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Huang CH, Chiu SY, Chou YC, Wu KJ. A refined Uni-vector prime editing system improves genome editing outcomes in mammalian cells. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300353. [PMID: 38403398 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Prime editing is an advanced technology in CRISPR/Cas research with increasing numbers of improved methodologies. The original multi-vector method hampers the efficiency and precision of prime editing and also has inherent difficulty in generating homozygous mutations in mammalian cells. To overcome these technical issues, we developed a Uni-vector prime editing system, wherein the major components for prime editing were constructed in all-in-one plasmids, pPE3-pPuro and pePEmax-pPuro. The Uni-vector prime editing plasmids enhance the editing efficiency of prime editing and improved the generation of homozygous mutated mammalian cell lines. The editing efficiency is dependent of the transfection efficiency. Remarkably, the Uni-vector ePE5max system achieved an impressive editing rate approximately 79% in average, even in cell lines that are traditionally difficult to transfect, such as FaDu cell line. Furthermore, it resulted in a high frequency of homozygous knocked-in cells, with a rate of 99% in HeLa and 85% in FaDu cells. Together, our Uni-vector approach simplifies the delivery of editing components and improves the editing efficiency, especially in cells with low transfection efficiency. This approach presents an advancement in the field of prime editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hui Huang
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ying Chiu
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Juey Wu
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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2
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Su WC, Chen ZY, Chang YS, Jeng KS, Le UNP, Chou YC, Kuo LL, Melano I, Jesse, Wang WJ, Song YC, Li SR, Hung MC, Lai MMC, Lin CW. Functional assessments of SARS-CoV-2 single-round infectious particles with variant-specific spike proteins on infectivity, drug sensitivity, and antibody neutralization. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105744. [PMID: 37944823 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Working with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is restricted to biosafety level III (BSL-3) laboratory. The study used a trans-complementation system consisting of virus-like particles (VLPs) and DNA-launched replicons to generate SARS-CoV-2 single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) with variant-specific spike (S) proteins. S gene of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain (SWH1) or Omicron BA.1 variant (SBA.1), along with the envelope (E) and membrane (M) genes, were cloned into a tricistronic vector, co-expressed in the cells to produce variant-specific S-VLPs. Additionally, the replicon of the WH1-like strain without S, E, M and accessory genes, was engineered under the control by a CMV promoter to produce self-replicating RNAs within VLP-producing cells, led to create SWH1- and SBA.1-based SARS-CoV-2 SRIPs. The SBA.1-based SRIP showed lower virus yield, replication, N protein expression, fusogenicity, and infectivity compared to SWH1-based SRIPs. SBA.1-based SRIP also exhibited intermediate resistance to neutralizing antibodies produced by SWH1-based vaccines, but were effective at infecting cells with low ACE2 expression. Importantly, both S-based SRIPs responded similarly to remdesivir and GC376, with EC50 values ranging from 0.17 to 1.46 μM, respectively. The study demonstrated that this trans-complementation system is a reliable and efficient tool for generating SARS-CoV-2 SRIPs with variant-specific S proteins. SARS-CoV-2 SRIPs, mimicking authentic live viruses, facilitate comprehensive analysis of variant-specific virological characteristics, including antibody neutralization, and drug sensitivity in non-BSL-3 laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; International Master's Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan; Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Zan-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Young-Sheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - King-Song Jeng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Uyen Nguyen Phuong Le
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan
| | - Li-Lan Kuo
- International Master's Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Ivonne Melano
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Jesse
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chyi Song
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Rong Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Michael M C Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan.
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Chou MC, Wang YH, Chen FY, Kung CY, Wu KP, Kuo JC, Chan SJ, Cheng ML, Lin CY, Chou YC, Ho MC, Firestine S, Huang JR, Chen RH. PAICS ubiquitination recruits UBAP2 to trigger phase separation for purinosome assembly. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4123-4140.e12. [PMID: 37848033 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Purinosomes serve as metabolons to enhance de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) efficiency through compartmentalizing DNPS enzymes during stressed conditions. However, the mechanism underpinning purinosome assembly and its pathophysiological functions remains elusive. Here, we show that K6-polyubiquitination of the DNPS enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS) by cullin-5/ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 11 (Cul5/ASB11)-based ubiquitin ligase plays a driving role in purinosome assembly. Upon several purinosome-inducing cues, ASB11 is upregulated by relieving the H3K9me3/HP1α-mediated transcriptional silencing, thus stimulating PAICS polyubiquitination. The polyubiquitinated PAICS recruits ubiquitin-associated protein 2 (UBAP2), a ubiquitin-binding protein with multiple stretches of intrinsically disordered regions, thereby inducing phase separation to trigger purinosome assembly for enhancing DNPS pathway flux. In human melanoma, ASB11 is highly expressed to facilitate a constitutive purinosome formation to which melanoma cells are addicted for supporting their proliferation, viability, and tumorigenesis in a xenograft model. Our study identifies a driving mechanism for purinosome assembly in response to cellular stresses and uncovers the impact of purinosome formation on human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chieh Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Yun Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Kung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Phon Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jou Chan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Steven Firestine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jie-Rong Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Cheng LT, Tan GYT, Chang FP, Wang CK, Chou YC, Hsu PH, Hwang-Verslues WW. Core clock gene BMAL1 and RNA-binding protein MEX3A collaboratively regulate Lgr5 expression in intestinal crypt cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17597. [PMID: 37845346 PMCID: PMC10579233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is highly regenerative. Rapidly proliferating LGR5+ crypt base columnar (CBC) cells are responsible for epithelial turnover needed to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Upon tissue damage, loss of LGR5+ CBCs can be compensated by activation of quiescent +4 intestinal stem cells (ISCs) or early progenitor cells to restore intestinal regeneration. LGR5+ CBC self-renewal and ISC conversion to LGR5+ cells are regulated by external signals originating from the ISC niche. In contrast, little is known about intrinsic regulatory mechanisms critical for maintenance of LGR5+ CBC homeostasis. We found that LGR5 expression in intestinal crypt cells is controlled by the circadian core clock gene BMAL1 and the BMAL1-regulated RNA-binding protein MEX3A. BMAL1 directly activated transcription of Mex3a. MEX3A in turn bound to and stabilized Lgr5 mRNA. Bmal1 depletion reduced Mex3a and Lgr5 expression and led to increased ferroptosis, which consequently decreased LGR5+ CBC numbers and increased the number of crypt cells expressing +4 ISC marker BMI1. Together, these findings reveal a BMAL1-centered intrinsic regulatory pathway that maintains LGR5 expression in the crypt cells and suggest a potential mechanism contributing to ISC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Grace Y T Tan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pei Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wendy W Hwang-Verslues
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Hsieh YT, Chen YC, Chou YC, Kuo PY, Yen YT, Tsai HW, Wang CR. Long noncoding RNA SNHG16 regulates TLR4-mediated autophagy and NETosis formation in alveolar hemorrhage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:78. [PMID: 37700342 PMCID: PMC10496234 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression with increased apoptosis has been demonstrated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with alveolar hemorrhage (AH). SNHG16, a lncRNA, can enhance pulmonary inflammation by sponging microRNAs, and upregulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression via stabilizing its mRNAs. TRAF6, a TLR4 downstream signal transducer, can induce autophagy and NETosis formation. In this study, we investigated whether SNHG16 could regulate TLR4-mediated autophagy and NETosis formation in SLE-associated AH. METHODS Expression of SNHG16, TLR4 and TRAF6 and cell death processes were examined in lung tissues and peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes from AH patients associated with SLE and other autoimmune diseases, and in the lungs and spleen from a pristane-induced C57BL/6 mouse AH model. SNHG16-overexpressed or -silenced alveolar and myelocytic cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 agonist, for analyzing autophagy and NETosis, respectively. Pristane-injected mice received the intra-pulmonary delivery of lentivirus (LV)-SNHG16 for overexpression and prophylactic/therapeutic infusion of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting SNHG16 to evaluate the effects on AH. Renal SNHG16 expression was also examined in lupus nephritis (LN) patients and a pristane-induced BALB/c mouse LN model. RESULTS Up-regulated SNHG16, TLR4 and TRAF6 expression with increased autophagy and NETosis was demonstrated in the SLE-AH lungs. In such patients, up-regulated SNHG16, TLR4 and TRAF6 expression was found in PB mononuclear cells with increased autophagy and in PB neutrophils with increased NETosis. There were up-regulated TLR4 expression and increased LPS-induced autophagy and NETosis in SNHG16-overexpressed cells, while down-regulated TLR4 expression and decreased LPS-induced autophagy and NETosis in SNHG16-silenced cells. Pristane-injected lung tissues had up-regulated SNHG16, TLR4/TRAF6 levels and increased in situ autophagy and NETosis formation. Intra-pulmonary LV-SNHG16 delivery enhanced AH through up-regulating TLR4/TRAF6 expression with increased cell death processes, while intra-pulmonary prophylactic and early therapeutic sh-SNHG16 delivery suppressed AH by down-regulating TLR4/TRAF6 expression with reduced such processes. In addition, there was decreased renal SNHG16 expression in LN patients and mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that lncRNA SNHG16 regulates TLR4-mediated autophagy and NETosis formation in the human and mouse AH lungs, and provide a therapeutic potential of intra-pulmonary delivery of shRNA targeting SNHG16 in this SLE-related lethal manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tung Hsieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Yen
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chrong-Reen Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Lu RM, Liang KH, Chiang HL, Hsu FF, Lin HT, Chen WY, Ke FY, Kumari M, Chou YC, Tao MH, Yi-Ling Lin, Wu HC. Broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 derived from mRNA-lipid nanoparticle-immunized mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15587. [PMID: 37090428 PMCID: PMC10111857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten human health worldwide as new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerge. Currently, the predominant circulating strains around the world are Omicron variants, which can evade many therapeutic antibodies. Thus, the development of new broadly neutralizing antibodies remains an urgent need. In this work, we address this need by using the mRNA-lipid nanoparticle immunization method to generate a set of Omicron-targeting monoclonal antibodies. Five of our novel K-RBD-mAbs show strong binding and neutralizing activities toward all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron). Notably, the epitopes of these five K-RBD-mAbs are overlapping and localized around Y453 and F486 of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). Chimeric derivatives of the five antibodies (K-RBD-chAbs) neutralize Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 with low IC50 values ranging from 5.7 to 12.9 ng/mL. Additionally, we performed antibody humanization on broadly neutralizing chimeric antibodies to create K-RBD-hAb-60 and -62, which still retain excellent neutralizing activity against Omicron. Our results collectively suggest that these five therapeutic antibodies may effectively combat current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Therefore, the antibodies can potentially be used as universal neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Min Lu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chiang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Fei Hsu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Ke
