1
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Wang KC, Lau J, Garcia SM, Wague A, Sharma S, Liu X, Feeley BT. The influence of age on cellular senescence in injured versus healthy muscle and its implications on rotator cuff injuries. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2025; 34:S117-S126. [PMID: 40057173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2025] [Accepted: 02/22/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced age increases the prevalence of rotator cuff tears and affects the success of repair surgeries. Cellular senescence is proposed as a key mechanism behind these age-related differences, likely due to contribution of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This state is linked to various age-related diseases, including rotator cuff injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rotator cuff muscle samples were obtained from young and aged patients who underwent surgery. Samples were processed for single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze cellular differences. Cells were isolated and sequenced to identify different cell populations and their gene expression profiles. RESULTS Six major cell populations were identified in rotator cuff muscle tissue, including fibroadipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs), satellite cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, and T cells. Aged FAPs showed higher expression of senescence markers and genes associated with fibrosis and inflammation. Younger FAPs had higher levels of extracellular matrix remodeling genes. Specifically, ATF3-a senescence marker-was found to be elevated in aged FAPs. In silico analysis highlighted a potential role of ATF3 in regulating FAP differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Markers of cellular senescence are significantly elevated in older human rotator cuff tissue samples compared with young rotator cuff. Of specific interest is ATF3, a gene that has been previously implicated in regulating adipogenesis, which demonstrates a trend to function in a protective capacity against the formation of fibrosis in computational analysis of our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Wang
- Division of Orthopedics, Columbia University at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
| | - Justin Lau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aboubacar Wague
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sankalp Sharma
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian T Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Tsakiridis EE, Ahmadi E, Gautam J, Hannah She YR, Fayyazi R, Lally JS, Wang S, Di Pastena F, Valvano CM, Del Rosso D, Biziotis OD, Meyers B, Muti P, Tsakiridis T, Steinberg GR. Salsalate improves the anti-tumor efficacy of lenvatinib in MASH-driven hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2025; 7:101354. [PMID: 40276482 PMCID: PMC12018114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The complex microenvironment of these tumors, characterized by metabolic dysfunction, hypoxia, steatosis, and fibrosis, limits the effectiveness of standard-of-care therapies, such as the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib (LEN). Salsalate (SAL), is a rheumatoid arthritis therapy that enhances fatty acid oxidation and reduces de novo lipogenesis, fibrosis and cell proliferation pathways. We hypothesize that addition of SAL could improve the efficacy of LEN in MASH-HCC. Methods We assessed the efficacy of combination therapy using clinically relevant concentrations of LEN and SAL in human HCC cell models, orthotopic xenograft and MASH-HCC mouse models. In addition, assays assessing fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis, protein immunoblotting and RNA-sequencing were used to understand mechanisms involved. Results LEN + SAL synergistically suppressed the proliferation and clonogenic survival of cells (p ≤0.0001), prolonged survival in an orthotopic xenograft model (p = 0.02), and reduced angiogenesis, fibrosis, and steatosis (p ≤0.05) in a MASH-HCC model. These effects were associated with activation of AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR-HIF1α and Erk1/2 signaling pathways. RNA-sequencing analysis in both Hep3B cells and livers of the MASH-HCC mouse model revealed that SAL enhanced fatty acid oxidation and suppressed fibrosis and cell cycle progression, while LEN reduced angiogenesis with regulatory network analysis, suggesting a potential role for activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and ETS-proto-oncogene-1 (ETS-1). Conclusions These data indicate that combining LEN and SAL, which exert distinct effects leading to improvements in the liver microenvironment (steatosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis) and inhibition of tumor proliferation, may have therapeutic potential for MASH-driven HCC. Impact and implications Although rates of MASH-HCC are on the rise globally, standard-of-care multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy have limited efficacy in this HCC etiology. Metabolic targeting with SAL inhibits cancer growth kinetics while also alleviating drivers of MASH by increasing fatty acid oxidation and reducing de novo lipogenesis and fibrosis. Combined LEN and SAL improved survival and MASH-HCC pathology in mouse models without adverse effects. Given that SAL is a safe, economical, and approved medication, this concept holds great translational potential that could provide a new treatment avenue for patients with unresected MASH-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E. Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ONT, L8V 5CV, Canada
| | - Jaya Gautam
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yi Ran Hannah She
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Russta Fayyazi
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - James S.V. Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Simon Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ONT, L8V 5CV, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Celina M. Valvano
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Daniel Del Rosso
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Olga-Demetra Biziotis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ONT, L8V 5CV, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Brandon Meyers
- Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ONT, L8V 5CV, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Paola Muti
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton Health Sciences, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ONT, L8V 5CV, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ONT, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Hu S, Ai Y, Hu C, Cassim Bawa FN, Xu Y. Transcription factors, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and therapeutic implications. Genes Dis 2025; 12:101372. [PMID: 39911797 PMCID: PMC11795806 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, which may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several mechanisms, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species, have been proposed to underlie the progression of MAFLD. Transcription factors are proteins that specifically bind to DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of target genes. Numerous transcription factors regulate MAFLD by modulating the transcription of genes involved in steatosis, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Here, we review the pathological factors associated with MAFLD, with a particular emphasis on the transcription factors that contribute to the progression of MAFLD and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yingjie Ai
- Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chencheng Hu
- Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fathima N. Cassim Bawa
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Frontier Innovation Center, Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Xu X, Zhan C, Qiao J, Yang Y, Li C, Li P, Ma S. Transcriptomic Analysis of Muscle Satellite Cell Regulation on Intramuscular Preadipocyte Differentiation in Tan Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3414. [PMID: 40244284 PMCID: PMC11989785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26073414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a key factor influencing meat properties including tenderness, flavor, and marbling. However, the complex molecular mechanisms regulating IMF deposition, especially the interactions between intramuscular preadipocytes (IMAdCs) and skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs), remain unclear. In this study, a direct co-culture system of sheep IMAdCs and SMSCs was used to elucidate their intercellular interactions. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed under monoculture and co-culture conditions for later stages of differentiation. The obtained results showed that SMSCs significantly inhibited the adipogenic capacity of IMAdCs. This was reflected in the co-culture markedly altered gene expression and observations of lipid droplets in our studies, i.e., the PPARG, ACOX2, PIK3R1, FABP5, FYN, ALDOC, PFKM, PFKL, HADH, and HADHB genes were down-regulated in the co-cultured IMAdCs in association with the inhibition of fat deposition, whereas ACSL3, ACSL4, ATF3, EGR1, and IGF1R within the genes upregulated in co-culture IMAdCs were associated with the promotion of lipid metabolism. In addition, GO, KEGG, and ligand-receptor pairing analyses further elucidated the molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication. These findings emphasize the regulatory role of SMSCs on intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism, providing a theoretical framework for targeted molecular strategies to improve sheep meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Cong Zhan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Qiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Changyuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Pan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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5
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Li HF, Lin H, Liu HT, Lin TJ, Tseng TL. Activating transcription factor-3 orchestrates the modulation of vascular anti-contractile activity and relaxation by governing the secretion of HDL-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate in perivascular adipose tissue. Br J Pharmacol 2025; 182:1763-1782. [PMID: 39843165 DOI: 10.1111/bph.17433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Perivascular adipose tissues (PVATs) play a critical role in modulating vascular homeostasis and protecting against cardiovascular dysfunction-mediated blood pressure dysregulation. We demonstrated that the activating transcription factor-3 (Atf3) gene in the PVAT is crucial for improving vascular wall tension abnormalities; however, its protective mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we aim to determine whether ATF3 regulates PVAT-derived relaxing factor (PVDRF) biosynthesis and if its secretion contributes to vasorelaxation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH This study employed an in vivo animal model using global Atf3-deficient mice, in vitro blood vessel myography, and biochemical analyses to evaluate ATF3-mediated PVDRF release and reactivity in the vasculature. KEY RESULTS Wild-type (WT) mouse thoracic aortic PVAT extracts significantly induced resting tone dilation and attenuated vasoconstrictor-induced contractile responses compared to Atf3-/- mice. Heat-stable PVAT extracts from WT mice caused sustained and reproducible vasodilation without tachyphylaxis in control aortic rings. Biochemical evaluation of PVDRF release revealed that Atf3-/- mice had lower sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than WT mice. Furthermore, PVAT extracts from WT mice induced long-lasting vasorelaxation, which was significantly inhibited by the S1P3 receptor antagonist TY52156 and scavenger receptor class B type 1 receptor antagonist glyburide. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS ATF3 within the PVAT can modulate vascular function by strengthening sphingosine kinase 1 (sphk1)-S1P-S1P3 receptor lipid signalling and stimulating S1P binding to HDL to form the vasodilator HDL-S1P. ATF3 is an essential modulator for maintaining the physiological function of PVAT, providing a novel target for treatment of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fen Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- CardioVascular Research Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- CardioVascular Research Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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6
