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Li T, Du Y, Yao H, Zhao B, Wang Z, Chen R, Ji Y, Du M. Isobavachin attenuates osteoclastogenesis and periodontitis-induced bone loss by inhibiting cellular iron accumulation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116202. [PMID: 38615917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
As bone-resorbing cells rich in mitochondria, osteoclasts require high iron uptake to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and maintain a high-energy metabolic state for active bone resorption. Given that abnormal osteoclast formation and activation leads to imbalanced bone remodeling and osteolytic bone loss, osteoclasts may be crucial targets for treating osteolytic diseases such as periodontitis. Isobavachin (IBA), a natural flavonoid compound, has been confirmed to be an inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). However, its effects on periodontitis-induced bone loss and the potential mechanism of its anti-osteoclastogenesis effect remain unclear. Our study demonstrated that IBA suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in BMMs and RAW264.7 cells and inhibited osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that iron homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process were enriched among the differentially expressed genes following IBA treatment. IBA exerted its anti-osteoclastogenesis effect by inhibiting iron accumulation in osteoclasts. Mechanistically, IBA attenuated iron accumulation in RANKL-induced osteoclasts by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway to upregulate ferroportin1 (Fpn1) expression and promote Fpn1-mediated intracellular iron efflux. We also found that IBA inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and reduced RANKL-induced ROS generation in osteoclasts. Furthermore, IBA attenuated periodontitis-induced bone loss by reducing osteoclastogenesis in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that IBA may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for bone diseases characterized by osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangge Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hantao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rourong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoting Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Minquan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Morel L, Scindia Y. Functional consequence of Iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110181. [PMID: 38458303 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its renal manifestation Lupus nephritis (LN) are characterized by a dysregulated immune system, autoantibodies, and injury to the renal parenchyma. Iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the immune effectors and renal tubules are recently identified pathological features in SLE and LN. Ferroptosis is an iron dependent non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death and ferroptosis inhibitors have improved disease outcomes in murine models of SLE, identifying it as a novel druggable target. In this review, we discuss novel mechanisms by which iron accumulation and ferroptosis perpetuate immune cell mediated pathology in SLE/LN. We highlight intra-renal dysregulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis as an underlying pathogenic mechanism of renal tubular injury. The basic concepts of iron biology and ferroptosis are also discussed to expose the links between iron, cell metabolism and ferroptosis, that identify intracellular pro-ferroptotic enzymes and their protein conjugates as potential targets to improve SLE/LN outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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3
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Dunaway LS, Loeb SA, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Isakson BE. Heme metabolism in nonerythroid cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107132. [PMID: 38432636 PMCID: PMC10988061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing prosthetic group necessary for the function of several proteins termed "hemoproteins." Erythrocytes contain most of the body's heme in the form of hemoglobin and contain high concentrations of free heme. In nonerythroid cells, where cytosolic heme concentrations are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower, heme plays an essential and often overlooked role in a variety of cellular processes. Indeed, hemoproteins are found in almost every subcellular compartment and are integral in cellular operations such as oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Growing evidence reveals the participation of heme in dynamic processes such as circadian rhythms, NO signaling, and the modulation of enzyme activity. This dynamic view of heme biology uncovers exciting possibilities as to how hemoproteins may participate in a range of physiologic systems. Here, we discuss how heme is regulated at the level of its synthesis, availability, redox state, transport, and degradation and highlight the implications for cellular function and whole organism physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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4