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Monika Kumari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang KYA, Chen X, Mohapatra A, Nguyen HTV, Schimanski L, Tan TK, Rijal P, Vester SK, Hills RA, Howarth M, Keeffe JR, Cohen AA, Kakutani LM, Wu YM, Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Chou YC, Bjorkman PJ, Townsend AR, Ma C. Structural basis for a conserved neutralization epitope on the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:311. [PMID: 36658148 PMCID: PMC9852238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We isolated a panel of neutralizing anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies elicited upon natural infection and vaccination and showed that they recognize an immunogenic patch on the internal surface of the core RBD, which faces inwards and is hidden in the "down" state. These antibodies broadly neutralize wild type (Wuhan-Hu-1) SARS-CoV-2, Beta and Delta variants and some are effective against other sarbecoviruses. We observed a continuum of partially overlapping antibody epitopes from lower to upper part of the inner face of the RBD and some antibodies extend towards the receptor-binding motif. The majority of antibodies are substantially compromised by three mutational hotspots (S371L/F, S373P and S375F) in the lower part of the Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 RBD. By contrast, antibody IY-2A induces a partial unfolding of this variable region and interacts with a conserved conformational epitope to tolerate all antigenic variations and neutralize diverse sarbecoviruses as well. This finding establishes that antibody recognition is not limited to the normal surface structures on the RBD. In conclusion, the delineation of functionally and structurally conserved RBD epitopes highlights potential vaccine and therapeutic candidates for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying A Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hong Thuy Vy Nguyen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan K Vester
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rory A Hills
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Jennifer R Keeffe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Alexander A Cohen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Leesa M Kakutani
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Yi-Min Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Alain R Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hsieh YT, Chou YC, Kuo PY, Tsai HW, Yen YT, Shiau AL, Wang CR. Down-regulated miR-146a expression with increased neutrophil extracellular traps and apoptosis formation in autoimmune-mediated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:62. [PMID: 36028828 PMCID: PMC9413930 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidences have suggested an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating cell death processes including NETosis and apoptosis. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs and increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and apoptosis participate in autoimmune-mediated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), mostly associated with pulmonary capillaritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. In particular, besides the inhibition of apoptosis, miR-146a can control innate and acquired immune responses, and regulate the toll-like receptor pathway through targeting TRAF6 to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines like IL-8, a NETosis inducer. METHODS Expression of miR-146a, TRAF6 and NETs were examined in peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs) and lung tissues from SLE-associated DAH patients, and in neutrophils and pristane-induced DAH lung tissues from C57BL/6 mice. To assess NETs formation, we examined NETosis-related DNAs morphology and crucial mediators including protein arginine deiminase 4 and citrullinated Histone 3. Expression of miR-146a and its endogenous RNA SNHG16 were studied in HL-60 promyelocytic cells and MLE-12 alveolar cells during NETosis and apoptosis processes, respectively. MiR-146a-overexpressed and CRISPR-Cas13d-mediated SNHG16-silenced HL-60 cells were investigated for NETosis. MiR-146a-overexpressed MLE-12 cells were analyzed for apoptosis. Pristane-injected mice received intra-pulmonary miR-146a delivery to evaluate therapeutic efficacy in DAH. RESULTS In DAH patients, there were down-regulated miR-146a levels with increased TRAF6 expression and PMA/LPS-induced NETosis in PBNs, and down-regulated miR-146a levels with increased TRAF6, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), IL-8, NETs and apoptosis expression in lung tissues. HMGB1-stimulated mouse neutrophils had down-regulated miR-146a levels with increased TRAF6, IL-8 and NETs expression. PMA-stimulated HL-60 cells had down-regulated miR-146a levels with enhanced NETosis. MiR-146a-overexpressed or SNHG16-silenced HL-60 cells showed reduced NETosis. Apoptotic MLE-12 cells had down-regulated miR-146a expression and increased HMGB1 release, while miR-146a-overexpressed MLE-12 cells showed reduced apoptosis and HMGB1 production. There were down-regulated miR-146a levels with increased TRAF6, HMGB1, IL-8, NETs and apoptosis expression in mouse DAH lung tissues. Intra-pulmonary miR-146a delivery could suppress DAH by reducing TRAF6, IL-8, NETs and apoptosis expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate firstly down-regulated pulmonary miR-146a levels with increased TRAF6 and IL-8 expression and NETs and apoptosis formation in autoimmune-mediated DAH, and implicate a therapeutic potential of intra-pulmonary miR-146a delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tung Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Departments of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Yen
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chrong-Reen Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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9
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Wang WJ, Chen Y, Su WC, Liu YY, Shen WJ, Chang WC, Huang ST, Lin CW, Wang YC, Yang CS, Hou MH, Chou YC, Wu YC, Wang SC, Hung MC. Peimine inhibits variants of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry via blocking the interaction between viral spike protein and ACE2. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14354. [PMID: 35894128 PMCID: PMC9353385 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been approved; however, variants of concern (VOCs) can evade vaccine protection. Therefore, developing small compound drugs that directly block the interaction between the viral spike glycoprotein and ACE2 is urgently needed to provide a complementary or alternative treatment for COVID-19 patients. We developed a viral infection assay to screen a library of approximately 126 small molecules and showed that peimine inhibits VOCs viral infections. In addition, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay showed that peimine suppresses the interaction of spike and ACE2. Molecular docking analysis revealed that peimine exhibits a higher binding affinity for variant spike proteins and is able to form hydrogen bonds with N501Y in the spike protein. These results suggest that peimine, a compound isolated from Fritillaria, may be a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, we identified a naturally derived compound of peimine, a major bioactive alkaloid extracted from Fritillaria, that could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) viral infection in 293T/ACE2 and Calu-3 lung cells. In addition, peimine blocks viral entry through interruption of spike and ACE2 interaction. Moreover, molecular docking analysis demonstrates that peimine has a higher binding affinity on N501Y in the spike protein. Furthermore, we found that Fritillaria significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. These results suggested that peimine and Fritillaria could be a potential functional drug and food for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Gradaute Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Su
- International Master's Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Liu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jou Shen
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Gradaute Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shin Yang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Gradaute Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Hou
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Gradaute Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- RNA Technology Platform and Gene Manipulation Core, Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Ph.D. Program, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Wu CS, Chiang HM, Chen Y, Chen CY, Chen HF, Su WC, Wang WJ, Chou YC, Chang WC, Wang SC, Hung MC. Prospects of Coffee Leaf against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4677-4689. [PMID: 35874948 PMCID: PMC9305275 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current climate, many countries are in dire need of effective preventive methods to curb the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The purpose of this research is to screen and explore natural plant extracts that have the potential to against SARS-CoV-2 and provide alternative options for SARS-CoV-2 prevention and hand sanitizer or spray-like disinfectants. We first used Spike-ACE2 ELISA and TMPRSS2 fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays to screen extracts from agricultural by-products from Taiwan with the potential to impede SARS-CoV-2 infection. Next, the SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-particles (Vpp) infection assay was tested to validate the effectiveness. We identified an extract from coffee leaf (Coffea Arabica), a natural plant that effectively inhibited wild-type SARS-CoV-2, and five Variants of Concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron strain) from entering host cells. In an attempt to apply coffee leaf extract for hand sanitizer or spray-like disinfectants, we designed a skin-like gelatin membrane experiment. We showed that the high concentration of coffee leaf extract on the skin surface could block SARS-CoV-2 into cells more potently than 75% Ethanol, a standard disinfectant to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Finally, LC-HRMS analysis was used to identify compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA), quinic acid, and mangiferin that are associated with an anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Our results demonstrated that coffee leaf extract, an agricultural by-product effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Vpp infection through an ACE2-dependent mechanism and may be utilized to develop products against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shiou Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,International Master's Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
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11
