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Hu Z, Qin Z, Xie J, Qu Y, Yin L. Cannabidiol and its application in the treatment of oral diseases: therapeutic potentials, routes of administration and prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116271. [PMID: 38788594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the most important active ingredients in cannabis, has been reported to have some pharmacological effects such as antibacterial and analgesic effects, and to have therapeutic potential in the treatment of oral diseases such as oral cancer, gingivitis and periodontal diseases. However, there is a lack of relevant systematic research and reviews. Therefore, based on the etiology and clinical symptoms of several common oral diseases, this paper focuses on the therapeutic potential of CBD in periodontal diseases, pulp diseases, oral mucosal diseases, oral cancer and temporomandibular joint diseases. The pharmacological effects of CBD and the distribution and function of its receptors in the oral cavity are also summarized. In order to provide reference for future research and further clinical application of CBD, we also summarize several possible routes of administration and corresponding characteristics. Finally, the challenges faced while applying CBD clinically and possible solutions are discussed, and we also look to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Hu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zishun Qin
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinhong Xie
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Qu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lihua Yin
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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2
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Tai W, Arnold JC, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. Spray freeze dried cannabidiol with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) for inhalation and solubility enhancement. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124235. [PMID: 38762165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is an efficient route of administration to deliver cannabidiol (CBD) due to the high bioavailability and fast onset of action. The major formulation challenge is the poor aqueous solubility of CBD. This study aimed to produce inhalable CBD powders with enhanced solubility and characterise their solid-state properties. CBD was spray freeze dried with mannitol or trehalose dihydrate with and without dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). All four powders had acceptable yields at > 70 % with porous and spherical particles. The two crystalline mannitol powders contained less residual solvent than both amorphous trehalose ones. The addition of DPPC did not affect the crystallinity and residual solvent level of the powders. Instead, DPPC made the particles more porous, decreased the particle size from 19-23 µm to 11-13 µm, and increased CBD solubility from 0.36 µg/mL to over 2 µg/mL. The two DPPC powders were dispersed from a low resistance RS01 inhaler, showing acceptable aerosol performance with emitted fractions at 91-93 % and fine particle fractions < 5 µm at 34-43 %. These formulations can be used as a platform to deliver CBD and other cannabinoids by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathon Carl Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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3
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Barker H, Ferraro MJ. Exploring the versatile roles of the endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in modulating bacterial infections. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0002024. [PMID: 38775488 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00020-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), initially identified for its role in maintaining homeostasis, particularly in regulating brain function, has evolved into a complex orchestrator influencing various physiological processes beyond its original association with the nervous system. Notably, an expanding body of evidence emphasizes the ECS's crucial involvement in regulating immune responses. While the specific role of the ECS in bacterial infections remains under ongoing investigation, compelling indications suggest its active participation in host-pathogen interactions. Incorporating the ECS into the framework of bacterial pathogen infections introduces a layer of complexity to our understanding of its functions. While some studies propose the potential of cannabinoids to modulate bacterial function and immune responses, the outcomes inherently hinge on the specific infection and cannabinoid under consideration. Moreover, the bidirectional relationship between the ECS and the gut microbiota underscores the intricate interplay among diverse physiological processes. The ECS extends its influence far beyond its initial discovery, emerging as a promising therapeutic target across a spectrum of medical conditions, encompassing bacterial infections, dysbiosis, and sepsis. This review comprehensively explores the complex roles of the ECS in the modulation of bacteria, the host's response to bacterial infections, and the dynamics of the microbiome. Special emphasis is placed on the roles of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2, whose signaling intricately influences immune cell function in microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Barker
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mariola J Ferraro
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Lakes JE, Ferrell JL, Berhow MA, Flythe MD. Antimicrobial effects of cannabidiol on select agriculturally important Clostridia. Anaerobe 2024; 87:102843. [PMID: 38537865 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Amino acid-fermenting Clostridia have undesirable effects in agricultural systems, which can be mitigated by antibiotics, but resistance necessitates alternatives. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of cannabidiol on growth and ammonia inhibition of five agriculturally relevant Clostridia: Clostridium sporogenes, Peptostreptococcus spp., Clostridioides difficile, Acetoanaerobium sticklandii, and Clostridium aminophilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan E Lakes
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jessica L Ferrell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mark A Berhow
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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5
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Jirasek P, Jusku A, Frankova J, Urbankova M, Diabelko D, Ruzicka F, Papouskova B, Chytilova K, Vrba J, Havlasek J, Langova K, Storch J, Voborna I, Simanek V, Vacek J. Phytocannabinoids and gingival inflammation: Preclinical findings and a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial with cannabidiol. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:468-479. [PMID: 38311974 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to: (1) evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and (2) to clinically monitor the effect of CBD in subjects with periodontitis. BACKGROUND The use of phytocannabinoids is a new approach in the treatment of widely prevalent periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cannabinoid receptors were analyzed by western blot and interleukin production detected using enzyme immunoassay. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway was studied via monitoring the mRNA level of heme oxygenase-1. Antimicrobial effects were determined by standard microdilution and 16S rRNA screening. In the clinical part, a placebo-control double-blind randomized study was conducted (56 days) in three groups (n = 90) using dental gel without CBD (group A) and with 1% (w/w) CBD (group B) and corresponding toothpaste (group A - no CBD, group B - with CBD) for home use to maintain oral health. Group C used dental gel containing 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (active comparator) and toothpaste without CBD. RESULTS Human gingival fibroblasts were confirmed to express the cannabinoid receptor CB2. Lipopolysaccharide-induced cells exhibited increased production of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8, with deceasing levels upon exposure to CBD. CBD also exhibited antimicrobial activities against Porphyromonas gingivalis, with an MIC of 1.5 μg/mL. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway was also demonstrated. In the clinical part, statistically significant improvement was found for the gingival, gingival bleeding, and modified gingival indices between placebo group A and CBD group B after 56 days. CONCLUSIONS Cannabidiol reduced inflammation and the growth of selected periodontal pathogenic bacteria. The clinical trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement after CBD application. No adverse effects of CBD were reported by patients or observed upon clinical examination during the study. The results are a promising basis for a more comprehensive investigation of the application of non-psychotropic cannabinoids in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Jirasek
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Jusku
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Frankova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Urbankova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Diabelko
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Ruzicka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papouskova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Chytilova
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Havlasek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Langova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Voborna
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vilim Simanek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Berida TI, Adekunle YA, Dada-Adegbola H, Kdimy A, Roy S, Sarker SD. Plant antibacterials: The challenges and opportunities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31145. [PMID: 38803958 PMCID: PMC11128932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nature possesses an inexhaustible reservoir of agents that could serve as alternatives to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While some of the most effective drugs for treating bacterial infections originate from natural sources, they have predominantly been derived from fungal and bacterial species. However, a substantial body of literature is available on the promising antibacterial properties of plant-derived compounds. In this comprehensive review, we address the major challenges associated with the discovery and development of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds, which have acted as obstacles preventing their clinical use. These challenges encompass limited sourcing, the risk of agent rediscovery, suboptimal drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) properties, as well as a lack of knowledge regarding molecular targets and mechanisms of action, among other pertinent issues. Our review underscores the significance of these challenges and their implications in the quest for the discovery and development of effective plant-derived antimicrobial agents. Through a critical examination of the current state of research, we give valuable insights that will advance our understanding of these classes of compounds, offering potential solutions to the global crisis of AMR. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomayo I. Berida
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Yemi A. Adekunle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Dada-Adegbola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayoub Kdimy
- LS3MN2E, CERNE2D, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10056, Morocco
| | - Sudeshna Roy
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
