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Lee IJ, Lan YH, Wu PY, Wu YW, Chen YH, Tseng SC, Kuo TJ, Sun CP, Jan JT, Ma HH, Liao CC, Liang JJ, Ko HY, Chang CS, Liu WC, Ko YA, Chen YH, Sie ZL, Tsung SI, Lin YL, Wang IH, Tao MH. A receptor-binding domain-based nanoparticle vaccine elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2149353. [PMID: 36395071 PMCID: PMC9793938 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2149353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous vaccines have been developed to address the current COVID-19 pandemic, but safety, cross-neutralizing efficacy, and long-term protectivity of currently approved vaccines are still important issues. In this study, we developed a subunit vaccine, ASD254, by using a nanoparticle vaccine platform to encapsulate the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein. As compared with the aluminum-adjuvant RBD vaccine, ASD254 induced higher titers of RBD-specific antibodies and generated 10- to 30-fold more neutralizing antibodies. Mice vaccinated with ASD254 showed protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with undetectable infectious viral loads and reduced typical lesions in lung. Besides, neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice lasted for at least one year and were effective against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Furthermore, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential of ASD254 remained stable after 8-month storage at 4°C. Thus, ASD254 is a promising nanoparticle vaccine with good immunogenicity and stability to be developed as an effective vaccine option in controlling upcoming waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jiun Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Lin Sie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Tsung
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Mi-Hua Tao Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei115, Taiwan
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2
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Yang CW, Hsu HY, Lee YZ, Jan JT, Chang SY, Lin YL, Yang RB, Chao TL, Liang JJ, Lin SJ, Liao CC, Chang CS, Sytwu HK, Hung MS, Chen CT, Lee SJ. Natural fucoidans inhibit coronaviruses by targeting viral spike protein and host cell furin. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115688. [PMID: 37481137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidans are a class of long chain sulfated polysaccharides and have multiple biological functions. Herein, four natural fucoidans extracted from Fucus vesiculosus, F. serratus, Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, were tested for their HCoV-OC43 inhibition and found to demonstrate EC50 values ranging from 0.15 to 0.61 µg/mL. That from U. pinnatifida exhibited the most potent anti-HCoV-OC43 activity with an EC50 value of 0.15 ± 0.02 µg/mL, a potency largely independent of its sulfate content. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of fucoidan-treated and untreated cells infected with HCoV-OC43 revealed that fucoidan treatment effectively diminished HCoV-OC43 gene expressions associated with induced chemokines, cytokines and viral activities. Further studies using a highly fucoidan-resistant HCoV-OC43 determined that fucoidan inhibited HCoV-OC43 infection via interfering with viral entry and led to the identification of the specific site on the N-terminal region of spike protein, that located adjacent to the host cell receptor binding domain, targeted by the virus. Furthermore, in a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay, fucoidan also blocked SARS-CoV-2 entry. In vitro and in vivo, fucoidan decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and inhibited viral infection in Calu-3 or Vero E6 cells and SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters, respectively. Fucoidan was also found to inhibit furin activity, and reported furin inhibitors were found to inhibit viral infection by wild type HCoV-OC43 or SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, we conclude that fucoidans inhibit coronaviral infection by targeting viral spike protein and host cell furin to interfere with viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yue-Zhi Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Jing Lin
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shiu Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiow-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.
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3
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Huang HC, Wang SH, Fang GC, Chou WC, Liao CC, Sun CP, Jan JT, Ma HH, Ko HY, Ko YA, Chiang MT, Liang JJ, Kuo CT, Lee TA, Morales-Scheihing D, Shen CY, Chen SY, McCullough LD, Cui L, Wernig G, Tao MH, Lin YL, Chang YM, Wang SP, Lai YJ, Li CW. Upregulation of PD-L1 by SARS-CoV-2 promotes immune evasion. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28478. [PMID: 36609964 PMCID: PMC10107526 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with severe COVID-19 often suffer from lymphopenia, which is linked to T-cell sequestration, cytokine storm, and mortality. However, it remains largely unknown how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces lymphopenia. Here, we studied the transcriptomic profile and epigenomic alterations involved in cytokine production by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. We adopted a reverse time-order gene coexpression network approach to analyze time-series RNA-sequencing data, revealing epigenetic modifications at the late stage of viral egress. Furthermore, we identified SARS-CoV-2-activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) pathways contributing to viral infection and COVID-19 severity through epigenetic analysis of H3K4me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Cross-referencing our transcriptomic and epigenomic data sets revealed that coupling NF-κB and IRF1 pathways mediate programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunosuppressive programs. Interestingly, we observed higher PD-L1 expression in Omicron-infected cells than SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Blocking PD-L1 at an early stage of virally-infected AAV-hACE2 mice significantly recovered lymphocyte counts and lowered inflammatory cytokine levels. Our findings indicate that targeting the SARS-CoV-2-mediated NF-κB and IRF1-PD-L1 axis may represent an alternative strategy to reduce COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Chen Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsai Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tse Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-An Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Diego Morales-Scheihing
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lu Cui
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gerlinde Wernig
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Translational Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Translational Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Juang YP, Chou YT, Lin RX, Ma HH, Chao TL, Jan JT, Chang SY, Liang PH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of niclosamide analogues against SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114295. [PMID: 35344901 PMCID: PMC8933873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Niclosamide, a widely-used anthelmintic drug, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 virus entry through TMEM16F inhibition and replication through autophagy induction, but the relatively high cytotoxicity and poor oral bioavailability limited its application. We synthesized 22 niclosamide analogues of which compound 5 was found to exhibit the best anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy (IC50 = 0.057 μ M) and compounds 6, 10, and 11 (IC50 = 0.39, 0.38, and 0.49 μ M, respectively) showed comparable efficacy to niclosamide. On the other hand, compounds 5, 6, 11 contained higher stability in human plasma and liver S9 enzymes assay than niclosamide, which could improve bioavailability and half-life when administered orally. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that compound 5 exhibited better activity in the reduction of phosphatidylserine externalization compared to niclosamide, which was related to TMEM16F inhibition. The AI-predicted protein structure of human TMEM16F protein was applied for molecular docking, revealing that 4'-NO2 of 5 formed hydrogen bonding with Arg809, which was blocked by 2'-Cl in the case of niclosamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pu Juang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Xian Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan,Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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5
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Huang HY, Liao HY, Chen X, Wang SW, Cheng CW, Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Liu YM, Mohapatra A, Chen TH, Lo JM, Wu YM, Ma HH, Chang YH, Tsai HY, Chou YC, Hsueh YP, Tsai CY, Huang PY, Chang SY, Chao TL, Kao HC, Tsai YM, Chen YH, Wu CY, Jan JT, Cheng TJR, Lin KI, Ma C, Wong CH. Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein lacking glycan shields elicits enhanced protective responses in animal models. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm0899. [PMID: 35230146 PMCID: PMC9802656 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge to end the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to develop a broadly protective vaccine that elicits long-term immunity. As the key immunogen, the viral surface spike (S) protein is frequently mutated, and conserved epitopes are shielded by glycans. Here, we revealed that S protein glycosylation has site-differential effects on viral infectivity. We found that S protein generated by lung epithelial cells has glycoforms associated with increased infectivity. Compared to the fully glycosylated S protein, immunization of S protein with N-glycans trimmed to the mono-GlcNAc-decorated state (SMG) elicited stronger immune responses and better protection for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice against variants of concern (VOCs). In addition, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody was identified from SMG-immunized mice that could neutralize wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs with subpicomolar potency. Together, these results demonstrate that removal of glycan shields to better expose the conserved sequences has the potential to be an effective and simple approach for developing a broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,GIP-TRIAD Master’s Program in Agro-Biomedical Science, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Yo-Min Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer M. Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Yang Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Yi Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
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6
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Wu CY, Cheng CW, Kung CC, Liao KS, Jan JT, Ma C, Wong CH. Glycosite-deleted mRNA of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a broad-spectrum vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119995119. [PMID: 35149556 PMCID: PMC8892489 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119995119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has emerged as an effective and speedy strategy to control the spread of new pathogens. After vaccination, the mRNA is translated into the real protein vaccine, and there is no need to manufacture the protein in vitro. However, the fate of mRNA and its posttranslational modification inside the cell may affect immune response. Here, we showed that the mRNA vaccine of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein with deletion of glycosites in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or especially the subunit 2 (S2) domain to expose more conserved epitopes elicited stronger antibody and CD8+ T cell responses with broader protection against the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron variants, compared to the unmodified mRNA. Immunization of such mRNA resulted in accumulation of misfolded spike protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, causing the up-regulation of BiP/GRP78, XBP1, and p-eIF2α to induce cell apoptosis and strong CD8+ T cell response. In addition, dendritic cells (DCs) incubated with S2-glysosite deleted mRNA vaccine increased class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) expression. This study provides a direction for the development of broad-spectrum mRNA vaccines which may not be achieved with the use of expressed proteins as antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- The Master Program of AI Application in Health Industry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Kung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
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7