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Chen HF, Hsueh PR, Liu YY, Chen Y, Chang SY, Wang WJ, Wu CS, Tsai YM, Liu YS, Su WC, Chou YC, Hung MC. Disulfiram blocked cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 via inhibiting the interaction of spike protein and ACE2. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3333-3346. [PMID: 35968340 PMCID: PMC9360250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfiram is an FDA-approved drug that has been used to treat alcoholism and has demonstrated a wide range of anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral effects. In the global COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutics and vaccine development. According to recent studies, disulfiram can act as a potent SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitor by targeting multiple SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins to inhibit viral polyprotein cleavage and RNA replication. Currently, disulfiram is under evaluation in phase II clinical trials to treat COVID-19. With more and more variants of the SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, it becomes critical to know whether disulfiram can also inhibit viral entry into host cells for various variants and replication inhibition. Here, molecular and cellular biology assays demonstrated that disulfiram could interrupt viral spike protein binding with its receptor ACE2. By using the viral pseudo-particles (Vpps) of SARS-CoV-2, disulfiram also showed the potent activity to block viral entry in a cell-based assay against Vpps of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We further established a live virus model system to support the anti-viral entry activity of disulfiram with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Molecular docking revealed how disulfiram hindered the binding between the ACE2 and wild-type or mutated spike proteins. Thus, our results indicate that disulfiram has the capability to block viral entry activity of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Together with its known anti-replication of SARS-CoV-2, disulfiram may serve as an effective therapy against different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Liu
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Shiou Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaTaipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan
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12
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Lee IJ, Sun CP, Wu PY, Lan YH, Wang IH, Liu WC, Yuan JPY, Chang YW, Tseng SC, Tsung SI, Chou YC, Kumari M, Lin YS, Chen HF, Chen TY, Lin CC, Chiu CW, Hsieh CH, Chuang CY, Cheng CM, Lin HT, Chen WY, Hsu FF, Hong MH, Liao CC, Chang CS, Liang JJ, Ma HH, Chiang MT, Liao HN, Ko HY, Chen LY, Ko YA, Yu PY, Yang TJ, Chiang PC, Hsu ST, Lin YL, Lee CC, Wu HC, Tao MH. A booster dose of Delta × Omicron hybrid mRNA vaccine produced broadly neutralizing antibody against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:49. [PMID: 35799178 PMCID: PMC9261010 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants that feature increased transmission and immune escape, there is an urgent demand for a better vaccine design that will provide broader neutralizing efficacy. METHODS We report an mRNA-based vaccine using an engineered "hybrid" receptor binding domain (RBD) that contains all 16 point-mutations shown in the currently prevailing Omicron and Delta variants. RESULTS A booster dose of hybrid vaccine in mice previously immunized with wild-type RBD vaccine induced high titers of broadly neutralizing antibodies against all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). In naïve mice, hybrid vaccine generated strong Omicron-specific neutralizing antibodies as well as low but significant titers against other VOCs. Hybrid vaccine also elicited CD8+/IFN-γ+ T cell responses against a conserved T cell epitope present in wild type and all VOCs. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that inclusion of different antigenic mutations from various SARS-CoV-2 variants is a feasible approach to develop cross-protective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Tsung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Monika Kumari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Shiou Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Feng Chen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yen Chen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsuan Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Fei Hsu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsai Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ni Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Yu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jing Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chiang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Te Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chou Lee
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Chou YC. A physical mechanism underlying the torque generation of the bacterial flagellar motor. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2022; 45:34. [PMID: 35411441 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a physical mechanism underlying the torque generation of a bacterial flagellar motor (BFM), in which the torque for the rotation of the rotor can be generated from impulsive forces resulting from collisions between the randomly moving stator and rotor. The torque required for the rotation of the rotor may be generated through two coexisting mechanisms: mechanism (A), in which the stator collides with the rotor, whose rotation axis fluctuates asymmetrically, generating a torque in the direction of the rod, and mechanism (B), in which physical collisions between the stator and the asymmetric [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text] generate the torque in the direction of the rod. Mechanism (A) might be related the bidirectional rotation and the tumbling of the motion of the cell. Mechanism (B) might be related to occurrence of the steps in the time traces of the rotational angle, backward stepping or switching of the rotational direction, and the knee-shaped [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] relation. The above-mentioned characteristics of the rotation of BFM are reproduced in a model device designed to confirm the applicability of the proposed concept to real BFM. Moreover, a prediction of the disappearance of the knee-shaped [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] relation of the actual BFM at a high temperature is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chou
- Department of Physics, National TsingHua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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14
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Huang HY, Liao HY, Chen X, Wang SW, Cheng CW, Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Liu YM, Mohapatra A, Chen TH, Lo JM, Wu YM, Ma HH, Chang YH, Tsai HY, Chou YC, Hsueh YP, Tsai CY, Huang PY, Chang SY, Chao TL, Kao HC, Tsai YM, Chen YH, Wu CY, Jan JT, Cheng TJR, Lin KI, Ma C, Wong CH. Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein lacking glycan shields elicits enhanced protective responses in animal models. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm0899. [PMID: 35230146 PMCID: PMC9802656 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge to end the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to develop a broadly protective vaccine that elicits long-term immunity. As the key immunogen, the viral surface spike (S) protein is frequently mutated, and conserved epitopes are shielded by glycans. Here, we revealed that S protein glycosylation has site-differential effects on viral infectivity. We found that S protein generated by lung epithelial cells has glycoforms associated with increased infectivity. Compared to the fully glycosylated S protein, immunization of S protein with N-glycans trimmed to the mono-GlcNAc-decorated state (SMG) elicited stronger immune responses and better protection for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice against variants of concern (VOCs). In addition, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody was identified from SMG-immunized mice that could neutralize wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs with subpicomolar potency. Together, these results demonstrate that removal of glycan shields to better expose the conserved sequences has the potential to be an effective and simple approach for developing a broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,GIP-TRIAD Master’s Program in Agro-Biomedical Science, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Yo-Min Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer M. Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Yang Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Yi Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
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15
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Wang CY, Hwang KP, Kuo HK, Peng WJ, Shen YH, Kuo BS, Huang JH, Liu H, Ho YH, Lin F, Ding S, Liu Z, Wu HT, Huang CT, Lee YJ, Liu MC, Yang YC, Lu PL, Tsai HC, Lee CH, Shi ZY, Liu CE, Liao CH, Chang FY, Cheng HC, Wang FD, Hou KL, Cheng J, Wang MS, Yang YT, Chiu HC, Jiang MH, Shih HY, Shen HY, Chang PY, Lan YR, Chen CT, Lin YL, Liang JJ, Liao CC, Chou YC, Morris MK, Hanson CV, Guirakhoo F, Hellerstein M, Yu HJ, King CC, Kemp T, Heppner DG, Monath TP. A multitope SARS-COV-2 vaccine provides long-lasting B cell and T cell immunity against Delta and Omicron variants. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157707. [PMID: 35316221 PMCID: PMC9106357 DOI: 10.1172/jci157707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 are currently responsible for breakthrough infections due to waning immunity. We report phase I/II trial results of UB-612, a multitope subunit vaccine containing S1-RBD-sFc protein and rationally designed promiscuous peptides representing sarbecovirus conserved helper T cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes on the nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S2) proteins. Method We conducted a phase I primary 2-dose (28 days apart) trial of 10, 30, or 100 μg UB-612 in 60 healthy young adults 20 to 55 years old, and 50 of them were boosted with 100 μg of UB-612 approximately 7 to 9 months after the second dose. A separate placebo-controlled and randomized phase II study was conducted with 2 doses of 100 μg of UB-612 (n = 3,875, 18–85 years old). We evaluated interim safety and immunogenicity of phase I until 14 days after the third (booster) dose and of phase II until 28 days after the second dose. Results No vaccine-related serious adverse events were recorded. The most common solicited adverse events were injection site pain and fatigue, mostly mild and transient. In both trials, UB-612 elicited respective neutralizing antibody titers similar to a panel of human convalescent sera. The most striking findings were long-lasting virus-neutralizing antibodies and broad T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs), including Delta and Omicron, and a strong booster-recalled memory immunity with high cross-reactive neutralizing titers against the Delta and Omicron VoCs. Conclusion UB-612 has presented a favorable safety profile, potent booster effect against VoCs, and long-lasting B and broad T cell immunity that warrants further development for both primary immunization and heterologous boosting of other COVID-19 vaccines. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04545749, NCT04773067, and NCT04967742. Funding UBI Asia, Vaxxinity Inc., and Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kao-Pin Hwang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kai Kuo
- Designed Vaccine Translation Medical Center, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Peng
- Administrative Management Center, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Huei Shen
- Medical and Clinical Operation, StatPlus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Be-Sheng Kuo
- Preclinical and ImmunoPharmacology Center, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yu-Hsin Ho
- Regulatory Affairs, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Feng Lin
- R&D Center, United Bioimedical, Inc., Hauppauge, United States of America
| | - Shuang Ding
- R&D Center, United Biomedical, Inc., Hauppauge, United States of America
| | - Zhi Liu
- R&D Center, United Biomedical, Inc., Hauppauge, United States of America
| | | | - Ching-Tai Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yuarn-Jang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- R&D, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Yang
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chin Tsai
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yuan Shi
- Department of Medical Affairs, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Eng Liu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsing Liao
- Department of Medical Affairs, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Medical Affairs, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Der Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liang Hou
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Cheng
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Sheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Chiu
- Department of Medical Affairs, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Jiang
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Shih
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Shen
- Department of Clinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chang
- Department of Clinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Rou Lan
- Department of Preclinical Research, UBI Asia, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tian Chen
- Biostatistics and Data Management, StatPlus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (bioTReC) Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Department of Medical Affairs, Biomedical Translation Research Center (bioTReC) Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Department of Statistics, Biomedical Translation Research Center (bioTReC) Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mary Kate Morris