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Zagórska-Dziok M, Nowak A, Zgadzaj A, Oledzka E, Kędra K, Wiącek AE, Sobczak M. New Polymeric Hydrogels with Cannabidiol and α-Terpineol as Potential Materials for Skin Regeneration-Synthesis and Physicochemical and Biological Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5934. [PMID: 38892121 PMCID: PMC11173307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatology and cosmetology currently prioritize healthy, youthful-looking skin. As a result, research is being conducted worldwide to uncover natural substances and carriers that allow for controlled release, which could aid in the battle against a variety of skin illnesses and slow the aging process. This study examined the biological and physicochemical features of novel hydrogels containing cannabidiol (CBD) and α-terpineol (TER). The hydrogels were obtained from ε-caprolactone (CL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers, diethylene glycol (DEG), poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF), 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI), and chitosan (CHT) components, whereas the biodegradable oligomers were synthesized using the enzyme ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) method. The in vitro release rate of the active compounds from the hydrogels was characterized by mainly first-order kinetics, without a "burst release". The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-aging qualities of the designed drug delivery systems (DDSs) were evaluated. The findings indicate that the hydrogel carriers that were developed have the ability to scavenge free radicals and impact the activity of antioxidant enzymes while avoiding any negative effects on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Furthermore, they have anti-inflammatory qualities by impeding protein denaturation as well as the activity of proteinase and lipoxygenase. Additionally, their ability to reduce the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria and inhibit the activity of collagenase and elastase has been demonstrated. Thus, the developed hydrogel carriers may be effective systems for the controlled delivery of CBD, which may become a valuable tool for cosmetologists and dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 2 Sucharskiego St., 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Zgadzaj
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Kędra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka St., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Ewa Wiącek
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, pl. Sq. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Gruľová D, Baranová B, Francolino R, Elshafie HS, Kiššová Z, Glovaťáková A, De Martino L, Amato G, Martino M, Caputo L, Polito F, Manna F, Camele I, Tkáčiková Ľ, De Feo V. Exploring the Diverse Biological Properties of Cannabidiol: A Focus on Plant Growth Stimulation. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400274. [PMID: 38466647 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to compare some biological activities of edible oils enriched with 10 % of cannabidiol (CBD samples) from the Slovak market. In addition, hemp, coconut, argan, and pumpkin pure oils were also examined. The study evaluated the fatty acids content, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic activities. The CBD samples presented antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial strains at higher concentrations (10000 and 5000 mg/L) and antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, Penicillium italicum and Aspergillus flavus. DPPH⋅ and FRAP assays showed greater activity in CBD-supplemented samples compared to pure oils and vitamin E. In cell lines (IPEC-J2 and Caco-2), a reduced cell proliferation and viability were observed after 24 hours of incubation with CBD samples. The oils showed pro-germinative effects. The tested activities were linked to the presence of CBD in the oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gruľová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, 17. novembra 1, 08001, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Beáta Baranová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, 17. novembra 1, 08001, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Rosaria Francolino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Hazem S Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Zuzana Kiššová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alžbeta Glovaťáková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, 17. novembra 1, 08001, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Mara Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ľudmila Tkáčiková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR-ISA, Via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
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Monyela S, Kayoka PN, Ngezimana W, Nemadodzi LE. Evaluating the Metabolomic Profile and Anti-Pathogenic Properties of Cannabis Species. Metabolites 2024; 14:253. [PMID: 38786730 PMCID: PMC11122914 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cannabis species is one of the potent ancient medicinal plants acclaimed for its medicinal properties and recreational purposes. The plant parts are used and exploited all over the world for several agricultural and industrial applications. For many years Cannabis spp. has proven to present a highly diverse metabolomic profile with a pool of bioactive metabolites used for numerous pharmacological purposes ranging from anti-inflammatory to antimicrobial. Cannabis sativa has since been an extensive subject of investigation, monopolizing the research. Hence, there are fewer studies with a comprehensive understanding of the composition of bioactive metabolites grown in different environmental conditions, especially C. indica and a few other Cannabis strains. These pharmacological properties are mostly attributed to a few phytocannabinoids and some phytochemicals such as terpenoids or essential oils which have been tested for antimicrobial properties. Many other discovered compounds are yet to be tested for antimicrobial properties. These phytochemicals have a series of useful properties including anti-insecticidal, anti-acaricidal, anti-nematicidal, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Research studies have reported excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although there has been an extensive investigation on the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis, the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis on phytopathogens and aquatic animal pathogens, mostly those affecting fish, remain under-researched. Therefore, the current review intends to investigate the existing body of research on metabolomic profile and anti-microbial properties whilst trying to expand the scope of the properties of the Cannabis plant to benefit the health of other animal species and plant crops, particularly in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Monyela
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Wonder Ngezimana
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant and Animal Sciences and Technology, Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Marondera P.O. Box 35, Zimbabwe
| | - Lufuno Ethel Nemadodzi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
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10
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Szymanowska D, Szulc P, Cielecka-Piontek J. Antimicrobial, Probiotic, and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabis sativa Extract and Delivery Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:369. [PMID: 38667045 PMCID: PMC11047504 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and the synergy of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the Henola Cannabis sativae extract and its combinations with selected carriers (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) in terms of antimicrobial, probiotic, and immunobiological effects. As a result of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of the extract was confirmed in relation to the following microorganisms: Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyrogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aereuginosa, and Candida albicans (microorganism count was reduced from ~102 CFU mL-1 to <10 CFU mL-1 in most cases). Additionally, for the system with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a significant probiotic potential against bacterial strains was established for strains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus thermophilus (microorganism count was increased from ~102 to 104-107). In terms of immunomodulatory properties, it was determined that the tested extract and the systems caused changes in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego Street, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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Tang Z, Feng J, Challa M, Rowthu SR, Xiong S, Zou C, Li J, Verma CS, Peng H, He X, Huang C, He Y. Discovery of novel Thymol-TPP antibiotics that eradicate MRSA persisters. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116381. [PMID: 38604097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains and the formation of non-growing, dormant "persisters" subsets help bacteria evade antibiotic treatment and enhance bacterial resistance, which poses a serious threat to human life and health. It is urgent to discover novel antibacterial therapies effective against MRSA persisters. Thymol is a common nutraceutical with weak antibacterial and antitumor activities. A series of Thymol triphenylphosphine (TPP) conjugates (TPP-Thy3) was designed and synthesized. These compounds showed significantly improved inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared with Thymol. Among them, Thy3d displayed a low probability of resistance selection and showed excellent biocompatibility. Interestingly, Thy3d elicited a rapid killing effect of MRSA persisters (99.999%) at high concentration. Fluorescence experiments, electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulation and bilayer experiment confirmed that Thy3d conjugates exerted potent antimicrobial activity by disrupting the integrity of the membrane of bacterial even the persister. Furthermore, Thy3d exhibited considerable efficacy in a mouse model of subcutaneous murine MRSA infection. In summary, TPP-Thy3 conjugates are a series of novel antibacterial agents and could serve as a new therapeutic strategy for combating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Tang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Jizhou Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Mahesh Challa
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Sankara Rao Rowthu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shuxin Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, 138671, Singapore
| | - Chandra Shekhar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Haibo Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401123, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China; BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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12
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Garzón HS, Loaiza-Oliva M, Martínez-Pabón MC, Puerta-Suárez J, Téllez Corral MA, Bueno-Silva B, Suárez DR, Díaz-Báez D, Suárez LJ. Antibiofilm and Immune-Modulatory Activity of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol in Oral Environments-In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:342. [PMID: 38667018 PMCID: PMC11047394 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties and the immune modulatory activity of cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) on oral bacteria and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF). METHODS Cytotoxicity was assessed by propidium iodide flow cytometry on fibroblasts derived from the periodontal ligament. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CBD and CBG for S. mutans and C. albicans and the metabolic activity of a subgingival 33-species biofilm under CBD and CBG treatments were determined. The Quantification of cytokines was performed using the LEGENDplex kit (BioLegend, Ref 740930, San Diego, CA, USA). RESULTS CBD-treated cell viability was greater than 95%, and for CBG, it was higher than 88%. MIC for S. mutans with CBD was 20 µM, and 10 µM for CBG. For C. albicans, no inhibitory effect was observed. Multispecies biofilm metabolic activity was reduced by 50.38% with CBD at 125 µg/mL (p = 0.03) and 39.9% with CBG at 62 µg/mL (p = 0.023). CBD exposure at 500 µg/mL reduced the metabolic activity of the formed biofilm by 15.41%, but CBG did not have an effect. CBG at 10 µM caused considerable production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as TGF-β and IL-4 at 12 h. CBD at 10 µM to 20 µM produced the highest amount of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION Both CBG and CBD inhibit S. mutans; they also moderately lower the metabolic activity of multispecies biofilms that form; however, CBD had an effect on biofilms that had already developed. This, together with the production of anti-inflammatory mediators and the maintenance of the viability of mammalian cells from the oral cavity, make these substances promising for clinical use and should be taken into account for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Santiago Garzón
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (H.S.G.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Manuela Loaiza-Oliva
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (M.L.-O.); (M.C.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - María Cecilia Martínez-Pabón
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (M.L.-O.); (M.C.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - Jenniffer Puerta-Suárez
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (M.L.-O.); (M.C.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.)