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Tu IF, Lin TL, Yang FL, Lee IM, Tu WL, Liao JH, Ko TP, Wu WJ, Jan JT, Ho MR, Chou CY, Wang AHJ, Wu CY, Wang JT, Huang KF, Wu SH. Structural and biological insights into Klebsiella pneumoniae surface polysaccharide degradation by a bacteriophage K1 lyase: implications for clinical use. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:9. [PMID: 35130876 PMCID: PMC8822698 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background K1 capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae is the primary cause of pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) in Asia. Patients with PLA often have serious complications, ultimately leading to a mortality of ~ 5%. This K1 CPS has been reported as a promising target for development of glycoconjugate vaccines against K. pneumoniae infection. The pyruvylation and O-acetylation modifications on the K1 CPS are essential to the immune response induced by the CPS. To date, however, obtaining the fragments of K1 CPS that contain the pyruvylation and O-acetylation for generating glycoconjugate vaccines still remains a challenge. Methods We analyzed the digested CPS products with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to reveal a bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide depolymerase specific to K1 CPS. The biochemical and biophysical properties of the enzyme were characterized and its crystal structures containing bound CPS products were determined. We also performed site-directed mutagenesis, enzyme kinetic analysis, phage absorption and infectivity studies, and treatment of the K. pneumoniae-infected mice with the wild-type and mutant enzymes. Results We found a bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide lyase that depolymerizes the K1 CPS into fragments of 1–3 repeating trisaccharide units with the retention of the pyruvylation and O-acetylation, and thus the important antigenic determinants of intact K1 CPS. We also determined the 1.46-Å-resolution, product-bound crystal structure of the enzyme, revealing two distinct carbohydrate-binding sites in a trimeric β-helix architecture, which provide the first direct evidence for a second, non-catalytic, carbohydrate-binding site in bacteriophage-derived polysaccharide depolymerases. We demonstrate the tight interaction between the pyruvate moiety of K1 CPS and the enzyme in this second carbohydrate-binding site to be crucial to CPS depolymerization of the enzyme as well as phage absorption and infectivity. We also demonstrate that the enzyme is capable of protecting mice from K1 K. pneumoniae infection, even against a high challenge dose. Conclusions Our results provide insights into how the enzyme recognizes and depolymerizes the K1 CPS, and demonstrate the potential use of the protein not only as a therapeutic agent against K. pneumoniae, but also as a tool to prepare structurally-defined oligosaccharides for the generation of glycoconjugate vaccines against infections caused by this organism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00792-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiahn-Haur Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan‑Kang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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8
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Liang KH, Chiang PY, Ko SH, Chou YC, Lu RM, Lin HT, Chen WY, Lin YL, Tao MH, Jan JT, Wu HC. Antibody cocktail effective against variants of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:80. [PMID: 34814920 PMCID: PMC8609252 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an RNA virus with a high mutation rate. Importantly, several currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants are associated with loss of efficacy for both vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. Methods We analyzed the binding activity of six highly potent antibodies to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants, assessed their neutralizing abilities with pseudovirus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants and evaluate efficacy of antibody cocktail in Delta SARS-CoV-2-infected hamster models as prophylactic and post-infection treatments. Results The tested RBD-chAbs, except RBD-chAb-25, maintained binding ability to spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, only RBD-chAb-45 and -51 retained neutralizing activities; RBD-chAb-1, -15, -25 and -28 exhibited diminished neutralization for all SARS-CoV-2 variants. Notably, several cocktails of our antibodies showed low IC50 values (3.35–27.06 ng/ml) against the SARS-CoV-2 variant pseudoviruses including United Kingdom variant B.1.1.7 (Alpha), South Africa variant B.1.351 (Beta), Brazil variant P1 (Gamma), California variant B.1.429 (Epsilon), New York variant B.1.526 (Iota), and India variants, B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). RBD-chAb-45, and -51 showed PRNT50 values 4.93–37.54 ng/ml when used as single treatments or in combination with RBD-chAb-15 or -28, according to plaque assays with authentic Alpha, Gamma and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, the antibody cocktail of RBD-chAb-15 and -45 exhibited potent prophylactic and therapeutic effects in Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant-infected hamsters. Conclusions The cocktail of RBD-chAbs exhibited potent neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants. These antibody cocktails are highly promising candidate tools for controlling new SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hao Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yin Chiang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Min Lu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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9
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Su SC, Yang TJ, Yu PY, Liang KH, Chen WY, Yang CW, Lin HT, Wang MJ, Lu RM, Tso HC, Chung MJ, Hsieh TY, Chang YL, Lin SC, Hsu FY, Ke FY, Wu YH, Hwang YC, Liu IJ, Liang JJ, Liao CC, Ko HY, Sun CP, Wu PY, Jan JT, Chang YC, Lin YL, Tao MH, Hsu STD, Wu HC. Structure-guided antibody cocktail for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009704. [PMID: 34673836 PMCID: PMC8530329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of effective therapeutics for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic is a pressing global need. Neutralizing antibodies are known to be effective antivirals, as they can be rapidly deployed to prevent disease progression and can accelerate patient recovery without the need for fully developed host immunity. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a series of chimeric antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. Some of these antibodies exhibit exceptionally potent neutralization activities in vitro and in vivo, and the most potent of our antibodies target three distinct non-overlapping epitopes within the RBD. Cryo-electron microscopy analyses of two highly potent antibodies in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein suggested they may be particularly useful when combined in a cocktail therapy. The efficacy of this antibody cocktail was confirmed in SARS-CoV-2-infected mouse and hamster models as prophylactic and post-infection treatments. With the emergence of more contagious variants of SARS-CoV-2, cocktail antibody therapies hold great promise to control disease and prevent drug resistance. Effective approaches to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic are a pressing global need. One promising strategy is to combine neutralizing antibodies that can reduce viral load to prevent disease progression and accelerate patient recovery. However, the current supply of therapeutic antibodies for COVID-19 is insufficient to fill the enormous demand, and escape mutants may compromise the utility of existing drugs. Thus, there is an urgent worldwide need to develop highly potent neutralizing antibody cocktails. We generated a series of chimeric antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which potently neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and pseudovirus-based inhibition assay. These antibodies can be classified into three distinct groups based on their targets within the receptor-binding motif. Cryo-electron microscopy structural analyses of two representative receptor-binding domain-chimeric antibodies in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein further revealed two sets of non-overlapping epitopes, suggesting the potential for their combination in a therapeutic antibody cocktail. The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of these antibodies and their combination were demonstrated in SARS-CoV-2-infected mouse and hamster models. Thus, our potent neutralizing antibody cocktail has strong potential for development as an effective therapeutic drug to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jing Yang
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Yu
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Yang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Min Lu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Cheng Tso
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jhe Chung
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yang Hsieh
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chang Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Ke
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chyi Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-LL); (M-HT); (S-TDH); (H-CW)
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-LL); (M-HT); (S-TDH); (H-CW)
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-LL); (M-HT); (S-TDH); (H-CW)
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-LL); (M-HT); (S-TDH); (H-CW)
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10
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Kulkarni R, Chen WC, Lee Y, Kao CF, Hu SL, Ma HH, Jan JT, Liao CC, Liang JJ, Ko HY, Sun CP, Lin YS, Wang YC, Wei SC, Lin YL, Ma C, Chao YC, Chou YC, Chang W. Vaccinia virus-based vaccines confer protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Syrian hamsters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257191. [PMID: 34499677 PMCID: PMC8428573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 in humans is caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the beta family of coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory illness in 10-15% of infected individuals and mortality in 2-3%. Vaccines are urgently needed to prevent infection and to contain viral spread. Although several mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines are highly effective, their dependence on the "cold chain" transportation makes global vaccination a difficult task. In this context, a stable lyophilized vaccine may present certain advantages. Accordingly, establishing additional vaccine platforms remains vital to tackle SARS-CoV-2 and any future variants that may arise. Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been used to eradicate smallpox disease, and several attenuated viral strains with enhanced safety for human applications have been developed. We have generated two candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on two vaccinia viral strains, MVA and v-NY, that express full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Whereas MVA is growth-restricted in mammalian cells, the v-NY strain is replication-competent. We demonstrate that both candidate recombinant vaccines induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in C57BL/6 mice vaccinated according to prime-boost regimens. Furthermore, our vaccination regimens generated TH1-biased immune responses in mice. Most importantly, prime-boost vaccination of a Syrian hamster infection model with MVA-S and v-NY-S protected the hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting that these two vaccines are promising candidates for future development. Finally, our vaccination regimens generated neutralizing antibodies that partially cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kulkarni
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Defense Medical Center, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fei Kao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Shoiou Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Academi Sinica SPF Animal Facility, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chang