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Zhao X, Chen C, Qiu H, Liu J, Shao N, Guo M, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Xu L. The landscape of ATF3 in tumors: Metabolism, expression regulation, therapy approach, and open concerns. Pharmacol Res 2025; 214:107666. [PMID: 39978658 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Cellular stress response is a pivotal process in tumor development and therapy. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a representative stress-responsive protein, plays pleiotropic roles in various biological processes. Over the past decade, studies have described not only the general role of ATF3 in tumor metabolism but also the complexity of ATF3 expression regulation and its associated modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation. Interestingly, beyond being a transcription factor, ATF3 can act as a modifier to control the ubiquitination of target molecules, such as p53, to exert its function in tumors. These advances in uncovering ATF3 biological function have yielded new insights into the cellular stress response during tumor development and will be instrumental in developing novel interventions. In this review, we update the role of ATF3 as a nexus in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, and other metabolic pathways in tumors; delineate the underlying mechanisms involving DNA level regulation, epigenetic regulation, and post-translational modifications of ATF3; and summarize the progression of tumor mono/combination therapies related to ATF3. In particular, we discuss the challenges that need to be addressed to provide a new conceptual framework for further understanding the potential therapeutic value of ATF3 in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yuanye Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo hospital, Shanghai University of Tradtional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Damage Repair, Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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7
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Zhang Q, Zhu F, Tong Y, Huang Y, Zhang J. ATF3-SLC7A7 Axis Regulates mTORC1 Signaling to Suppress Lipogenesis and Tumorigenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2025; 14:253. [PMID: 39996726 PMCID: PMC11854064 DOI: 10.3390/cells14040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a substantial global health burden, with poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Dysregulated lipid metabolism has emerged as a critical driver of HCC progression. While mTORC1 signaling is known to promote lipid synthesis in HCC, the regulatory mechanisms governing mTORC1 remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mTORC1 inhibition significantly reduces lipogenesis in HCC and uncover a regulatory axis involving the transcription factor ATF3 and the leucine-arginine transporter SLC7A7. Transcriptomic analysis of HCC patients reveals an inverse correlation between ATF3 expression and lipid synthesis, a finding corroborated by experimental validation. Mechanistically, ATF3 suppresses mTORC1 signaling, thereby inhibiting lipid biosynthesis, with SLC7A7 identified as a key intermediary in this process. Specifically, ATF3 binds to the enhancer region of SLC7A7, driving its transcriptional activation and subsequently restraining mTORC1 activity. Functional assays in ATF3-overexpressing and -knockdown HCC cell lines further confirm ATF3's role as a tumor suppressor. Our study identifies a novel ATF3-SLC7A7-mTORC1 regulatory axis that attenuates lipogenesis and tumorigenesis in HCC, establishing a critical link between lipid metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis. These findings offer new insights into potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Fengzhi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Yin Tong
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunxing Huang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jiangwen Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.)
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8
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Hu S, Cassim Bawa FN, Zhu Y, Pan X, Wang H, Gopoju R, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Loss of adipose ATF3 promotes adipose tissue lipolysis and the development of MASH. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1300. [PMID: 39390075 PMCID: PMC11467330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between adipose tissue and the liver is finely controlled to maintain metabolic health. Yet, how adipose tissue controls toxic free fatty acid overflow into the liver remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that adipocyte activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was induced in human or mouse obesity. Adipocyte Atf3-/- (Atf3Adi-/-) mice developed obesity, glucose intolerance, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in chow diet, high-fat diet, or Western diet-fed mice. Blocking fatty acid flux by inhibiting hepatocyte CD36, but not the restoration of hepatic AMPK signaling, prevented the aggravation of MASH in Atf3Adi-/- mice. Further studies show that the loss of adipocyte ATF3 increased lipolysis via inducing adipose triglyceride lipase, which in turn induced lipogenesis and inflammation in hepatocytes. Moreover, Atf3Adi-/- mice had reduced energy expenditure and increased adipose lipogenesis and inflammation. Our data demonstrate that adipocyte ATF3 is a gatekeeper in counteracting MASH development under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Fathima N Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University Kent, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University Kent, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - Raja Gopoju
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Jamerson LE, Bradshaw PC. The Roles of White Adipose Tissue and Liver NADPH in Dietary Restriction-Induced Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:820. [PMID: 39061889 PMCID: PMC11273496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) protocols frequently employ intermittent fasting. Following a period of fasting, meal consumption increases lipogenic gene expression, including that of NADPH-generating enzymes that fuel lipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) through the induction of transcriptional regulators SREBP-1c and CHREBP. SREBP-1c knockout mice, unlike controls, did not show an extended lifespan on the DR diet. WAT cytoplasmic NADPH is generated by both malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), while liver cytoplasmic NADPH is primarily synthesized by folate cycle enzymes provided one-carbon units through serine catabolism. During the daily fasting period of the DR diet, fatty acids are released from WAT and are transported to peripheral tissues, where they are used for beta-oxidation and for phospholipid and lipid droplet synthesis, where monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) may activate Nrf1 and inhibit ferroptosis to promote longevity. Decreased WAT NADPH from PPP gene knockout stimulated the browning of WAT and protected from a high-fat diet, while high levels of NADPH-generating enzymes in WAT and macrophages are linked to obesity. But oscillations in WAT [NADPH]/[NADP+] from feeding and fasting cycles may play an important role in maintaining metabolic plasticity to drive longevity. Studies measuring the WAT malate/pyruvate as a proxy for the cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], as well as studies using fluorescent biosensors expressed in the WAT of animal models to monitor the changes in cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], are needed during ad libitum and DR diets to determine the changes that are associated with longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick C. Bradshaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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10
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Deng Y, Yang X, Ye X, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Teng F, You D, Zhou X, Liu W, Li K, Luo S, Yang Z, Chen R, Shi G, Li J, Zhang H. Alternate day fasting aggravates atherosclerosis through the suppression of hepatic ATF3 in Apoe-/- mice. LIFE METABOLISM 2024; 3:loae009. [PMID: 39872376 PMCID: PMC11749235 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/loae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Alternate day fasting (ADF) has gained growing attention due to its metabolic benefits. However, the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation remain inconsistent and controversial in atherosclerotic animal models. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ADF on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe -/- ) mice. Eleven-week-old male Apoe -/- mice fed with Western diet (WD) were randomly grouped into ad libitum (AL) group and ADF group, and ADF aggravated both the early and advanced atherosclerotic lesion formation, which might be due to the disturbed cholesterol profiles caused by ADF intervention. ADF significantly altered cholesterol metabolism pathways and down-regulated integrated stress response (ISR) in the liver. The hepatic expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was suppressed in mice treated with ADF and hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Aft3 attenuated the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apoe -/- mice. Moreover, the expression of ATF3 could be regulated by Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) and both the expressions of ATF3 and KLF6 were regulated by hepatic cellular ISR pathway. In conclusion, ADF aggravates atherosclerosis progression in Apoe -/- mice fed on WD. ADF inhibits the hepatic ISR signaling pathway and decreases the expression of KLF6, subsequently inhibiting ATF3 expression. The suppressed ATF3 expression in the liver mediates the deteriorated effects of ADF on atherosclerosis in Apoe -/- mice. The findings suggest the potentially harmful effects when ADF intervention is applied to the population at high risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xueru Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Youwen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Danming You
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Kangli Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shenjian Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ruxin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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11
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Munalisa R, Lien TS, Tsai PY, Sun DS, Cheng CF, Wu WS, Li CC, Hu CT, Tsai KW, Lee YL, Chou YC, Chang HH. Restraint Stress-Induced Neutrophil Inflammation Contributes to Concurrent Gastrointestinal Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5261. [PMID: 38791301 PMCID: PMC11121713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress increases risk of gastrointestinal tract diseases. However, the mechanism behind stress-induced gastrointestinal injury is not well understood. The objective of our study is to elucidate the putative mechanism of stress-induced gastrointestinal injury and develop an intervention strategy. To achieve this, we employed the restraint stress mouse model, a well-established method to study the pathophysiological changes associated with psychological stress in mice. By orally administering gut-nonabsorbable Evans blue dye and monitoring its plasma levels, we were able to track the progression of gastrointestinal injury in live mice. Additionally, flow cytometry was utilized to assess the viability, death, and inflammatory status of splenic leukocytes, providing insights into the stress-induced impact on the innate immune system associated with stress-induced gastrointestinal injury. Our findings reveal that neutrophils represent the primary innate immune leukocyte lineage responsible for stress-induced inflammation. Splenic neutrophils exhibited elevated expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1, cellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial burden, and cell death following stress challenge compared to other innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Regulated cell death analysis indicated that NETosis is the predominant stress-induced cell death response among other analyzed regulated cell death pathways. NETosis culminates in the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps, which play a crucial role in modulating inflammation by binding to pathogens. Treatment with the NETosis inhibitor GSK484 rescued stress-induced neutrophil extracellular trap release and gastrointestinal injury, highlighting the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps in stress-induced gastrointestinal inflammation. Our results suggest that neutrophil NETosis could serve as a promising drug target for managing psychological stress-induced gastrointestinal injuries.