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050012, Colombia
| | - Mayra Alexandra Téllez Corral
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil;
- Departamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel R. Suárez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (H.S.G.); (D.R.S.)
| | - David Díaz-Báez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation-UIBO, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 11001, Colombia;
| | - Lina J. Suárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Departamento del Sistema Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
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13
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Martinena CB, Corleto M, Martínez MMB, Amiano NO, García VE, Maffia PC, Tateosian NL. Antimicrobial Effect of Cannabidiol on Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:464-469. [PMID: 38252548 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), has killed nearly one billion people during the last two centuries. Nowadays, TB remains a major global health problem ranked among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. One of the main challenges in developing new strategies to fight TB is focused on reducing the duration and complexity of drug regimens. Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main nonpsychoactive ingredient extracted from the Cannabis sativa L. plant, which has been shown to be biologically active against bacteria. The purpose of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of CBD on M. tuberculosis intracellular infection. Materials and Methods: To assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CBD on mycobacterial strains, the MTT assay was performed on Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the Colony-Forming Unit (CFU) assay was conducted on MtbH37Rv. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect of CBD on THP-1 cells was assessed by MTT assay. Moreover, macrophages derived from the THP-1 cell were infected with MtbH37Rv (multiplicity of infection 1:10) to evaluate the intracellular activity of CBD by determining the CFU/mL. Results: Antimicrobial activity against M. smegmatis (MIC=100 μM) and MtbH37Rv (MIC=25 μM) cultures was exhibited by CBD. Furthermore, the effect of CBD was also evaluated on MtbH37Rv infected macrophage cells. Interestingly, a reduction in viable intracellular MtbH37Rv bacteria was observed after 24 h of treatment. Moreover, CBD exhibited a safe profile toward human THP-1 cells, since it showed no toxicity (CC50=1075 μM) at a concentration of antibacterial effect (selectivity index 43). Conclusion: These results extend the knowledge regarding the antimicrobial activity of CBD and demonstrate its ability to kill the human intracellular pathogen M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Belen Martinena
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Merlina Corleto
- Laboratorio de Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas y Microbiologia, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina María Belén Martínez
- Laboratorio de Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas y Microbiologia, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Oscar Amiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Edith García
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulo Cesar Maffia
- Laboratorio de Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas y Microbiologia, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Liliana Tateosian
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Omotayo OP, Lemmer Y, Mason S. A narrative review of the therapeutic and remedial prospects of cannabidiol with emphasis on neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. J Cannabis Res 2024; 6:14. [PMID: 38494488 PMCID: PMC10946130 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-024-00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of diverse diseases using plant-derived products is actively encouraged. In the past few years, cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a potent cannabis-derived drug capable of managing various debilitating neurological infections, diseases, and their associated complications. CBD has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and curative effects in neuropathological conditions, and it exhibits therapeutic, apoptotic, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties. However, more information on the reactions and ability of CBD to alleviate brain-related disorders and the neuroinflammation that accompanies them is needed. MAIN BODY This narrative review deliberates on the therapeutic and remedial prospects of CBD with an emphasis on neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. An extensive literature search followed several scoping searches on available online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus with the main keywords: CBD, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cannabinoids. After a purposive screening of the retrieved papers, 170 (41%) of the articles (published in English) aligned with the objective of this study and retained for inclusion. CONCLUSION CBD is an antagonist against pro-inflammatory cytokines and the cytokine storm associated with neurological infections/disorders. CBD regulates adenosine/oxidative stress and aids the downregulation of TNF-α, restoration of BDNF mRNA expression, and recovery of serotonin levels. Thus, CBD is involved in immune suppression and anti-inflammation. Understanding the metabolites associated with response to CBD is imperative to understand the phenotype. We propose that metabolomics will be the next scientific frontier that will reveal novel information on CBD's therapeutic tendencies in neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadara Pelumi Omotayo
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Yolandy Lemmer
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Next Generation Health, Pretoria, South Africa
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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15
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Kesavan Pillai S, Hassan Kera N, Kleyi P, de Beer M, Magwaza M, Ray SS. Stability, biofunctional, and antimicrobial characteristics of cannabidiol isolate for the design of topical formulations. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2348-2360. [PMID: 38372296 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01466e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a high-value natural compound of Cannabis Sativa plant. It is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, attracting significant attention as a multifunctional active ingredient for topical applications. Although it is demonstrated that CBD can be used for specific dermatological ailments, reliable data on functionalities are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the structural stability, biofunctionality, and antimicrobial characteristics of CBD isolate to assist in the design of various topical formulations. The stability of CBD in solid and solubilized states was assessed to establish storage and formulation conditions. The performance of CBD solubilized in organic and aqueous media was evaluated for free radical scavenging, tyrosinase, and collagenase enzyme inhibition, which showed good prospects for the ingredient. The antimicrobial activity of solubilized CBD was evaluated against Gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacterial strains (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, C. acnes), and fungal strains (C. albicans, M. furfur) using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Due to the presence of surfactants in CBD aqueous solution, it displayed a lack of antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms. CBD solubilized in an organic medium showed no activity against Gram-negative bacterial strains but higher activity against tested Gram-positive bacterial and fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Nazia Hassan Kera
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Droonfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Phumelele Kleyi
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Marinda de Beer
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Matin Magwaza
- Tautomer Bioscience Pty Ltd., 260 Cradock Ave, Lyttelton Manor, Centurion, 0157, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Droonfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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16
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Kuzumi A, Yamashita T, Fukasawa T, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. Cannabinoids for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15064. [PMID: 38532572 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the medical use of cannabinoids has attracted growing attention worldwide. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids led to their emergence as potential therapeutic options for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have also shown that cannabinoid receptors are widely expressed and have endogenous ligands in the skin, suggesting that the skin has its own endocannabinoid system. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Following an overview of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cannabinoids in skin health and disease. We then review the clinical studies of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DM), psoriasis (Pso) and atopic dermatitis (AD). A primary literature search was conducted in July 2023, using PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 15 articles were included after excluding reviews, non-human studies and in vitro studies from 389 non-duplicated articles. Available evidence suggests that cannabinoids may be beneficial for SSc, DM, Pso and AD. However, further studies, ideally randomized controlled trials, are needed to further evaluate the use of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Malikova L, Malik M, Pavlik J, Ulman M, Pechouckova E, Skrivan M, Kokoska L, Tlustos P. Anti-staphylococcal activity of soilless cultivated cannabis across the whole vegetation cycle under various nutritional treatments in relation to cannabinoid content. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4343. [PMID: 38383569 PMCID: PMC10881570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in staphylococcal strains and its impact on public health and agriculture are global problems. The development of new anti-staphylococcal agents is an effective strategy for addressing the increasing incidence of bacterial resistance. In this study, ethanolic extracts of Cannabis sativa L. made from plant parts harvested during the whole vegetation cycle under various nutritional treatments were assessed for in vitro anti-staphylococcal effects. The results showed that all the cannabis extracts tested exhibited a certain degree of growth inhibition against bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive forms. The highest antibacterial activity of the extracts was observed from the 5th to the 13th week of plant growth across all the nutritional treatments tested, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 32 to 64 µg/mL. Using HPLC, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was identified as the most abundant cannabinoid in the ethanolic extracts. A homolog of THCA, tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), reduced bacterial growth by 74%. These findings suggest that the cannabis extracts tested in this study can be used for the development of new anti-staphylococcal compounds with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Malikova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, 104 00, Prague-Uhrineves, Czech Republic.
