1
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Zhou P, Kessinger CW, Gu F, Davenport A, King JS, Wang G, Negron SG, Deplancke B, Pu WT, Lin Z. Vestigial like 4 regulates the adipogenesis of classical brown adipose tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602788. [PMID: 39026854 PMCID: PMC11257599 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is mammals' primary non-shivering thermogenesis organ, and the molecular mechanisms regulating BAT growth and adipogenesis are largely unknown. The Hippo-YAP pathway has been well-known for controlling organ size, and Vestigial like 4 (VGLL4) is a transcriptional regulator that modulates the Hippo-YAP pathway by competing against YAP for binding to TEAD proteins. In this study, we dissected the function of VGLL4 in regulating BAT development. We generated a conventional Vgll4 mutant mouse line, in which the two Tondu (TDU) domains of VGLL4 were disrupted. We found that deletion of the TDU domains of VGLL4 resulted in perinatal lethality and paucity of the interscapular BAT. Histological and magnetic resonance imaging studies confirmed that the adipogenesis of BAT was impaired in Vgll4 mutants. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated, brown adipocyte-specific overexpression of VGLL4 increased BAT volume and protected the adult male mice from acute cold stress. Genomic studies suggest that VGLL4/TEAD1 complex directly regulates the myogenic and adipogenic gene expression programs of BAT. In conclusion, our data identify VGLL4 as a previously unrecognized adipogenesis factor that regulates classical BAT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhu Zhou
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Chase W. Kessinger
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
| | - Fei Gu
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Amanda Davenport
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
| | - Justin S. King
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Genyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
| | - Steven G. Negron
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William T. Pu
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501
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2
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Wang D, Marcet-Rius M, Villanueva-García D, Gazzano A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Olmos-Hernández A, Hernández-Ávalos I, Lezama-García K, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Gómez-Prado J, Mota-Rojas D. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Thermoregulation during the Perinatal Period. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2173. [PMID: 37443971 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is one of the most common causes of mortality in neonates, and it could be developed after birth because the uterus temperature is more elevated than the extrauterine temperature. Neonates use diverse mechanisms to thermoregulate, such as shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. These strategies can be more efficient in some species, but not in others, i.e., altricials, which have the greatest difficulty with achieving thermoneutrality. In addition, there are anatomical and neurological differences in mammals, which may present different distributions and amounts of brown fat. This article aims to discuss the neuromodulation mechanisms of thermoregulation and the importance of brown fat in the thermogenesis of newborn mammals, emphasizing the analysis of the biochemical, physiological, and genetic factors that determine the distribution, amount, and efficiency of this energy resource in newborns of different species. It has been concluded that is vital to understand and minimize hypothermia causes in newborns, which is one of the main causes of mortality in neonates. This would be beneficial for both animals and producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Angelo Gazzano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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3
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Turner R, Mukherjee R, Wallace M, Sanchez-Gurmaches J. Quantitative Determination of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Using Deuterium Oxide. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64219. [PMID: 37246886 PMCID: PMC10913692 DOI: 10.3791/64219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthesis is a complex and highly energy demanding metabolic pathway with important functional roles in the control of whole-body metabolic homeostasis and other physiological and pathological processes. Contrary to other key metabolic pathways, such as glucose disposal, fatty acid synthesis is not routinely functionally assessed, leading to incomplete interpretations of metabolic status. In addition, there is a lack of publicly available detailed protocols suitable for newcomers in the field. Here, we describe an inexpensive quantitative method utilizing deuterium oxide and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) for the analysis of total fatty acid de novo synthesis in brown adipose tissue in vivo. This method measures the synthesis of the products of fatty acid synthase independently of a carbon source, and it is potentially useful for virtually any tissue, in any mouse model, and under any external perturbation. Details on the sample preparation for GCMS and downstream calculations are provided. We focus on the analysis of brown fat due to its high levels of de novo fatty acid synthesis and critical roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Turner
