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Lin YS, Chang YC, Chao TL, Tsai YM, Jhuang SJ, Ho YH, Lai TY, Liu YL, Chen CY, Tsai CY, Hsueh YP, Chang SY, Chuang TH, Lee CY, Hsu LC. The Src-ZNRF1 axis controls TLR3 trafficking and interferon responses to limit lung barrier damage. J Exp Med 2023; 220:214096. [PMID: 37158982 PMCID: PMC10174191 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons are important antiviral cytokines, but prolonged interferon production is detrimental to the host. The TLR3-driven immune response is crucial for mammalian antiviral immunity, and its intracellular localization determines induction of type I interferons; however, the mechanism terminating TLR3 signaling remains obscure. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF1 controls TLR3 sorting into multivesicular bodies/lysosomes to terminate signaling and type I interferon production. Mechanistically, c-Src kinase activated by TLR3 engagement phosphorylates ZNRF1 at tyrosine 103, which mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of TLR3 at lysine 813 and promotes TLR3 lysosomal trafficking and degradation. ZNRF1-deficient mice and cells are resistant to infection by encephalomyocarditis virus and SARS-CoV-2 because of enhanced type I interferon production. However, Znrf1-/- mice have exacerbated lung barrier damage triggered by antiviral immunity, leading to enhanced susceptibility to respiratory bacterial superinfections. Our study highlights the c-Src-ZNRF1 axis as a negative feedback mechanism controlling TLR3 trafficking and the termination of TLR3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jhen Jhuang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Ho
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Lai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Li CJ, Jiang CL, Chao TL, Lin SY, Tsai YM, Chao CS, Su YT, Chen CJ, Chang SY, Lin FJ, Chang SC. Elicitation of potent neutralizing antibodies in obese mice by ISA 51-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-Fc vaccine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2983-2995. [PMID: 36988669 PMCID: PMC10049902 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered to be the most effective countermeasure to prevent and combat the global health threats of COVID-19. People with obesity are at a greater risk of hospitalization, life-threatening illness, and adverse outcomes after having COVID-19. Therefore, a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine for obese individuals is urgently needed. In the study, the vaccine composed of the ISA 51 adjuvant and the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) receptor-binding domain (RBD) in conjugation with the human IgG1 Fc fragment (named as ISA 51-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine) was developed and inoculated in the regular chow diet (RCD) lean mice and the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The S protein-specific IgG titers were largely induced in an increasing manner along with three doses of ISA 51-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine without causing any harmful side effect. In the HFD mice, the S protein-specific IgG titers can be quickly observed 2 weeks post the first inoculation. The antisera elicited by the ISA 51-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine in the RCD and HFD mice exhibited potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activities in the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assays and showed similar specificity for recognizing the key residues in the RBD which were involved in interacting with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The immune efficacy of the ISA 51-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine in the HFD mice can be sustainably maintained with the PRNT50 values of 1.80-1.91×10-3 for at least 8 weeks post the third inoculation. Collectively, the RBD-Fc-based immunogen and the ISA 51-adjuvanted formulation can be developed as an effective COVID-19 vaccine for obese individuals. KEY POINTS: • The ISA 51-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine can induce potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in the obese mouse • The antibodies elicited by the ISA 51-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine can bind to the key RBD residues involved in interacting with ACE2 • The immune efficacy of the ISA 51-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine can be sustainably maintained for at least 8 weeks post the third inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lin Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Yu Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Syun Chao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Jung Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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3
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Chao TL, Lee WH, Hu HC, Lin YC, Ho SY, Chen HH, Chen CP, Tsai YM, Fang JT, Leong SM, Cheng YC, Peng M, Cheng SH, Cheng CY, Chang SY. Clinical assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by rapid antigen test compared with virus isolation. J Clin Virol Plus 2023; 3:100133. [PMID: 36594045 PMCID: PMC9798665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) remains as a golden standard for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, it can not be easily expanded to large-scaled screening during outbreaks, and the positive results do not necessarily correlate with infectious status of the identified subjects. In this study, the performance of Vstrip® RV2 COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test (RAT) and its correlation with virus infectivity was examined by virus culture using 163 sequential respiratory specimens collected from 26 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. When the presence of cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture was used as a reference method for virus infectivity, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Vstrip® RV2 COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test was 96.43%, 89.63%, and 90.8%, respectively. The highest Ct value was 27.7 for RdRp gene and 25.79 for E gene within CPE-positive samples, and the highest Ct value was 31.9 for RdRp gene and 29.1 for E gene within RAT positive samples. When the Ct values of specimens were below 25, the CPE and RAT results had high degree of consistency. We concluded that the RAT could be a great alternative method for determining the infectious potential of individuals with high viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hau Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Hu