| | - Matej Malik
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pavlik
- Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Ulman
- Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pechouckova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, 104 00, Prague-Uhrineves, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Skrivan
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, 104 00, Prague-Uhrineves, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Science and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustos
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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18
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Navarrete M, Greco V, Rakowska M, Bellesi M, Lewis PA. Auditory stimulation during REM sleep modulates REM electrophysiology and cognitive performance. Commun Biol 2024; 7:193. [PMID: 38365955 PMCID: PMC10873307 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
REM sleep is critical for memory, emotion, and cognition. Manipulating brain activity during REM could improve our understanding of its function and benefits. Earlier studies have suggested that auditory stimulation in REM might modulate REM time and reduce rapid eye movement density. Building on this, we studied the cognitive effects and electroencephalographic responses related to such stimulation. We used acoustic stimulation locked to eye movements during REM and compared two overnight conditions (stimulation and no-stimulation). We evaluated the impact of this stimulation on REM sleep duration and electrophysiology, as well as two REM-sensitive memory tasks: visual discrimination and mirror tracing. Our results show that this auditory stimulation in REM decreases the rapid eye movements that characterize REM sleep and improves performance on the visual task but is detrimental to the mirror tracing task. We also observed increased beta-band activity and decreased theta-band activity following stimulation. Interestingly, these spectral changes were associated with changes in behavioural performance. These results show that acoustic stimulation can modulate REM sleep and suggest that different memory processes underpin its divergent impacts on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Navarrete
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
- Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Viviana Greco
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Martyna Rakowska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michele Bellesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Rd, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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19
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Fang S, Kang WT, Li H, Cai Q, Liang W, Zeng M, Yu Q, Zhong R, Tao Y, Liu S, Lin S. Development of cannabidiol derivatives as potent broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with membrane-disruptive mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116149. [PMID: 38266554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance has brought a significant burden to public health. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of cannabidiol derivatives by biomimicking the structure and function of cationic antibacterial peptides. This is the first report on the design of cannabidiol derivatives as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Through the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we found a lead compound 23 that killed both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria via a membrane-targeting mechanism of action with low resistance frequencies. Compound 23 also exhibited very weak hemolytic activity, low toxicity toward mammalian cells, and rapid bactericidal properties. To further validate the membrane action mechanism of compound 23, we performed transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq, which revealed that treatment with compound 23 altered many cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis-related genes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. More importantly, compound 23 showed potent in vivo antibacterial efficacy in murine corneal infection models caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings would provide a new design idea for the discovery of novel broad-spectrum antibacterial agents to overcome the antibiotic resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfang Fang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wen-Tyng Kang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Haizhou Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qiongna Cai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wanxin Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Minghui Zeng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qian Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Rongcui Zhong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Shouping Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Shuimu Lin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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20
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David C, de Souza JF, Silva AF, Grazioli G, Barboza AS, Lund RG, Fajardo AR, Moraes RR. Cannabidiol-loaded microparticles embedded in a porous hydrogel matrix for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:14. [PMID: 38353746 PMCID: PMC10866797 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles loaded with cannabidiol (CBD) were synthesized (PLGA@CBD microparticles) and embedded up to 10 wt% in a chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel matrix. In vitro chemical, physical, and biological assays were carried out to validate the potential use of the modified hydrogels as biomaterials. The microparticles had spherical morphology and a narrow range of size distribution. CBD encapsulation efficiency was around 52%, loading was approximately 50%. Microparticle addition to the hydrogels caused minor changes in their morphology, FTIR and thermal analyses confirmed these changes. Swelling degree and total porosity were reduced in the presence of microparticles, but similar hydrophilic and degradation in phosphate buffer solution behaviors were observed by all hydrogels. Rupture force and maximum strain at rupture were higher in the modified hydrogels, whereas modulus of elasticity was similar across all materials. Viability of primary human dental pulp cells up to 21 days was generally not influenced by the addition of PLGA@CBD microparticles. The control hydrogel showed no antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas hydrogels with 5% and 10% PLGA@CBD microparticles showed inhibition zones. In conclusion, the PLGA@CBD microparticles were fabricated and successfully embedded in a hydrogel matrix. Despite the hydrophobic nature of CBD, the physicochemical and morphological properties were generally similar for the hydrogels with and without the CBD-loaded microparticles. The data reported in this study suggested that this original biomaterial loaded with CBD oil has characteristics that could enable it to be used as a scaffold for tissue/cellular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla David
- Biopathological Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry (GIBFO), University of the Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline F de Souza
- Laboratory of Technology and Development of Composites and Polymeric Materials-LaCoPol, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Grazioli
- Department of Dental Materials, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andressa S Barboza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Lund
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - André R Fajardo
- Laboratory of Technology and Development of Composites and Polymeric Materials-LaCoPol, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Moraes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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21
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Albani CM, Fuentes G, Ramírez CL, Pensel PE, Gatti F, Albanese A, Nutter D, Aguirre ME, Di Iorio YD, Elissondo MC. Anthelmintic Effect of Cannabidiol against Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:35. [PMID: 38393124 PMCID: PMC10892078 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a global parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Cystic echinococcosis affects more than 1 million people worldwide, causing important economic costs in terms of management and livestock associated losses. Albendazole is the main drug used in treating human cystic echinococcosis. In spite of this, its low aqueous solubility, poor absorption, and consequently erratic bioavailability are the cause of its chemotherapeutic failures. Based on the described problem, new treatment alternatives urgently need to be developed. The aim of the present research was to study the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD), the second most abundant component of the Cannabis sativa plant, was demonstrated against E. granulosus sensu stricto. CBD (50 µg/mL) caused a decrease in protoscoleces viability of 80 % after 24 h of treatment which was consistent with the observed tegumental alterations. Detachment of the germinal layer was observed in 50 ± 10% of cysts treated with 50 µg/mL of CBD during 24 h. In the clinical efficacy study, all treatments reduced the weight of cysts recovered from mice compared with the control group. However, this reduction was only significant with ABZ suspension and the CBD + ABZ combination. As we could observe by the SEM study, the co-administration of CBD with ABZ suspension caused greater ultrastructural alteration of the germinal layer in comparison with that provoked with the monotherapy. Further in vivo research will be conducted by changing the dose and frequency of CBD and CBD + ABZ treatments and new available CBD delivery systems will also be assayed to improve bioavailability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara María Albani
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Giselle Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Cristina Lujan Ramírez
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (C.L.R.); (M.E.A.); (Y.D.D.I.)