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
| | - Martina Wallace
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin;
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine;
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4
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Ren J, Flamant F. Thyroid hormone as a temporal switch in mouse development. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12:e220225. [PMID: 36715693 PMCID: PMC10083660 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are known to trigger metamorphosis in an amphibian. This review discusses the hypothesis according to which they act in a similar manner to synchronize the post-natal development of mice, using brain, brown adipose tissue, and heart as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ren
- ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon, France
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5
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Generation of mega brown adipose tissue in adults by controlling brown adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203307119. [PMID: 36161914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203307119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly specialized adipose tissue in its immobile location and size during the entire adulthood. In response to cold exposure and other β3-adrenoreceptor stimuli, BAT commits energy consumption by nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). However, the molecular machinery in controlling the BAT mass in adults is unknown. Here, we show our surprising findings that the BAT mass and functions can be manipulated in adult animals by controlling BAT adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFα) expressed in BAT progenitor cells served a signaling function to avert adipose progenitor differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function of PDGFRα eliminated the differentiation barrier and permitted progenitor cell differentiation to mature and functional BAT adipocytes. Consequently, an enlarged BAT mass (megaBAT) was created by PDGFRα inhibition owing to increases of brown adipocyte numbers. Under cold exposure, a microRNA-485 (miR-485) was identified as a master suppressor of the PDGFRα signaling, and delivery of miR-485 also produced megaBAT in adult animals. Noticeably, megaBAT markedly improved global metabolism, insulin sensitivity, high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and diabetes by enhancing NST. Together, our findings demonstrate that the adult BAT mass can be increased by blocking the previously unprecedented inhibitory signaling for BAT progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, blocking the PDGFRα for the generation of megaBAT provides an attractive strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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6
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Lezama-García K, Mota-Rojas D, Martínez-Burnes J, Villanueva-García D, Domínguez-Oliva A, Gómez-Prado J, Mora-Medina P, Casas-Alvarado A, Olmos-Hernández A, Soto P, Muns R. Strategies for Hypothermia Compensation in Altricial and Precocial Newborn Mammals and Their Monitoring by Infrared Thermography. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050246. [PMID: 35622774 PMCID: PMC9145389 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulation in newborn mammals is an essential species-specific mechanism of the nervous system that contributes to their survival during the first hours and days of their life. When exposed to cold weather, which is a risk factor associated with mortality in neonates, pathways such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) are activated to achieve temperature control, increasing the circulating levels of catecholamine and cortisol. Consequently, alterations in blood circulation and mechanisms to produce or to retain heat (e.g., vasoconstriction, piloerection, shivering, brown adipocyte tissue activation, and huddling) begin to prevent hypothermia. This study aimed to discuss the mechanisms of thermoregulation in newborn domestic mammals, highlighting the differences between altricial and precocial species. The processes that employ brown adipocyte tissue, shivering, thermoregulatory behaviors, and dermal vasomotor control will be analyzed to understand the physiology and the importance of implementing techniques to promote thermoregulation and survival in the critical post-birth period of mammals. Also, infrared thermography as a helpful method to perform thermal measurements without animal interactions does not affect these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lezama-García
- PhD Program in Biological and Health Sciences [Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud], Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico;
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, National Institute of Health, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Doctor Márquez 162, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
| | - Patricia Mora-Medina
- Department of Livestock Science, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology—Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Paola Soto
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (A.D.-O.); (J.G.-P.); (A.C.-A.); (P.S.)