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, United States of America
| | - Carl V Hanson
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, United States of America
| | - Farshad Guirakhoo
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - Michael Hellerstein
- Department of Preclinical Research, Vaxxinity Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - Hui Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - Chwan-Chuen King
- Department of Medical, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tracy Kemp
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity, Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - D Gray Heppner
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity, Inc., Dallas, United States of America
| | - Thomas P Monath
- Department of Clinical Research, Vaxxinity, Inc., Dallas, United States of America
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16
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Wei SC, Hsu WT, Chiu CH, Chang FY, Lo HR, Liao CY, Yang HI, Chou YC, Tsai CH, Chao YC. An Integrated Platform for Serological Detection and Vaccination of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 12:771011. [PMID: 35003088 PMCID: PMC8734241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic. Detection and vaccination are essential for disease control, but they are distinct and complex operations that require significant improvements. Here, we developed an integrated detection and vaccination system to greatly simplify these efforts. We constructed recombinant baculoviruses to separately display the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Insect cells infected by the recombinant baculoviruses were used to generate a cell-based system to accurately detect patient serum. Notably, although well-recognized by our newly developed detection system in which S-displaying insect cells acted as antigen, anti-S antibodies from many patients were barely detectable by Western blot, evidencing that COVID-19 patients primarily produce conformation-dependent anti-S antibodies. Furthermore, the same baculovirus constructs can display N (N-Bac) or S (S-Bac) on the baculovirus envelope and serve as vector vaccines. Animal experiments show that S-Bac or N-Bac immunization in mice elicited a strong and specific antibody response, and S-Bac in particular stimulated effective neutralizing antibodies without the need for adjuvant. Our integrated system maintains antigen conformation and membrane structure to facilitate serum detection and antibody stimulation. Thus, compared with currently available technologies, our system represents a simplified and efficient platform for better SARS-CoV-2 detection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ru Lo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yu Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Nature Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Entomology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Liang KH, Chiang PY, Ko SH, Chou YC, Lu RM, Lin HT, Chen WY, Lin YL, Tao MH, Jan JT, Wu HC. Antibody cocktail effective against variants of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:80. [PMID: 34814920 PMCID: PMC8609252 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an RNA virus with a high mutation rate. Importantly, several currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants are associated with loss of efficacy for both vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. Methods We analyzed the binding activity of six highly potent antibodies to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants, assessed their neutralizing abilities with pseudovirus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants and evaluate efficacy of antibody cocktail in Delta SARS-CoV-2-infected hamster models as prophylactic and post-infection treatments. Results The tested RBD-chAbs, except RBD-chAb-25, maintained binding ability to spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, only RBD-chAb-45 and -51 retained neutralizing activities; RBD-chAb-1, -15, -25 and -28 exhibited diminished neutralization for all SARS-CoV-2 variants. Notably, several cocktails of our antibodies showed low IC50 values (3.35–27.06 ng/ml) against the SARS-CoV-2 variant pseudoviruses including United Kingdom variant B.1.1.7 (Alpha), South Africa variant B.1.351 (Beta), Brazil variant P1 (Gamma), California variant B.1.429 (Epsilon), New York variant B.1.526 (Iota), and India variants, B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). RBD-chAb-45, and -51 showed PRNT50 values 4.93–37.54 ng/ml when used as single treatments or in combination with RBD-chAb-15 or -28, according to plaque assays with authentic Alpha, Gamma and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, the antibody cocktail of RBD-chAb-15 and -45 exhibited potent prophylactic and therapeutic effects in Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant-infected hamsters. Conclusions The cocktail of RBD-chAbs exhibited potent neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants. These antibody cocktails are highly promising candidate tools for controlling new SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hao Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yin Chiang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Min Lu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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18
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Lien CE, Kuo TY, Lin YJ, Lian WC, Lin MY, Liu LTC, Cheng J, Chou YC, Chen C. Evaluating the Neutralizing Ability of a CpG-Adjuvanted S-2P Subunit Vaccine Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants of Concern. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1899-1905. [PMID: 34739037 PMCID: PMC9187310 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Variants of concern (VoCs) have the potential to diminish the neutralizing capacity of antibodies elicited by vaccines. MVC-COV1901 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine consisting of recombinant prefusion stabilized spike protein S-2P adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide. We explored the effectiveness of MVC-COV1901 against the VoCs. Methods Serum samples were taken from rats and phase 1 clinical trial human subjects immunized with a low, medium, or high dose of MVC-COV1901. The neutralizing titers of serum antibodies were assayed with pseudoviruses coated with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of the wild-type (WT), D614G, Alpha, or Beta variants. Results Rats vaccinated twice with vaccine containing high doses of antigen retained high levels of neutralization activity against the Beta variant, albeit with a slight reduction compared to WT. After the third dose, neutralizing titers against the Beta variant were noticeably enhanced regardless of the amount of antigen used for immunization. In humans, vaccinated phase 1 subjects still showed appreciable neutralization abilities against the D614G, Alpha, and Beta variants, although neutralizing titers were significantly reduced against the Beta variant. Conclusions Two doses of MVC-COV1901 were able to elicit neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants with an overall tendency of inducing higher immune response at a higher dose level. The neutralizing titers to the Beta variant in rats and humans were lower than those for WT and the Alpha variant. An additional third dose in rats was able to partially compensate for the reduction in neutralization against the Beta variant. We have demonstrated that immunization with MVC-COV1901 was effective against VoCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Yung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Lin
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lian
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Yun Lin
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Jinyi Cheng
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Chou YC, Yen YF, Chu DC, Hu HY. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency healthcare utilization: a cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574253 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Emergency department (ED) crowding is a burden on public health, so understanding the characteristics of frequent ED users is a key concern of the healthcare system and policy makers. This study aims to examine the characteristics and healthcare-seeking behaviors in frequent ED users before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted on ED users aged 18 years and over admitted to Taipei City Hospital in February 2019-January2020 (before pandemic) and February 2020-January2021 (during pandemic) (N = 120,011). Frequent and ED users were defined as patients with four or more ED visits in a year. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of frequent ED use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results
Monthly emergency department visits were significantly lower during the pandemic (by 10.1-26.8%). Frequent ED patients had shorter lengths of stay in the ED during the pandemic (212.5 vs.233.9 minutes; P < 0.0001). The proportion of ED patients receiving chest CT examination during the pandemic has increased by 0.5-0.6%. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, triage status, mode of arrival, and copayment exemption, patients with a triage status of level 4-5 (AOR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.13-2.28), diagnosis of pneumonia (AOR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.07-3.17), giddiness (AOR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.82-4.45), dyspnea (AOR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.00-3.39), or chronic kidney disease (AOR=5.05, 95% CI: 2.66-9.59) were more likely to be frequent ED visitors during the pandemic.
Conclusions
Since SAR-CoV-2 is highly contagious, it is imperative to educate non-emergent patients to utilize outpatient medical services rather than emergency medical services to reduce the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks at the ED.
Key messages
This study found that the utilization of emergent medical services during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased by 10.1%–26.8% compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. The lengths of stay in frequent ED users during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly shorter than that in frequent ED users before the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- YC Chou
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - YF Yen
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - DC Chu
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - HY Hu
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Hu HY, Cheng FS, Yen YF, Lin SY, Weng SH, Chou YC, Chu DC, Chen CC. Mask reuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey in Taiwan. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The use of masks is an effective measure to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection; however, mask reuse is not recommended. Studies examining the factors associated with mask reuse during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic are limited. This nationwide survey aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mask reuse among Taiwanese citizens during the pandemic.
Methods
From May 18 through May 31, 2020, a computer-assisted telephone interview system was used to randomly select Taiwanese citizens who were interviewed for COVID-19 preventive behaviors and knowledge on the usage of masks. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mask reuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyze the rate of mask reuse among participants before and during the pandemic.
Results
For a total of 1,075 participants, the overall mean age was 57.4 years, and 82.2% of participants reported mask reuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. After controlling for other covariates, participants who had a greater knowledge on mask usage or had a high supply of masks were less likely to reuse masks during the pandemic. GEE analysis showed that compared with the participants' mask wearing behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic, they were more likely to reuse masks during the pandemic.
Conclusions
The rate of mask reuse among the general population during the pandemic was significantly higher than that before the pandemic. Individuals were less likely to reuse masks if they had adequate knowledge on mask usage or had a high supply of masks. Since mask reuse is associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 due to the possibility of wearing SAS-CoV-2-contaminated masks, it is imperative to educate people on the correct usage of masks. Further, the government should provide sufficient masks to the general population to decrease the reuse of masks.