- Department of Nursing, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hou Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan,School of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Tung Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Si-Man Leong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Mavis Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan,School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding authors
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding authors
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4
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Liu WD, Wang JT, Chao TL, Ieong SM, Tsai YM, Kuo PH, Tsai MJ, Chen YJ, Li GC, Ho SY, Chen HH, Huang YS, Hung CC, Chen YC, Chang SY, Chang SC. Evolution of neutralizing antibodies and cross-activity against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 in patients recovering from COVID-19. J Formos Med Assoc 2022:S0929-6646(22)00436-3. [PMID: 36496300 PMCID: PMC9705194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients recovering from COVID-19 may need vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 because acquired immunity from primary infection may wane, given the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Understanding the trends of anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in patients recovering from COVID-19 may inform the decision made on the appropriate interval between recovery and vaccination. METHODS Participants aged 20 years or older and diagnosed with COVID-19 between January and December, 2020 were enrolled. Serum specimens were collected every three months from 10 days to 12 months after the onset of symptom for determinations of anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain with D614G mutation, alpha, gamma and delta variants. RESULTS Of 19 participants, we found a decreasing trend of geometric mean titers of anti-spike IgG from 560.9 to 217 and 92 BAU/mL after a 4-month and a 7-month follow-up, respectively. The anti-spike IgG titers declined more quickly in the ten participants with severe or critical disease than the nine participants with only mild to moderate disease between one month and seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection (-8.49 vs - 2.34-fold, p < 0.001). The neutralizing activity of the convalescent serum specimens collected from participants recovering from wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection against different variants was lower, especially against the delta variants (p < 0.01 for each variant with Wuhan strain as reference). CONCLUSION Acquired immunity from primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 waned within 4-7 months in COVID-19 patients, and neutralizing cross-activities against different SARS-CoV-2 variants were lower compared with those against wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Da Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Tay Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei City 10002, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Si-Man Ieong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsien Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Biomedical Park Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jui Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Chi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hou Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan,Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Chun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei City 10002, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Chen HF, Hsueh PR, Liu YY, Chen Y, Chang SY, Wang WJ, Wu CS, Tsai YM, Liu YS, Su WC, Chou YC, Hung MC. Disulfiram blocked cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 via inhibiting the interaction of spike protein and ACE2. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3333-3346. [PMID: 35968340 PMCID: PMC9360250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfiram is an FDA-approved drug that has been used to treat alcoholism and has demonstrated a wide range of anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral effects. In the global COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutics and vaccine development. According to recent studies, disulfiram can act as a potent SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitor by targeting multiple SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins to inhibit viral polyprotein cleavage and RNA replication. Currently, disulfiram is under evaluation in phase II clinical trials to treat COVID-19. With more and more variants of the SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, it becomes critical to know whether disulfiram can also inhibit viral entry into host cells for various variants and replication inhibition. Here, molecular and cellular biology assays demonstrated that disulfiram could interrupt viral spike protein binding with its receptor ACE2. By using the viral pseudo-particles (Vpps) of SARS-CoV-2, disulfiram also showed the potent activity to block viral entry in a cell-based assay against Vpps of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We further established a live virus model system to support the anti-viral entry activity of disulfiram with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Molecular docking revealed how disulfiram hindered the binding between the ACE2 and wild-type or mutated spike proteins. Thus, our results indicate that disulfiram has the capability to block viral entry activity of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Together with its known anti-replication of SARS-CoV-2, disulfiram may serve as an effective therapy against different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Liu
