1
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Yeh CJ, Zulueta MML, Li YK, Hung SC. Synthesis of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides with a GlcNAc-GlcA repeating pattern and their binding affinity with CD44. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5370-5387. [PMID: 32638804 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix and a ligand of CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein that is important in cell migration. Crystal and NMR studies found a hexasaccharide of the pattern (GlcA-GlcNAc)3 as the shortest HA that could bind to CD44, but molecular dynamics simulations indicated that a tetrasaccharide of the pattern (GlcNAc-GlcA)2 is the key structure interacting with CD44. Access to oligomers with such a repeat pattern is crucial in binding studies with CD44. Here we developed a synthetic procedure to afford the HA oligosaccharides with the GlcNAc-GlcA repeating unit and measured the binding interaction between these sugars and human CD44 by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). During the chemical synthesis, we successfully generated the β-glycosidic bond in the absence of neighbouring group participation and overcome the issues in the oxidation step. In addition, ammonia-free dissolving metal reduction for debenzylation and azido reduction has been applied in carbohydrate synthesis for the first time. ITC analysis revealed that the HA tetrasaccharide (GlcNAc-GlcA)2 could indeed interact and bind to the human CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jui Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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2
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Sakamoto K, Ozaki T, Ko YC, Tsai CF, Gong Y, Morozumi M, Ishikawa Y, Uchimura K, Nadanaka S, Kitagawa H, Zulueta MML, Bandaru A, Tamura JI, Hung SC, Kadomatsu K. Glycan sulfation patterns define autophagy flux at axon tip via PTPRσ-cortactin axis. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:699-709. [PMID: 31061498 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) are glycosaminoglycans that both bind the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRσ, affecting axonal regeneration. CS inhibits axonal growth, while HS promotes it. Here, we have prepared a library of HS octasaccharides and, together with synthetic CS oligomers, we found that PTPRσ preferentially interacts with CS-E-a rare sulfation pattern in natural CS-and most HS oligomers bearing sulfate and sulfamate groups. Consequently, short and long stretches of natural CS and HS, respectively, bind to PTPRσ. CS activates PTPRσ, which dephosphorylates cortactin-herein identified as a new PTPRσ substrate-and disrupts autophagy flux at the autophagosome-lysosome fusion step. Such disruption is required and sufficient for dystrophic endball formation and inhibition of axonal regeneration. Therefore, sulfation patterns determine the length of the glycosaminoglycan segment that bind to PTPRσ and define the fate of axonal regeneration through a mechanism involving PTPRσ, cortactin and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ozaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yen-Chun Ko
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuanhao Gong
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Morozumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimoto Ishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Foncitonnelle, Univesite des Science et Technologies de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan.
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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3
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Yeh CJ, Ku CC, Lin WC, Fan CY, Zulueta MML, Manabe Y, Fukase K, Li YK, Hung SC. Single-Step Per-O-Sulfonation of Sugar Oligomers with Concomitant 1,6-Anhydro Bridge Formation for Binding Fibroblast Growth Factors. Chembiochem 2019; 20:237-240. [PMID: 30239102 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many circulating cancer-related proteins, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), associate with glycosaminoglycans-particularly heparan sulfate-at the cell surface. Disaccharide analogues of heparan sulfate had previously been identified as the shortest components out of the sugars that bind to FGF-1 and FGF-2. Taking note of the typical pose of l-iduronic acid, we conceived of per-O-sulfonated analogues of such disaccharides, and devised a single-step procedure for per-O-sulfonation of unprotected sugars with concomitant 1,6-anhydro bridge formation to achieve such compounds through direct use of SO3 ⋅Et3 N as sulfonation reagent and dimethylformamide as solvent. The synthesized sugars based on the oligomaltose backbone bound FGF-1 and FGF-2 mostly at the sub-micromolar level, although the tetrasaccharide analogue achieved low-nanomolar binding with FGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jui Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yuan Fan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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4
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Zulueta MML, Chyan CL, Hung SC. Structural analysis of synthetic heparan sulfate oligosaccharides with fibroblast growth factors and heparin-binding hemagglutinin. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 50:126-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Padiyar LT, Zulueta MML, Sabbavarapu NM, Hung SC. Yb(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of myo-Inositol 1,3,5-Orthoformate and Its Application in the Synthesis of Chiral Inositol Phosphates. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11418-11430. [PMID: 29019688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of inositol phosphates including myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which is a secondary messenger in transmembrane signaling, were selectively synthesized via Yb(OTf)3-catalyzed desymmetrization of myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate using a proline-based chiral anhydride as an acylation precursor. The investigated catalytic system could regioselectively differentiate the enantiotopic hydroxy groups of myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate in the presence of a chiral auxiliary. This key step to generate a suitably protected chiral myo-inositol derivatives is described here as a unified approach to access inositol phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmansingh T Padiyar
