxidation of Diphenylacetylene in the Presence of Heterogeneous Carbon-Containing Catalysts Based on Palladium, Graphene, and Graphene Oxide. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Tian Y, Tang Z, Ru Y, Wang Y, Dai L. Effect of Alkyl Structures on the Anti‐stacking and Anchoring of Pd/
Diamine‐Functionalized
Graphene Nanoparticles in Application in Suzuki Reaction. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinbing Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Zijie Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yu Ru
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Liyi Dai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 China
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9
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Tajiki A, Abdouss M, Sadjadi S, Mazinani S, Ramakrishna S. Photo-induced green synthesis of bimetallic Ag/Pd nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide/nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots nanocomposite as an amperometric sensor for nitrite detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6289-6301. [PMID: 34345948 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study introduces a novel nanocomposite based on reduced graphene oxide, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots, and palladium and silver nanoparticles (rGO/NGQD/AgPd) as an electrocatalyst toward nitrite oxidation reaction. Metal nanoparticles were prepared via a green one-pot photochemical reduction procedure utilizing UV light and NGQD simultaneously as a reducing and directing agent. Formation of the nanocomposite was thoroughly demonstrated by the FT-IR, XRD, Raman, XPS, FE-SEM, and TEM characterization tests. Various electrochemical tests evaluated the efficiency of the prepared sensing platform on the surface of a gold working electrode. Sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) were calculated to be 0.854 μA.μM-1.cm-2 and 0.052 μM, respectively, from the chronoamperometry data. Finally, the proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of nitrite ions in river and mineral water samples as natural water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tajiki
- Chemistry Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Chemistry Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Sodeh Sadjadi
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mazinani
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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10
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Adil SF, Shaik MR, Nasr FA, Alqahtani AS, Ahmed MZ, Qamar W, Kuniyil M, Almutairi A, Alwarthan A, Siddiqui MR, Hatshan MR, Khan M. Enhanced Apoptosis by Functionalized Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide and Gold Nanocomposites in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15147-15155. [PMID: 34151094 PMCID: PMC8210402 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanocomposites have gained significant interest in a variety of biological applications due to their unique properties. Herein, we have studied the apoptosis-inducing ability and anticancer properties of functionalized highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)-based nanocomposites (AP-HRG-Au). Samples were prepared under facile conditions via simple stirring and ultrasonication. All the samples were tested for their anticancer properties against different human cancer cell lines including lung (A549), liver (HepG2), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells using doxorubicin as a positive control. In order to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the sample, HRG was functionalized with 1-aminopyrene (1-AP) as a stabilizing ligand. The ligand also facilitated the homogeneous growth of Au NPs on the surface of HRG by offering chemically specific binding sites. The synthesis of nanocomposites and the surface functionalization of HRG were confirmed by UV-Vis, powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared nanocomposites were established by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Because of the functionalization, the AP-HRG-Au nanocomposite exhibited enhanced physical stability and high dispersibility. A comparative anticancer study of pristine HRG, nonfunctionalized HRG-Au, and 1-AP-functionalized AP-HRG-Au nanocomposites revealed the enhanced apoptosis ability of functionalized nanocomposites compared to the nonfunctionalized sample, whereas the pristine HRG did not show any anticancer ability against all tested cell lines. Both HRG-Au and AP-HRG-Au have induced a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability in all tested cell lines after 48 h of exposure, with a significantly higher response in MCF-7 cells compared to the remaining cells. Therefore, MCF-7 cells were selected to perform detailed investigations using apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis, and reactive oxygen species measurements. These results suggest that AP-HRG-Au induces enhanced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Farooq Adil
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Medicinal,
Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Medicinal,
Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z. Ahmed
- Medicinal,
Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mufsir Kuniyil
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adibah Almutairi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alwarthan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq
H. Siddiqui
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Ashraf M, Shah SS, Khan I, Aziz MA, Ullah N, Khan M, Adil SF, Liaqat Z, Usman M, Tremel W, Tahir MN. A High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Tungsten Oxide Nanoplates and Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes. Chemistry 2021; 27:6973-6984. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashraf
- Chemistry Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dharan 31261 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Physics Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dharan 31261 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31262 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Center of Integrative Petroleum Research King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31262 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dharan 31261 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Liaqat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31262 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Chemistry Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dharan 31261 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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12
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Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde: Effect of Aging Time and Calcination Temperature Using CuxZnyO Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation is an important organic transformation, and several catalysts have been reported for this conversion. In this study, we report the synthesis of mixed metal oxide CuxZnyO, which is prepared by a coprecipitation method by varying the molar ratio of Cu and Zn in the catalytic system. The prepared mixed metal oxide CuxZnyO was evaluated for catalytic performance for toluene oxidation. Various parameters of the catalytic evaluation were studied in order to ascertain the optimum condition for the best catalytic performance. The results indicate that aging time, calcination temperature, reaction temperature, and feed rate influence catalytic performance. It was found that the catalyst interfaces apparently enhanced catalytic activity for toluene oxidation. The XRD diffractograms reveal the crystalline nature of the mixed metal oxide formed and also confirm the coexistence of hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline phases. The catalyst prepared by aging for 4 h and calcined at 450 °C was found to be the best for the conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde while the reactor temperature was maintained at 250 °C with toluene fed into the reactor at 0.01 mL/min. The catalyst was active for about 13 h.
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