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Shiou Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University HospitalTaichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia SinicaTaipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan
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6
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Huang HY, Liao HY, Chen X, Wang SW, Cheng CW, Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Liu YM, Mohapatra A, Chen TH, Lo JM, Wu YM, Ma HH, Chang YH, Tsai HY, Chou YC, Hsueh YP, Tsai CY, Huang PY, Chang SY, Chao TL, Kao HC, Tsai YM, Chen YH, Wu CY, Jan JT, Cheng TJR, Lin KI, Ma C, Wong CH. Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein lacking glycan shields elicits enhanced protective responses in animal models. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm0899. [PMID: 35230146 PMCID: PMC9802656 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge to end the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to develop a broadly protective vaccine that elicits long-term immunity. As the key immunogen, the viral surface spike (S) protein is frequently mutated, and conserved epitopes are shielded by glycans. Here, we revealed that S protein glycosylation has site-differential effects on viral infectivity. We found that S protein generated by lung epithelial cells has glycoforms associated with increased infectivity. Compared to the fully glycosylated S protein, immunization of S protein with N-glycans trimmed to the mono-GlcNAc-decorated state (SMG) elicited stronger immune responses and better protection for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice against variants of concern (VOCs). In addition, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody was identified from SMG-immunized mice that could neutralize wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs with subpicomolar potency. Together, these results demonstrate that removal of glycan shields to better expose the conserved sequences has the potential to be an effective and simple approach for developing a broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,GIP-TRIAD Master’s Program in Agro-Biomedical Science, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Yo-Min Liu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer M. Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Yang Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Yi Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Corresponding author. (C.M.); (K.-I.L.); . (C.-H.W.)
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7
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Duong TTT, Tsai YM, Wen LL, Chiu HC, Chen PK, Thuy TTD, Kuo PY, Hidrosollo JH, Wang S, Zhang YZ, Lin WH, Wang MC, Kao CY. A Longitudinal Nine-Year Study of the Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Isolated From a Regional Hospital in Taiwan: Predominance of Carbapenemase KPC-2 and OXA-48. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:703113. [PMID: 35359715 PMCID: PMC8963713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.703113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacterales clinical isolates are now being resistant to clinically achievable concentrations of most commonly used antibiotics that makes treatment of hospitalized patients very challenging. We hereby determine the molecular characteristics of carbapenemase genes in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates in Taiwan. A total of 455 CRE isolates were identified between August 2011 to July 2020. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for selected carbapenems were tested using Vitek 2, and carbapenemase genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction in combination with sequencing. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemase was determined by modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) to validate our PCR screening results. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to determine the clonality of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolates, and the transferability of carbapenemase-carrying plasmids was determined by conjugation assays. A slight increase in carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC) was observed, however, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) was steady, during 2011–2020. The dominant species among our CRE was K. pneumoniae (270/455, 59.3%), followed by E. coli (81/455, 17.8%), Morganella morganii (32/455, 7.0%), and Enterobacter cloacae (25/455, 5.5%). From 2011 to 2020, the total percentage of CPE increased steadily, accounting for 61.0% of CRE in 2020. Moreover, 122 of 455 CRE isolates (26.8%) were CPE. Among the CPE isolates, the dominant carbapenemase gene was blaOXA–48–like (54/122, 44.3%), and the second most common carbapenemase gene was blaKPC–2 (47/122, 38.5%). The sensitivity and specificity for mCIM to detect carbapenemase in the 455 isolates were both 100% in this study. The PFGE results showed that 39 carbapenemase-producing E. coli and 69 carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates carrying blaKPC–2 and/or blaNDM–5 could be classified into 5 and 12 clusters, respectively. In conclusion, our results showed an increase in CPE isolates in Taiwan. Moreover, the distribution of carbapenemase and antimicrobial susceptibility in CPE were associated with PFGE typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Chiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pek Kee Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tran Thi Dieu Thuy
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Kuo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jazon Harl Hidrosollo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shining Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Kao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Yen Kao,