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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6
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Abstract
Polypropionates—motifs with alternating methyl and hydroxy groups—are important segments of many natural products possessing high bioactivity and therapeutic value. Synthetic access to these structures remains an area of intensive interest, focusing on the establishment of the contiguous stereocentres and a desire for operational simplicity. Here we report an efficient strategy for the stereoselective assembly of polypropionates with three or four stereocentres through a three-step relay process that include Diels–Alder reaction, silylenol ether hydrolysis and Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. The stereochemistry and functionality of the resulting polypropionates depend on the substitution pattern of the diene and dienophile substrates of the Diels–Alder cycloaddition. More importantly, the relay sequence is effectively performed in one pot, and the product could potentially undergo the same sequence for further elaboration. Finally, the C1–C9 segment of the macrolide etnangien is constructed with four of the six stereogenic centres established using the relay sequence. Polypropionates are present in many natural products possessing high bioactivity and therapeutic value. Here the authors show a strategy for the stereoselective assembly of polypropionates with three or four stereocentres through a process that includes a Diels–Alder reaction, silylenol ether hydrolysis and Baeyer–Villiger oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ming Ho
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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7
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Huang TY, Irene D, Zulueta MML, Tai TJ, Lain SH, Cheng CP, Tsai PX, Lin SY, Chen ZG, Ku CC, Hsiao CD, Chyan CL, Hung SC. Structure of the Complex between a Heparan Sulfate Octasaccharide and Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jui Tai
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Lain
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Po Cheng
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ping-Xi Tsai
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Geng Chen
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Deng Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
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8
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Huang TY, Irene D, Zulueta MML, Tai TJ, Lain SH, Cheng CP, Tsai PX, Lin SY, Chen ZG, Ku CC, Hsiao CD, Chyan CL, Hung SC. Structure of the Complex between a Heparan Sulfate Octasaccharide and Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4192-4196. [PMID: 28294485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) is a 199 amino acid virulence factor at the envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that contributes to latent tuberculosis. The binding of HBHA to respiratory epithelial cells, which leads to extrapulmonary dissemination of the pathogen, is mediated by cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS). We report the structural characterization of the HBHA/HS complex by NMR spectroscopy. To develop a model for the molecular recognition, the first chemically synthesized uniformly 13 C- and 15 N-labeled HS octasaccharide and a uniformly 13 C- and 15 N-labeled form of HBHA were prepared. Residues 180-195 at the C-terminal region of HBHA show large chemical shift perturbation upon association with the octasaccharide. Molecular dynamics simulations conforming to the multidimensional NMR data revealed key electrostatic and even hydrophobic interactions between the binding partners that may aid in the development of agents targeting the binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jui Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Lain
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Po Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Xi Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Geng Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Deng Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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9
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Ho GM, Huang CJ, Li EYT, Hsu SK, Wu T, Zulueta MML, Wu KB, Hung SC. Unconventional exo selectivity in thermal normal-electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35147. [PMID: 27731360 PMCID: PMC5059706 DOI: 10.1038/srep35147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction is a useful tool for generating functionalized chiral molecules through the concerted cycloaddition of dienes and dienophiles leading to six-membered rings. Traditionally, the selective predictions of the products rely heavily on consideration of the secondary orbital interactions that stabilize the endo pathway. However, there remain some basic examples defying this notion and produce the exo-isomer as major product. Here we systematically evaluated of the structural features driving exo selectivity in thermal normal-electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions. Substitution at the Cβ position and the size and electronegativity of the electron-withdrawing group of the dienophile are contributing factors. Experimental and computational studies both point toward the steric and electrostatic forces between the substituents in both the diene and the dienophile that increase the likelihood of the exo pathway. For these substrates, the dominance of the endo pathway is reduced by transition state distortions and poor structural alignments of the reacting partners. We also noted the tilt of the dienophile with respect to the diene causing steric strain on the functionalities at the more advanced bond forming carbon-carbon position of the endo transition state. Insights into such factors may benefit synthetic planning and asserting control over this important named reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ming Ho