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Grants
- 104-2320-B-320 -009 -MY3, 107-2311-B-320-002-MY3, 111-2320-B320-006-MY3, 112-2320-B-320-007 National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- TCMMP104-06, TCMMP108-04, TCMMP 111-01, TCAS111-02, TCAS-112-02, TCAS113-04, TCRD112-033, TCRD113-041 Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Munalisa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Ping-Yeh Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddha Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddha Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Center for Hepatology and Department of Gastroenterology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
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12
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Wang C, Chen C, Lei B, Qin S, Zhang Y, Li K, Zhang S, Liu Y. Constructing eRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks to explore the genetic basis of muscle and fat-relevant traits in pigs. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:28. [PMID: 38594607 PMCID: PMC11003151 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation. While significant progress has been made in understanding epigenetic regulation mediated by eRNAs, research on the construction of eRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks (eGRN) and the identification of critical network components that influence complex traits is lacking. RESULTS Here, employing the pig as a model, we conducted a comprehensive study using H3K27ac histone ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data to construct eRNA expression profiles from multiple tissues of two distinct pig breeds, namely Enshi Black (ES) and Duroc. In addition to revealing the regulatory landscape of eRNAs at the tissue level, we developed an innovative network construction and refinement method by integrating RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals and enhancer-modulating effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) measured by self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) experiments. Using this approach, we unraveled eGRN that significantly influence the growth and development of muscle and fat tissues, and identified several novel genes that affect adipocyte differentiation in a cell line model. CONCLUSIONS Our work not only provides novel insights into the genetic basis of economic pig traits, but also offers a generalizable approach to elucidate the eRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation underlying a wide spectrum of complex traits for diverse organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Choulin Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Lei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Qin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528226, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Shi H, Hao X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Cao X, Gong Z, Ji S, Lu J, Yan Y, Yu X, Luo X, Wang J, Wang H. Exercise-inducible circulating extracellular vesicle irisin promotes browning and the thermogenic program in white adipose tissue. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14103. [PMID: 38288566 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Exercise can reduce body weight and promote white fat browning, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study investigated the role of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a hormone released from exercising muscle, in the browning of white fat in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). METHODS Mice were subjected to a 4 weeks of running table exercise, and fat browning was analyzed via histology, protein blotting and qPCR. Circulating EVs were extracted by ultrahigh-speed centrifugation, and ELISA was used to measure the irisin concentration in the circulating EVs. Circulating EVs that differentially expressed irisin were applied to adipocytes, and the effect of EV-irisin on adipocyte energy metabolism was analyzed by immunofluorescence, protein blotting, and cellular oxygen consumption rate analysis. RESULTS During sustained exercise, the mice lost weight and developed fat browning. FNDC5 was induced, cleaved, and secreted into irisin, and irisin levels subsequently increased in the plasma during exercise. Interestingly, irisin was highly expressed in circulating EVs that effectively promoted adipose browning. Mechanistically, the circulating EV-irisin complex is transported intracellularly by the adipocyte membrane receptor integrin αV, which in turn activates the AMPK signaling pathway, which is dependent on mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 to cause mitochondrial plasmonic leakage and promote heat production. After inhibition of the AMPK signaling pathway, the effects of the EV-irisin on promoting fat browning were minimal. CONCLUSION Exercise leads to the accumulation of circulating EV-irisin, which enhances adipose energy metabolism and thermogenesis and promotes white fat browning in mice, leading to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Zeen Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Shusen Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
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14
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Yu L, Huang T, Liu S, Yu J, Hou M, Su S, Jiang T, Li X, Li Y, Damba T, Zhou L, Liang Y. The landscape of super-enhancer regulates remote target gene transcription through loop domains in adipose tissue of pig. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25725. [PMID: 38390098 PMCID: PMC10881545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A super-enhancer (SE) is a huge cluster of multiple enhancers that control the key genes for cell identity and function. The rise of advanced chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) technology such as Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) allows more SEs to be discovered. However, SE studies in Luchuan and Duroc pigs are very rare in animal husbandry. RESULTS We used the CUT&Tag technique to identify 145 and 378 SEs from the adipose tissues of Luchuan and Duroc pigs, respectively. There were significant differences in the peak coverage ratio of SE peaks in the gene promoter region between the two breeds. Not only that, peak signals at the start and end point of the SE peak profile showed obvious spikes. The proximal target genes of SE were highly expressed compared with the background genes and the typical enhancer target genes. Subsequently, in conjoint analysis with high-throughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C seq) data, we predicted the remote regulatory genes of SE and found that their expression level was related to the distance of SE extended to the loop's anchor, but not the length of loops. According to our prediction model, SEs can maintain promoter accessibility of partial remote target genes through loop domains. Finally, a batch of SEs closely related to fat metabolism traits were obtained by performing a coalition analysis of quantitative trait loci and SE data. CONCLUSIONS This work enabled us to obtain hundreds of SEs from Luchuan and Duroc pigs. Our model provides a new method for predicting the SE remote target genes based on loop domains, and to further explore the potential role of super-enhancer in the regulation of fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Tengda Huang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsu Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Menglong Hou
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Songtao Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yixing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Turtushikh Damba
- School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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15
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Sun Q, Xing X, Wang H, Wan K, Fan R, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Wang R. SCD1 is the critical signaling hub to mediate metabolic diseases: Mechanism and the development of its inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115586. [PMID: 38042113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, featured with dysregulated energy homeostasis, have become major global health challenges. Patients with metabolic diseases have high probability to manifest multiple complications in lipid metabolism, e.g. obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. Therefore, targeting the hub genes in lipid metabolism may systemically ameliorate the metabolic diseases, along with the complications. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1) is a key enzyme that desaturates the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) derived from de novo lipogenesis or diet to generate monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). SCD1 maintains the metabolic and tissue homeostasis by responding to, and integrating the multiple layers of endogenous stimuli, which is mediated by the synthesized MUFAs. It critically regulates a myriad of physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, development, autophagy, tumorigenesis and inflammation. Aberrant transcriptional and epigenetic activation of SCD1 regulates AMPK/ACC, SIRT1/PGC1α, NcDase/Wnt, etc, and causes aberrant lipid accumulation, thereby promoting the progression of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, diabetes and cancer. This review critically assesses the integrative mechanisms of the (patho)physiological functions of SCD1 in metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and autophagy. For translational perspective, potent SCD1 inhibitors have been developed to treat various types of cancer. We thus discuss the multidisciplinary advances that greatly accelerate the development of SCD1 new inhibitors. In conclusion, besides cancer treatment, SCD1 may serve as the promising target to combat multiple metabolic complications simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaorui Xing
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kang Wan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruobing Fan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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16
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Wu KC, Lin HW, Chu PC, Li CI, Kao HH, Lin CH, Cheng YJ. A non-invasive mouse model that recapitulates disuse-induced muscle atrophy in immobilized patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22201. [PMID: 38097709 PMCID: PMC10721881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Disuse muscle atrophy occurs consequent to prolonged limb immobility or bed rest, which represents an unmet medical need. As existing animal models of limb immobilization often cause skin erosion, edema, and other untoward effects, we here report an alternative method via thermoplastic immobilization of hindlimbs in mice. While significant decreases in the weight and fiber size were noted after 7 days of immobilization, no apparent skin erosion or edema was found. To shed light onto the molecular mechanism underlying this muscle wasting, we performed the next-generation sequencing analysis of gastrocnemius muscles from immobilized versus non-mobilized legs. Among a total of 55,487 genes analyzed, 787 genes were differentially expressed (> fourfold; 454 and 333 genes up- and down-regulated, respectively), which included genes associated with muscle tissue development, muscle system process, protein digestion and absorption, and inflammation-related signaling. From a clinical perspective, this model may help understand the molecular/cellular mechanism that drives muscle disuse and identify therapeutic strategies for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Chu
- Department of Cosmeceutics and Graduate Institute of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Han Kao
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Dr. Yu-Jung Cheng, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung City, 406040, Taiwan.