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Lai GC, Chao TL, Lin SY, Kao HC, Tsai YM, Lu DC, Chiang YW, Chang SY, Chang SC. Neutralization or enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 infection by a monoclonal antibody targeting a specific epitope in the spike receptor-binding domain. Antiviral Res 2022; 200:105290. [PMID: 35296418 PMCID: PMC8918075 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are believed to be promising prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we reported two mouse monoclonal antibodies 7 Eb-4G and 1Ba–3H that specifically recognized the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein without exhibiting cross-reactivity with the S proteins of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The binding epitopes of 7 Eb-4G and 1Ba–3H were respectively located in the regions of residues 457–476 and 477–496 in the S protein. Only 1Ba–3H exhibited the neutralizing activity for preventing the pseudotyped lentivirus from binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-transfected HEK293T cells. The competitive ELISA further showed that 1Ba–3H interfered with the binding between RBD and ACE2. Epitope mapping experiments demonstrated that a single alanine replacement at residues 480, 482, 484, 485, and 488–491 in the RBD abrogated 1Ba–3H binding. 1Ba–3H exhibited the neutralizing activity against the wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and Epsilon variants of SARS-CoV-2, but lost the neutralizing activity against Gamma variant in the plaque reduction assay. On the contrary, 1Ba–3H enhanced the cellular infection of Gamma variant in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection mediated by the RBD-specific antibody for different SARS-CoV-2 variants must be considered while developing the NAb.
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Chang YC, Yang CF, Chen YF, Yang CC, Chou YL, Chou HW, Chang TY, Chao TL, Hsu SC, Ieong SM, Tsai YM, Liu PC, Chin YF, Fang JT, Kao HC, Lu HY, Chang JY, Weng RS, Tu QW, Chang FY, Huang KY, Lee TY, Chang SY, Yang PC. A siRNA targets and inhibits a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 infections including Delta variant. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15298. [PMID: 35138028 PMCID: PMC8988202 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants has altered the trajectory of the COVID‐19 pandemic and raised some uncertainty on the long‐term efficiency of vaccine strategy. The development of new therapeutics against a wide range of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants is imperative. We, here, have designed an inhalable siRNA, C6G25S, which covers 99.8% of current SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and is capable of inhibiting dominant strains, including Alpha, Delta, Gamma, and Epsilon, at picomolar ranges of IC50in vitro. Moreover, C6G25S could completely inhibit the production of infectious virions in lungs by prophylactic treatment, and decrease 96.2% of virions by cotreatment in K18‐hACE2‐transgenic mice, accompanied by a significant prevention of virus‐associated extensive pulmonary alveolar damage, vascular thrombi, and immune cell infiltrations. Our data suggest that C6G25S provides an alternative and effective approach to combating the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Fan Yang
- Microbio (Shanghai) Biotech Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- Oneness Biotech Company Limited, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Lin Chou
- Microbio (Shanghai) Biotech Company, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Tein-Yao Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Si-Man Ieong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Fan Chin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Tung Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Lu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | | | - Qian-Wen Tu
- Oneness Biotech Company Limited, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | | | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Tsai YM, Wang S, Chiu HC, Kao CY, Wen LL. Combination of modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA-CIM (eCIM) for phenotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:315. [PMID: 33069233 PMCID: PMC7568406 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) cause many serious infections resulting in increasing treatment cost, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality rate. Reduced expression and/or mutations of porins and the presence of carbapenemase promote Enterobacteriaceae survival under carbapenem treatments. Development of accurate methods for the detection of antimicrobial resistance is required not only for therapy but also to monitor the spread of resistant bacteria or resistance genes throughout the hospital and community. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the phenotypic methods, Modified Hodge test (MHT), modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), and EDTA-CIM (eCIM) for the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Results The results showed that mCIM had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%, whereas the MHT had a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 97.8% for the 195 CRE isolates tested (105 CPE and 90 non-CPE isolates). The sensitivity of the mCIM/eCIM to detect metallo-carbapenemases in this study was 89.3% and the specificity was 98.7% as compared to the genotypic PCR detection. Conclusions These findings indicate that the mCIM combined with eCIM is useful for detecting and distinguishing different types of carbapenemase in Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, En Chu Kong Hospital, No. 399, Fuxing Rd., Sanxia Dist, New Taipei City, 23702, Taiwan
| | - Shining Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Chiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, En Chu Kong Hospital, No. 399, Fuxing Rd., Sanxia Dist, New Taipei City, 23702, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Kao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Li Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, En Chu Kong Hospital, No. 399, Fuxing Rd., Sanxia Dist, New Taipei City, 23702, Taiwan.