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Defense Medical Center, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Chen TH, Yang YL, Jan JT, Chen CC, Wu SC. Site-Specific Glycan-Masking/Unmasking Hemagglutinin Antigen Design to Elicit Broadly Neutralizing and Stem-Binding Antibodies Against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692700. [PMID: 34335603 PMCID: PMC8317614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses with the capability of transmission from birds to humans have a serious impact on public health. To date, HPAI H5N1 viruses have evolved into ten antigenically distinct clades that could cause a mismatch of vaccine strains and reduce vaccine efficacy. In this study, the glycan masking and unmasking strategies on hemagglutinin antigen were used for designing two antigens: H5-dm/st2 and H5-tm/st2, and investigated for their elicited immunity using two-dose recombinant H5 (rH5) immunization and a first-dose adenovirus vector prime, followed by a second-dose rH5 protein booster immunization. The H5-dm/st2 antigen was found to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against different H5N1 clade/subclade viruses, as well as more stem-binding antibodies to inhibit HA-facilitated membrane fusion activity. Mice immunized with the H5-dm/st2 antigen had a higher survival rate when challenged with homologous and heterologous clades of H5N1 viruses. Mutant influenza virus replaced with the H5-dm/st2 gene generated by reverse genetics (RG) technology amplified well in MDCK cells and embryonated chicken eggs. Again, the inactivated H5N1-dm/st2 RG virus elicited more potent cross-clade neutralizing and anti-fusion antibodies in sera. Therefore, the H5N1-dm/st2 RG virus with the site-specific glycan-masking on the globular head and the glycan-unmasking on the stem region of H5 antigen can be used for further development of cross-protective H5N1 vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/blood
- Chick Embryo
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dogs
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/administration & dosage
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Immunization
- Immunodominant Epitopes
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/blood
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Polysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Teaching Center of Natural Science, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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12
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Lien CE, Lin YJ, Chen C, Lian WC, Kuo TY, Campbell JD, Traquina P, Lin MY, Liu LTC, Chuang YS, Ko HY, Liao CC, Chen YH, Jan JT, Ma HH, Sun CP, Lin YS, Wu PY, Wang YC, Tao MH, Lin YL. CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8761. [PMID: 33888840 PMCID: PMC8062487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Rapid development and deployment of safe and effective vaccines are imperative to control the pandemic. In the current study, we applied our adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-2P)-based vaccine, MVC-COV1901, to hamster models to demonstrate immunogenicity and protection from virus challenge. Golden Syrian hamsters immunized intramuscularly with two injections of 1 µg or 5 µg of S-2P adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) were challenged intranasally with SARS-CoV-2. Prior to virus challenge, the vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies with 10,000-fold higher IgG level and an average of 50-fold higher pseudovirus neutralizing titers in either dose groups than vehicle or adjuvant control groups. Six days after infection, vaccinated hamsters did not display any weight loss associated with infection and had significantly reduced lung pathology and most importantly, lung viral load levels were reduced to lower than detection limit compared to unvaccinated animals. Vaccination with either 1 μg or 5 μg of adjuvanted S-2P produced comparable immunogenicity and protection from infection. This study builds upon our previous results to support the clinical development of MVC-COV1901 as a safe, highly immunogenic, and protective COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Lin
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Wei-Cheng Lian
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Yung Kuo
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Meei-Yun Lin
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Shan Chuang
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Shiou Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Jan JT, Cheng TJR, Juang YP, Ma HH, Wu YT, Yang WB, Cheng CW, Chen X, Chou TH, Shie JJ, Cheng WC, Chein RJ, Mao SS, Liang PH, Ma C, Hung SC, Wong CH. Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021579118. [PMID: 33452205 PMCID: PMC7865145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021579118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 50 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths worldwide as of November 2020. Currently, there are no effective antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration to contain this pandemic except the antiviral agent remdesivir. In addition, the trimeric spike protein on the viral surface is highly glycosylated and almost 200,000 variants with mutations at more than 1,000 positions in its 1,273 amino acid sequence were reported, posing a major challenge in the development of antibodies and vaccines. It is therefore urgently needed to have alternative and timely treatments for the disease. In this study, we used a cell-based infection assay to screen more than 3,000 agents used in humans and animals, including 2,855 small molecules and 190 traditional herbal medicines, and identified 15 active small molecules in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 50 μM. Two enzymatic assays, along with molecular modeling, were then developed to confirm those targeting the virus 3CL protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several water extracts of herbal medicines were active in the cell-based assay and could be further developed as plant-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Some of the active compounds identified in the screen were further tested in vivo, and it was found that mefloquine, nelfinavir, and extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (RF3), Perilla frutescens, and Mentha haplocalyx were effective in a challenge study using hamsters as disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Pu Juang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ta Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hung Chou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Shie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Shan Mao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | | | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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14
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Huang KYA, Tan TK, Chen TH, Huang CG, Harvey R, Hussain S, Chen CP, Harding A, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Liu X, Knight M, Schimanski L, Shih SR, Lin YC, Cheng CY, Cheng SH, Huang YC, Lin TY, Jan JT, Ma C, James W, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Rijal P, Townsend AR. Breadth and function of antibody response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009352. [PMID: 33635919 PMCID: PMC8130932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological and plasmablast responses and plasmablast-derived IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been analysed in three COVID-19 patients with different clinical severities. Potent humoral responses were detected within 3 weeks of onset of illness in all patients and the serological titre was elicited soon after or concomitantly with peripheral plasmablast response. An average of 13.7% and 3.5% of plasmablast-derived MAbs were reactive with virus spike glycoprotein or nucleocapsid, respectively. A subset of anti-spike (10 of 32) antibodies cross-reacted with other betacoronaviruses tested and harboured extensive somatic mutations, indicative of an expansion of memory B cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fourteen of 32 anti-spike MAbs, including five anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), three anti-non-RBD S1 and six anti-S2, neutralised wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in independent assays. Anti-RBD MAbs were further grouped into four cross-inhibiting clusters, of which six antibodies from three separate clusters blocked the binding of RBD to ACE2 and five were neutralising. All ACE2-blocking anti-RBD antibodies were isolated from two recovered patients with prolonged fever, which is compatible with substantial ACE2-blocking response in their sera. Finally, the identification of non-competing pairs of neutralising antibodies would offer potential templates for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Adam Harding
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney S. Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - John W. McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alain R. Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Yang CW, Lee YZ, Hsu HY, Jan JT, Lin YL, Chang SY, Peng TT, Yang RB, Liang JJ, Liao CC, Chao TL, Pang YH, Kao HC, Huang WZ, Lin JH, Chang CP, Niu GH, Wu SH, Sytwu HK, Chen CT, Lee SJ. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by Highly Potent Broad-Spectrum Anti-Coronaviral Tylophorine-Based Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:606097. [PMID: 33519469 PMCID: PMC7845692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.606097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tylophorine-based compounds and natural cardiotonic steroids (cardenolides and bufadienolides) are two classes of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus inhibitors, targeting viral RNA and host cell factors, respectively. We tested both types of compounds against two types of coronaviruses, to compare and contrast their antiviral properties, and with view to their further therapeutic development. Examples of both types of compounds potently inhibited the replication of both feline infectious peritonitis virus and human coronavirus OC43 with EC50 values of up to 8 and 16 nM, respectively. Strikingly, the tylophorine-based compounds tested inhibited viral yields of HCoV-OC43 to a much greater extent (7-8 log magnitudes of p.f.u./ml) than the cardiotonic steroids (about 2-3 log magnitudes of p.f.u./ml), as determined by end point assays. Based on these results, three tylophorine-based compounds were further examined for their anti-viral activities on two other human coronaviruses, HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2. These three tylophorine-based compounds inhibited HCoV-229E with EC50 values of up to 6.5 nM, inhibited viral yields of HCoV-229E by 6-7 log magnitudes of p.f.u./ml, and were also found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 values of up to 2.5-14 nM. In conclusion, tylophorine-based compounds are potent, broad-spectrum inhibitors of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, and could be used for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Zhi Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Peng
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hau Pang
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Zheng Huang
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Horng Lin
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ping Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Hao Niu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Huei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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16
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Tang N, Lu CY, Sue SC, Chen TH, Jan JT, Huang MH, Huang CH, Chen CC, Chiang BL, Huang LM, Wu SC. Type IIb Heat Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit as a Mucosal Adjuvant to Enhance Protective Immunity against H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040710. [PMID: 33266210 PMCID: PMC7768441 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses persist as a major global health concern. Vaccination remains the primary protective strategy against H5N1 and other novel avian influenza virus infections. We investigated the use of E. coli type IIb heat labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTIIb-B5) as a mucosal adjuvant for intranasal immunizations with recombinant HA proteins against H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Use of LTIIb-B5 adjuvant elicited more potent IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody titers in both sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, thus increasing protection against lethal virus challenges. LTIIb-B5 mucosal adjuvanticity was found to trigger stronger Th17 cellular response in spleen lymphocytes and cervical lymph nodes. Studies of anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody depletion and IL-17A knockout mice also suggest the contribution from Th17 cellular response to anti-H5N1 protective immunity. Our results indicate a link between improved protection against H5N1 live virus challenges and increased Th17 response due to the use of LTIIb-B5 mucosal adjuvant with HA subunit proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neos Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (N.T.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Yi Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-L.C.); (L.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Che Sue
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (N.T.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Chu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Teaching Center of Natural Science, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu 202301, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-L.C.); (L.-M.H.)