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ci-Jhang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Elise Yu-Tzu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ti Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Binchia Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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10
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Shen YF, Tsai MR, Chen SC, Leung YS, Hsieh CT, Chen YS, Huang FL, Obena RP, Zulueta MML, Huang HY, Lee WJ, Tang KC, Kung CT, Chen MH, Shieh DB, Chen YJ, Liu TM, Chou PT, Sun CK. Imaging Endogenous Bilirubins with Two-Photon Fluorescence of Bilirubin Dimers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7575-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Shen
- 3D
Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
City 40447, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min-Huey Chen
- Graduate
Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute
of Oral Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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11
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Patil PS, Cheng TJR, Zulueta MML, Yang ST, Lico LS, Hung SC. Total synthesis of tetraacylated phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside and evaluation of its immunomodulatory activity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7239. [PMID: 26037164 PMCID: PMC4468851 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, aggravated by drug-resistant strains and HIV co-infection of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a global problem that affects millions of people. With essential immunoregulatory roles, phosphatidylinositol mannosides are among the cell-envelope components critical to the pathogenesis and survival of M. tuberculosis inside its host. Here we report the first synthesis of the highly complex tetraacylated phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside (Ac2PIM6), having stearic and tuberculostearic acids as lipid components. Our effort makes use of stereoelectronic and steric effects to control the regioselective and stereoselective outcomes and minimize the synthetic steps, particularly in the key desymmetrization and functionalization of myo-inositol. A short synthesis of tuberculostearic acid in six steps from the Roche ester is also described. Mice exposed to the synthesized Ac2PIM6 exhibit increased production of interleukin-4 and interferon-γ, and the corresponding adjuvant effect is shown by the induction of ovalbumin- and tetanus toxoid-specific antibodies. Phosphatidylinositol mannosides are cell envelope components vital for the survival of M. tuberculosis. Here, the authors report an elegant and convergent total synthesis of the complex glycolipid tetraacylated phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside (Ac2PIM6) and study the immunological effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap S Patil
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen Rachel Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Larry S Lico
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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12
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Zulueta MML, Janreddy D, Hung SC. Cover Picture: One-Pot Methods for the Protection and Assembly of Sugars (Isr. J. Chem. 3-4/2015). Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201590006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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14
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Huang TY, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Regioselective one-pot protection, protection-glycosylation and protection-glycosylation-glycosylation of carbohydrates: a case study with D-glucose. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:376-82. [PMID: 24263464 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined oligosaccharides are important requirements in evaluating structure-activity relationships to decipher the roles of carbohydrates in various physiological processes. These oligosaccharides are accessed mainly through chemical synthesis, which nonetheless remains a huge undertaking despite the many advances in recent years. A combinatorial and regioselective one-pot protection strategy was previously disclosed by us to reduce the effort and wastes associated with carbohydrate synthesis. With the tetra-trimethylsilylated 4-methylphenyl thioglucoside as the starting material, we herein show the one-pot preparations of diols, triols and fully protected derivatives of thioglucosides, and, more importantly, we generated building blocks in situ that effectively acted as glycosyl donors and glycosyl acceptors for further coupling with other monosaccharide building blocks. Our one-pot protection-glycosylation and protection-glycosylation-glycosylation approaches made use of the perceived reactivity differences between thioglycoside donors to conveniently supply disaccharide and trisaccharide skeletons as well as the backbone of a recently discovered compatible solute from two thermophilic bacteria of the Petrotoga species. The demonstrated protocol is another step in reducing the enormous work in carbohydrate synthesis and efficiently delivering sugar constructs for application in other areas of glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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15