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11
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Cheng YW, Chao TL, Li CL, Chiu MF, Kao HC, Wang SH, Pang YH, Lin CH, Tsai YM, Lee WH, Tao MH, Ho TC, Wu PY, Jang LT, Chen PJ, Chang SY, Yeh SH. Furin Inhibitors Block SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cleavage to Suppress Virus Production and Cytopathic Effects. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108254. [PMID: 33007239 PMCID: PMC7510585 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of specific antiviral agents is an urgent unmet need for SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study focuses on host proteases that proteolytically activate the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, critical for its fusion after binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as antiviral targets. We first validate cleavage at a putative furin substrate motif at SARS-CoV-2 spikes by expressing it in VeroE6 cells and find prominent syncytium formation. Cleavage and the syncytium are abolished by treatment with the furin inhibitors decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (CMK) and naphthofluorescein, but not by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitor camostat. CMK and naphthofluorescein show antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2-infected cells by decreasing virus production and cytopathic effects. Further analysis reveals that, similar to camostat, CMK blocks virus entry, but it further suppresses cleavage of spikes and the syncytium. Naphthofluorescein acts primarily by suppressing viral RNA transcription. Therefore, furin inhibitors may be promising antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The furin cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates syncytium formation The SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated syncytium is suppressed by specific furin inhibitors Furin inhibitors block SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and virus replication Furin inhibitors are potential antiviral agents for SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Li
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Fan Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Wang
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hau Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ching Ho
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Jang
- Biomedical Resource Core at the First Core Labs, Branch Office of Research and Development, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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12
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Chen ML, Tsai TC, Wang LK, Lin YY, Tsai YM, Lee MC, Tsai FM. Clozapine inhibits Th1 cell differentiation and causes the suppression of IFN-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:686-94. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.651535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Chen ML, Tsai TC, Wang LK, Lin YY, Tsai YM, Lee MC, Tsai FM. Risperidone modulates the cytokine and chemokine release of dendritic cells and induces TNF-α-directed cell apoptosis in neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 12:197-204. [PMID: 22154580 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) that bind mainly to the dopamine D2 receptor or the type II 5-HT receptor have been used to ease the symptoms of schizophrenia. Several studies have reported that APDs can also regulate the immune response. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. DCs can release 5-HT and dopamine to modulate T-cell activation and differentiation. In this study, we use the monocyte-derived DCs to investigate the drug effects of typical APD (haloperidol) and atypical APD (risperidone) on DCs in vitro. Our studies revealed that only risperidone but not haloperidol affected the cytokine and chemokine production of mature DCs. Risperidone increased the production of IL-10 and MDC as well as the proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, but decreased the production of IP-10 and IL-12. Furthermore, the exposure of DCs to risperidone led to lower IFN-γ production by T-cells. The results suggested that risperidone can modulate the DCs' immune function by inhibiting the potent Th1 cytokines and increasing the potent Th2 cytokines. In addition, the production of TNF-α by risperidone-treated mature DCs will induce the death of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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14