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-L.C.); (L.-M.H.)
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (N.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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17
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Tsai KC, Huang YC, Liaw CC, Tsai CI, Chiou CT, Lin CJ, Wei WC, Lin SJS, Tseng YH, Yeh KM, Lin YL, Jan JT, Liang JJ, Liao CC, Chiou WF, Kuo YH, Lee SM, Lee MY, Su YC. A traditional Chinese medicine formula NRICM101 to target COVID-19 through multiple pathways: A bedside-to-bench study. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111037. [PMID: 33249281 PMCID: PMC7676327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global pandemic, with over 50 million confirmed cases and 1.2 million deaths as of November 11, 2020. No therapies or vaccines so far are recommended to treat or prevent the new coronavirus. A novel traditional Chinese medicine formula, Taiwan Chingguan Yihau (NRICM101), has been administered to patients with COVID-19 in Taiwan since April 2020. Its clinical outcomes and pharmacology have been evaluated. Among 33 patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted in two medical centers, those (n = 12) who were older, sicker, with more co-existing conditions and showing no improvement after 21 days of hospitalization were given NRICM101. They achieved 3 consecutive negative results within a median of 9 days and reported no adverse events. Pharmacological assays demonstrated the effects of the formula in inhibiting the spike protein/ACE2 interaction, 3CL protease activity, viral plaque formation, and production of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. This bedside-to-bench study suggests that NRICM101 may disrupt disease progression through its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, offering promise as a multi-target agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.155-1, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chia Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.155-1, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-I Tsai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Seatwen District, Taichung 407204, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.155-1, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Jung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chi Wei
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.155-1, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Sunny Jui-Shan Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hwei Tseng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.155-1, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Ming Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Fei Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.155-1, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.155-1, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Shen-Ming Lee
- Department of Statistic, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen District, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yung Lee
- Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung, No. 200, Section 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 43301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chang Su
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.155-1, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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18
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Huang PH, Tsai HH, Liao BH, Lin YL, Jan JT, Tao MH, Chou YC, Hu CMJ, Chen HW. Neutralizing antibody response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:654-655. [PMID: 32991231 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1814098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine candidate is urgently needed for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Here we report that recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein immunization in mice is able to elicit a strong antibody response and potent neutralizing capability as measured using live or pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Han Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hung Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- RNAi Core Facility, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Liu YM, Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Chen X, Chen TH, Liao KS, Lo JM, Wu YM, Ho MC, Wu CY, Wong CH, Jan JT, Ma C. A Carbohydrate-Binding Protein from the Edible Lablab Beans Effectively Blocks the Infections of Influenza Viruses and SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108016. [PMID: 32755598 PMCID: PMC7380208 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and coronavirus spike (S) protein mediate virus entry. HA and S proteins are heavily glycosylated, making them potential targets for carbohydrate binding agents such as lectins. Here, we show that the lectin FRIL, isolated from hyacinth beans (Lablab purpureus), has anti-influenza and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. FRIL can neutralize 11 representative human and avian influenza strains at low nanomolar concentrations, and intranasal administration of FRIL is protective against lethal H1N1 infection in mice. FRIL binds preferentially to complex-type N-glycans and neutralizes viruses that possess complex-type N-glycans on their envelopes. As a homotetramer, FRIL is capable of aggregating influenza particles through multivalent binding and trapping influenza virions in cytoplasmic late endosomes, preventing their nuclear entry. Remarkably, FRIL also effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2, preventing viral protein production and cytopathic effect in host cells. These findings suggest a potential application of FRIL for the prevention and/or treatment of influenza and COVID-19. FRIL is a plant lectin with potent anti-influenza and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity FRIL preferentially binds to complex-type N-glycans on viral glycoproteins FRIL inhibits influenza virus entry by sequestering virions in late endosomes Intranasal administration of FRIL protects against lethal H1N1 challenge in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Min Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer M Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Cryo-EM Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Cryo-EM Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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20
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Chen TH, Chen CC, Huang MH, Huang CH, Jan JT, Wu SC. Use of PELC/CpG Adjuvant for Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Hemagglutinin to Develop H7N9 Mucosal Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020240. [PMID: 32455704 PMCID: PMC7349964 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with H7N9 avian influenza A virus can result in severe diseases with high mortality. Developing an effective vaccine is urgently needed to prevent its pandemic potential. Vaccine delivery routes via mucosal surfaces are known to elicit mucosal immune responses such as secretory IgA antibodies in mucosal fluids, thus providing first-line protection at infection sites. PEG-b-PLACL (PELC) is a squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant system that can enhance antigen penetration and uptake in nasal mucosal layers with enhanced mucin interactions. In this study, intranasal immunizations with recombinant H7 (rH7) proteins with a PELC/CpG adjuvant, as compared to the use of poly (I:C) or bacterial flagellin adjuvant, elicited higher titers of H7-specific IgG, IgA, hemagglutination inhibition, and neutralizing antibodies in sera, and increased numbers of H7-specific IgG- and IgA-antibody secreting cells in the spleen. Both PELC/CpG and poly (I:C) adjuvants at a dose as low as 5 μg HA provided an 80% survival rate against live virus challenges, but a lower degree of PELC/CpG-induced Th17 responses was observed. Therefore, the mucosal delivery of rH7 proteins formulated in a PELC/CpG adjuvant can be used for H7N9 mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Chu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan;
- Teaching Center of Natural Science, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu 30401, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-5742906; Fax: +886-3-5715934
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21
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Tsai CH, Wei SC, Jan JT, Liao LL, Chang CJ, Chao YC. Generation of Stable Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin through Structure-Guided Recombination. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2472-2482. [PMID: 31565926 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) is the major surface antigen of influenza virus and the most promising influenza vaccine immunogen. In 2013, the devastating H7N9 influenza virus was identified in China, which induced high mortality. The HA of this virus (H7) is relatively unstable, making it challenging to produce an effective vaccine. To improve the stability of HA protein from H7N9 influenza virus for better vaccine antigens without impairing immunogenicity, we recombined the HA from H7N9 (H7) with a more stable HA from H3N2 (H3) by structure-guided recombination, resulting in six chimeric HAs, FrA-FrF. Two of these chimeric HAs, FrB and FrC, exhibited proper hemagglutination activity and presented improved thermal stability compared to the original H7. Mice immunized with FrB and FrC elicited H7-specific antibodies comparable to those induced by parental H7, and the antisera collected from these immunized mice successfully inhibited H7N9 infection in a microneutralization assay. These results suggest that our structural-recombination approach can create stabilizing chimeric antigens while maintaining proper immunogenicity, which may not only benefit the construction of more stable HA vaccines to fight against H7N9 infection, but also facilitate effective vaccine improvements for other influenza viruses or infectious pathogens. In addition, this study also demonstrates the potential for better engineering of multimeric protein complexes like HA to achieve improved function, which are often immunologically or pharmaceutically important but difficult to modify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsuan Tsai
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sung-Chan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lin-Li Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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22
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Shen KM, Sabbavarapu NM, Fu CY, Jan JT, Wang JR, Hung SC, Lee GB. An integrated microfluidic system for rapid detection and multiple subtyping of influenza A viruses by using glycan-coated magnetic beads and RT-PCR. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1277-1286. [PMID: 30839009 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influenza A (InfA) virus, which poses a significant global public health threat, is routinely classified into "subtypes" based on viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Because there are nearly 200 viral subtypes, current diagnostic approaches require multiplexing or array systems to cover various subtypes of HA and NA. A microfluidic chip featuring a HA × NA array was consequently developed herein for diagnosis and subtyping of InfA viruses via the use of glycan-coated magnetic beads followed by reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Up to 12 InfA subtypes were simultaneously detected in an automated fashion in less than 100 minutes on this microfluidic platform, representing a significant improvement in analysis speed compared to benchtop RT-PCR and chip-based microarray systems. The limits of detection of the RT-PCR assays ranged from 40 to 3000 copy numbers for the different subtypes of InfA viruses, around two orders of magnitude higher than in previous studies using microfluidic technologies. In summary, the array-type microfluidic chip system provides a rapid, sensitive, and fully automated approach for detection and multiple subtyping of InfA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Mai Shen
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan.