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Ullah I, Lang M. Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279826. [PMID: 37942316 PMCID: PMC10627961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a crucial role in the biochemistry and development of nearly all living organisms. Iron starvation of pathogens during infection is a striking feature utilized by a host to quell infection. In mammals and some other animals, iron is essentially obtained from diet and recycled from erythrocytes. Free iron is cytotoxic and is readily available to invading pathogens. During infection, most pathogens utilize host iron for their survival. Therefore, to ensure limited free iron, the host's natural system denies this metal in a process termed nutritional immunity. In this fierce battle for iron, hosts win over some pathogens, but others have evolved mechanisms to overdrive the host barriers. Production of siderophores, heme iron thievery, and direct binding of transferrin and lactoferrin to bacterial receptors are some of the pathogens' successful strategies which are highlighted in this review. The intricate interplay between hosts and pathogens in iron alteration systems is crucial for understanding host defense mechanisms and pathogen virulence. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of host and pathogen iron alteration systems and propose future research directions to enhance our knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
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5
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DeMartino AW, Poudel L, Dent MR, Chen X, Xu Q, Gladwin BS, Tejero J, Basu S, Alipour E, Jiang Y, Rose JJ, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. Thiol-catalyzed formation of NO-ferroheme regulates intravascular NO signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1256-1266. [PMID: 37710075 PMCID: PMC10897909 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule that regulates blood flow and platelet activation. However, intracellular and intravascular diffusion of NO are limited by scavenging reactions with several hemoproteins, raising questions as to how free NO can signal in hemoprotein-rich environments. We explore the hypothesis that NO can be stabilized as a labile ferrous heme-nitrosyl complex (Fe2+-NO, NO-ferroheme). We observe a reaction between NO, labile ferric heme (Fe3+) and reduced thiols to yield NO-ferroheme and a thiyl radical. This thiol-catalyzed reductive nitrosylation occurs when heme is solubilized in lipophilic environments such as red blood cell membranes or bound to serum albumin. The resulting NO-ferroheme resists oxidative inactivation, is soluble in cell membranes and is transported intravascularly by albumin to promote potent vasodilation. We therefore provide an alternative route for NO delivery from erythrocytes and blood via transfer of NO-ferroheme and activation of apo-soluble guanylyl cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laxman Poudel
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan S Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elmira Alipour
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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6
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David S, Ryan F, Jhelum P, Kroner A. Ferroptosis in Neurological Disease. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:591-615. [PMID: 35678019 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron accumulation in the CNS occurs in many neurological disorders. It can contribute to neuropathology as iron is a redox-active metal that can generate free radicals. The reasons for the iron buildup in these conditions are varied and depend on which aspects of iron influx, efflux, or sequestration that help maintain iron homeostasis are dysregulated. Iron was shown recently to induce cell death and damage via lipid peroxidation under conditions in which there is deficient glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense. This form of cell death is called ferroptosis. Iron chelation has had limited success in the treatment of neurological disease. There is therefore much interest in ferroptosis as it potentially offers new drugs that could be more effective in reducing iron-mediated lipid peroxidation within the lipid-rich environment of the CNS. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that induce ferroptosis. We also address how iron enters and leaves the CNS, as well as the evidence for ferroptosis in several neurological disorders. Finally, we highlight biomarkers of ferroptosis and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Burnet AM, Brunetti T, Rochford R. Hemin treatment drives viral reactivation and plasma cell differentiation of EBV latently infected B cells. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011561. [PMID: 37639483 PMCID: PMC10491393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Plasmodium falciparum have a well described role in the development of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL), yet the mechanisms involved remain unknown. A major hallmark of malarial disease is hemolysis and bystander eryptosis of red blood cells, which causes release of free heme in large quantities into peripheral blood. We hypothesized that heme released during malaria infection drives differentiation of latently infected EBV-positive B cells, resulting in viral reactivation and release of infectious virus. To test this hypothesis, we used the EBV-positive Mutu I B-cell line and treated with hemin (the oxidized form of heme) and evaluated evidence of EBV reactivation. Hemin treatment resulted in the expression of EBV immediate early, early and late lytic gene transcripts. In addition, expression of CD138, a marker of plasma cells was co-expressed with the late lytic protein gp350 on hemin treated Mutu I cells. Finally, DNase-resistant EBV DNA indicative of virion production was detected in supernatant. To assess the transcriptional changes induced by hemin treatment, RNA sequencing was performed on mock- and hemin-treated Mutu I cells, and a shift from mature B cell transcripts to plasma cell transcripts was identified. To identify the mechanism of hemin-induced B cell differentiation, we measured levels of the plasma cell transcriptional repressor, BACH2, that contains specific heme binding sites. Hemin treatment caused significant degradation of BACH2 by 24 hours post-treatment in four BL cell lines (two EBV positive, two EBV negative). Knockdown of BACH2 in Mutu I cells using siRNAs significantly increased CD138+gp350+ cells to levels similar to treatment with hemin. This suggested that hemin induced BACH2 degradation was responsible for plasma cell differentiation and viral reactivation. Together, these data support a model where EBV reactivation can occur during malaria infection via heme modulation, providing a mechanistic link between malaria and EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Burnet