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Chen ML, Tsai TC, Lin YY, Tsai YM, Wang LK, Lee MC, Tsai FM. Antipsychotic drugs suppress the AKT/NF-κB pathway and regulate the differentiation of T-cell subsets. Immunol Lett 2011; 140:81-91. [PMID: 21763349 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are commonly used to ease the symptoms of schizophrenia; however, these same drugs also have an effect on the human immune system. Our previous studies have shown that risperidone and clozapine effectively decrease the production of IFN-γ for CD4(+) T-cells in PBMC. In contrast, haloperidol causes an increase in the production of IFN-γ for CD4(+) T-cells in PBMC. In this study we show that risperidone and clozapine can reduce Th1 cell differentiation and T-bet expression. The differentiation of Th1 cells was reduced in clozapine or risperidone treated PBMC by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT but not STAT-4. Typical APD, haloperidol, had the opposite effect in regulating T cell differentiation when compared with atypical APDs including risperidone and clozapine. Haloperidol decreased the expression of GATA-3, a Th2-related transcription factor, by inhibiting NF-κB activation rather than STAT-6 phosphorylation and thus decreased Th2 differentiation. In addition, chronic risperidone and clozapine treatment reduces the IFN-γ producing CD4(+) T-cell population within PBMC. In conclusion, this study suggests that APDs do indeed regulate the body's immune response and therefore all APDs should have their own patent in regulating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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15
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Huang CH, Chang SY, Wang NS, Tsai YM. The application of intramolecular radical cyclizations of acylsilanes in the regiospecific formation of cyclic silyl enol ethers. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8983-91. [PMID: 11749631 DOI: 10.1021/jo010883s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acylsilanes with terminal alpha-stannyl bromide or xanthate functionalities are prepared. Alpha-stannyl radicals generated from these acylsilanes undergo intramolecular cyclizations to give cyclic silyl enol ethers regiospecifically. The radical processes involve radical cyclization, Brook rearrangement, and beta-fragmentation in sequence. A tributylstannyl group serves as the radical leaving group. The newly formed sigma-bond and pi-bond are located between the same two carbon atoms. This approach is limited to the formation of five-membered rings. In another route, omega-bromo-alpha-phenylsulfonylacylsilanes are synthesized. The radical cyclizations of these alpha-sulfonylacylsilanes also give cyclic silyl enol ethers. The phenylsulfonyl moiety is the radical leaving group in this system. Furthermore, the newly formed sigma-bond and pi-bond are located at adjacent positions sharing a single carbon atom. The latter approach is effective for both five- and six-membered ring formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
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16
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Lin LF, Ko KC, Tsai YM, Huang JS. Buried bumper syndrome--complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:315-9. [PMID: 11499343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has gained wide acceptance as a relatively safe and efficient means of long-term enteral nutrition support. We describe an elderly patient in whom the internal bumper eroded into the gastric wall and was completely covered by gastric mucosa about 2 months after gastrostomy tube placement. The end orifice of the gastrostomy tube in the stomach lumen was patent, so it functioned well. Needle-type papillotome was applied endoscopically to cut the overlying mucosa, explored the buried bumper and then, reverted the gastrostomy tube in situ. We reviewed the reported methods and recommended this approach for patients with "buried bumper" syndrome to prevent continued tube migration into the gastric wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yung-Kang Veterans Hospital, 427, Fu-Hsing Road, Yung-Kung Village, Yung-Kung 710, Taiwan.