Key messages
Mask reuse increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the shortage in supply. It is imperative to educate people about the correct usage of masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- HY Hu
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - FS Cheng
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - YF Yen
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - SY Lin
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - SH Weng
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - YC Chou
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - DC Chu
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CC Chen
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Chang KH, Huang CY, Ou-Yang CH, Ho CH, Lin HY, Hsu CL, Chen YT, Chou YC, Chen YJ, Chen Y, Lin JL, Wang JK, Lin PW, Lin YR, Lin MH, Tseng CK, Lin CH. In vitro genome editing rescues parkinsonism phenotypes in induced pluripotent stem cells-derived dopaminergic neurons carrying LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:508. [PMID: 34551822 PMCID: PMC8456557 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The c.G6055A (p.G2019S) mutation in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most prevalent genetic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing by homology-directed repair (HDR) has been applied to correct the mutation but may create small insertions and deletions (indels) due to double-strand DNA breaks. Adenine base editors (ABEs) could convert targeted A·T to G·C in genomic DNA without double-strand breaks. However, the correction efficiency of ABE in LRRK2 c.G6055A (p.G2019S) mutation remains unknown yet. This study aimed to compare the mutation correction efficiencies and off-target effects between HDR and ABEs in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying LRRK2 c.G6055A (p.G2019S) mutation. Methods A set of mutation-corrected isogenic lines by editing the LRRK2 c.G6055A (p.G2019S) mutation in a PD patient-derived iPSC line using HDR or ABE were established. The mutation correction efficacies, off-target effects, and indels between HDR and ABE were compared. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses between the LRRK2 p.G2019S iPSCs and isogenic control cells were performed to identify novel molecular targets involved in LRRK2-parkinsonism pathways. Results ABE had a higher correction rate (13/53 clones, 24.5%) than HDR (3/47 clones, 6.4%). Twenty-seven HDR clones (57.4%), but no ABE clones, had deletions, though 14 ABE clones (26.4%) had off-target mutations. The corrected isogenic iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons exhibited reduced LRRK2 kinase activity, decreased phospho-α-synuclein expression, and mitigated neurite shrinkage and apoptosis. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified different gene expression patterns in energy metabolism, protein degradation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways between the mutant and isogenic control cells. Conclusions The results of this study envision that ABE could directly correct the pathogenic mutation in iPSCs for reversing disease-related phenotypes in neuropathology and exploring novel pathophysiological targets in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Huang
- The First Core Laboratory, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Ou-Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Ho
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Tzung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Li Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Kuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Lin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ru Lin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hsia Lin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kang Tseng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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22
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Kulkarni R, Chen WC, Lee Y, Kao CF, Hu SL, Ma HH, Jan JT, Liao CC, Liang JJ, Ko HY, Sun CP, Lin YS, Wang YC, Wei SC, Lin YL, Ma C, Chao YC, Chou YC, Chang W. Vaccinia virus-based vaccines confer protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Syrian hamsters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257191. [PMID: 34499677 PMCID: PMC8428573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 in humans is caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the beta family of coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory illness in 10-15% of infected individuals and mortality in 2-3%. Vaccines are urgently needed to prevent infection and to contain viral spread. Although several mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines are highly effective, their dependence on the "cold chain" transportation makes global vaccination a difficult task. In this context, a stable lyophilized vaccine may present certain advantages. Accordingly, establishing additional vaccine platforms remains vital to tackle SARS-CoV-2 and any future variants that may arise. Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been used to eradicate smallpox disease, and several attenuated viral strains with enhanced safety for human applications have been developed. We have generated two candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on two vaccinia viral strains, MVA and v-NY, that express full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Whereas MVA is growth-restricted in mammalian cells, the v-NY strain is replication-competent. We demonstrate that both candidate recombinant vaccines induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in C57BL/6 mice vaccinated according to prime-boost regimens. Furthermore, our vaccination regimens generated TH1-biased immune responses in mice. Most importantly, prime-boost vaccination of a Syrian hamster infection model with MVA-S and v-NY-S protected the hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting that these two vaccines are promising candidates for future development. Finally, our vaccination regimens generated neutralizing antibodies that partially cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kulkarni
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Defense Medical Center, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fei Kao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Shoiou Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Academi Sinica SPF Animal Facility, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chang
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Defense Medical Center, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Chen LC, Hsieh YL, Tan GYT, Kuo TY, Chou YC, Hsu PH, Hwang-Verslues WW. Differential effects of SUMO1 and SUMO2 on circadian protein PER2 stability and function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14431. [PMID: 34257372 PMCID: PMC8277905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification (PTM) of core circadian clock proteins, including Period2 (PER2), is required for proper circadian regulation. PER2 function is regulated by casein kinase 1 (CK1)-mediated phosphorylation and ubiquitination but little is known about other PER2 PTMs or their interaction with PER2 phosphorylation. We found that PER2 can be SUMOylated by both SUMO1 and SUMO2; however, SUMO1 versus SUMO2 conjugation had different effects on PER2 turnover and transcriptional suppressor function. SUMO2 conjugation facilitated PER2 interaction with β-TrCP leading to PER2 proteasomal degradation. In contrast, SUMO1 conjugation, mediated by E3 SUMO-protein ligase RanBP2, enhanced CK1-mediated PER2S662 phosphorylation, inhibited PER2 degradation and increased PER2 transcriptional suppressor function. PER2 K736 was critical for both SUMO1- and SUMO2-conjugation. A PER2K736R mutation was sufficient to alter PER2 protein oscillation and reduce PER2-mediated transcriptional suppression. Together, our data revealed that SUMO1 versus SUMO2 conjugation acts as a determinant of PER2 stability and function and thereby affects the circadian regulatory system and the expression of clock-controlled genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chih Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Lin Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Grace Y T Tan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Yun Kuo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wendy W Hwang-Verslues
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC.
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24
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Chen YC, Chou YC, Hsieh YT, Kuo PY, Yang ML, Chong HE, Wu CL, Shiau AL, Wang CR. Targeting Intra-Pulmonary P53-Dependent Long Non-Coding RNA Expression as a Therapeutic Intervention for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136948. [PMID: 34203338 PMCID: PMC8268786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with significant mortality, requiring a thorough understanding of its complex mechanisms to develop novel therapeutics for disease control. Activated p53-dependent apoptosis with dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression is involved in the SLE pathogenesis and correlated with clinical activity. We examined the expression of apoptosis-related p53-dependent lncRNA, including H19, HOTAIR and lincRNA-p21 in SLE-associated DAH patients. Increased lincRNA-p21 levels were detected in circulating mononuclear cells, mainly in CD4+ and CD14+ cells. Higher expression of p53, lincRNA-p21 and cell apoptosis was identified in lung tissues. Lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-transduced stable transfectants were created for examining the targeting efficacy in lncRNA. Under pristane stimulation, alveolar epithelial cells had increased p53, lincRNA-p21 and downstream Bax levels with elevated apoptotic ratios. After pristane injection, C57/BL6 mice developed DAH with increased pulmonary expression of p53, lincRNA-p21 and cell apoptosis. Intra-pulmonary delivery of shRNA targeting lincRNA-p21 reduced hemorrhage frequencies and improved anemia status through decreasing Bax expression and cell apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate increased p53-dependent lncRNA expression with accelerated cell apoptosis in the lungs of SLE-associated DAH patients, and show the therapeutic potential of targeting intra-pulmonary lncRNA expression in a pristane-induced model of DAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (H.-E.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600566, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tung Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (P.-Y.K.); (M.-L.Y.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Pin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (P.-Y.K.); (M.-L.Y.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Mei-Lin Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (P.-Y.K.); (M.-L.Y.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Hao-Earn Chong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (H.-E.C.)
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (P.-Y.K.); (M.-L.Y.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Chrong-Reen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (H.-E.C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (P.-Y.K.); (M.-L.Y.); (A.-L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5366)
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25
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Hsieh MH, Beirag N, Murugaiah V, Chou YC, Kuo WS, Kao HF, Madan T, Kishore U, Wang JY. Human Surfactant Protein D Binds Spike Protein and Acts as an Entry Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped Viral Particles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641360. [PMID: 34054808 PMCID: PMC8161545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human SP-D is a potent innate immune molecule whose presence at pulmonary mucosal surfaces allows its role in immune surveillance against pathogens. Higher levels of serum SP-D have been reported in the patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Studies have suggested the ability of human SP-D to recognise spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV; its interaction with HCoV-229E strain leads to viral inhibition in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. Previous studies have reported that a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) composed of 8 Gly-X-Y repeats, neck and CRD region, can act against a range of viral pathogens including influenza A Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. In this context, this study was aimed at examining the likely protective role of rfhSP-D against SARS-CoV-2 infection. rfhSP-D showed a dose-responsive binding to S1 spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its receptor binding domain. Importantly, rfhSP-D inhibited interaction of S1 protein with the HEK293T cells overexpressing human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). The protective role of rfhSP-D against SARS-CoV-2 infection as an entry inhibitor was further validated by the use of pseudotyped lentiviral particles expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein; ~0.5 RLU fold reduction in viral entry was seen following treatment with rfhSP-D (10 µg/ml). These results highlight the therapeutic potential of rfhSP-D in SARS-CoV-2 infection and merit pre-clinical studies in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nazar Beirag
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shuo Kuo
- Center for Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Kao
- Center for Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Center for Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Lai ZS, Yeh TK, Chou YC, Hsu T, Lu CT, Kung FC, Hsieh MY, Lin CH, Chen CT, James Shen CK, Jiaang WT. Potent and orally active purine-based fetal hemoglobin inducers for treating β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112938. [PMID: 33109398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression by therapeutic agents has been suggested as an alternative treatment to modulate anemia and the related symptoms of severe β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). Hydroxyurea (HU) is the first US FDA-approved HbF inducer for treating SCD. However, approximately 25% of the patients with SCD do not respond to HU. A previous study identified TN1 (1) as a small-molecule HbF inducer. However, this study found that the poor potency and oral bioavailability of compound 1 limits the development of this inducer for clinical use. To develop drug-like compounds, further structure-activity relationship studies on the purine-based structure of 1 were conducted. Herein, we report our discovery of a more potent inducer, compound 13a, that can efficiently induce γ-globin gene expression at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The molecular mechanism of 13a, for the regulation HbF expression, was also investigated. In addition, we demonstrated that oral administration of 13a can ameliorate anemia and the related symptoms in SCD mice. The results of this study suggest that 13a can be further developed as a novel agent for treating hemoglobinopathies, such as β-thalassemia and SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Sheng Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.7.Chung San South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli Country, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli Country, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Tai Lu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli Country, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fang-Chun Kung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli Country, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli Country, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Weir-Torn Jiaang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli Country, 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
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27
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Abstract
AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibits two major variants based on mutations of its spike protein, i.e., the D614 prototype and G614 variant. Although neurological symptoms have been frequently reported in patients, it is still unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 impairs neuronal activity or function. Here, we show that expression of both D614 and G614 spike proteins is sufficient to induce phenotypes of impaired neuronal morphology, including defective dendritic spines and shortened dendritic length. Using spike protein-specific monoclonal antibodies, we found that D614 and G614 spike proteins show differential S1/S2 cleavage and cell fusion efficiency. Our findings provide an explanation for higher transmission of the G614 variant and the neurological manifestations observed in COVID-19 patients.