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23
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Hong JY, Chen TH, Chen YJ, Liu CC, Jan JT, Wu SC. Highly immunogenic influenza virus-like particles containing B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) for multi-subtype vaccine development. Antiviral Res 2019; 164:12-22. [PMID: 30738089 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) technology is an attractive platform for the development of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. Influenza VLPs can be obtained by the overexpression of HA, M1, NA, and/or M2 viral proteins in insect, mammalian, or plant cells. In this study, we reported to obtain highly immunogenic influenza VLPs by molecular incorporation with B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) or proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). Since BAFF and APRIL act as homotrimers to interact with their receptors, we engineered the VLPs by direct fusion of BAFF or APRIL to the transmembrane anchored domain of H5HA gene. Results showed that immunizations with the HA-transmembrane anchored BAFF- or APRIL-VLPs only formulated in alum but not MPL adjuvant elicited significantly higher IgG titers in sera. However, only the BAFF-VLPs formulated in alum adjuvant elicited more broadly neutralizing antibodies against the homologous and two heterologous H5N1 clade/subclade viruses and conferred protective immunity against live virus challenges. As the multi-subtype influenza vaccines containing a variety of HA subtypes can confer broader protective immunity, we also obtained multi-subtype H5H7 BAFF-VLPs and H1H5H7 BAFF-VLPs and demonstrated that these multi-subtype BAFF-VLPs were able to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against multiple HA subtypes. Our findings provided useful information for the development of highly immunogenic, multi-subtype influenza VLP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Yu Hong
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jou Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chyi Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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24
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Chen TH, Liu WC, Lin CY, Liu CC, Jan JT, Spearman M, Butler M, Wu SC. Glycan-masking hemagglutinin antigens from stable CHO cell clones for H5N1 avian influenza vaccine development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:598-609. [PMID: 30080931 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Refocusing of B-cell responses can be achieved by preserving the overall fold of the antigen structure but selectively mutating the undesired antigenic sites with additional N-linked glycosylation motifs for glycan masking the vaccine antigen. We previously reported that glycan-masking recombinant H5 hemagglutinin (rH5HA) antigens on residues 83, 127, and 138 (g127 + g138 or g83 + g127 + 138 rH5HA) elicited broader neutralizing antibodies and protection against heterologous clades/subclades of high pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. In this study, we engineered the stably expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell clones for producing the glycan-masking g127 + g138 and g83 + g127 + g138 rH5HA antigens. All of these glycan-masking rH5HA antigens produced in stable CHO cell clones were found to be mostly oligomeric structures. Only the immunization with the glycan-masking g127 + g138 but not g83 + g127 + g138 rH5HA antigens elicited more potent neutralizing antibody titers against four out of five heterologous clades/subclades of H5N1 viral strains. The increased neutralizing antibody titers against these heterologous viral strains were correlated with the increased amounts of stem-binding antibodies, only the glycan-masking g127 + g138 rH5HA antigens can translate into more protection against live viral challenges. The stable CHO cell line-produced glycan-masking g127 + g138 rH5HA can be used for H5N1 subunit vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chyi Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maureen Spearman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Hsu PH, Chiu DC, Wu KL, Lee PS, Jan JT, Cheng YSE, Tsai KC, Cheng TJ, Fang JM. Acylguanidine derivatives of zanamivir and oseltamivir: Potential orally available prodrugs against influenza viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:314-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang PC, Chiu DC, Jan JT, Huang WI, Tseng YC, Li TT, Cheng TJ, Tsai KC, Fang JM. Peramivir conjugates as orally available agents against influenza H275Y mutant. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen YJ, Wang SF, Weng IC, Hong MH, Lo TH, Jan JT, Hsu LC, Chen HY, Liu FT. Galectin-3 Enhances Avian H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation by Promoting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Am J Pathol 2018; 188:1031-1042. [PMID: 29366678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 virus causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. Virus-induced excessive inflammatory response contributes to severe disease and high mortality rates. Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein widely distributed in immune and epithelial cells, regulates various immune functions and modulates microbial infections. Here, we describe galectin-3 up-regulation in mouse lung tissue after challenges with the H5N1 influenza virus. We investigated the effects of endogenous galectin-3 on H5N1 infection and found that survival of galectin-3 knockout (Gal-3KO) mice was comparable with wild-type (WT) mice after infections. Compared with infected WT mice, infected Gal-3KO mice exhibited less inflammation in the lungs and reduced IL-1β levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from Gal-3KO mice exhibited reduced oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing caspase-associated recruitment domains and secreted less IL-1β compared with BMMs from WT mice. However, similar levels of the inflammasome component of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) were observed in two genotypes of BMMs. Co-immunoprecipitation data indicated galectin-3 and NLRP3 interaction in BMMs infected with H5N1. An association was also observed between galectin-3 and NLRP3/apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing caspase-associated recruitment domain complex. Combined, our results suggest that endogenous galectin-3 enhances the effects of H5N1 infection by promoting host inflammatory responses and regulating IL-1β production by macrophages via interaction with NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen TH, Liu YY, Jan JT, Huang MH, Spearman M, Butler M, Wu SC. Recombinant hemagglutinin proteins formulated in a novel PELC/CpG adjuvant for H7N9 subunit vaccine development. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:213-220. [PMID: 28947234 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans infected with H7N9 avian influenza viruses can result in severe pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome with an approximately 40% mortality rate, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to reduce its pandemic potential. In this study, we used a novel PELC/CpG adjuvant for recombinant H7HA (rH7HA) subunit vaccine development. After immunizing BALB/c mice intramuscularly, rH7HA proteins formulated in this adjuvant instead of an alum adjuvant elicited higher IgG, hemagglutination-inhibition, and virus neutralizing antibodies in sera; induced higher numbers of H7HA-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells and antibody secreting cells in spleen; and provided improved protection against live virus challenges. Our results indicate that rH7HA proteins formulated in PELC/CpG adjuvant can induce potent anti-H7N9 immunity that may provide useful information for H7N9 subunit vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Maureen Spearman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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29
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Liu WC, Liu YY, Chen TH, Liu CC, Jan JT, Wu SC. Multi-subtype influenza virus-like particles incorporated with flagellin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for vaccine design. Antiviral Res 2016; 133:110-8. [PMID: 27491439 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) technology is an attractive platform for seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine development. We previously showed that influenza VLPs can be modified using M2 fusion with molecular adjuvants such as Salmonella typhimurium flagellin (FliC) to enhance VLP immunogenicity. For this study, three types of chimeric VLPs were incorporated with FliC, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or both GM-CSF and FliC (GM-CSF/FliC) to enhance anti-influenza immunogenicity. Our results indicate that immunizations with the chimeric FliC VLPs and GM-CSF/FliC H5N1 VLPs elicited more potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies and neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies in sera, and induced higher numbers of hemagglutinin-specific antibody-secreting cells and germinal center B cell subsets in splenoctyes. Immunization with the chimeric GM-CSF H5N1 VLPs induced stronger Th1 and Th2 cellular responses. The chimeric GM-CSF/FliC H5N1 VLP constructs were further obtained to include H7 or H1H7 bi- or tri-subtype. It is our hope that these findings provide useful information for developing multi-subtype influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chyi Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Tung CP, Chen IC, Yu CM, Peng HP, Jian JW, Ma SH, Lee YC, Jan JT, Yang AS. Discovering neutralizing antibodies targeting the stem epitope of H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin with synthetic phage-displayed antibody libraries. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15053. [PMID: 26456860 PMCID: PMC4601012 DOI: 10.1038/srep15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies developed from the IGHV1-69 germline gene are known to bind to the stem region of hemagglutinin in diverse influenza viruses but the sequence determinants for the antigen recognition, including neutralization potency and binding affinity, are not clearly understood. Such understanding could inform designs of synthetic antibody libraries targeting the stem epitope on hemagglutinin, leading to artificially designed antibodies that are functionally advantageous over antibodies from natural antibody repertoires. In this work, the sequence space of the complementarity determining regions of a broadly neutralizing antibody (F10) targeting the stem epitope on the hemagglutinin of a strain of H1N1 influenza virus was systematically explored; the elucidated antibody-hemagglutinin recognition principles were used to design a phage-displayed antibody library, which was then used to discover neutralizing antibodies against another strain of H1N1 virus. More than 1000 functional antibody candidates were selected from the antibody library and were shown to neutralize the corresponding strain of influenza virus with up to 7 folds higher potency comparing with the parent F10 antibody. The antibody library could be used to discover functionally effective antibodies against other H1N1 influenza viruses, supporting the notion that target-specific antibody libraries can be designed and constructed with systematic sequence-function information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ping Tung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Ing-Chien Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Chung-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Hung-Pin Peng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Jhih-Wei Jian