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Ko YC, Tsai CF, Wang CC, Dhurandhare VM, Hu PL, Su TY, Lico LS, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of 1,6-anhydrosugars and orthogonally protected thioglycosides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14425-31. [PMID: 25291402 DOI: 10.1021/ja504804v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms employ glycans as recognition elements because of their large structural information density. Well-defined sugar structures are needed to fully understand and take advantage of glycan functions, but sufficient quantities of these compounds cannot be readily obtained from natural sources and have to be synthesized. Among the bottlenecks in the chemical synthesis of complex glycans is the preparation of suitably protected monosaccharide building blocks. Thus, easy, rapid, and efficient methods for building-block acquisition are desirable. Herein, we describe routes directly starting from the free sugars toward notable monosaccharide derivatives through microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis. The procedure followed the in situ generation of per-O-trimethylsilylated monosaccharide intermediates, which provided 1,6-anhydrosugars or thioglycosides upon treatment with either trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate or trimethyl(4-methylphenylthio)silane and ZnI2, respectively, under microwave irradiation. We successfully extended the methodology to regioselective protecting group installation and manipulation toward a number of thioglucosides and the glycosylation of persilylated derivatives, all of which were conducted in a single vessel. These developed approaches open the possibility for generating arrays of suitably protected building blocks for oligosaccharide assembly in a short period with minimal number of purification stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Ko
- Genomics Research Center, ‡Institute of Chemistry, and §Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica , 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Li YC, Ho IH, Ku CC, Zhong YQ, Hu YP, Chen ZG, Chen CY, Lin WC, Zulueta MML, Hung SC, Lin MG, Wang CC, Hsiao CD. Interactions that influence the binding of synthetic heparan sulfate based disaccharides to fibroblast growth factor-2. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1712-7. [PMID: 24959968 DOI: 10.1021/cb500298q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear sulfated polysaccharide that mediates protein activities at the cell-extracellular interface. Its interactions with proteins depend on the complex patterns of sulfonations and sugar residues. Previously, we synthesized all 48 potential disaccharides found in HS and used them for affinity screening and X-ray structural analysis with fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF1). Herein, we evaluated the affinities of the same sugars against FGF2 and determined the crystal structures of FGF2 in complex with three disaccharides carrying N-sulfonated glucosamine and 2-O-sulfonated iduronic acid as basic backbones. The crystal structures show that water molecules mediate different interactions between the 3-O-sulfonate group and Lys125. Moreover, the 6-O-sulfonate group forms intermolecular interactions with another FGF2 unit apart from the main binding site. These findings suggest that the water-mediated interactions and the intermolecular interactions influence the binding affinity of different disaccharides with FGF2, correlating with their respective dissociation constants in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min-Guan Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Hsu Y, Ma HH, Lico LS, Jan JT, Fukase K, Uchinashi Y, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. One-pot synthesis of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acid capped trisaccharides and evaluation of their influenza A(H1 N1) inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2413-6. [PMID: 24482157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human lung epithelial cells natively offer terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) α(2→6)-linked to galactose (Gal) as binding sites for influenza virus hemagglutinin. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in place of Neu5Ac is known to affect hemagglutinin binding in other species. Not normally generated by humans, Neu5Gc may find its way to human cells from dietary sources. To compare their influence in influenza virus infection, six trisaccharides with Neu5Ac or Neu5Gc α(2→6) linked to Gal and with different reducing end sugar units were prepared using one-pot assembly and divergent transformation. The sugar assembly made use of an N-phthaloyl-protected sialyl imidate for chemoselective activation and α-stereoselective coupling with a thiogalactoside. Assessment of cytopathic effect showed that the Neu5Gc-capped trisaccharides inhibited the viral infection better than their Neu5Ac counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115 (Taiwan); Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300 (Taiwan)
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Hsu Y, Ma HH, Lico LS, Jan JT, Fukase K, Uchinashi Y, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. One-Pot Synthesis ofN-Acetyl- andN-Glycolylneuraminic Acid Capped Trisaccharides and Evaluation of Their Influenza A(H1 N1) Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zulueta MML, Lin SY, Hu YP, Hung SC. Synthetic heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharides and their protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:1023-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Patil PS, Lee CC, Huang YW, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Regioselective and stereoselective benzylidene installation and one-pot protection of d-mannose. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2605-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hu YP, Zhong YQ, Chen ZG, Chen CY, Shi Z, Zulueta MML, Ku CC, Lee PY, Wang CC, Hung SC. Divergent synthesis of 48 heparan sulfate-based disaccharides and probing the specific sugar-fibroblast growth factor-1 interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20722-7. [PMID: 23240683 DOI: 10.1021/ja3090065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several biological processes involve glycans, yet understanding their ligand specificities is impeded by their inherent diversity and difficult acquisition. Generating broad synthetic sugar libraries for bioevaluations is a powerful tool in unraveling glycan structural information. In the case of the widely distributed heparan sulfate (HS), however, the 48 theoretical possibilities for its repeating disaccharide call for synthetic approaches that should minimize the effort in an undoubtedly huge undertaking. Here we employed a divergent strategy to afford all 48 HS-based disaccharides from just two orthogonally protected disaccharide precursors. Different combinations and sequence of transformation steps were applied with many downstream intermediates leading up to multiple target products. With the full disaccharide library in hand, affinity screening with fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) revealed that four of the synthetic sugars bind to FGF-1. The molecular details of the interaction were further clarified through X-ray analysis of the sugar-protein cocrystals. The capability of comprehensive sugar libraries in providing key insights in glycan-ligand interaction is, thus, highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Zulueta MML, Lin SY, Lin YT, Huang CJ, Wang CC, Ku CC, Shi Z, Chyan CL, Irene D, Lim LH, Tsai TI, Hu YP, Arco SD, Wong CH, Hung SC. α-Glycosylation by d-Glucosamine-Derived Donors: Synthesis of Heparosan and Heparin Analogues That Interact with Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8988-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302640p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
1101, Philippines
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jui Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Zhonghao Shi
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Hin Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Susan D. Arco
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
1101, Philippines
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Hsu Y, Lu XA, Zulueta MML, Tsai CM, Lin KI, Hung SC, Wong CH. Acyl and Silyl Group Effects in Reactivity-Based One-Pot Glycosylation: Synthesis of Embryonic Stem Cell Surface Carbohydrates Lc4 and IV2Fuc-Lc4. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4549-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300284x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hsu
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu
Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Xin-An Lu
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road,
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research
Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2,
Academia Road, Taipei
115, Taiwan
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Hung SC, Lu XA, Lee JC, Chang MDT, Fang SL, Fan TC, Zulueta MML, Zhong YQ. Synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides and their interaction with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 10:760-72. [PMID: 22143347 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A convenient route for the synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides involving regioselective protection of D-glucosamine and a concise preparation of rare L-ido sugars from diacetone α-D-glucose is described. Stereoselective coupling of a D-glucosamine-derived trichloroacetimidate with a 1,6-anhydro-β-L-idopyranosyl 4-alcohol gave the desired α-linked disaccharide, which was used as repeating unit for dual chain elongation and termination. Stepwise assembly from the reducing to the non-reducing end with a D-glucosamine-derived monosaccharide as starting unit furnished the oligosaccharide skeletons having different chain lengths. A series of functional group transformations afforded the expected heparin oligosaccharides with 3, 5 and 7 sugar units. Interaction of these oligosaccharides with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), a cationic ribonuclease and a mediator produced by human eosinophils, was further investigated. The results revealed that at 5 μg mL(-1), the heptasaccharide has sufficiently strong interference to block EDN binding to Beas-2B cells. The tri- and pentasaccharides have moderate inhibitory properties at 50 μg mL(-1) concentration, but no inhibition has been observed at 10 μg mL(-1). The IC(50) values of the tri-, penta- and heptasaccharides are 69.4, 47.2 and 0.225 μg mL(-1), respectively.
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Chung CC, Zulueta MML, Padiyar LT, Hung SC. Desymmetrization of 2,4,5,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-d-myo-inositol for the Synthesis of Mycothiol. Org Lett 2011; 13:5496-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202218n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chung Chung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Laxmansingh T. Padiyar
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec.2 Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Abstract
A highly regioselective one-pot transformation of 2-azido-2-deoxy-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-trimethylsilyl-d-glucopyranose via sequential additions of various reagents was systematically studied, yielding the fully protected derivatives and the 1-, 3-, 4-, as well as 6-alcohols, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Lien Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Lee IC, Zulueta MML, Shie CR, Arco SD, Hung SC. Deuterium-isotope study on the reductive ring opening of benzylidene acetals. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7655-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang CC, Kulkarni SS, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Synthesis of Hemagglutinin-Binding Trisaccharides. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2011; 705:691-726. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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