- Department of Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Wang W, Kong Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Tang C, Li J, Yang Q, Chen YQ, Zhu S. Identification of novel SCD1 inhibitor alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: critical role of liver-adipose axis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:268. [PMID: 37777801 PMCID: PMC10544195 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the complexity and incomplete understanding of the crosstalk between liver and adipose tissue, especially the processes of hepatic lipogenesis and adipogenic differentiation, there are currently no effective drugs for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), which is abundantly expressed in liver and adipose tissue, may mediate the cross-talk between liver and adipose tissue. Thus, it is essential to develop specific SCD1 inhibitors that target the liver-adipose axis. Herein, we identified a novel SCD1 inhibitor, E6446, through a high-throughput virtual screen. E6646 significantly inhibited adipogenic differentiation and hepatic lipogenesis via SCD1-ATF3 signaling. The SPR results showed that E6446 had a strong interaction ability with SCD1 (KD:4.61 μM). Additionally, E6646 significantly decreased hepatic steatosis, hepatic lipid droplet accumulation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Taken together, our findings not only suggest that E6446 can serve as a new, safe and highly effective anti-NAFLD agent for future clinical use but also provide a molecular basis for the future development of SCD1 inhibitors that inhibit both adipogenic differentiation and hepatic lipogenesis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yulin Kong
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinyou Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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18
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Siwakoti B, Lien TS, Lin YY, Pethaperumal S, Hung SC, Sun DS, Cheng CF, Chang HH. The Role of Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Metformin's Alleviation of Gastrointestinal Injury Induced by Restraint Stress in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10995. [PMID: 37446172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly used drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to its anti-diabetic property, evidence suggests more potential applications for metformin, such as antiaging, cellular protection, and anti-inflammation. Studies have reported that metformin activates pathways with anti-inflammatory effects, enhances the integrity of gut epithelial tight junctions, and promotes a healthy gut microbiome. These actions contribute to the protective effect of metformin against gastrointestinal (GI) tract injury. However, whether metformin plays a protective role in psychological-stress-associated GI tract injury remains elusive. We aim to elucidate the potential protective effect of metformin on the GI system and develop an effective intervention strategy to counteract GI injury induced by acute psychological stress. By monitoring the levels of GI-nonabsorbable Evans blue dye in the bloodstream, we assessed the progression of GI injury in live mice. Our findings demonstrate that the administration of metformin effectively mitigated GI leakage caused by psychological stress. The GI protective effect of metformin is more potent when used on wild-type mice than on activating-transcription-factor 3 (ATF3)-deficient (ATF3-/-) mice. As such, metformin-mediated rescue was conducted in an ATF3-dependent manner. In addition, metformin-mediated protection is associated with the induction of stress-induced GI mRNA expressions of the stress-induced genes ATF3 and AMP-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, metformin treatment-mediated protection of CD326+ GI epithelial cells against stress-induced apoptotic cell death was observed in wild-type but not in ATF3-/- mice. These results suggest that metformin plays a protective role in stress-induced GI injury and that ATF3 is an essential regulator for metformin-mediated rescue of stress-induced GI tract injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Siwakoti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - You-Yen Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Subhashree Pethaperumal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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19
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Ke H, Chen Z, Zhao X, Yang C, Luo T, Ou W, Wang L, Liu H. Research progress on activation transcription factor 3: A promising cardioprotective molecule. Life Sci 2023:121869. [PMID: 37355225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding family, can be induced by a variety of stresses. Numerous studies have indicated that ATF3 plays multiple roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiac dysfunctions. In past decades, ATF3 has been demonstrated to be detrimental to some cardiac diseases. Current studies have indicated that ATF3 can function as a cardioprotective molecule in antioxidative stress, lipid metabolic metabolism, energy metabolic regulation, and cell death modulation. To unveil the potential therapeutic role of ATF3 in cardiovascular diseases, we organized this review to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of ATF3 on cardiac dysfunction, which might provide rational evidence for the prevention and cure of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoteng Ke
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zexing Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xuanbin Zhao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wen Ou
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lizi Wang
- Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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20
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Tran TT, Huang WJ, Lin H, Chen HH. New Synthesized Activating Transcription Factor 3 Inducer SW20.1 Suppresses Resistin-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1509. [PMID: 37371606 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an emerging concern globally with increasing prevalence. Obesity is associated with many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and cancer. Thus, effective new antiobesity drugs should be urgently developed. We synthesized SW20.1, a compound that induces activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression. The results of Oil Red O staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that SW20.1 was more effective in reducing lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes than the previously synthesized ST32db, and that it inhibited the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that SW20.1 inhibited adipogenesis and lipogenesis by binding to the upstream promoter region of resistin at two sites (-2861/-2854 and -241/-234). In mice, the intraperitoneal administration of SW20.1 reduced body weight, white adipocyte weight in different regions, serum cholesterol levels, adipogenesis-related gene expression, hepatic steatosis, and serum resistin levels. Overall, SW20.1 exerts antiobesity effects by inhibiting resistin through the ATF3 pathway. Our study results indicate that SW20.1 is a promising therapeutic drug for diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu T Tran
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 241-17, Vietnam
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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21
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Chang YH, Lin H, Li HF, Chen HH, Hung HY. Exploration and biological evaluation of 7-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one as an activating transcription factor 3 inducer for managing metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114951. [PMID: 36455354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The induction of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was identified as a promising therapeutic mechanism to overcome metabolic syndrome. Hence, a structure-activity relationship campaign on the chiral lead (1b) was conducted with a scaffold-hopping approach, whereby achiral 7-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one (16c) was recognized as a potential ATF3 inducer with a lipid-lowering feature in a pre-differentiated 3T3-L1 cell model. Also, in a high-fat diet scenario, mice subjected to 16c demonstrated robust weight loss with shrinkage of the white adipose mass and fewer hypertrophic adipocytes, accompanied by a preferable glycemic profile compared to 1b. Additionally, the biochemical analysis revealed that 16c further ameliorated the liver function and improved the plasma triglyceride profile that were absent from mice treated with 1b. Taken together, 16c shows promise as an ATF3 stimulant for further development to alleviate metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Fen Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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Trivanović D, Labella R, Tratwal J, Bugarski D. Editorial: Regional and molecular fingerprint of adipogenesis in aging and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1095235. [PMID: 36684443 PMCID: PMC9849550 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1095235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Drenka Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,*Correspondence: Drenka Trivanović,
| | - Rossella Labella
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Wu J, Huang Y, Zhou X, Xiang Z, Yang Z, Meng D, Wu D, Zhang J, Yang J. ATF3 and its emerging role in atherosclerosis: a narrative review. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:926-942. [PMID: 36605071 PMCID: PMC9808109 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-22-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis (AS), is characterized by the subintima lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation inside the arterial wall, causing much mortality and morbidity worldwide. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a member of ATF/cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) family of transcription factors, which acts as a master regulator of adaptive response. Recent studies have indicated the implicated role of ATF3 in atherogenesis and AS progression due to its impact on metabolic disorder, vascular injury, plaque formation, and stability. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the mechanism of ATF3 activation and the contribution of ATF3 in AS, highlighting vascular intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of how ATF3 influences the pathology of AS. METHODS The relevant literature (from origin to March 2022) was retrieved through PubMed research to explore the regulatory mechanism of ATF3 and the specific role of ATF3 in AS. Only English publications were reviewed in this paper. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS ATF3 acts as a key regulator of AS progression, which not only directly affects atherosclerotic lesions by regulating vascular homeostasis, but also gets involved in AS through systemic glucolipid metabolism and inflammatory response. The two different promoters, transcript variants, and post-translational modification in distinct cell types partly contribute to the regulatory diversity of ATF3 in AS. CONCLUSIONS ATF3 is a crucial transcription regulatory factor during atherogenesis and AS progression. Gaining a better understanding of how ATF3 affects vascular, metabolic, and immune homeostasis would advance the progress of ATF3-targeted therapy in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Zujin Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Zishu Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Di Meng