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28
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Huang PH, Tsai HH, Liao BH, Lin YL, Jan JT, Tao MH, Chou YC, Hu CMJ, Chen HW. Neutralizing antibody response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:654-655. [PMID: 32991231 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1814098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine candidate is urgently needed for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Here we report that recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein immunization in mice is able to elicit a strong antibody response and potent neutralizing capability as measured using live or pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Han Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hung Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- RNAi Core Facility, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Chou YC. Mechanical mechanism for the translocation of hexameric and nonstructural helicases: Dependence on physical parameters. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2020; 43:21. [PMID: 32303848 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three recently observed facts of the translocation of actual hexameric and nonstructural (NS) helicases are related to the various physical quantities and are in accordance with the recently proposed mechanical mechanism: a) the translocation of hexameric helicases might be led by either the N-terminal domain (NTD) or C-terminal domain (CTD) depending on which domain has a smaller central pore, b) the translocation speed (vt) of the ring-shaped helicases and NS helicases decreased with decreasing applied tension, and c) a large difference in the vt of the NS helicase was observed for the helicase translocating on DNA and RNA. These findings are the effects of the physical quantities of the helicase/nuclei acid strands on the translocation of helicases and are difficult to explain with biochemical models. We predict that a similar behavior as described in b) and c) is also shown by hexameric helicases. The validity of the mechanical mechanism is demonstrated in simulation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chou
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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30
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Wu YC, Chen PY, Tsai SP, Tsai SF, Chou YC, Chiu CY. The effects of the class-wide function-related intervention teams on behaviors of an elementary student with autism spectrum disorder in an inclusive classroom in Taiwan. Int J Dev Disabil 2019; 65:368-377. [PMID: 34141360 PMCID: PMC8115489 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2019.1647031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Taiwan, most students with disabilities receive education in an inclusive setting. Literature has documented the effects of interventions in increasing students' positive behaviors in inclusive settings, including students with disabilities in Western countries; however, effectiveness of such interventions in an Asian context remains unclear. The Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is one of the interventions that applies reinforcement-based strategies and provides multi-tiered supports to students with various severity of challenging behaviors. This study investigates the effects of CW-FIT Tier I (i.e. class-wide intervention) and Tier II (i.e. self-management) on the on-task and disruptive behaviors of a student with Autism Spectrum Disorder in an inclusive elementary classroom in Taiwan. Across nine weeks of intervention, the researchers used a reversal single-case design A-B-C-B-C to demonstrate experimental control over five phases. In addition, the researchers administered interviews and questionnaires to collect social validity data from the teacher and peers' perceptions toward the intervention. Findings from this study support that the CW-FIT is an effective intervention in increasing a student's on-task behaviors and decreasing disruptive behaviors in an inclusive classroom in an Asian context. The effect of implementing multiple tiers of CW-FIT was much more effective than implementing solely Tier I (class-wide intervention). The intervention was also well-received by the general education teacher and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Wu
- Wenhua Elementary School, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chiu
- National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Chou YC. Observations of metastable states of the free swelling knots and directional motion of tensioned knots in vibrated bead chains. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2019; 42:79. [PMID: 31227934 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The free swelling of knots and the directional motion of knots under tension were studied in vertically vibrated bead chains. A metastable state of swelling was observed in the strongly vibrated two-end-free bead chains, as predicted by Grosberg and Rabin (Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 217801 (2007)). Knots in the two-end-fixed chains were found to move directionally. The direction of motion could be changed by flipping the knot over. The velocity of motion depended on the tension in the bead chain. The effects of tension on the motion of knots were studied in one-end-fixed chains. The directional reptation might have been influenced by the random motion of the leading arc of the knot. The knots might move in a forced-reptation manner under the interaction with a simulated translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chou
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, 300, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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32
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Kuo WY, Hsu HJ, Wu CY, Chen HS, Chou YC, Tsou YL, Peng HP, Jian JW, Yu CM, Chiu YK, Chen IC, Tung CP, Hsiao M, Lin CL, Wang YA, Wang AHJ, Yang AS. Antibody-drug conjugates with HER2-targeting antibodies from synthetic antibody libraries are highly potent against HER2-positive human gastric tumor in xenograft models. MAbs 2018; 11:153-165. [PMID: 30365359 PMCID: PMC6343809 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1541370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2-ECD (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 – extracellular domain) is a prominent therapeutic target validated for treating HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer, but HER2-specific therapeutic options for treating advanced gastric cancer remain limited. We have developed antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), comprising IgG1 linked via valine-citrulline to monomethyl auristatin E, with potential to treat HER2-positive gastric cancer in humans. The antibodies optimally selected from the ADC discovery platform, which was developed to discover antibody candidates suitable for immunoconjugates from synthetic antibody libraries designed using antibody-antigen interaction principles, were demonstrated to be superior immunoconjugate targeting modules in terms of efficacy and off-target toxicity. In comparison with the two control humanized antibodies (trastuzumab and H32) derived from murine antibody repertoires, the antibodies derived from the synthetic antibody libraries had enhanced receptor-mediated internalization rate, which could result in ADCs with optimal efficacies. Along with the ADCs, two other forms of immunoconjugates (scFv-PE38KDEL and IgG1-AL1-PE38KDEL) were used to test the antibodies for delivering cytotoxic payloads to xenograft tumor models in vivo and to cultured cells in vitro. The in vivo experiments with the three forms of immunoconjugates revealed minimal off-target toxicities of the selected antibodies from the synthetic antibody libraries; the off-target toxicities of the control antibodies could have resulted from the antibodies’ propensity to target the liver in the animal models. Our ADC discovery platform and the knowledge gained from our in vivo tests on xenograft models with the three forms of immunoconjugates could be useful to anyone developing optimal ADC cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ying Kuo
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Hsu
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- b Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sen Chen
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Liang Tsou
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Peng
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wei Jian
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan.,c Institute of Biomedical Informatics , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan.,d Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Yu
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Chiu
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ing-Chien Chen
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Tung
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Lin
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | | | - Andrew H-J Wang
- f Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - An-Suei Yang
- a Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
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33
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Chao CC, Wu PH, Huang HC, Chung HY, Chou YC, Cai BH, Kannagi R. Downregulation of miR-199a/b-5p is associated with GCNT2 induction upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1902-1917. [PMID: 28542779 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2), which encodes a key glycosyltransferase for blood group I antigen synthesis, is induced upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results indicate that GCNT2 is upregulated upon EMT induced with epidermal growth factor and basic FGF in cultured human colon cancer cells. GCNT2 knockdown or overexpression decreases or increases, respectively, malignancy-related characteristics of colon cancer cells and I antigen levels. MiR-199a/b-5p is markedly downregulated upon EMT in colon cancer cells. Here, we find that miR-199a/b-5p consistently regulates GCNT2 expression in reporter assays and that it binds directly to the GCNT2 3' untranslated region intracellularly in RNA-induced silencing complex-trap assays. Overexpression of miR-199a/b-5p decreases GCNT2 expression and suppresses I antigen production. Based on these findings, we propose that miR-199a/b-5p regulates GCNT2 and I antigen expression in colon cancer cells undergoing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,National RNAi Core Facility, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bi-He Cai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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Yao WL, Ikeda S, Tsukamoto Y, Shindo K, Otakaki Y, Qin M, Iwasawa Y, Takeuchi F, Kaname Y, Chou YC, Chang C, Watashi K, Wakita T, Noda T, Kato H, Fujita T. Establishment of a human hepatocellular cell line capable of maintaining long-term replication of hepatitis B virus. Int Immunol 2017; 29:109-120. [PMID: 28338936 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a virus whose replication cycle cannot be completely reproduced using cultured cell lines. Here, we report an engineered cell line capable of supporting the complete HBV life cycle. We generated HepG2 cells over-expressing the HBV entry receptor human NTCP (sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide), and defective in RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I)-like receptor signaling, by knocking down the IPS-1 (IFNβ-promoter stimulator-1) adaptor molecule. The resultant NtG20.i7 cells were susceptible to HBV, and its replication was detectable at 14 days post-infection and persisted for at least 35 days with a gradual increase of HBV core expression. The cells produced infectious HBV in the culture supernatant, and the addition of preS1 peptide myr47-WT, which blocks HBV entry, impaired the persistence of the infection. These findings suggest that the persistence of the infection was maintained by continuous release of infectious HBV virions and their re-infection. This system is useful for expanding our basic understanding of the HBV replication cycle and for screening of anti-HBV chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiko Shindo
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukie Otakaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mian Qin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Iwasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Kaname
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chungming Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- CREST, JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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35
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Chou YC, Hsiao YF, Hwang GJ, To K. Torque generation through the random movement of an asymmetric rotor: A potential rotational mechanism of the γ subunit of F(1)-ATPase. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:022408. [PMID: 26986363 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.022408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rotation of the γ subunit of F(1)-ATPase is stochastic, processive, unidirectional, reversible through an external torque, and stepwise with a slow rotation. We propose a mechanism that can explain these properties of the rotary molecular motor, and that can determine the direction of rotation. The asymmetric structures of the γ subunit, both at the tip of the shaft (C and N termini) and at the part (ε subunit) protruding from the α(3)β(3) subunits, are critical. The torque required for stochastic rotation is generated from the impulsive reactive force due to the random collisions between the γ subunit and the quasihexagonal α(3)β(3) subunits. The rotation is the result of the random motion of the confined asymmetric γ subunit. The steps originate from the chemical reactions of the γ subunit and physical interaction between the γ subunit and the flexible protrusions of the α(3)β(3) subunits. An external torque as well as a configurational modification in the γ subunit (the central rotor) can reverse the rotational direction. We demonstrate the applicability of the mechanism to a macroscopic simulation system, which has the essential ingredients of the F(1)-ATPase structure, by reproducing the dynamic properties of the rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chou