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Wang FD, Cheng YY, Kung SP, Tsai YM, Liu CY. Risk factors of catheter-related infections in total parenteral nutrition catheterization. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:223-30. [PMID: 11458760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of central venous catheter for administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a risk factor of catheter-related infections (CRIs) that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased medical costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors of CRIs in patients with administration of TPN. METHODS A total of 1134 patients receiving TPN between January, 1996 and December, 1998 were studied. The category of infection included definite catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI), probable CR-BSI, and insertion site infection. Statistical analysis of risk factors was performed. RESULTS A total of 131 episodes of CRI occurred, representing an infection rate of 11.46%. Ninety-three episodes (8.1%) had probable CR-BSI, 13 episodes (1.1%) had definite CR-BSI, and 25 episodes (2.2%) had insertion site infection. Duration of TPN infusion and frequency of catheter insertion showed statistically significant difference by logistic regression multivariate analysis. The isolated organisms were in sequence of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (19.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.2%) and Candida albicans (14.4%). CONCLUSIONS Risk factors influencing the occurrence of CRI in TPN administration were multifactorial; however, duration of TPN infusion and frequency of catheter insertion were the main factors in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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18
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Kung SP, Tai LJ, Yu YE, Tsai YM, Lin SJ, Hou SC, Wu CW. Clinical significance of serum transferrin. Nutrition 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(97)85165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Kung SP, Tai LJ, Yu YE, Tsai YM, Lin SJ, Hou SC, Wu CW. A discussion for iron supplement during short-term total parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(97)85162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Liang DC, Lin JC, Shih SL, Huang JK, Wong LY, Shu SG, Hsieh YL, Yang CP, Tsai YM, Lin ST. Cranial computed tomography in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after prophylactic treatment with cranial radiation therapy and intrathecal methotrexate. Cancer 1993; 71:2105-8. [PMID: 8443759 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930315)71:6<2105::aid-cncr2820710627>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Thirty-one children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had received cranial radiation therapy (CrRT) and five concomitant doses of intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTX) for central nervous system prophylaxis (CNSP) and who had an event-free survival exceeding 5 years had cranial computed tomography (Cr CT) examination. The fractional dose for 21 of them was 1.5 Gy. The interval between the completion of CNSP and the time of Cr CT ranged from 5 to 8.5 years, with a median of 5 years 2 months. RESULTS Unlike the previous reports in the literature that 9-77% of children with ALL who had received Cr RT 18 Gy and IT MTX as CNSP had CT scan abnormalities, in this study no patient had CT scan abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our results might be attributable to the fractional dose of Cr RT being adequate, the IT chemotherapy being suitable, and the systemic chemotherapy not being intensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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21
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Abstract
A photoreactive, radioiodinated derivative of platelet activating factor (PAF), 1-O-(4-azido-2-hydroxy-3-iodobenzamido)undecyl-2-O-acetyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphocholine ([125I]AAGP), was synthesized and used as a photoaffinity probe to study the PAF binding sites in rabbit platelet membranes. The nonradioactive analog, IAAGP, induced rabbit platelet aggregation with an EC50 value of 3.2 +/- 1.9 nM as compared to 0.40 +/- 0.25 nM for PAF. Specific binding of [125I]AAGP to rabbit platelet membranes was saturable with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.4 +/- 0.7 nM and a receptor density (Bmax) of 1.1 +/- 0.2 pmol/mg protein. Photoaffinity labeling of platelet membranes with [125I]AAGP revealed several 125I-labeled components by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A protein species with apparent molecular weight of 52,000 was consistently observed and inhibited significantly by unlabeled PAF at nanomolar concentrations. The labeling was specific since the PAF antagonists, SRI-63,675 and L-652,731, at 1 uM also blocked the appearance of this band; whereas lysoPAF was not effective at the same concentration. These results suggest that the binding sites of PAF receptor in rabbit platelets reside in the polypeptide of Mr = 52,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Chau
- Division of Eicosanoid and Lipid Mediator Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Tsai YM, Lee PP, Liu CH. A case of primary atypical pneumonia complicated with severe thrombocytopenia. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1985; 84:742-6. [PMID: 3863890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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