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
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24
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Wang B, Yang X, Sun X, Liu J, Fu Y, Liu B, Qiu J, Lian J, Zhou J. ATF3 in atherosclerosis: a controversial transcription factor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1557-1568. [PMID: 36207452 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathophysiological basis of most malignant cardiovascular diseases, remains a global concern. Transcription factors play a key role in regulating cell function and disease progression in developmental signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Activated transcription factor (ATF) 3 is an adaptive response gene in the ATF/cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein family that acts as a transcription suppressor or activator by forming homodimers or heterodimers with other ATF/CREB members. Appropriate ATF3 expression is vital for normal physiological cell function. Notably, ATF3 exhibits distinct roles in vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and the liver, which will also be described in detail. This review provides a new perspective for atherosclerosis therapy by summarizing the mechanism of ATF3 in atherosclerosis, as well as the structure and pathophysiological properties of ATF3. KEY MESSAGES: • In endothelial cells, ATF3 overexpression aggravates oxidative stress and inflammation. • In macrophages and liver cells, ATF3 can act as a negative regulator of inflammation and promote cholesterol metabolism. • ATF3 can be used as a potential therapeutic factor in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China. .,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China.
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25
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Chi MH, Chao J, Ko CY, Huang SS. An Ethnopharmaceutical Study on the Hypolipidemic Formulae in Taiwan Issued by Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900693. [PMID: 36188612 PMCID: PMC9520573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately one-third of ischemic heart diseases are due to hyperlipidemia, which has been shown to cause various metabolic disorders. This study was aimed to disassemble and analyze hypolipidemic formulae sold by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies. Using commonly used statistical parameters in ethnopharmacology, we identified the core drug combination of the hypolipidemic formulae, thereby exploring the strategy by which the Taiwanese people select hypolipidemic drugs. Most important of all, we preserved the inherited knowledge of TCM. We visited 116 TCM pharmacies in Taiwan and collected 91 TCM formulae. The formulae were mainly disassembled by macroscopical identification, and the medicinal materials with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) >0.2 were defined as commonly used medicinal materials. Subsequently, we sorted the information of medicinal materials recorded in the Pharmacopeia, searched for modern pharmacological research on commonly used medicinal materials using PubMed database, and visualized data based on the statistical results. Finally, the core hypolipidemic medicinal materials used in folk medicine were obtained. Of the 91 TCM formulae collected in this study, 80 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were used, belonging to 43 families, predominantly Lamiaceae. Roots were the most commonly used part as a medicinal material. There were 17 commonly used medicinal materials. Based on medicinal records in Pharmacopeia, most flavors and properties were warm and pungent, the majority traditional effects were “tonifying and replenishing” and “blood-regulating.” Besides, the targeted diseases searching from modern pharmacological studies were diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The core medicinal materials consisted of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, and the core formulae were Bu-Yang-Huan-Wu-Tang and Xie-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang. In addition, 7 groups of folk misused medicinal materials were found. Although these TCMs have been used for a long period of time, their hypolipidemic mechanisms remain unclear, and further studies are needed to validate their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Han Chi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chao
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ko
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shyh-Shyun Huang,
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26
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Chou CL, Li CH, Fang TC. Benefits of Valsartan and Amlodipine in Lipolysis through PU.1 Inhibition in Fructose-Induced Adiposity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183759. [PMID: 36145135 PMCID: PMC9502698 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High fructose intake has been implicated in obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are related to increased cardiovascular mortality. However, few studies have experimentally examined the role of renin–angiotensin system blockers and calcium channel blockers (CCB) in obesity. We investigated the effects of valsartan (an angiotensin II receptor blocker) and amlodipine (a CCB) on lipolysis through the potential mechanism of PU.1 inhibition. We observed that high fructose concentrations significantly increased adipose size and triglyceride, monoacylglycerol lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), activating transcription factor 3 and PU.1 levels in adipocytes in vitro. Subsequently, PU.1 inhibitor treatment was able to reduce triglyceride, SCD1, and PU.1 levels. In addition, elevated levels of triglyceride and PU.1, stimulated by a high fructose concentration, decreased with valsartan and amlodipine treatment. Overall, these findings suggest that high fructose concentrations cause triacylglycerol storage in adipocytes through PU.1-mediated activation. Furthermore, valsartan and amlodipine treatment reduced triacylglycerol storage in adipocytes by inhibiting PU.1 activation in high fructose concentrations in vitro. Thus, the benefits of valsartan and amlodipine in lipolysis may be through PU.1 inhibition in fructose-induced adiposity, and PU.1 inhibition might have a potential therapeutic role in lipolysis in fructose-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2737-2181
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Huang HB, Cheng PK, Siao CY, Lo YTC, Chou WC, Huang PC. Mediation effects of thyroid function in the associations between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism in adults. Environ Health 2022; 21:61. [PMID: 35778735 PMCID: PMC9248169 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of industrial chemicals widely used in everyday products including cosmetics, food packaging and containers, plastics, and building materials. Previous studies have indicated that urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with metabolic effects including those on lipid metabolism, but the results are mixed. Furthermore, whether thyroid function mediates the association between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism remains unclear. In the present study, we explored whether changes in thyroid function markers mediate the associations between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism indicators in Taiwanese adults. The cross-sectional data were obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants conducted in 2013. Levels of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites, levels of 5 thyroid hormones, and 8 indicators of lipid metabolism were assessed in 222 Taiwanese adults. The relationships of urinary phthalate metabolite levels with serum thyroid hormone levels and lipid metabolism indicators were explored using multiple regression models. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of thyroid function in the association between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism. The metabolite of di(- 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHPm) exhibited a significant positive association with the lipid metabolite indicator of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; β = 0.059, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.009, 0.109) in adults, and the thyroid function indicator thyroxine (T4) had a significant negative association with the metabolite ∑DEHPm (β = - 0.059, 95% CI = - 0.101, - 0.016) and a significant negative association with HDL-C (β = - 0.284, 95% CI = - 0.440, - 0.128). The T4 indirect effect was 0.015 (95% CI = - 0.0087, 0.05), and the mediation effect was 32.2%. Our results support the assumption that exposure to phthalates influences the homeostasis of lipid metabolism by interfering with thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Bin Huang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Keng Cheng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Siao
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting C Lo
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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28
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Fonseca TL, Russo SC, Luongo C, Salvatore D, Bianco AC. Inactivation of Type 3 Deiodinase Results in Life-long Changes in the Brown Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in the Male Mouse. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac026. [PMID: 35238380 PMCID: PMC8988869 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis in small mammals and infants takes place in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Heat is produced via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated uncoupling between oxidation of energy substrates and adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays a role in this process. The deiodinases activate thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) (D2) or inactivate T4 and T3 to 3,3,5'-triiodothyronine and T2 (D3), respectively. Using a mouse model with selective inactivation of Dio3 in BAT (flox-Dio3 × UCP1-cre = BAT-D3KO), we now show that knocking out D3 resulted in premature exposure of developing brown adipocytes (embryonic days 16.5-18.5) to T3 signaling, leading to an earlier expression of key BAT genes, including Cidea, Cox8b, Dio2, Ucp1, and Pgc1α. Adult BAT-D3KO mice exhibited increased expression of 1591 genes as assessed by RNA sequencing, including 19 gene sets related to mitochondria, 8 related to fat, and 8 related to glucose homeostasis. The expression of 243 genes was changed by more than 1.5-fold, 36 of which play a role in metabolic/thermogenic processes. BAT-D3KO mice weigh less and exhibit smaller white adipocyte area, but maintain normal energy expenditure at room temperature (22 °C) and in the cold (4 °C). They also defend their core temperature more effectively and do not lose as much body weight when exposed to cold. We conclude that the coordinated actions of Dio3 in the embryonic BAT define the timing and intensity of T3 signaling during brown adipogenesis. Enhanced T3 signaling during BAT embryogenesis (Dio3 inactivation) results in selective life-long modifications in the BAT transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Samuel C Russo