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tonya Brunetti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Pires IS, Berthiaume F, Palmer AF. Engineering Therapeutics to Detoxify Hemoglobin, Heme, and Iron. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:1-21. [PMID: 37289555 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081622-031203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemolysis (i.e., red blood cell lysis) can increase circulatory levels of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) and its degradation by-products, namely heme (h) and iron (Fe). Under homeostasis, minor increases in these three hemolytic by-products (Hb/h/Fe) are rapidly scavenged and cleared by natural plasma proteins. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, scavenging systems become overwhelmed, leading to the accumulation of Hb/h/Fe in the circulation. Unfortunately, these species cause various side effects such as vasoconstriction, hypertension, and oxidative organ damage. Therefore, various therapeutics strategies are in development, ranging from supplementation with depleted plasma scavenger proteins to engineered biomimetic protein constructs capable of scavenging multiple hemolytic species. In this review, we briefly describe hemolysis and the characteristics of the major plasma-derived protein scavengers of Hb/h/Fe. Finally, we present novel engineering approaches designed to address the toxicity of these hemolytic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
| | - François Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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9
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De Simone G, Varricchio R, Ruberto TF, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Heme Scavenging and Delivery: The Role of Human Serum Albumin. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030575. [PMID: 36979511 PMCID: PMC10046553 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is the reactive center of several metal-based proteins that are involved in multiple biological processes. However, free heme, defined as the labile heme pool, has toxic properties that are derived from its hydrophobic nature and the Fe-atom. Therefore, the heme concentration must be tightly controlled to maintain cellular homeostasis and to avoid pathological conditions. Therefore, different systems have been developed to scavenge either Hb (i.e., haptoglobin (Hp)) or the free heme (i.e., high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), hemopexin (Hx), and human serum albumin (HSA)). In the first seconds after heme appearance in the plasma, more than 80% of the heme binds to HDL and LDL, and only the remaining 20% binds to Hx and HSA. Then, HSA slowly removes most of the heme from HDL and LDL, and finally, heme transits to Hx, which releases it into hepatic parenchymal cells. The Hx:heme or HSA:heme complexes are internalized via endocytosis mediated by the CD91 and CD71 receptors, respectively. As heme constitutes a major iron source for pathogens, bacteria have evolved hemophores that can extract and uptake heme from host proteins, including HSA:heme. Here, the molecular mechanisms underlying heme scavenging and delivery from HSA are reviewed. Moreover, the relevance of HSA in disease states associated with increased heme plasma concentrations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Simone
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Romualdo Varricchio
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Francesco Ruberto
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Centro Linceo Interdisciplinare Beniamino Segre, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Sciences, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 00165 Roma, Italy
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Kim JM, Yoo SD, Park EJ. Nutritional Biomarkers as Predictors of Dysphonia Severity in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030652. [PMID: 36771359 PMCID: PMC9919533 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysphonia and malnutrition are major problems in patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke. Tools to assess dysphonia severity include the dysphonia severity index (DSI) and maximum phonation time (MPT). This study aimed to investigate whether the nutritional biomarkers transferrin, albumin, and prealbumin could be predictors of dysphonia severity. A retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2018 and October 2022. A total of 180 patients who had suffered an ischemic stroke were included. Serum transferrin, albumin, and prealbumin levels were significantly correlated with DSI and MPT levels. In a multiple regression analysis, prealbumin and transferrin were significant predictors of DSI, whereas only prealbumin was a significant predictor of MPT. Serum transferrin, albumin, and prealbumin levels in patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke may correlate with dysphonia severity as assessed using DSI and MPT. These results may provide objective evidence that nutritional biomarkers affect dysphonia severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Eo Jin Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-440-7246