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 112.,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Shiou-Hwa Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - An-Suei Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
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Lai CH, Tang N, Jan JT, Huang MH, Lu CY, Chiang BL, Huang LM, Wu SC. Use of recombinant flagellin in oil-in-water emulsions enhances hemagglutinin-specific mucosal IgA production and IL-17 secreting T cells against H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. Vaccine 2015; 33:4321-9. [PMID: 25858857 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Researchers are currently involved in a strong effort to find a safe and effective vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. Toward that goal, we obtained soluble recombinant flagellin (FliC) of Salmonella typhimurium to be used as a mucosal adjuvant for H5HA subunit vaccine development. Intranasal immunization of H5HA antigen with recombinant FliC protein in an oil-in-water emulsion increased H5HA-specific IgG and IgA titers in sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), and nasal washes. Use of FliC adjuvant for intranasal immunization further augmented B-cell responses in mucosal environments via increased IgA titers in BALFs and nasal washes. Increases in IgA and IgG titers through the use of FliC adjuvant in intranasal immunization correlated with higher neutralizing antibody titers in sera and BALFs and higher numbers of IgG- and IgA-secreting B cells in spleen and cervical lymph nodes. High levels of IL-17A cytokine production were also found in stimulated T cells of spleen and cervical lymph node cells, only by intranasal immunization particularly with the use of FliC adjuvant in oil-in-water emulsions. These findings may provide useful information toward the development of H5HA mucosal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsuan Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Neos Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Chen CL, Lin TC, Wang SY, Shie JJ, Tsai KC, Cheng YSE, Jan JT, Lin CJ, Fang JM, Wong CH. Tamiphosphor monoesters as effective anti-influenza agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:106-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hung JT, Tsai YC, Lin WD, Jan JT, Lin KH, Huang JR, Cheng JY, Chen MW, Wong CH, Yu AL. Potent adjuvant effects of novel NKT stimulatory glycolipids on hemagglutinin based DNA vaccine for H5N1 influenza virus. Antiviral Res 2014; 107:110-8. [PMID: 24786174 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
H5N1 influenza virus is a highly pathogenic virus, posing a pandemic threat. Previously, we showed that phenyl analogs of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) displayed greater NKT stimulation than α-GalCer. Here, we examined the adjuvant effects of one of the most potent analogs, C34, on consensus hemagglutinin based DNA vaccine (pCHA5) for H5N1 virus. Upon intramuscular electroporation of mice with pCHA5 with/without various α-GalCer analogs, C34-adjuvanted group developed the highest titer against consensus H5 and more HA-specific IFN-γ secreting CD8 cells (203±13.5) than pCHA5 alone (152.6±13.7, p<0.05). Upon lethal challenge of NIBRG-14 virus, C34-adjuvanted group (84.6%) displayed higher survival rate than pCHA5 only group (46.1%). In the presence of C34 as adjuvant, the antisera displayed broader and greater neutralizing activities against virions pseudotyped with HA of clade 1, and 2.2 than pCHA5 only group. Moreover, to simulate an emergency response to a sudden H5N1 outbreak, we injected mice intramuscularly with single dose of a new consensus H5 (pCHA5-II) based on 1192 full-length H5 sequences, with C34 as adjuvant. The latter not only enhanced the humoral immune response and protection against virus challenge, but also broadened the spectrum of neutralization against pseudotyped HA viruses. Our vaccine strategy can be easily implemented for any H5N1 virus outbreak by single IM injection of a consensus H5 DNA vaccine based on updated HA sequences using C34 as an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Tung Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsien Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yan Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alice L Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Lin SC, Liu WC, Jan JT, Wu SC. Glycan masking of hemagglutinin for adenovirus vector and recombinant protein immunizations elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies against H5N1 avian influenza viruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92822. [PMID: 24671139 PMCID: PMC3966833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus, a known trigger of diseases in poultry and humans, is perceived as a serious threat to public health. There is a clear need for a broadly protective H5N1 vaccine or vaccines for inducing neutralizing antibodies against multiple clades/subclades. We constructed single, double, and triple mutants of glycan-masked hemagglutiinin (HA) antigens at residues 83, 127 and 138 (i.e., g83, g127, g138, g83+g127, g127+g138, g83+g138 and g83+g127+g138), and then obtained their corresponding HA-expressing adenovirus vectors and recombinant HA proteins using a prime-boost immunization strategy. Our results indicate that the glycan-masked g127+g138 double mutant induced more potent HA-inhibition, virus neutralization antibodies, cross-clade protection against heterologous H5N1 clades, correlated with the enhanced bindings to the receptor binding sites and the highly conserved stem region of HA. The immune refocusing stem-specific antibodies elicited by the glycan-masked H5HA g127+g138 and g83+g127+g138 mutants overlapped with broadly neutralizing epitopes of the CR6261 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes most group 1 subtypes. These findings may provide useful information in the development of a broadly protective H5N1 influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Hsu Y, Ma HH, Lico LS, Jan JT, Fukase K, Uchinashi Y, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. One-pot synthesis of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acid capped trisaccharides and evaluation of their influenza A(H1 N1) inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2413-6. [PMID: 24482157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human lung epithelial cells natively offer terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) α(2→6)-linked to galactose (Gal) as binding sites for influenza virus hemagglutinin. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in place of Neu5Ac is known to affect hemagglutinin binding in other species. Not normally generated by humans, Neu5Gc may find its way to human cells from dietary sources. To compare their influence in influenza virus infection, six trisaccharides with Neu5Ac or Neu5Gc α(2→6) linked to Gal and with different reducing end sugar units were prepared using one-pot assembly and divergent transformation. The sugar assembly made use of an N-phthaloyl-protected sialyl imidate for chemoselective activation and α-stereoselective coupling with a thiogalactoside. Assessment of cytopathic effect showed that the Neu5Gc-capped trisaccharides inhibited the viral infection better than their Neu5Ac counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115 (Taiwan); Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300 (Taiwan)
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Hsu Y, Ma HH, Lico LS, Jan JT, Fukase K, Uchinashi Y, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. One-Pot Synthesis ofN-Acetyl- andN-Glycolylneuraminic Acid Capped Trisaccharides and Evaluation of Their Influenza A(H1 N1) Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cheng TJR, Weinheimer S, Tarbet EB, Jan JT, Cheng YSE, Shie JJ, Chen CL, Chen CA, Hsieh WC, Huang PW, Lin WH, Wang SY, Fang JM, Hu OYP, Wong CH. Development of oseltamivir phosphonate congeners as anti-influenza agents. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8657-70. [PMID: 23009169 PMCID: PMC3492761 DOI: 10.1021/jm3008486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oseltamivir phosphonic acid (tamiphosphor, 3a), its monoethyl ester (3c), guanidino-tamiphosphor (4a), and its monoethyl ester (4c) are potent inhibitors of influenza neuraminidases. They inhibit the replication of influenza viruses, including the oseltamivir-resistant H275Y strain, at low nanomolar to picomolar levels, and significantly protect mice from infection with lethal doses of influenza viruses when orally administered with 1 mg/kg or higher doses. These compounds are stable in simulated gastric fluid, liver microsomes, and human blood and are largely free from binding to plasma proteins. Pharmacokinetic properties of these inhibitors are thoroughly studied in dogs, rats, and mice. The absolute oral bioavailability of these compounds was lower than 12%. No conversion of monoester 4c to phosphonic acid 4a was observed in rats after intravenous administration, but partial conversion of 4c was observed with oral administration. Advanced formulation may be investigated to develop these new anti-influenza agents for better therapeutic use.