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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29
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Wu YL, Lin H, Li HF, Don MJ, King PC, Chen HH. Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract and Individual Synthesized Component Derivatives Induce Activating-Transcription-Factor-3-Mediated Anti-Obesity Effects and Attenuate Obesity-Induced Metabolic Disorder by Suppressing C/EBPα in High-Fat-Induced Obese Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061022. [PMID: 35326476 PMCID: PMC8947163 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies indicate that Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SME) can improve cardiac and blood vessel function. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the effects (exerted through epigenetic regulation) of SME and newly derived single compounds, with the exception of tanshinone IIA and IB, on obesity-induced metabolic disorders. In this study, we administered SME or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as controls to male C57BL/J6 mice after they were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. SME treatment significantly reduced body weight, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride levels, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis/lipogenesis gene expression in treated mice compared with controls. Transcriptome array analysis revealed that the expression of numerous transcriptional factors, including activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and C/EBPα homologous protein (CHOP), was significantly higher in the SME group. ST32db, a novel synthetic derivative similar in structure to compounds from S. miltiorrhiza extract, ameliorates obesity and obesity-induced metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed wild-type mice but not ATF3−/− mice. ST32db treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes suppresses lipogenesis/adipogenesis through the ATF3 pathway to directly inhibit C/EBPα expression and indirectly inhibit the CHOP pathway. Overall, ST32db, a single compound modified from S. miltiorrhiza extract, has anti-obesity effects through ATF3-mediated C/EBPα downregulation and the CHOP pathway. Thus, SME and ST32db may reduce obesity and diabetes in mice, indicating the potential of both SME and ST32db as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Lin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (H.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (H.L.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-F.L.); (P.-C.K.)
| | - Hsiao-Fen Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-F.L.); (P.-C.K.)
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Chih King
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-F.L.); (P.-C.K.)
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-L.W.); (H.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-27372181-3903; Fax: 886-2-5558-9890
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30
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Chang HH, Sun DS. Emerging role of the itaconate-mediated rescue of cellular metabolic stress. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:134-138. [PMID: 35465285 PMCID: PMC9020237 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_79_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulations play vital roles on maintaining the homeostasis of our body. Evidence have suggested that ATF3 and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) are critical for maintaining cell function, metabolism, and inflammation/anti-inflammation regulations when cells are under stress, while the upstream regulators in the stressed cells remain elusive. Recent findings have shown that tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites such as itaconate and succinate are not just mitochondrial metabolites, but rather important signaling mediators, involving in the regulations of metabolism, immune modulation. Itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory role through regulating ATF3 and NRF2 pathways under stressed conditions. In addition, itaconate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase, succinate oxidation and thus blocking succinate-mediated inflammatory processes. These findings suggest itaconate-ATF3 and itaconate-NRF2 axes are well-coordinated machineries that facilitate the rescue against cellular stress. Here, we review these fascinating discoveries, a research field may help the development of more effective therapeutic approach to manage stress-induced inflammation, tissue damage, and metabolic disorder.
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Ku HC, Chan TY, Chung JF, Kao YH, Cheng CF. The ATF3 inducer protects against diet-induced obesity via suppressing adipocyte adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and browning. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112440. [PMID: 34839254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) inducer ST32db, a synthetic compound with a chemical structure similar to that of native Danshen compounds, exerts an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 white preadipocytes, D16 beige cells, and mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that ST32db inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by inhibiting adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene (and protein levels) and enhancing lipolysis-related gene (and protein levels) via the activation of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR)/PKA/p38, AMPK, and ERK pathways. Furthermore, ST32db inhibited triacylglycerol accumulation in D16 adipocytes by suppressing adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene (and protein levels) and upregulating browning gene expression by suppressing the β3-AR/PKA/p38, and AMPK pathways. Intraperitoneally injected ST32db (1 mg kg-1 twice weekly) inhibited body weight gain and reduced the weight of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), epididymal WAT (eWAT), and mesenteric WAT, with no effects on food intake by the obese mice. The adipocyte diameter and area of iWAT and eWAT were decreased in obese mice injected with ST32db compared with those administered only HFD. In addition, ST32db significantly suppressed adipogenesis and activated lipolysis, browning, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and β-oxidation-related pathways by suppressing the p38 pathway in the iWAT of the obese mice. These results indicated that the ATF3 inducer ST32db has therapeutic potential for reducing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yun Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fang Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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32
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Chuang DJ, Pethaperumal S, Siwakoti B, Chien HJ, Cheng CF, Hung SC, Lien TS, Sun DS, Chang HH. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Protects against Restraint Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3530. [PMID: 34944038 PMCID: PMC8700235 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases, which involve bidirectional communication of the GI and nerves systems. Acute stress leads to GI ulcers; however, the mechanism of the native cellular protection pathway, which safeguards tissue integrality and maintains GI homeostasis, remains to be investigated. In a mouse model of this study, restraint stress induced GI leakage, abnormal tight junction protein expression, and cell death of gut epithelial cells. The expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress-responsive transcription factor, is upregulated in the GI tissues of stressed animals. ATF3-deficient mice displayed an exacerbated phenotype of GI injuries. These results suggested that, in response to stress, ATF3 is part of the native cellular protective pathway in the GI system, which could be a molecular target for managing psychological stress-induced GI tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Jie Chuang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Subhashree Pethaperumal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Bijaya Siwakoti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
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Xu Y, Hu S, Jadhav K, Zhu Y, Pan X, Bawa FC, Yin L, Zhang Y. Hepatocytic Activating Transcription Factor 3 Protects Against Steatohepatitis via Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α. Diabetes 2021; 70:2506-2517. [PMID: 34475098 PMCID: PMC8564409 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been shown to play an important role in HDL metabolism; yet, the role of hepatocytic ATF3 in the development of steatohepatitis remains elusive. Here we show that adenoassociated virus-mediated overexpression of human ATF3 in hepatocytes prevents diet-induced steatohepatitis in C57BL/6 mice and reverses steatohepatitis in db/db mice. Conversely, global or hepatocyte-specific loss of ATF3 aggravates diet-induced steatohepatitis. Mechanistically, hepatocytic ATF3 induces hepatic lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation and inhibits inflammation and apoptosis. We further show that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is required for ATF3 to improve steatohepatitis. Thus, the current study indicates that ATF3 protects against steatohepatitis through, at least in part, hepatic HNF4α. Targeting hepatic ATF3 may be useful for treatment of steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Kavita Jadhav
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Fathima Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
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A functional genomics pipeline identifies pleiotropy and cross-tissue effects within obesity-associated GWAS loci. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5253. [PMID: 34489471 PMCID: PMC8421397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many disease-associated variants, yet mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. To understand obesity-associated variants, we generate gene regulatory annotations in adipocytes and hypothalamic neurons across cellular differentiation stages. We then test variants in 97 obesity-associated loci using a massively parallel reporter assay and identify putatively causal variants that display cell type specific or cross-tissue enhancer-modulating properties. Integrating these variants with gene regulatory information suggests genes that underlie obesity GWAS associations. We also investigate a complex genomic interval on 16p11.2 where two independent loci exhibit megabase-range, cross-locus chromatin interactions. We demonstrate that variants within these two loci regulate a shared gene set. Together, our data support a model where GWAS loci contain variants that alter enhancer activity across tissues, potentially with temporally restricted effects, to impact the expression of multiple genes. This complex model has broad implications for ongoing efforts to understand GWAS.