| | - Patricia Eugenia Pensel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Florencia Gatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Adriana Albanese
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Diego Nutter
- Asociación Civil CBG2000, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
| | - Matías Ezequiel Aguirre
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (C.L.R.); (M.E.A.); (Y.D.D.I.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Yésica Dolores Di Iorio
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (C.L.R.); (M.E.A.); (Y.D.D.I.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - María Celina Elissondo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata—CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (G.F.); (P.E.P.); (F.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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22
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Cham PS, Deepika, Bhat R, Raina D, Manhas D, Kotwal P, Mindala DP, Pandey N, Ghosh A, Saran S, Nandi U, Khan IA, Singh PP. Exploring the Antibacterial Potential of Semisynthetic Phytocannabinoid: Tetrahydrocannabidiol (THCBD) as a Potential Antibacterial Agent against Sensitive and Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:64-78. [PMID: 38051636 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most challenging problems and is responsible for millions of deaths every year. We therefore urgently require new chemical entities with novel mechanisms of action. Phytocannabinoids have been adequately reported for the antimicrobial effect but not seriously pursued because of either stringent regulatory issues or poor drug-like properties. In this regard, the current work demonstrated the antibacterial potential of tetrahydrocannabidiol (THCBD, 4), a semisynthetic phytocannabinoid, against Staphylococcus aureus, the second-most widespread bug recognized by the WHO. THCBD (4) was generated from cannabidiol and subjected to extensive antibacterial screening. In in vitro studies, THCBD (4) demonstrated a potent MIC of 0.25 μg/mL against Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus ATCC-29213. It is interesting to note that THCBD (4) has demonstrated strong effectiveness against efflux pump-overexpressing (SA-1199B, SA-K2191, SA-K2192, and Mupr-1) and multidrug-resistant (MRSA-15187) S. aureus strains. THCBD (4) has also shown a good effect in kill kinetic assays against ATCC-29213 and MRSA-15187. In the checkerboard assay, THCBD (4) has shown additive/indifference effects with several well-known clinically used antibiotics, tetracycline, mupirocin, penicillin G, and ciprofloxacin. THCBD (4) also exhibited good permeability in the artificial skin model. Most importantly, THCBD (4) has significantly reduced CFU in mice's in vivo skin infection models and also demonstrated decent plasma exposure with 16-17% oral bioavailability. Acute dermal toxicity of THCBD (4) suggests no marked treatment-related impact on gross pathophysiology. This attractive in vitro and in vivo profile of plant-based compounds opens a new direction for new-generation antibiotics and warrants further detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Singh Cham
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Deepika
- Clinical Microbiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Rahul Bhat
- Clinical Microbiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Diksha Raina
- Clinical Microbiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Diksha Manhas
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pankul Kotwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mindala
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Noopur Pandey
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Clinical Microbiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Inshad Ali Khan
- Clinical Microbiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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23
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Vozza Berardo ME, Mendieta JR, Villamonte MD, Colman SL, Nercessian D. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Cannabis sativa L. resins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116839. [PMID: 37400009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is a plant native to Eastern Asia spread throughout the world because of its medicinal properties. Despite being used for thousands of years as a palliative therapeutic agent for many pathologies, in many countries research on its effects and properties could only be carried out in recent years, after its legalization. AIMS OF THE STUDY Increasing resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents demands finding new strategies to fight against microbial infections in medical therapy and agricultural activities. Upon legalization in many countries, Cannabis sativa is gaining attention as a new source of active components, and the evidence for new applications of these compounds is constantly increasing. METHODS Extracts from five different varieties ofCannabis sativa were performed and their cannabinoids and terpenes profiles were determined by liquid and gas chromatography. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, yeast and phytopathogen fungus were measured. To analyze a possible action mechanism, cell viability of bacteria and yeast was assessed by propidium iodide stain. RESULTS Cannabis varieties were grouped into chemotype I and II as a consequence of their cannabidiol (CBD) or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. The terpenes profile was different in quantity and quality among varieties, with (-)b-pinene, b-myrcene, p-cymene and b-caryophyllene being present in all plants. All cannabis varieties were effective to different degree against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria as well as on spore germination and vegetative development of phytopathogenic fungi. These effects were not correlated to the content of major cannabinoids such as CBD or THC, but with the presence of a complex terpenes profile. The effectiveness of the extracts allowed to reduce the necessary doses of a widely used commercial antifungal to prevent the development of fungal spores. CONCLUSION All the extracts of the analysed cannabis varieties showed antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, plants belonging to the same chemotype showed different antimicrobial activity, demonstrating that the classification of cannabis strains based solely on THC and CBD content is not sufficient to justify their biological activities and that other compounds present in the extracts are involved in their action against pathogens. Cannabis extracts act in synergy with chemical fungicides, allowing to reduce its doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Vozza Berardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - CONICET, Funes 3250, CP7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Julieta Renée Mendieta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - CONICET, Funes 3250, CP7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - María Daniela Villamonte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - CONICET, Funes 3250, CP7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Silvana Lorena Colman
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, CP7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Débora Nercessian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - CONICET, Funes 3250, CP7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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24
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Moniruzzaman M, Janjua TI, Martin JH, Begun J, Popat A. Cannabidiol - Help and hype in targeting mucosal diseases. J Control Release 2024; 365:530-543. [PMID: 37952828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most commonly utilised phytocannabinoids due to its non-psychoactive and multiple potential therapeutic properties and its non-selective pharmacology. Recent studies have demonstrated efficacy of CBD in some types of drug resistant epilepsies in combination with other therapies; comparative efficacy to other agents or placebo has been hoped for anxiety, chronic pain, and inflammatory disorders based on animal data. Although CBD products are generally treated as a restricted substance, these are being eased, partially in response to significant growth in CBD product usage and increased production but more due to emerging evidence about its safety and pharmacological properties. Currently, only one CBD product (Epidiolex®) has been approved by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration and US Food and Drug Administration. CBD has demonstrated promise in alleviating gut and lung diseases in vitro; however, its physicochemical properties pose a significant barrier to achieving pharmacological effects in in vivo and clinical trials. Improving CBD formulations and delivery methods using technologies including self-emulsifying emulsion, nano and micro particles could overcome these shortfalls and improve its efficacy. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of CBD in gastrointestinal and lung diseases from the available in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research. We report on identified research gaps and obstacles in the development of CBD-based therapeutics, including novel delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Taskeen Iqbal Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Martin
- Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, Australia
| | - Jakob Begun
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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25