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Hsiao
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Gwo-Jen Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, St. John's University, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kiwing To
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinca, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Chen YF, Chong CL, Wu YC, Wang YL, Tsai KN, Kuo TM, Hong MH, Hu CP, Chen ML, Chou YC, Chang C. Doxorubicin Activates Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Elevation of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) and C/EBPα Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131743. [PMID: 26121644 PMCID: PMC4486450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus reactivation is an important medical issue in cancer patients who undergo systemic chemotherapy. Up to half of CHB carriers receiving chemotherapy develop hepatitis and among these cases a notable proportion are associated with HBV reactivation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) through which various chemotherapeutic agents induce HBV reactivation is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of the cell cycle regulator p21 (Waf1/Cip1) in the modulation of HBV replication when a common chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin, is present. We showed that p21 expression was increased by doxorubicin treatment. This elevation in p21 expression enhanced the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα); such an increase is likely to promote the binding of C/EBPα to the HBV promoter, which will contribute to the activation of HBV replication. Our current study thus reveals the mechanism underlying doxorubicin modulation of HBV replication and provides an increased understanding of HBV reactivation in CHB patients who are receiving systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Liew Chong
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern University College, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Chieh Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Nan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Min Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Po Hu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chungming Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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37
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Wang YL, Liou GG, Lin CH, Chen ML, Kuo TM, Tsai KN, Huang CC, Chen YL, Huang LR, Chou YC, Chang C. The inhibitory effect of the hepatitis B virus singly-spliced RNA-encoded p21.5 protein on HBV nucleocapsid formation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119625. [PMID: 25785443 PMCID: PMC4364729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest DNA virus and the major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. The 3.2 kb HBV viral genome generates four major species of unspliced viral transcript as well as several alternatively spliced RNAs. A 2.2 kb singly-spliced RNA is the most abundant spliced RNA and is widely expressed among all HBV genotypes. The expression of the singly-spliced RNA, as well as that of its encoded protein HBSP, is strongly associated with hepatopathology during HBV infection. Here, we report a novel inhibitory role of a p21.5 protein, which is encoded by a 2.2 kb singly-spliced RNA, in the modulation of HBV replication. We show that overexpression of the singly-spliced RNA is able to efficiently inhibit HBV replication. Furthermore, a mutation in the ATG start codon of the precore region completely abolishes the inhibitory effect of the singly-spliced RNA, indicating that a viral protein (p21.5) derived from the singly-spliced RNA is the mediator of the inhibition. Furthermore, p21.5 is able to form a homodimer that interacts with core dimers forming hybrid viral assembly components. Sucrose gradient fractionation revealed that co-expression of p21.5 resulted in a spread distribution pattern of core proteins ranging from low to high sucrose densities. When compared with p22, p21.5 is almost ten times more efficient at destabilizing HBV nucleocapsid assembly in Huh7 cells overexpressing either p21.5 or p22 protein. Moreover, in vivo expression of p21.5 protein by tail vein injection was found to decrease the amount of nucleocapsid in the livers of HBV-expressing BALB/c mice. In conclusion, our study reveals that the HBV 2.2 kb singly-spliced RNA encodes a 21.5 kDa viral protein that significantly interferes with the assembly of nucleocapsids during HBV nucleocapsid formation. These findings provide a possible strategy for elimination of HBV particles inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Gan-Guang Liou
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Min Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Nan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Choao Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Li-Rung Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CC); (YCC)
| | - Chungming Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CC); (YCC)
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38
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Chou YC, Lai MM, Wu YC, Hsu NC, Jeng KS, Su WC. Variations in genome-wide RNAi screens: lessons from influenza research. J Clin Bioinforma 2015; 5:2. [PMID: 25745555 PMCID: PMC4350949 DOI: 10.1186/s13336-015-0017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screening is an emerging and powerful technique for genetic screens, which can be divided into arrayed RNAi screen and pooled RNAi screen/selection based on different screening strategies. To date, several genome-wide RNAi screens have been successfully performed to identify host factors essential for influenza virus replication. However, the host factors identified by different research groups are not always consistent. Taking influenza virus screens as an example, we found that a number of screening parameters may directly or indirectly influence the primary hits identified by the screens. This review highlights the differences among the published genome-wide screening approaches and offers recommendations for performing a good pooled shRNA screen/selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chou
- National RNAi Core Facility Platform, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Michael Mc Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan ; Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Room 602, 6 F, Cancer Center Building, No. 6, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ; China Medical University, Room 602, 6 F, Cancer Center Building, No. 6, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- National RNAi Core Facility Platform, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chi Hsu
- National RNAi Core Facility Platform, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - King-Song Jeng
- National RNAi Core Facility Platform, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan ; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Su
- Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Room 602, 6 F, Cancer Center Building, No. 6, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan ; China Medical University, Room 602, 6 F, Cancer Center Building, No. 6, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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39
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Jeng PR, Chen K, Hwang GJ, Cho EY, Lien C, To K, Chou YC. Entropic force on granular chains self-extracting from one-dimensional confinement. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:024912. [PMID: 24437916 DOI: 10.1063/1.4861559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The entropic forces on the self-retracting granular chains, which are confined in channels with different widths, are determined. The time dependence of the length of chain remaining in the channel Lin(t) is measured. The entropic force is treated as the only parameter in fitting the solution of the nonlinear equation of motion of Lin(t) to the experimental data. The dependence of the entropic force on the width of the confining channel can be expressed as a power-law with an exponent of 1.3, which is consistent with the previous theoretical predictions for the entropy loss due to confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ren Jeng
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-chu 30042, Taiwan
| | - KuanHua Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30042, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-jen Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, St. John's University, Tamsui 25135, Taiwan
| | - Ethan Y Cho
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30042, Taiwan
| | - Chenhsin Lien
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-chu 30042, Taiwan
| | - Kiwing To
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chou
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30042, Taiwan
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Chang JT, Chen YC, Chou YC, Wang SR. Quantitative detection of residual porcine host cell DNA by real-time PCR. Biologicals 2014; 42:74-8. [PMID: 24394374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All biological products are derived from complex living systems and are often mixed with large numbers of impurities. For reasons of safety, residual host-cell DNA must be eliminated during processing. To assay host-cell DNA content in biopharmaceutical products derived from porcine sources, this study applies the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) method. The optimized assay in this study is based on the pol region of the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Assay validation results demonstrate that the proposed assay has appropriate accuracy, preciseness, reproducibility, and sensitivity. Primer and probe specificity are evaluated in real-time Q-PCR reactions using genomic DNA from rabbit, mouse, cat, hamster, monkey, human cell, yeast, and Escherichia coli as templates. The sensitivity of real-time Q-PCR is determined using genomic DNA from the porcine kidney cell line. The reliable detection range is within 0.5-10(5) pg/reaction. The limit of quantitation is 500 fg. The sensitivity of the assay meets the authority criterion. Moreover, the assay is applied to determine the level of host-cell DNA in recombinant human coagulation factor IX (rhFIX) from transgenic pigs. The real-time Q-PCR assay is thus a promising new tool for quantitative detection and clearance validation of residual porcine DNA when manufacturing recombinant therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Animal Technology Institute, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Animal Technology Institute, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
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41
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Chen YJ, Wu SY, Chen CC, Tsao YL, Hsu NC, Chou YC, Huang HL. Armillaria mellea component armillarikin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chan DC, Chang HM, Chou YC, Hsu SD, Liao GS, Chen TW, Hsieh CB, Chen CJ, Yu JC. Predictive risk factors for fracture at catheter of totally implantable venous access devices via subclavian vein insertion. J Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/1011-4564.139186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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43
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Huang CC, Kuo TM, Yeh CT, Hu CP, Chen YL, Tsai YL, Chen ML, Chou YC, Chang C. One single nucleotide difference alters the differential expression of spliced RNAs between HBV genotypes A and D. Virus Res 2013; 174:18-26. [PMID: 23501362 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is generally classified into eight genotypes (A to H) based on genomic sequence divergence. The sequence variation among the different HBV genotypes suggests that the spliced RNAs should be different from genotype to genotype. However, the cis-acting element involved in the modulation of the distinct expression profiles of spliced HBV RNAs remains unidentified. Moreover, the biological role of splicing in the life cycle of HBV is not yet understood. In this study, spliced RNAs generated from genotypes A and D were carefully characterized in transfected HepG2 cells. The species and frequency of the spliced RNAs were dramatically different in the two genotypes. Of note, a population of multiply spliced RNAs with intron 2067-2350 excision was identified in HBV genotype A-transfected HepG2 cells, but not in genotype D transfected HepG2 cells. Further, we found a single nucleotide difference (2335) located within the polypyrimidine tract of the splice acceptor site 2350 between the two genotypes, and a single base substitution at 2335 was able to convert the splicing pattern of genotype D (or genotype A) to that of genotype A (or genotype D). These findings suggest that different unique splice sites may be preferentially used in different HBV genotypes resulting in distinct populations of spliced RNAs. The possible significance of the distinct spliced RNAs generated from the different HBV genotypes in HBV infection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chiao Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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44
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Chen K, Chou YC, To K. Force generation by granular chains moving randomly on periodic ratchet plates. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 87:012711. [PMID: 23410363 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.012711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A variation of the Brownian ratchet mechanism for the force generated by the combination of the random motion and the ratchet structure is proposed and simulated with granular chains moving randomly on periodic ratchet plates. The present mechanism differs from the flashing ratchet model of the kinesin-microtubule molecular motor. When the bead chain bounces against the periodic ratchet, the chain as a whole will gain an impulse in the direction of the long side (the side with smaller slope). The observed behaviors of the simulating system, including (i) the force-velocity relation, (ii) the stall force as a function of the number of chains, (iii) the increase of velocity with the excitation, and (iv) the appearance of steps at low velocity and its distribution function, are similar to the corresponding ones of the kinesin-microtubule system.