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35
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Serdan TDA, Masi LN, Pereira JNB, Rodrigues LE, Alecrim AL, Scervino MVM, Diniz VLS, Dos Santos AAC, Filho CPBS, Alba-Loureiro TC, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Bazotte RB, Gorjão R, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R, Hirabara SM. Impaired brown adipose tissue is differentially modulated in insulin-resistant obese wistar and type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112019. [PMID: 34403962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target to treat obesity and diabetes, dissipating energy as heat. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with obesogenic diets; however, T2D was also reported in lean individuals to be associated with genetic factors. We aimed to investigate the differences between obese and lean models of insulin resistance (IR) and elucidate the mechanism associated with BAT metabolism and dysfunction in different IR animal models: a genetic model (lean GK rats) and obese models (diet-induced obese Wistar rats) at 8 weeks of age fed a high-carbohydrate (HC), high-fat (HF) diet, or high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) diet for 8 weeks. At 15 weeks of age, BAT glucose uptake was evaluated by 18F-FDG PET under basal (saline administration) or stimulated condition (CL316,243, a selective β3-AR agonist). After CL316, 243 administrations, GK animals showed decreased glucose uptake compared to HC animals. At 16 weeks of age, the animals were euthanized, and the interscapular BAT was dissected for analysis. Histological analyses showed lower cell density in GK rats and higher adipocyte area compared to all groups, followed by HFHS and HF compared to HC. HFHS showed a decreased batokine FGF21 protein level compared to all groups. However, GK animals showed increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (CPT1 and CPT2), BAT metabolism (Sirt1 and Pgc1-α), and obesogenic genes (leptin and PAI-1) but decreased gene expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) compared to other groups. Our data suggest impaired BAT function in obese Wistar and GK rats, with evidence of a whitening process in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eduardo Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lins Alecrim
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Copper and lipid metabolism: A reciprocal relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129979. [PMID: 34364973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper and lipid metabolism are intimately linked, sharing a complex, inverse relationship in the periphery (outside of the central nervous system), which remains to be fully elucidated. SCOPE Copper and lipids have independently been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases involving dyslipidaemia, including obesity, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and also in Wilson disease, an inherited disorder of copper overload. Here we review the relationship between copper and lipid regulatory pathways, which are potential druggable targets for therapeutic intervention. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS While the inverse relationship between copper and lipids is apparent, tissue-specific roles for the copper regulatory protein, ATP7B provide further insight into the association between copper and lipid metabolism. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the relationship between copper and lipid metabolism is important for identifying druggable targets for diseases with disrupted copper and/or lipid metabolism; and may reveal similar connections within the brain and in neurological diseases with impaired copper and lipid transport.
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Fu P, Zhu R, Jia J, Hu Y, Wu C, Cieszczyk P, Holmberg HC, Gong L. Aerobic exercise promotes the functions of brown adipose tissue in obese mice via a mechanism involving COX2 in the VEGF signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:56. [PMID: 34082784 PMCID: PMC8176720 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity causes immune cells to infiltrate adipose tissue, leading to chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can dissipate the energy produced by lipid oxidation as heat, thereby counteracting obesity. Aerobic exercise activates BAT, but the specific underlying mechanism is still unclear. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into a normal diet control group (NC group) and HFD group (H group). After becoming obese, the animals in the H group were subdivided into a control group (HC group) and an exercise group (HE group, with treadmill training). After 4 weeks, the mRNA profile of BAT was determined, and then differentially expressed key genes and pathways were verified in vitro. Results Relative to the NC group, the genes upregulated in the HC group coded mainly for proteins involved in immune system progression and inflammatory and immune responses, while the downregulated genes regulated lipid metabolism and oxidation–reduction. Relative to the HC group, the genes upregulated in the HE group coded for glycolipid metabolism, while those that were downregulated were involved in cell death and apoptosis. VEGF and other signaling pathways were enhanced by aerobic exercise. Interaction analysis revealed that the gene encoding cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) of the VEGF signaling pathway is central to this process, which was verified by a sympathetic activator (isoprenaline hydrochloride) and COX2 inhibitor (NS-398). Conclusions In mice with HFD-induced obesity, four weeks of aerobic exercise elevated BAT mass and increased the expression of genes related to glycolipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory processes. Several pathways are involved, with COX2 in the VEGF signaling pathway playing a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Fu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road 48, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, Beilin District, Shaanxi, 710109, China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road 48, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Xuhui District, Wuxing Road 87, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jie Jia
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road 48, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road 48, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Hu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road 48, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology and IC Technology Key Lab of Liaoning, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Pawel Cieszczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, ul. Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum C5, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lijing Gong
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road 48, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Passos GR, Ghezzi AC, Antunes E, de Oliveira MG, Mónica FZ. The Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue on Prostate Function in Vascular-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626155. [PMID: 33643052 PMCID: PMC7908035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent worldwide. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the incidence of LUTS-BPH is higher in patients with vascular-related disorders such as in pelvic ischemia, obesity and diabetes as well as in the ageing population. Obesity is an important risk factor that predisposes to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders. Prospective studies showed that obese men are more likely to develop LUTS-BPH than non-obese men. Yet, men with greater waist circumferences were also at a greater risk of increased prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen than men with lower waist circumference. BPH is characterized by an enlarged prostate and increased smooth muscle tone, thus causing urinary symptoms. Data from experimental studies showed a significant increase in prostate and epididymal adipose tissue weight of obese mice when compared with lean mice. Adipose tissues that are in direct contact with specific organs have gained attention due to their potential paracrine role. The prostate gland is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which is believed to play a paracrine role by releasing growth factors, pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, contractile and anti-contractile substances that interfere in prostate reactivity and growth. Therefore, this review is divided into two main parts, one focusing on the role of adipokines in the context of obesity that can lead to LUTS/BPH and the second part focusing on the mediators released from PPAT and the possible pathways that may interfere in the prostate microenvironment.