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DeMartino AW, Poudel L, Dent MR, Chen X, Xu Q, Gladwin BS, Tejero J, Basu S, Alipour E, Jiang Y, Rose JJ, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. Thiol catalyzed formation of NO-ferroheme regulates canonical intravascular NO signaling. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2402224. [PMID: 36711928 PMCID: PMC9882697 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2402224/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced physiological signaling molecule that regulates blood flow and platelet activation. However, both the intracellular and intravascular diffusion of NO is severely limited by scavenging reactions with hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other hemoproteins, raising unanswered questions as to how free NO can signal in hemoprotein-rich environments, like blood and cardiomyocytes. We explored the hypothesis that NO could be stabilized as a ferrous heme-nitrosyl complex (Fe 2+ -NO, NO-ferroheme) either in solution within membranes or bound to albumin. Unexpectedly, we observed a rapid reaction of NO with free ferric heme (Fe 3+ ) and a reduced thiol under physiological conditions to yield NO-ferroheme and a thiyl radical. This thiol-catalyzed reductive nitrosylation reaction occurs readily when the hemin is solubilized in lipophilic environments, such as red blood cell membranes, or bound to serum albumin. NO-ferroheme albumin is stable, even in the presence of excess oxyhemoglobin, and potently inhibits platelet activation. NO-ferroheme-albumin administered intravenously to mice dose-dependently vasodilates at low- to mid-nanomolar concentrations. In conclusion, we report the fastest rate of reductive nitrosylation observed to date to generate a NO-ferroheme molecule that resists oxidative inactivation, is soluble in cell membranes, and is transported intravascularly by albumin to promote potent vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Laxman Poudel
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Matthew R. Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Brendan S. Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Elmira Alipour
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Jason J. Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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12
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Dias AMM, Courteau A, Bellaye PS, Kohli E, Oudot A, Doulain PE, Petitot C, Walker PM, Decréau R, Collin B. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Immunotherapy of Cancers through Macrophages and Magnetic Hyperthermia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2388. [PMID: 36365207 PMCID: PMC9694944 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has tremendous promise, but it has yet to be clinically applied in a wider variety of tumor situations. Many therapeutic combinations are envisaged to improve their effectiveness. In this way, strategies capable of inducing immunogenic cell death (e.g., doxorubicin, radiotherapy, hyperthermia) and the reprogramming of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) (e.g., M2-to-M1-like macrophages repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)) are particularly appealing to enhance the efficacy of approved immunotherapies (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs). Due to their modular construction and versatility, iron oxide-based nanomedicines such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can combine these different approaches in a single agent. SPIONs have already shown their safety and biocompatibility and possess both drug-delivery (e.g., chemotherapy, ICIs) and magnetic capabilities (e.g., magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), magnetic resonance imaging). In this review, we will discuss the multiple applications of SPIONs in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their theranostic properties to target TAMs and to generate MHT. The first section of this review will briefly describe immune targets for NPs. The following sections will deal with the overall properties of SPIONs (including MHT). The last section is dedicated to the SPION-induced immune response through its effects on TAMs and MHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M. M. Dias
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Alan Courteau
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
- ImViA Laboratory, EA 7535, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Labex LipSTIC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Evelyne Kohli
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Labex LipSTIC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France
- University Hospital Centre François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Oudot
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
| | | | - Camille Petitot
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Paul-Michael Walker
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
- ImViA Laboratory, EA 7535, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- University Hospital Centre François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Richard Decréau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS/uB 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21079 Dijon, France
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS/uB 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079 Dijon, France
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13