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Affiliation(s)
- KuanHua Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
The effects of gate voltage on the translocation of DNA molecules through a nanopore are studied. A twenty-fold increase in the translocation time is observed with a positive gate voltage applied, without changing too much of the ionic current. The amplitude of the current blockage by the DNA molecules was reduced by roughly the same factor. At the same time, the number of the blocking events decreases significantly. The applied gate voltage also modulates the scatter plot of the amplitude of the current blockage against the dwell time. The observations are consistent with the recent theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-chun Yen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Hong MH, Chou YC, Wu YC, Tsai KN, Hu CP, Jeng KS, Chen ML, Chang C. Transforming growth factor-β1 suppresses hepatitis B virus replication by the reduction of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30360. [PMID: 22276183 PMCID: PMC3262823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that cytokine-mediated noncytopathic suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. In our previous study, we showed that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) could effectively suppress HBV replication at physiological concentrations. Here, we provide more evidence that TGF-β1 specifically diminishes HBV core promoter activity, which subsequently results in a reduction in the level of viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), core protein (HBc), nucleocapsid, and consequently suppresses HBV replication. The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF-4α) binding element(s) within the HBV core promoter region was characterized to be responsive for the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on HBV regulation. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β1 treatment significantly repressed HNF-4α expression at both mRNA and protein levels. We demonstrated that RNAi-mediated depletion of HNF-4α was sufficient to reduce HBc synthesis as TGF-β1 did. Prevention of HNF-4α degradation by treating with proteasome inhibitor MG132 also prevented the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1. Finally, we confirmed that HBV replication could be rescued by ectopic expression of HNF-4α in TGF-β1-treated cells. Our data clarify the mechanism by which TGF-β1 suppresses HBV replication, primarily through modulating the expression of HNF-4α gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Nan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-po Hu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - King-Song Jeng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chungming Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Chong CL, Chen ML, Wu YC, Tsai KN, Huang CC, Hu CP, Jeng KS, Chou YC, Chang C. Dynamics of HBV cccDNA expression and transcription in different cell growth phase. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:96. [PMID: 22208719 PMCID: PMC3262020 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The covalently closed-circular DNA (cccDNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with viral persistence in HBV-infected hepatocytes. However, the regulation of cccDNA and its transcription in the host cells at different growth stages is not well understood. Methods We took advantages of a stably HBV-producing cell line, 1.3ES2, and examine the dynamic changes of HBV cccDNA, viral transcripts, and viral replication intermediates in different cellular growth stages. Results In this study, we showed that cccDNA increased suddenly in the initial proliferation phase of cell growth, probably attributable to its nuclear replenishment by intracellular nucleocapsids. The amount of cccDNA then decreased dramatically in the cells during their exponential proliferation similar to the loss of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA during cell division, after which it accumulated gradually while the host cells grew to confluency. We found that cccDNA was reduced in dividing cells and could be removed when proliferating cells were subjected to long term of lamivudine (3TC) treatment. The amounts of viral replicative intermediates were rapidly reduced in these proliferating cells and were significantly increased after cells reaching confluency. The expression levels of viral transcripts were increased in parallel with the elevated expression of hepatic transcription factors (HNF4α, CEBPα, PPARα, etc.) during cell growth confluency. The HBV transcripts were transcribed from both integrated viral genome and cccDNA, however the transcriptional abilities of cccDNA was less efficient then that from integrated viral genome in all cell growth stages. We also noted increases in the accumulation of intracellular viral particles and the secretion of mature virions as the cells reached confluency and ceased to grow. Conclusions Based on the dynamics of HBV replication, we propose that HBV replication is modulated differently in the different stages of cell growth, and can be divided into three phases (initial proliferation phase, exponential proliferation phase and growth confluency phase) according to the cell growth curve. The regulation of cccDNA in different cell growth phase and its importance regarding HBV replication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Liew Chong
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
The kinetics of the collapse of the coil state into condensed states is studied with vibrated granular chain composed of N metal beads partially immersed in water. The radius of gyration of the chain, R(g) is measured. For short chains (N < 140), disk-like condensed state is formed and R(g) decreases with time such that the function ΔR(g)(2) (≡ R(g)(2) - R(g)(2)(∞)) = A e(-t/τ), where the relaxation time τ follows a power-law dependence on the chain length N with an exponent γ = 1.9 ± 0.2. For the chains with length N ≥ 300, rod-like clusters are observed during the initial stage of collapse and R(g)(2) = R(g)(2)(0) - Bt(β), with β = 0.6 ± 0.1. In the coarsening stage, the exponential dependence of ΔR(g)(2) on time still holds, however, the relaxation time τ fluctuates and has no simple dependence on N. Furthermore, the time dependence of the averaged radius of gyration of the individual clusters, R(g,cl) can be described by the theory of Lifshitz and Slyozov. A peak in the structure function of long chains is observed in the initial stage of the collapse transition. The collapse transition in the bead chains is a first order phase transition. However, features of the spinodal decomposition are also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ren Jeng
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-chu, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This survey study aims to examine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among primary older female family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). METHOD In total, 350 female family carers aged 55 and older took part and completed the interview in their homes. The survey package contained standardised scales to assess carer self-reported depressive symptoms, social support, caregiving burden and disease and health, as well as adult and carer sociodemographic information. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify the factors associated with high depressive symptoms in carers. RESULTS Between 64% and 72% of these carers were classified as having high depressive symptoms. The factors associated with carer self-reported depressive symptoms were carer physical health, social support and caregiving burden; overall, the carer self-reported physical health was a stronger factor associated with depressive symptoms than their physical disease status. The level of the adult with ID's behavioural functioning and the carer age, marital status, employment status, education level and the family income level were not significantly associated with carer depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The factors identified in this study as correlating with self-reported depressive symptoms suggest that researchers and mental health professionals should collaborate to help improve the physical health and social support networks of the most vulnerable older female family carers. This should reduce depressive symptoms directly among this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chou
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, Research Center for Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang-Ming University, Peitou, Taipei, Taiwan.
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50
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Chang JT, Chou YC, Lin MS, Wang SR. Inactivation strategy for pseudorabies virus in milk for production of biopharmaceuticals. Jpn J Vet Res 2010; 58:179-183. [PMID: 21180258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED By selecting pseudorabies virus (PrV) as a model virus, this study assessed the feasibility of applying viral inactivation strategies to manufacturing medicinal products from the milk of transgenic sows. The efficacy of heat, acidic/alkaline and detergent treatments was also evaluated with respect to their ability to inactivate PrV in milk samples. Experimental results indicate that PrV was inactivated obviously at least 7.125 log10 for 30 min at 60 degrees C. At alkaline values of pH 10 and acidic value of pH 4, PrV infectivity was reduced to 3.625 log10 and exceeded 5 log10, respectively. Moreover, PrV virus was inactivated efficiently (> 3.875 log10) by using 0.25-1% of Triton X-100 treatment and without a loss of biological activity of the recombinant human coagulation factor IX (rhFIX). RESULTS of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed detergent inactivation method for PrV inactivation of rhFIX production from transgenic products, especially in milk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Ting Chang
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, Chunan, Miaoli, ROC
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