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Nanduri R. Epigenetic Regulators of White Adipocyte Browning. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:3. [PMID: 34968255 PMCID: PMC8594687 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play an essential role in maintaining energy homeostasis in mammals. The primary function of white adipose tissue (WAT) is to store energy; for brown adipose tissue (BAT), primary function is to release fats in the form of heat. Dysfunctional or excess WAT can induce metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. Preadipocytes or adipocytes from WAT possess sufficient plasticity as they can transdifferentiate into brown-like beige adipocytes. Studies in both humans and rodents showed that brown and beige adipocytes could improve metabolic health and protect from metabolic disorders. Brown fat requires activation via exposure to cold or β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonists to protect from hypothermia. Considering the fact that the usage of β-AR agonists is still in question with their associated side effects, selective induction of WAT browning is therapeutically important instead of activating of BAT. Hence, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing white adipocyte browning is vital. At the same time, it is also essential to understand the factors that define white adipocyte identity and inhibit white adipocyte browning. This literature review is a comprehensive and focused update on the epigenetic regulators crucial for differentiation and browning of white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Nanduri
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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40
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Tung MC, Tsai KC, Fung KM, Don MJ, Tseng TS. Characterizing the structure-activity relationships of natural products, tanshinones, reveals their mode of action in inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2453-2461. [PMID: 35424194 PMCID: PMC8693659 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic non-receptor protein kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), is an attractive drug target in autoimmune, inflammatory disorder, and cancers indications. Here, we employed pharmacophore-based drug screening combined with biochemical assay and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify and characterize inhibitors targeting SYK. The built pharmacophore model, phar-TanI, successfully identified tanshinone (TanI (IC50 = 1.72 μM)) and its analogs (TanIIA (IC50 = 3.2 μM), ST32da (IC50 = 46 μM), and ST32db (IC50 = 51 μM)) which apparently attenuated the activities of SYK in vitro. Additionally, the MD simulations followed by Ligplot analyses revealed that TanI and TanIIA interfered SYK activity through binding deeply into the active site. Besides, TanI and TanIIA mainly interact with residues L377, A400, V433, M448, M450, A451, E452, L453, G454, P455, and L501, which are functional hotspots for structure-based inhibitor optimization against SYK. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) study of the identified SYK inhibitors demonstrated that the pharmacophore model, phar-TanI is reliable and precise in screening inhibitors against SYK. This study disclosed the structure-function relationships of tanshinones from Traditional Chinese Medicine (Danshen), revealing their binding site and mode of action in inhibiting SYK and provides applicability in developing new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Department of Stomatology, Tung's MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kit-Man Fung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
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Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids Synergistically Activate Browning Program in Human Adipocytes: Implications of AMPK- and PPAR-Mediated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249740. [PMID: 33371201 PMCID: PMC7766967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are phenolic compounds claimed to be responsible for the metabolic effects of coffee and tea consumption. Along with their structural similarities, they share common mechanisms such as activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of CA and CGA as co-treatment in human adipocytes. The molecular interactions of CA and CGA with key adipogenic transcription factors were simulated through an in silico molecular docking approach. The expression levels of white and brown adipocyte markers, as well as genes related to lipid metabolism, were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Mechanistically, the CA/CGA combination induced lipolysis, upregulated AMPK and browning gene expression and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at both transcriptional and protein levels. The gene expression profiles of the CA/CGA-co-treated adipocytes strongly resembled brown-like signatures. Major pathways identified included the AMPK- and PPAR-related signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that CA/CGA co-stimulation exerted a browning-inducing potential superior to that of either compound used alone which merits implementation in obesity management. Further, the obtained data provide additional insights on how CA and CGA modify adipocyte function, differentiation and lipid metabolism.
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Cold-Pressed Nigella Sativa Oil Standardized to 3% Thymoquinone Potentiates Omega-3 Protection against Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Markers of Insulin Resistance Accompanied with Conversion of White to Beige Fat in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060489. [PMID: 32512788 PMCID: PMC7346210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) results in adipocyte hypertrophy and chronic low-grade inflammation, which is the major cause of obesity-associated insulin resistance and consequent metabolic disease. The development of beige adipocytes in WAT (browning of WAT) increases energy expenditure and has been considered as a novel strategy to counteract obesity. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive quinone derived from the plant Nigella Sativa and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. Fish oil omega 3 (ω3) enhances both insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in obesity, but the involved mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of TQ and ω3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) on obesity-associated inflammation, markers of insulin resistance, and the metabolic effects of adipose tissue browning. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured to investigate the effects of TQ and ω3 on the browning of WAT. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), supplemented with 0.75% TQ, and 2% ω3 in combination for eight weeks. In 3T3-L1 cells, TQ and ω3 reduced lipid droplet size and increased hallmarks of beige adipocytes such as uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein expression, as well as increased the phosphorylation of Protein Kinase B (AKT) and insulin receptors. In the adipose tissue of HFD mice, TQ and ω3 treatment attenuated levels of inflammatory adipokines, Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (NOV/CCN3) and Twist related protein 2 (TWIST2), and diminished adipocyte hypoxia by decreasing HIF1α expression and hallmarks of beige adipocytes such as UCP1, PRDM16, FGF21, and mitochondrial biogenesis markers Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), Sirt1, and Mfn2. Increased 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation and HO-1 expression were observed in adipose with TQ and ω3 treatment, which led to increased pAKT and pIRS1 Ser307 expression. In addition to the adipose, TQ and ω3 also increased inflammation and markers of insulin sensitivity in the liver, as demonstrated by increased phosphorylated insulin receptor (pIR tyr972), insulin receptor beta (IRβ), UCP1, and pIRS1 Ser307 and reduced NOV/CCN3 expression. Our data demonstrate the enhanced browning of WAT from TQ treatment in combination with ω3, which may play an important role in decreasing obesity-associated insulin resistance and in reducing the chronic inflammatory state of obesity.
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Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Tiano L, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Nyawo TA, Louw J, Kappo AP, Muller CJ. Isoorientin ameliorates lipid accumulation by regulating fat browning in palmitate-exposed 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Metabol Open 2020; 6:100037. [PMID: 32812911 PMCID: PMC7424791 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of fat browning using natural bioactive products is regarded as one of the promising approaches to treat obesity and insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the physiological effects of isoorientin on glucose uptake and lipid accumulation in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To achieve this, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to 0.75 mM palmitate for 24 h, to induce insulin resistance, before treatment with 10 μM isoorientin or the comparative controls such as CL-316,243 (10 μM), pioglitazone (10 μM) and compound C (1 μM) for 4 h. Relevant bioassays and Western blot analysis were conducted on these insulin resistant cells. Our results showed that palmitate exposure could induce insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction as measured by reduction in glucose uptake and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters. However, treatment with isoorientin reversed these effects by improving glucose uptake, blocking lipid accumulation, and modulating the process of mitochondrial respiration. Mechanistically, isoorientin could mediate lipid metabolism by activating 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), while also effectively modulating the expression of genes involved in fat browning such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ/α and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). In conclusion, isoorientin impacts insulin resistance in vitro by improving glucose uptake and mitochondrial function, consistent to modulating the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism and fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Thembeka A. Nyawo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P. Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Christo J.F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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Verma N, Perie L, Mueller E. The mRNA levels of heat shock factor 1 are regulated by thermogenic signals via the cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF3. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5984-5994. [PMID: 32184357 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) regulates cellular adaptation to challenges such as heat shock and oxidative and proteotoxic stresses. We have recently reported a previously unappreciated role for HSF1 in the regulation of energy metabolism in fat tissues; however, whether HSF1 is differentially expressed in adipose depots and how its levels are regulated in fat tissues remain unclear. Here, we show that HSF1 levels are higher in brown and subcutaneous fat tissues than in those in the visceral depot and that HSF1 is more abundant in differentiated, thermogenic adipocytes. Gene expression experiments indicated that HSF1 is transcriptionally regulated in fat by agents that modulate cAMP levels, by cold exposure, and by pharmacological stimulation of β-adrenergic signaling. An in silico promoter analysis helped identify a putative response element for activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) at -258 to -250 base pairs from the HSF1 transcriptional start site, and electrophoretic mobility shift and ChIP assays confirmed ATF3 binding to this sequence. Furthermore, functional assays disclosed that ATF3 is necessary and sufficient for HSF1 regulation. Detailed gene expression analysis revealed that ATF3 is one of the most highly induced ATFs in thermogenic tissues of mice exposed to cold temperatures or treated with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 and that its expression is induced by modulators of cAMP levels in isolated adipocytes. To the best of our knowledge, our results show for the first time that HSF1 is transcriptionally controlled by ATF3 in response to classic stimuli that promote heat generation in thermogenic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Verma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Luce Perie
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Elisabetta Mueller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016.
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Ku HC, Cheng CF. Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:556. [PMID: 32922364 PMCID: PMC7457002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays vital roles in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. ATF3 acts as a hub of the cellular adaptive-response network. Multiple extracellular signals, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cytokines, chemokines, and LPS, are connected to ATF3 induction. The function of ATF3 as a regulator of metabolism and immunity has recently sparked intense attention. In this review, we describe how ATF3 can act as both a transcriptional activator and a repressor. We then focus on the role of ATF3 and ATF3-regulated signals in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. The roles of ATF3 in glucose metabolism and adipose tissue regulation are also explored. Next, we summarize how ATF3 regulates immunity and maintains normal host defense. In addition, we elaborate on the roles of ATF3 as a regulator of prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers. Further understanding of how ATF3 regulates signaling pathways involved in glucose metabolism, adipocyte metabolism, immuno-responsiveness, and oncogenesis in various cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers, is then provided. Finally, we demonstrate that ATF3 acts as a master regulator of metabolic homeostasis and, therefore, may be an appealing target for the treatment of metabolic dyshomeostasis, immune disorders, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Feng Cheng
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