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MESH Headings
- Acetamides/chemical synthesis
- Acetamides/pharmacokinetics
- Acetamides/pharmacology
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Biological Availability
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Cyclohexenes/chemical synthesis
- Cyclohexenes/pharmacokinetics
- Cyclohexenes/pharmacology
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/drug effects
- Dogs
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Drug Stability
- Female
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/enzymology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/enzymology
- Alphainfluenzavirus/drug effects
- Alphainfluenzavirus/enzymology
- Alphainfluenzavirus/genetics
- Betainfluenzavirus/drug effects
- Betainfluenzavirus/enzymology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Mutation
- Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/drug therapy
- Oseltamivir/pharmacology
- Phosphorous Acids
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jen R. Cheng
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Steven Weinheimer
- TaiMed Biologics, 5251 California Avenue, Suite 230, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - E. Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shyun E. Cheng
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Shie
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yun Wang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Oliver Yoa-Pu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Liu KC, Fang JM, Jan JT, Cheng TJR, Wang SY, Yang ST, Cheng YSE, Wong CH. Enhanced anti-influenza agents conjugated with anti-inflammatory activity. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8493-501. [PMID: 22963087 DOI: 10.1021/jm3009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza therapy with a single targeted compound is often limited in efficacy due to the rapidly developed drug resistance. Moreover, the uncontrolled virus-induced cytokines could cause the high mortality of human infected by H5N1 avian influenza virus. In this study, we explored the novel dual-targeted bifunctional anti-influenza drugs formed by conjugation with anti-inflammatory agents. In particular, the caffeic acid (CA)-bearing zanamivir (ZA) conjugates ZA-7-CA (1) and ZA-7-CA-amide (7) showed simultaneous inhibition of influenza virus neuraminidase and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These ZA conjugates provided remarkable protection of cells and mice against influenza infections. Intranasal administration of low dosage (<1.2 μmol/kg/day) of ZA conjugates exhibited much greater effect than the combination therapy with ZA and the anti-inflammatory agents in protection of the lethally infected mice by H1N1 or H5N1 influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Lin TY, Liu YC, Jheng JR, Tsai HP, Jan JT, Wong WR, Horng JT. Anti-Enterovirus 71 Activity Screening of Chinese Herbs with Anti-Infection and Inflammation Activities. Am J Chin Med 2012; 37:143-58. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09006734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antipyretic and toxin-eliminating traditional Chinese herbs are believed to possess antiviral activity. In this study, we screened extracts of 22 herbs for activity against enterovirus 71 (EV71). We found that only extracts of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. could neutralize EV71-induced cytopathic effects in Vero cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration of H. cordata extract for EV71 was 125.92 ± 27.84 μg/ml. Antiviral screening of herb extracts was also conducted on 3 genotypes of EV71, coxsackievirus A16 and echovirus 9. H. cordata extract had the highest activity against genotype A of EV71. A plaque reduction assay showed that H. cordata extract significantly reduced plaque formation. Viral protein expression, viral RNA synthesis and virus-induced caspase 3 activation were inhibited in the presence of H. cordata extract, suggesting that it affected apoptotic processes in EV71-infected Vero cells by inhibiting viral replication. The antiviral activity of H. cordata extract was greater in cells pretreated with extract than those treated after infection. We conclude that H. cordata extract has antiviral activity, and it offers a potential to develop a new anti-EV71 agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rong Jheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Tsai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Rou Wong
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Yang CW, Lee YZ, Kang IJ, Barnard DL, Jan JT, Lin D, Huang CW, Yeh TK, Chao YS, Lee SJ. Identification of phenanthroindolizines and phenanthroquinolizidines as novel potent anti-coronaviral agents for porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus and human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Antiviral Res 2010; 88:160-8. [PMID: 20727913 PMCID: PMC7114283 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of new, highly potent anti-coronavirus agents and effective approaches for controlling the potential emergence of epidemic coronaviruses still remains an important mission. Here, we identified tylophorine compounds, including naturally occurring and synthetic phenanthroindolizidines and phenanthroquinolizidines, as potent in vitro inhibitors of enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The potent compounds showed 50% maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values ranging from 8 to 1468 nM as determined by immunofluorescent assay of the expression of TGEV N and S proteins and by real time-quantitative PCR analysis of viral yields. Furthermore, the potent tylophorine compounds exerted profound anti-TGEV replication activity and thereby blocked the TGEV-induced apoptosis and subsequent cytopathic effect in ST cells. Analysis of the structure-activity relations indicated that the most active tylophorine analogues were compounds with a hydroxyl group at the C14 position of the indolizidine moiety or at the C3 position of the phenanthrene moiety and that the quinolizidine counterparts were more potent than indolizidines. In addition, tylophorine compounds strongly reduced cytopathic effect in Vero 76 cells induced by human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV), with EC₅₀ values ranging from less than 5 to 340 nM. Moreover, a pharmacokinetic study demonstrated high and comparable oral bioavailabilities of 7-methoxycryptopleurine (52.7%) and the naturally occurring tylophorine (65.7%) in rats. Thus, our results suggest that tylophorine compounds are novel and potent anti-coronavirus agents that may be developed into therapeutic agents for treating TGEV or SARS CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
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Liao HY, Hsu CH, Wang SC, Liang CH, Yen HY, Su CY, Chen CH, Jan JT, Ren CT, Chen CH, Cheng TJR, Wu CY, Wong CH. Differential Receptor Binding Affinities of Influenza Hemagglutinins on Glycan Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14849-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsiung Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hui Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yung Yen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen R. Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin MH, Hsu TL, Lin SY, Pan YJ, Jan JT, Wang JT, Khoo KH, Wu SH. Phosphoproteomics of Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 reveals a tight link between tyrosine phosphorylation and virulence. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:2613-23. [PMID: 19696081 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900276-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae is the predominant causative agent of pyogenic liver abscess, an emerging infectious disease that often complicates metastatic meningitis or endophthalmitis. The capsular polysaccharide on K. pneumoniae surface was determined as the key to virulence. Although the regulation of capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis is largely unclear, it was found that protein-tyrosine kinases and phosphatases are involved. Therefore, the identification and characterization of such kinases, phosphatases, and their substrates would advance our knowledge of the underlying mechanism in capsule formation and could contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we analyzed the phosphoproteome of K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 with a shotgun approach and identified 117 unique phosphopeptides along with 93 in vivo phosphorylated sites corresponding to 81 proteins. Interestingly, three of the identified tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, namely protein-tyrosine kinase (Wzc), phosphomannomutase (ManB), and undecaprenyl-phosphate glycosyltransferase (WcaJ), were found to be distributed in the cps locus and thus were speculated to be involved in the converging signal transduction of capsule biosynthesis. Consequently, we decided to focus on the lesser studied ManB and WcaJ for mutation analysis. The capsular polysaccharides of WcaJ mutant (WcaJY5F) were dramatically reduced quantitatively, and the LD(50) increased by 200-fold in a mouse peritonitis model compared with the wild-type strain. However, the capsular polysaccharides of ManB mutant (ManBY26F) showed no difference in quantity, and the LD(50) increased by merely 6-fold in mice test. Our study provided a clear trend that WcaJ tyrosine phosphorylation can regulate the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharides and result in the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Hsia Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Wen CC, Kuo YH, Jan JT, Liang PH, Wang SY, Liu HG, Lee CK, Chang ST, Kuo CJ, Lee SS, Hou CC, Hsiao PW, Chien SC, Shyur LF, Yang NS. Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4087-95. [PMID: 17663539 DOI: 10.1021/jm070295s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 221 phytocompounds were evaluated for activity against anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) activities using a cell-based assay measuring SARS-CoV-induced cytopathogenic effect on Vero E6 cells. Ten diterpenoids (1-10), two sesquiterpenoids (11 and 12), two triterpenoids (13 and 14), five lignoids (15-19), curcumin (20), and reference controls niclosamide (21) and valinomycin (22) were potent inhibitors at concentrations between 3.3 and 10 microM. The concentrations of the 22 compounds to inhibit 50% of Vero E6 cell proliferation (CC50) and viral replication (EC50) were measured. The selective index values (SI = CC50/EC50) of the most potent compounds 1, 5, 6, 8, 14, and 16 were 58, >510, 111, 193, 180, and >667, respectively. Betulinic acid (13) and savinin (16) were competitive inhibitors of SARS-CoV 3CL protease with Ki values = 8.2 +/- 0.7 and 9.1 +/- 2.4 microM, respectively. Our findings suggest that specific abietane-type diterpenoids and lignoids exhibit strong anti-SARS-CoV effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Wen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
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Tsao YP, Lin JY, Jan JT, Leng CH, Chu CC, Yang YC, Chen SL. HLA-A*0201 T-cell epitopes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid and spike proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:63-71. [PMID: 16630549 PMCID: PMC7092919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of HLA-A∗0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) peptide in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nuclear capsid (N) and spike (S) proteins was determined by testing the proteins’ ability to elicit a specific cellular immune response after immunization of HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice and in vitro vaccination of HLA-A2.1 positive human peripheral blood mononuclearcytes (PBMCs). First, we screened SARS N and S amino acid sequences for allele-specific motif matching those in human HLA-A2.1 MHC-I molecules. From HLA peptide binding predictions (http://thr.cit.nih.gov/molbio/hla_bind/), ten each potential N- and S-specific HLA-A2.1-binding peptides were synthesized. The high affinity HLA-A2.1 peptides were validated by T2-cell stabilization assays, with immunogenicity assays revealing peptides N223–231, N227–235, and N317–325 to be the first identified HLA-A∗0201-restricted CTL epitopes of SARS-CoV N protein. In addition, previous reports identified three HLA-A∗0201-restricted CTL epitopes of S protein (S978–986, S1203–1211, and S1167–1175), here we found two novel peptides S787–795 and S1042–1050 as S-specific CTL epitopes. Moreover, our identified N317–325 and S1042–1050 CTL epitopes could induce recall responses when IFN-γ stimulation of blood CD8+ T-cells revealed significant difference between normal healthy donors and SARS-recovered patients after those PBMCs were in vitro vaccinated with their cognate antigen. Our results would provide a new insight into the development of therapeutic vaccine in SARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Yu Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Leng
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Chu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Cheng Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +886 2 2391 5293.