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Sokolov AV, Isakova-Sivak IN, Mezhenskaya DA, Kostevich VA, Gorbunov NP, Elizarova AY, Matyushenko VA, Berson YM, Grudinina NA, Kolmakov NN, Zabrodskaya YA, Komlev AS, Semak IV, Budevich AI, Rudenko LG, Vasilyev VB. Molecular mimicry of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: from the interaction of spike-specific antibodies with transferrin and lactoferrin to the antiviral effects of human recombinant lactoferrin. Biometals 2022; 36:437-462. [PMID: 36334191 PMCID: PMC9638208 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involves dysregulations of iron metabolism, and although the mechanism of this pathology is not yet fully understood, correction of iron metabolism pathways seems a promising pharmacological target. The previously observed effect of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection by ferristatin II, an inducer of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) degradation, prompted the study of competition between Spike protein and TfR1 ligands, especially lactoferrin (Lf) and transferrin (Tf). We hypothesized molecular mimicry of Spike protein as cross-reactivity of Spike-specific antibodies with Tf and Lf. Thus, strong positive correlations (R2 > 0.95) were found between the level of Spike-specific IgG antibodies present in serum samples of COVID-19-recovered and Sputnik V-vaccinated individuals and their Tf-binding activity assayed with peroxidase-labeled anti-Tf. In addition, we observed cross-reactivity of Lf-specific murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) towards the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. On the other hand, the interaction of mAbs produced to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Spike protein with recombinant RBD protein was disrupted by Tf, Lf, soluble TfR1, anti-TfR1 aptamer, as well as by peptides RGD and GHAIYPRH. Furthermore, direct interaction of RBD protein with Lf, but not Tf, was observed, with affinity of binding estimated by KD to be 23 nM and 16 nM for apo-Lf and holo-Lf, respectively. Treatment of Vero E6 cells with apo-Lf and holo-Lf (1–4 mg/mL) significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication of both Wuhan and Delta lineages. Protective effects of Lf on different arms of SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenesis and possible consequences of cross-reactivity of Spike-specific antibodies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
| | - I N Isakova-Sivak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - D A Mezhenskaya
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - V A Kostevich
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - N P Gorbunov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - A Yu Elizarova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - V A Matyushenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Yu M Berson
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - N A Grudinina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - N N Kolmakov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Y A Zabrodskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova Str. 15/17, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.,Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Ulitsa Polytechnicheskaya, 194064, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A S Komlev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - I V Semak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave. 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A I Budevich
- Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding, 11 Frunze Str., 222160, Zhodino, Belarus
| | - L G Rudenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - V B Vasilyev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academica Pavlova Str. 12, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
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14
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Guo Z, Zhang Y. Allicin promotes autophagy and ferroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating AMPK/mTOR signaling. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11005. [PMID: 36311361 PMCID: PMC9615361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effects of allicin have been demonstrated in various cancers. However, whether allicin improves esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanism of action of allicin in ESCC treatment. Our data showed that allicin significantly suppressed ESCC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A green fluorescent protein-light chain 3 (LC3) transfection assay showed that autophagosomes were elevated in ESCC cells treated with allicin compared with control ESCC cells and that 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) reversed allicin-induced LC3 puncta. Furthermore, allicin significantly elevated the ratio of LC3II/LC3I but decreased p62 expression in ESCC cells. Allicin also increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation but decreased that of the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR), which then induced the elevation of autophagy-related 5 and autophagy-related 7 proteins in ESCC cells. Furthermore, allicin treatment increased the expression of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (a selective cargo receptor) but suppressed the expression of ferritin heavy chain 1 (the major intracellular iron-storage protein) in ESCC cells and elevated malondialdehyde and Fe2+ production levels. In vivo assays showed that allicin significantly decreased tumor weight and volume. In summary, allicin may induce cell death in ESCC cells by activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy and ferroptosis. Therefore, allicin may have excellent potential for use in the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 826, Southwest Road, Hekou District, Dalian City, 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Third Department of Cadres, 967 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 80 Shengli Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