| | - Ramon Muns
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Livestock Production Sciences Unit, Hillsborough BT26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK;
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7
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Bruder J, Fromme T. Global Adipose Tissue Remodeling During the First Month of Postnatal Life in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:849877. [PMID: 35250892 PMCID: PMC8892685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.849877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first month of postnatal life, adipose tissue depots of mice go through a drastic, but transient, remodeling process. Between postnatal days 10 and 20, several white fat depots display a strong and sudden surge in beige adipocyte emergence that reverts until day 30. At the same time, brown fat depots appear to undergo an opposite phenomenon. We comprehensively describe these events, their depot specificity and known environmental and genetic interactions, such as maternal diet, housing temperature and mouse strain. We further discuss potential mechanisms and plausible purposes, including the tempting hypothesis that postnatal transient remodeling creates a lasting adaptive capacity still detectable in adult animals. Finally, we propose postnatal adipose tissue remodeling as a model process to investigate mechanisms of beige adipocyte recruitment advantageous to cold exposure or adrenergic stimulation in its entirely endogenous sequence of events without external manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bruder
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tobias Fromme,
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8
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Le Roy T, Clément K. Into the wild: early time-window for wild microbes to confer resistance to obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:711-712. [PMID: 34663932 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Le Roy
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit, NutriOmics, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit, NutriOmics, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Paris, France.
- Nutrition department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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9
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Hild B, Dreier MS, Oh JH, McCulloch JA, Badger JH, Guo J, Thefaine CE, Umarova R, Hall KD, Gavrilova O, Rosshart SP, Trinchieri G, Rehermann B. Neonatal exposure to a wild-derived microbiome protects mice against diet-induced obesity. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1042-1057. [PMID: 34417593 PMCID: PMC9969744 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its consequences are among the greatest challenges in healthcare. The gut microbiome is recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity. Using a mouse model, we show here that a wild-derived microbiome protects against excessive weight gain, severe fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome during a 10-week course of high-fat diet. This phenotype is transferable only during the first weeks of life. In adult mice, neither transfer nor severe disturbance of the wild-type microbiome modifies the metabolic response to a high-fat diet. The protective phenotype is associated with increased secretion of metabolic hormones and increased energy expenditure through activation of brown adipose tissue. Thus, we identify a microbiome that protects against weight gain and its negative consequences through metabolic programming in early life. Translation of these results to humans may identify early-life therapeutics that protect against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hild
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthew S Dreier
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Oh
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A McCulloch
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan H Badger
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juen Guo
- Integrative Physiology Section, Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire E Thefaine
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Regina Umarova
- Liver Diseases Virology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- Integrative Physiology Section, Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Translational Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Rehermann
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Zekri Y, Flamant F, Gauthier K. Central vs. Peripheral Action of Thyroid Hormone in Adaptive Thermogenesis: A Burning Topic. Cells 2021; 10:1327. [PMID: 34071979 PMCID: PMC8229489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) contribute to the control of adaptive thermogenesis, which is associated with both higher energy expenditure and lower body mass index. While it was clearly established that TH act directly in the target tissues to fulfill its metabolic activities, some studies have rather suggested that TH act in the hypothalamus to control these processes. This paradigm shift has subjected the topic to intense debates. This review aims to recapitulate how TH control adaptive thermogenesis and to what extent the brain is involved in this process. This is of crucial importance for the design of new pharmacological agents that would take advantage of the TH metabolic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Zekri
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, INRAE USC 1370 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France; (F.F.); (K.G.)
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11
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Verduci E, Calcaterra V, Di Profio E, Fiore G, Rey F, Magenes VC, Todisco CF, Carelli S, Zuccotti GV. Brown Adipose Tissue: New Challenges for Prevention of Childhood Obesity. A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051450. [PMID: 33923364 PMCID: PMC8145569 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity remains a challenge in modern society. Recently, research has focused on the role of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a potential target of intervention. In this review, we revised preclinical and clinical works on factors that may promote BAT or browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) from fetal age to adolescence. Maternal lifestyle, type of breastfeeding and healthy microbiota can affect the thermogenic activity of BAT. Environmental factors such as exposure to cold or physical activity also play a role in promoting and activating BAT. Most of the evidence is preclinical, although in clinic there is some evidence on the role of omega-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) supplementation on BAT activation. Clinical studies are needed to dissect the early factors and their modulation to allow proper BAT development and functions and to prevent onset of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Animal Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Carolina Federica Todisco
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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