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Zhang Z, Luo Z, Sun Y, Deng D, Su K, Li J, Yan Z, Wang X, Cao J, Zheng W, Ang S, Feng Y, Zhang K, Ma H, Wu P. Discovery of novel cannabidiol derivatives with augmented antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106911. [PMID: 37832223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacterium infections are a severe threat to public health and novel antimicrobial agents combating drug-resistant bacteria are an unmet medical need. Although cannabidiol (CBD) has been reported to show antibacterial effects, whether its antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be improved remains unclear. Herein, a series of novel CBD derivatives were designed and synthesized using various chemical approaches including amidation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, and Negishi cross-coupling reaction for the modifications at the C-7, C-2', C-4', and C-6' positions of CBD skeleton. Derivative 21f showed augmented antibacterial activity against MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 μM without cytotoxic effect in microglia BV2 cells. Further mechanistic studies suggested that 21f inhibited the formation of biofilms, induced excess reactive oxygen species, and reduced bacterial metabolism, which collectively led to the acceleration of bacterial death. Findings from this study expand the understanding of CBD derivatives as promising antibacterial agents, which provides useful information for the development of cannabinoid-based antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Zhujun Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Duanyu Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Kaize Su
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Jinxuan Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Zhenping Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Jifan Cao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Song Ang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Yanxian Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
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Carmona Rendón Y, Garzón HS, Bueno-Silva B, Arce RM, Suárez LJ. Cannabinoids in Periodontology: Where Are We Now? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1687. [PMID: 38136721 PMCID: PMC10740419 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabinoids are a well-documented treatment modality for various immune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and a range of neurodegenerative conditions. However, limited information is available regarding the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in treating periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to analyze the current evidence on the antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of cannabis and its role in the healing and regeneration processes within periodontal tissues. RESULTS This review discusses the potential role of cannabinoids in restoring periodontal tissue homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The examination of the endocannabinoid system and the physiological effects of cannabinoids in the periodontium suggests that they possess immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties, which could potentially promote proper tissue healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yésica Carmona Rendón
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Hernán Santiago Garzón
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil;
| | - Roger M. Arce
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Hygiene, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Lina Janeth Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
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27
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Denhez C, Lameiras P, Berber H. Atropisomerism about aryl-C(sp 3) bonds: chemically driven rotational pathway in cannabidiol derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 38009203 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01617j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The conformational behaviour arising from the restricted C(sp2)-C(sp3) axis in ortho O-substituted naphthylcyclohexane and naphthylcyclohexene oxide derivatives of cannabidiol was examined by means of VT-NMR experiments and DFT calculations. Atropisomeric compounds with barriers in the range of 91.1 to 95.1 kJ mol-1 were obtained at 298 K. Two possible transition states (TS1 and TS2) were located, one is more stable depending on the chemical modification made on the monoterpene ring close to the pivot bond. Extended analysis of TS structures to previously reported phenyl derivatives bearing the same O-substituent led to similar rotational pathways according to the series: through TS1 in arylcylohexenes and TS2 in arylcyclohexanes. Likewise, conversion of arylcyclohexenes into both series affects the rotation speed by decelerating it, and the nature of the aryl ring seems to have a very minor effect on this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Denhez
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France.
| | - Pedro Lameiras
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France.
| | - Hatice Berber
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France.
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28
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Gupta R, Singh M, Pathania R. Chemical genetic approaches for the discovery of bacterial cell wall inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2125-2154. [PMID: 37974958 PMCID: PMC10650376 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens is a worldwide health issue. The innovation gap in discovering new antibiotics has remained a significant hurdle in combating the AMR problem. Currently, antibiotics target various vital components of the bacterial cell envelope, nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis machinery and metabolic pathways essential for bacterial survival. The critical role of the bacterial cell envelope in cell morphogenesis and integrity makes it an attractive drug target. While a significant number of in-clinic antibiotics target peptidoglycan biosynthesis, several components of the bacterial cell envelope have been overlooked. This review focuses on various antibacterial targets in the bacterial cell wall and the strategies employed to find their novel inhibitors. This review will further elaborate on combining forward and reverse chemical genetic approaches to discover antibacterials that target the bacterial cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee - 247 667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Mangal Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee - 247 667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee - 247 667 Uttarakhand India
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29
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Lőrincz EB, Tóth G, Spolárics J, Herczeg M, Hodek J, Zupkó I, Minorics R, Ádám D, Oláh A, Zouboulis CC, Weber J, Nagy L, Ostorházi E, Bácskay I, Borbás A, Herczegh P, Bereczki I. Mannich-type modifications of (-)-cannabidiol and (-)-cannabigerol leading to new, bioactive derivatives. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19618. [PMID: 37949940 PMCID: PMC10638401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(-)-Cannabidiol (CBD) and (-)-cannabigerol (CBG) are two major non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids that have many beneficial biological properties. However, due to their low water solubility and prominent first-pass metabolism, their oral bioavailability is moderate, which is unfavorable for medicinal use. Therefore, there is a great need for appropriate chemical modifications to improve their physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, Mannich-type reaction was used for the synthetic modification of CBD and CBG for the first time, and thus fifteen new cannabinoid derivatives containing one or two tertiary amino groups were prepared. Thereafter the antiviral, antiproliferative and antibacterial properties of the derivatives and their effects on certain skin cells were investigated. Some modified CBD derivatives showed remarkable antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 without cytotoxic effect, while synthetic modifications on CBG resulted in a significant increase in antiproliferative activity in some cases compared to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boglárka Lőrincz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gergely Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Júlia Spolárics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847, Dessau, Germany
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
| | - Pál Herczegh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UD Pharmamodul Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Ilona Bereczki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-UD Pharmamodul Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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30
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Xing H, Loya-Perez V, Franzen J, Denton PW, Conda-Sheridan M, Rodrigues de Almeida N. Designing peptide amphiphiles as novel antibacterials and antibiotic adjuvants against gram-negative bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 94:117481. [PMID: 37776750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative strains are intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics due to the robust and impermeable characteristic of their outer membrane. Self-assembling cationic peptide amphiphiles (PAs) have the ability to disrupt bacteria membranes, constituting an excellent antibacterial alternative to small molecule drugs that can be used alone or as antibiotic adjuvants to overcome bacteria resistance. PA1 (C16KHKHK), self-assembled into micelles, which exhibited low antibacterial activity against all strains tested, and showed strong synergistic antibacterial activity in combination with Vancomycin with a Fractional Inhibitory Concentration index (FICi) of 0.15 against E. coli. The molecules, PA2 (C16KRKR) and PA3 (C16AAAKRKR), also self-assembled into micelles, displayed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against all strains tested, and low susceptibility to resistance development over 21 days. Finally, PA1, PA 2 and PA3 displayed low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, and PA2 showed a potent antibacterial activity and low toxicity in preliminary in vivo models using G. mellonella. The results show that PAs are a great platform for the future development of effective antibiotics to slow down the antibiotic resistance and can act as antibiotic adjuvants with synergistic mechanism of action, which can be repurposed for use with existing antibiotics commonly used to treat gram-positive bacteria to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Xing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Vanessa Loya-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