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15
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Abstract
An abundant metal in the human body, iron is essential for key biological pathways including oxygen transport, DNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Most iron is bound to heme but it can also be incorporated into iron-sulfur clusters or bind directly to proteins. Iron's capacity to cycle between Fe2+ and Fe3+ contributes to its biological utility but also renders it toxic in excess. Heme is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole essential for diverse biological functions including gas transport and sensing, oxidative metabolism, and xenobiotic detoxification. Like iron, heme is essential yet toxic in excess. As such, both iron and heme homeostasis are tightly regulated. Here we discuss molecular and physiologic aspects of iron and heme metabolism. We focus on dietary absorption; cellular import; utilization; and export, recycling, and elimination, emphasizing studies published in recent years. We end with a discussion on current challenges and needs in the field of iron and heme biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Dutt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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16
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David S, Jhelum P, Ryan F, Jeong SY, Kroner A. Dysregulation of Iron Homeostasis in the Central Nervous System and the Role of Ferroptosis in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:150-170. [PMID: 34569265 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Iron accumulation occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) in a variety of neurological conditions as diverse as spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and others. Iron is a redox-active metal that gives rise to damaging free radicals if its intracellular levels are not controlled or if it is not properly sequestered within cells. The accumulation of iron occurs due to dysregulation of mechanisms that control cellular iron homeostasis. Recent Advances: The molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular iron homeostasis have been revealed in much detail in the past three decades, and new advances continue to be made. Understanding which aspects of iron homeostasis are dysregulated in different conditions will provide insights into the causes of iron accumulation and iron-mediated tissue damage. Recent advances in iron-dependent lipid peroxidation leading to cell death, called ferroptosis, has provided useful insights that are highly relevant for the lipid-rich environment of the CNS. Critical Issues: This review examines the mechanisms that control normal cellular iron homeostasis, the dysregulation of these mechanisms in neurological disorders, and more recent work on how iron can induce tissue damage via ferroptosis. Future Directions: Quick and reliable tests are needed to determine if and when ferroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In addition, there is need to develop better druggable agents to scavenge lipid radicals and reduce CNS damage for neurological conditions for which there are currently few effective treatments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 150-170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Suh Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Johnson M, El-Khoueiry A, Hafez N, Lakhani N, Mamdani H, Rodon J, Sanborn RE, Garcia-Corbacho J, Boni V, Stroh M, Hannah AL, Wang S, Castro H, Spira A. Phase I, First-in-Human Study of the Probody Therapeutic CX-2029 in Adults with Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4521-4530. [PMID: 34083236 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PROCLAIM-CX-2029 is a phase I first-in-human study of CX-2029, a Probody-drug conjugate targeting CD71 (transferrin receptor 1) in adults with advanced solid tumors. Although the transferrin receptor is highly expressed across multiple tumor types, it has not been considered a target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) due to its broad expression on normal cells. CX-2029 is a masked form of a proprietary anti-CD71 antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E, designed to be unmasked in the tumor microenvironment by tumor-associated proteases, therefore limiting off-tumor toxicity and creating a therapeutic window for this previously undruggable target. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a dose-escalation, multicenter trial to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of CX-2029. The primary endpoint was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). CX-2029 was administered i.v. every 3 weeks. RESULTS Forty-five patients were enrolled in eight dose levels. No DLTs were reported in the dose escalation through 4 mg/kg. At 5 mg/kg, there were two DLTs (febrile neutropenia and pancytopenia). Following expansion of the 4 mg/kg dose to six patients, two additional DLTs were observed (infusion-related reaction and neutropenia/anemia). Both the 4 and 5 mg/kg doses were declared above the maximum tolerated dose. The recommended phase II dose is 3 mg/kg. The most common dose-dependent hematologic toxicities were anemia and neutropenia. Confirmed partial responses were observed in three patients, all with squamous histologies. CONCLUSIONS The Probody therapeutic platform enables targeting CD71, a previously undruggable ADC target, at tolerable doses associated with clinical activity.See related commentary by Oberoi and Garralda, p. 4459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jordi Rodon
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel E Sanborn
