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Huang KYA, Tan TK, Chen TH, Huang CG, Harvey R, Hussain S, Chen CP, Harding A, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Liu X, Knight M, Schimanski L, Shih SR, Lin YC, Cheng CY, Cheng SH, Huang YC, Lin TY, Jan JT, Ma C, James W, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Rijal P, Townsend AR. Breadth and function of antibody response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009352. [PMID: 33635919 PMCID: PMC8130932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological and plasmablast responses and plasmablast-derived IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been analysed in three COVID-19 patients with different clinical severities. Potent humoral responses were detected within 3 weeks of onset of illness in all patients and the serological titre was elicited soon after or concomitantly with peripheral plasmablast response. An average of 13.7% and 3.5% of plasmablast-derived MAbs were reactive with virus spike glycoprotein or nucleocapsid, respectively. A subset of anti-spike (10 of 32) antibodies cross-reacted with other betacoronaviruses tested and harboured extensive somatic mutations, indicative of an expansion of memory B cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fourteen of 32 anti-spike MAbs, including five anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), three anti-non-RBD S1 and six anti-S2, neutralised wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in independent assays. Anti-RBD MAbs were further grouped into four cross-inhibiting clusters, of which six antibodies from three separate clusters blocked the binding of RBD to ACE2 and five were neutralising. All ACE2-blocking anti-RBD antibodies were isolated from two recovered patients with prolonged fever, which is compatible with substantial ACE2-blocking response in their sera. Finally, the identification of non-competing pairs of neutralising antibodies would offer potential templates for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Adam Harding
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney S. Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - John W. McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alain R. Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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