| | - Joshua Franzen
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
| | - Paul W Denton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, United States
| | - Martin Conda-Sheridan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
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Sedlmayr V, Horn C, Wurm DJ, Spadiut O, Quehenberger J. Archaeosomes facilitate storage and oral delivery of cannabidiol. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123434. [PMID: 37739097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has received great scientific interest due to its numerous therapeutic applications. Degradation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, first-pass metabolism, and low water solubility restrain bioavailability of CBD to only 6% in current oral administration. Lipid-based nanocarriers are delivery systems that may enhance accessibility and solubility of hydrophobic payloads, such as CBD. Conventional lecithin-derived liposomes, however, have limitations regarding stability in the GI tract and long-term storage. Ether lipid-based archaeosomes may have the potential to overcome these problems due to chemical and structural uniqueness. In this study, we compared lecithin-derived liposomes with archaeosomes in their applicability as an oral delivery system of CBD. We evaluated drug load, storage stability, stability in a simulated GI tract, and in vitro particle uptake in Caco-2 cells. Loading capacity was 6-fold higher in archaeosomes than conventional liposomes while providing a stable formulation over six months after lyophilization. In a simulated GI tract, CBD recovery in archaeosomes was 57 ± 3% compared to only 34 ± 1% in conventional liposomes and particle uptake in Caco-2 cells was enhanced up to 6-fold. Our results demonstrate that archaeosomes present an interesting solution to tackle current issues of oral CBD formulations due to improved stability and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Sedlmayr
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Quehenberger
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria; NovoArc GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Moreno-Chamba B, Salazar-Bermeo J, Navarro-Simarro P, Narváez-Asensio M, Martínez-Madrid MC, Saura D, Martí N, Valero M. Autoinducers modulation as a potential anti-virulence target of bacteria by phenolic compounds. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106937. [PMID: 37517626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the effects of phenolic extracts from grape (GrPE), pomegranate (PoPE), and persimmon (PePE) by-products on bacterial virulence activities such as biofilms, motility, energy-dependent efflux pumps, and β-lactamase activity, which are modulated primarily by quorum sensing (QS), defining their potential applications. METHOD The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-inhibitory concentrations (SICs) of the extracts against reference pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial mode of action was determined by labelling bacterial cells in in vivo cell-tracking experiments. RESULTS Antibiograms showed that PoPE inhibited bacteria at lower concentrations, and PePE had a stronger effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both extracts caused significant cell membrane damage (CMD), whereas GrPE did not. At SICs, all extracts showed anti-QS activity, especially PePE, which inhibited violacein and pyocyanin production at 1/128 × MIC. Additionally, QS autoinducers found in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were modulated by the extracts; PePE showed the highest modulation. Antibiofilm assays revealed that GrPE, at MIC and 2 × MIC, acted as a potent antibiofilm agent against biofilms of Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus, which was related to disruption of swarming motility by GrPE. All extracts, especially PoPE, exerted a potent effect against the activation of efflux pumps of P. aeruginosa as well as β-lactamase activity in K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the anti-virulence potential of the extracts may be related to their effect as extracellular autoinducer modulators. This study allowed to define potential applications of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Moreno-Chamba
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Salazar-Bermeo
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Navarro-Simarro
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Narváez-Asensio
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - María Concepción Martínez-Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Domingo Saura
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Nuria Martí
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Valero
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Alicante, Spain.
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Havlasek J, Vrba J, Zatloukalova M, Papouskova B, Modriansky M, Storch J, Vacek J. Hepatic biotransformation of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids and activity screening on cytochromes P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 476:116654. [PMID: 37574147 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the biotransformation of phytocannabinoids in human hepatocytes. The susceptibility of the tested compounds to transformations in hepatocytes exhibited the following hierarchy: cannabinol (CBN) > cannabigerol (CBG) > cannabichromene (CBC) > cannabidiol (CBD). Biotransformation included hydroxylation, oxidation to a carboxylic acid, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, dehydration, loss/shortening of alkyl, glucuronidation and sulfation. CBN was primarily metabolized by oxidation of a methyl to a carboxylic acid group, while CBD, CBG and CBC were preferentially metabolized by direct glucuronidation. The study also screened for the activity of recombinant human cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which could catalyze the hydroxylation and glucuronidation of the tested compounds, respectively. We found that CBD was hydroxylated mainly by CYPs 2C8, 2C19, 2D6; CBN by 1A2, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6; and CBG by 2B6, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6. CBC exhibited higher susceptibility to CYP-mediated transformation than the other tested compounds, mainly with CYPs 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 being involved. Further, CBD was primarily glucuronidated by UGTs 1A3, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7; CBN by 1A7, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7; CBG by 1A3, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7 and 2B17; and the glucuronidation of CBC was catalyzed by UGTs 1A1, 1A8, 1A9 and 2B7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Havlasek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Zatloukalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papouskova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Modriansky
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojova 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Kim JH, Hong M, Han JH, Ryu BR, Lim YS, Lim JD, Kim CH, Lee SU, Kwon TH. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabidiol Isolated from Novel Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivar Pink Pepper. Molecules 2023; 28:6439. [PMID: 37764215 PMCID: PMC10535604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. contains more than 80 cannabinoids, among which cannabidiol (CBD) is the main neuroactive component. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of CBD in vitro and in vivo isolated from "Pink pepper", a novel hemp cultivar, by repeating the method of selecting and cultivating individuals with the highest CBD content. We investigated the effects of CBD on inflammatory markers elevated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells through Western blot and RT-PCR. In addition, we confirmed these effects through the ELISA of inflamed paw tissue of a λ-carrageenan-induced mouse edema model that received an oral administration of CBD. CBD inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK in RAW 264.7 and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by participating in these pathways. In our in vivo study, we confirmed that CBD also inhibited the inflammatory mediators of proteins extracted from edematous mouse paw tissue. These results show that CBD isolated from "Pink pepper" exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects. These anti-inflammatory effects of CBD have pharmacological and physiological significance, highlighting the industrial value of this novel cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hui Kim
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Min Hong
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Byeong Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.R.R.); (Y.S.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Young Seok Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.R.R.); (Y.S.L.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Graduate School, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (B.R.R.); (Y.S.L.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeug Kim
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Soo-Ung Lee
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (M.H.); (J.-H.H.); (C.H.K.)