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Lai SC, Chong PCS, Yeh CT, Liu LSJ, Jan JT, Chi HY, Liu HW, Chen A, Wang YC. Characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing a 15-residues epitope on the spike protein HR2 region of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). J Biomed Sci 2005; 12:711-27. [PMID: 16132115 PMCID: PMC7089214 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-9004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike (S) glycoprotein is thought to play a complex and central role in the biology and pathogenesis of SARS coronavirus infection. In this study, a recombinant protein (rS268, corresponding to residues 268–1255 of SARS-CoV S protein) was expressed in Escherichia coli and was purified to near homogeneity. After immunization with rS268, S protein-specific BALB/c antisera and mAbs were induced and confirmed using ELISA, Western blot and IFA. Several BALB/c mAbs were found to be effectively to neutralize the infection of Vero E6 cells by SARS-CoV in a dose-dependent manner. Systematic epitope mapping showed that all these neutralizing mAbs recognized a 15-residues peptide (CB-119) corresponding to residues 1143–1157 (SPDVDLGDISGINAS) that was located to the second heptad repeat (HR2) region of the SARS-CoV spike protein. The peptide CB-119 could specifically inhibit the interaction of neutralizing mAbs and spike protein in a dose-dependent manner. Further, neutralizing mAbs, but not control mAbs, could specifically interact with CB-119 in a dose-dependent manner. Results implicated that the second heptad repeat region of spike protein could be a good target for vaccine development against SARS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chia Lai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 90048-700, San-Hsia, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pele Choi-Sing Chong
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tsui Yeh
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 90048-700, San-Hsia, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Levent Shih-Jen Liu
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, , Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 90048-700, San-Hsia, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yun Chi
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, , Taiwan
| | - Hwan-Wun Liu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 90048-700, San-Hsia, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 90048-700, San-Hsia, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yeau-Ching Wang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 90048-700, San-Hsia, Taipei Taiwan
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Shie JJ, Fang JM, Kuo TH, Kuo CJ, Liang PH, Huang HJ, Wu YT, Jan JT, Cheng YSE, Wong CH. Inhibition of the severe acute respiratory syndrome 3CL protease by peptidomimetic alpha,beta-unsaturated esters. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5240-52. [PMID: 15994085 PMCID: PMC7119063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The proteolytic processing of polyproteins by the 3CL protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is essential for the viral propagation. A series of tripeptide alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and ketomethylene isosteres, including AG7088, are synthesized and assayed to target the 3CL protease. Though AG7088 is inactive (IC50 > 100 microM), the ketomethylene isosteres and tripeptide alpha,beta-unsaturated esters containing both P1 and P2 phenylalanine residues show modest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 11-39 microM). The Phe-Phe dipeptide inhibitors 18a-e are designed on the basis of computer modeling of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. The most potent inhibitor 18c with an inhibition constant of 0.52 microM is obtained by condensation of the Phe-Phe dipeptide alpha,beta-unsaturated ester with 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamic acid. The cell-based assays also indicate that 18c is a nontoxic anti-SARS agent with an EC50 value of 0.18 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Jie Shie
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Hsun Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Liang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jyun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ta Wu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Wu CJ, Jan JT, Chen CM, Hsieh HP, Hwang DR, Liu HW, Liu CY, Huang HW, Chen SC, Hong CF, Lin RK, Chao YS, Hsu JTA. Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication by niclosamide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:2693-6. [PMID: 15215127 PMCID: PMC434198 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.7.2693-2696.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral agents are urgently needed to fight severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). We showed that niclosamide, an existing antihelminthic drug, was able to inhibit replication of a newly discovered coronavirus, SARS-CoV; viral antigen synthesis was totally abolished at a niclosamide concentration of 1.56 microM, as revealed by immunoblot analysis. Thus, niclosamide represents a promising drug candidate for the effective treatment of SARS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jer Wu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical College, National Defense University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu CY, Jan JT, Ma SH, Kuo CJ, Juan HF, Cheng YSE, Hsu HH, Huang HC, Wu D, Brik A, Liang FS, Liu RS, Fang JM, Chen ST, Liang PH, Wong CH. Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:10012-7. [PMID: 15226499 PMCID: PMC454157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403596101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus. Currently, no effective antiviral agents exist against this type of virus. A cell-based assay, with SARS virus and Vero E6 cells, was developed to screen existing drugs, natural products, and synthetic compounds to identify effective anti-SARS agents. Of >10,000 agents tested, approximately 50 compounds were found active at 10 microM; among these compounds, two are existing drugs (Reserpine 13 and Aescin 5) and several are in clinical development. These 50 active compounds were tested again, and compounds 2-6, 10, and 13 showed active at 3 microM. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for the inhibition of viral replication (EC(50)) and host growth (CC(50)) were then measured and the selectivity index (SI = CC(50)/EC(50)) was determined. The EC(50), based on ELISA, and SI for Reserpine, Aescim, and Valinomycin are 3.4 microM (SI = 7.3), 6.0 microM (SI = 2.5), and 0.85 microM (SI = 80), respectively. Additional studies were carried out to further understand the mode of action of some active compounds, including ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays, and inhibition against the 3CL protease and viral entry. Of particular interest are the two anti-HIV agents, one as an entry blocker and the other as a 3CL protease inhibitor (K(i) = 0.6 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Wu HC, Jung MY, Chiu CY, Chao TT, Lai SC, Jan JT, Shaio MF. Identification of a dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) serotype-specific B-cell epitope and detection of DEN-2-immunized animal serum samples using an epitope-based peptide antigen. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:2771-2779. [PMID: 13679612 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a serotype-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), D2 16-1 (Ab4), against dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) was generated. The specificity of Ab4, which recognized DEN-2 non-structural protein 1, was determined by ELISA, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses. The serotype-specific B-cell epitope of Ab4 was identified further from a random phage-displayed peptide library; selected phage clones reacted specifically with Ab4 and did not react with other mAbs. Immunopositive phage clones displayed a consensus motif, His–Arg/Lys–Leu/Ile, and a synthetic peptide corresponding to the phage-displayed peptide bound specifically to Ab4. The His and Arg residues in this epitope were found to be crucial for peptide binding to Ab4 and binding activity decreased dramatically when these residues were changed to Leu. The epitope-based synthetic peptide not only identified serum samples from DEN-2-immunized mice and rabbits by ELISA but also differentiated clearly between serum samples from DEN-2- and Japanese encephalitis virus-immunized mice. This mAb and its epitope-based peptide antigen will be useful for serologic diagnosis of DEN-2 infection. Furthermore, DEN-2 epitope identification makes it feasible to dissect antibody responses to DEN and to address the role of antibodies in the pathogenesis of primary and secondary DEN-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 100, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ying Jung
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 100, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Yu Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 100, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Chao
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 100, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Chia Lai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 100, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 100, Republic of China
| | - Men-Fang Shaio
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 100, Republic of China
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Wu HC, Huang YL, Chao TT, Jan JT, Huang JL, Chiang HY, King CC, Shaio MF. Identification of B-cell epitope of dengue virus type 1 and its application in diagnosis of patients. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:977-82. [PMID: 11230414 PMCID: PMC87860 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.3.977-982.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a serotype-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) of dengue virus type 1 (DEN-1), 15F3-1, we identified the B-cell epitope of DEN-1 from a random peptide library displayed on phage. Fourteen immunopositive phage clones that bound specifically to MAb 15F3-1 were selected. These phage-borne peptides had a consensus motif of HxYaWb (a = S/T, b = K/H/R) that mimicked the sequence HKYSWK, which corresponded to amino acid residues 111 to 116 of the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of DEN-1. Among the four synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid residues 110 to 117 of the NS1 of DEN-1, -2, -3, and -4, only one peptide, EHKYSWKS (P14M) of DEN-1, was found to bind to 15F3-1 specifically. Furthermore, P14M was shown to inhibit the binding of phage particles to 15F3-1 in a competitive inhibition assay. Histidine(111) (His(111)) was crucial to the binding of P14M to 15F3-1, since its binding activity dramatically reduced when it changed to leucine(111) (Leu(111)). This epitope-based peptide demonstrated its clinical diagnostic potential when it reacted with a high degree of specificity with serum samples obtained from both DEN-1-infected rabbits and patients. Based on these observations, our DEN-1 epitope-based serologic test could be useful in laboratory viral diagnosis and in understanding the pathogenesis of DEN-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Wu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, P.O. Box 90048-700, San-Hsia, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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