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Javier Garcia-Corbacho
- Department of Medical Oncology (Hospital Clinic Barcelona)/Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina Boni
- START Madrid-CIOCC, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Stroh
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Song Wang
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Henry Castro
- CytomX Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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18
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Ozen M, Kitase Y, Vasan V, Burkhardt C, Ramachandra S, Robinson S, Jantzie LL. Chorioamnionitis Precipitates Perinatal Alterations of Heme-Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) Homeostasis in the Developing Rat Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115773. [PMID: 34071287 PMCID: PMC8198804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis (CHORIO), placental insufficiency, and preterm birth are well-known antecedents of perinatal brain injury (PBI). Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an important inducible enzyme in oxidative and inflammatory conditions. In the brain, HO-1 and the iron regulatory receptor, transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1), are known to be involved in iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and cellular adaptive mechanisms. However, the role of HO pathway in the pathophysiology of PBI has not been previously studied. In this study, we set out to define the ontogeny of the HO pathway in the brain and determine if CHORIO changed its normal developmental regulation. We also aimed to determine the role of HO-1/TfR1 in CHORIO-induced neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammation in a clinically relevant rat model of PBI. We show that HO-1, HO-2, and TfR1 expression are developmentally regulated in the brain during the perinatal period. CHORIO elevates HO-1 and TfR1 mRNA expression in utero and in the early postnatal period and results in sustained increase in HO-1/TfR1 ratios in the brain. This is associated with neuroinflammatory and peripheral immune phenotype supported by a significant increase in brain mononuclear cells and peripheral blood double negative T cells suggesting a role of HO-1/TfR1 pathway dysregulation in CHORIO-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maide Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.K.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.L.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuma Kitase
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.K.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.L.J.)
| | - Vikram Vasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.K.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.L.J.)
| | - Christopher Burkhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.K.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.L.J.)
| | - Sindhu Ramachandra
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.K.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.L.J.)
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.K.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.L.J.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.K.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.L.J.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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19
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Pires IS, Govender K, Munoz CJ, Williams AT, O'Boyle QT, Savla C, Cabrales P, Palmer AF. Purification and analysis of a protein cocktail capable of scavenging cell-free hemoglobin, heme, and iron. Transfusion 2021; 61:1894-1907. [PMID: 33817808 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemolysis releases toxic cell-free hemoglobin (Hb), heme, and iron, which overwhelm their natural scavenging mechanisms during acute or chronic hemolytic conditions. This study describes a novel strategy to purify a protein cocktail containing a comprehensive set of scavenger proteins for potential treatment of hemolysis byproducts. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Tangential flow filtration was used to purify a protein cocktail from Human Cohn Fraction IV (FIV). A series of in vitro assays were performed to characterize composition and biocompatibility. The in vivo potential for hemolysis byproduct mitigation was assessed in a hamster exchange transfusion model using mechanically hemolyzed blood plasma mixed with the protein cocktail or a control colloid (dextran 70 kDa). RESULTS A basis of 500 g of FIV yielded 62 ± 9 g of a protein mixture at 170 g/L, which bound to approximately 0.6 mM Hb, 1.2 mM heme, and 1.2 mM iron. This protein cocktail was shown to be biocompatible in vitro with red blood cells and platelets and exhibits nonlinear concentration dependence with respect to viscosity and colloidal osmotic pressure. In vivo assessment of the protein cocktail demonstrated higher iron transport to the liver and spleen and less to the kidney and heart with significantly reduced renal and cardiac inflammation markers and lower kidney and hepatic damage compared to a control colloid. DISCUSSION Taken together, this study provides an effective method for large-scale production of a protein cocktail suitable for comprehensive reduction of hemolysis-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Krianthan Govender
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carlos J Munoz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alexander T Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Quintin T O'Boyle
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chintan Savla
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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