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35
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Ratajczak K, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Cyplik P. Analysis of the Effect of Various Potential Antimicrobial Agents on the Quality of the Unpasteurized Carrot Juice. Molecules 2023; 28:6297. [PMID: 37687126 PMCID: PMC10488548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Short shelf-life and poor microbial quality of minimally processed foods of plant origin pose a serious problem for the food industry. Novel techniques of minimal treatment combined with disinfection are being researched, and, for fresh juice, the addition of antimicrobial agents appears to be a promising route. In this research, fresh, nonfiltered, unpasteurized carrot juice was mixed with four potential antimicrobials (bourbon vanilla extract, peppermint extract, cannabidiol oil, and grapefruit extract). All four variants and the reference pure carrot juice were analyzed for metapopulational changes, microbial changes, and physicochemical changes. The potential antimicrobials used in the research have improved the overall microbial quality of carrot juice across 4 days of storage. However, it is important to notice that each of the four agents had a different spectrum of effectiveness towards the groups identified in the microflora of carrot juice. Additionally, the antimicrobials have increased the diversity of the carrot juice microbiome but did not prevent the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, the use of antimicrobial agents such as essential oils or their derivatives may be a promising way of improving the microbial quality and prolonging the shelf-life of minimally processed foods, such as fresh juices, but the technique requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Paweł Cyplik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
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36
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Bell JD. Informing the Cannabis Conjecture: From Life's Beginnings to Mitochondria, Membranes and the Electrome-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13070. [PMID: 37685877 PMCID: PMC10488084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Before the late 1980s, ideas around how the lipophilic phytocannabinoids might be working involved membranes and bioenergetics as these disciplines were "in vogue". However, as interest in genetics and pharmacology grew, interest in mitochondria (and membranes) waned. The discovery of the cognate receptor for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) led to the classification of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the conjecture that phytocannabinoids might be "working" through this system. However, the how and the "why" they might be beneficial, especially for compounds like CBD, remains unclear. Given the centrality of membranes and mitochondria in complex organisms, and their evolutionary heritage from the beginnings of life, revisiting phytocannabinoid action in this light could be enlightening. For example, life can be described as a self-organising and replicating far from equilibrium dissipating system, which is defined by the movement of charge across a membrane. Hence the building evidence, at least in animals, that THC and CBD modulate mitochondrial function could be highly informative. In this paper, we offer a unique perspective to the question, why and how do compounds like CBD potentially work as medicines in so many different conditions? The answer, we suggest, is that they can modulate membrane fluidity in a number of ways and thus dissipation and engender homeostasis, particularly under stress. To understand this, we need to embrace origins of life theories, the role of mitochondria in plants and explanations of disease and ageing from an adaptive thermodynamic perspective, as well as quantum mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
- The Guy Foundation, Beaminster DT8 3HY, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Guy
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
- The Guy Foundation, Beaminster DT8 3HY, UK
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
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Butler MS, Henderson IR, Capon RJ, Blaskovich MAT. Antibiotics in the clinical pipeline as of December 2022. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:431-473. [PMID: 37291465 PMCID: PMC10248350 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The need for new antibacterial drugs to treat the increasing global prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial infections has clearly attracted global attention, with a range of existing and upcoming funding, policy, and legislative initiatives designed to revive antibacterial R&D. It is essential to assess whether these programs are having any real-world impact and this review continues our systematic analyses that began in 2011. Direct-acting antibacterials (47), non-traditional small molecule antibacterials (5), and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (10) under clinical development as of December 2022 are described, as are the three antibacterial drugs launched since 2020. Encouragingly, the increased number of early-stage clinical candidates observed in the 2019 review increased in 2022, although the number of first-time drug approvals from 2020 to 2022 was disappointingly low. It will be critical to monitor how many Phase-I and -II candidates move into Phase-III and beyond in the next few years. There was also an enhanced presence of novel antibacterial pharmacophores in early-stage trials, and at least 18 of the 26 phase-I candidates were targeted to treat Gram-negative bacteria infections. Despite the promising early-stage antibacterial pipeline, it is essential to maintain funding for antibacterial R&D and to ensure that plans to address late-stage pipeline issues succeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Scholfield CN, Waranuch N, Kongkaew C. Systematic Review on Transdermal/Topical Cannabidiol Trials: A Reconsidered Way Forward. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:589-602. [PMID: 35605018 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This systematic review aimed to assess efficacy and safety for skin-applied formulations containing CBD. Methods: Bibliographic and clinical trial registries were searched for interventional human trials using cutaneously administered CBD or reported plasma CBD concentrations (any species). Results: Eight of 544 articles fitted the selection criteria: 3 placebo-controlled randomized and 5 single-arm trials. Eleven more studies were found in clinical trial databases but not accessible. Symptoms targeted were dermatopathologies or safety (two studies), pain (two), and behavior (one). Doses were 50-250 mg or 0.075-1.0% CBD, but coformulated with other ingredients. Risk of bias was high and reporting deficiencies further compromised data reliability. Diverse methodologies and formulations hampered syntheses for CBD dose, efficacy, and safety. Plasma CBD levels in dogs and rodents were 0.01-5 μM translating to <100 nM free, unbound CBD in humans. Adverse events were uncommon and mild, but meaningless without CBD's contribution to efficacy data. Achievable free CBD plasma concentrations ∼100 nM can interact predominantly with high-affinity CBD targets, for example, TRPA1 and TRPM8 membrane channels that are abundantly expressed in pathological conditions. Even if reached, higher CBD concentrations on less susceptible targets risk complex and unsafe CBD therapy. A conceptual framework is proposed where dermal capillary loops create sinking for topical CBD demonstrating parallels between topical and transdermal CBD administration. Conclusions: Users risk generalizing inadequately designed trials to all CBD preparations. New clinical trials are urgently needed: they must demonstrate that outcomes are solely from CBD pharmacology, are reliable, unbiased, safe, and comparable. Measurements of sustained plasma CBD levels are mandatory, irrespective of administration route for successful translation from in vitro systems that express human molecular targets. Placebos must be appropriate. Transcutaneous and topical formulations need preliminary in vitro studies to optimize CBD skin penetration. Then, users can rationally balance efficacy against potential harms and cost-effectiveness of CBD formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Scholfield
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Chuenjid Kongkaew
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- The Research Centre for Safety and Quality in Health, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Practice and Policy Research, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Filipiuc SI, Neagu AN, Uritu CM, Tamba BI, Filipiuc LE, Tudorancea IM, Boca AN, Hâncu MF, Porumb V, Bild W. The Skin and Natural Cannabinoids-Topical and Transdermal Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1049. [PMID: 37513960 PMCID: PMC10386449 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical constituents of the Cannabis plant known as cannabinoids have been extensively researched for their potential therapeutic benefits. The use of cannabinoids applied to the skin as a potential method for both skin-related benefits and systemic administration has attracted increasing interest in recent years. This review aims to present an overview of the most recent scientific research on cannabinoids used topically, including their potential advantages for treating a number of skin conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne. Additionally, with a focus on the pharmacokinetics and security of this route of administration, we investigate the potential of the transdermal delivery of cannabinoids as a method of systemic administration. The review also discusses the restrictions and difficulties related to the application of cannabinoids on the skin, emphasizing the potential of topical cannabinoids as a promising route for both localized and systemic administration. More studies are required to fully comprehend the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I bvd, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mariana Uritu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Leontina-Elena Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ivona Maria Tudorancea
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Nicoleta Boca
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Vlad Porumb
- Department Surgery, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Alfei S, Schito GC, Schito AM. Synthetic Pathways to Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoids as Promising Molecules to Develop Novel Antibiotics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1889. [PMID: 37514074 PMCID: PMC10384972 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid emergence of multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens against which current antibiotics are no longer functioning, severe infections are becoming practically untreatable. Consequently, the discovery of new classes of effective antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism of action is becoming increasingly urgent. The bioactivity of Cannabis sativa, an herbaceous plant used for millennia for medicinal and recreational purposes, is mainly due to its content in phytocannabinoids (PCs). Among the 180 PCs detected, cannabidiol (CBD), Δ8 and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinols (Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN) and some of their acidic precursors have demonstrated from moderate to potent antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria (MICs 0.5-8 µg/mL), including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), epidemic MRSA (EMRSA), as well as fluoroquinolone and tetracycline-resistant strains. Particularly, the non-psychotropic CBG was also capable to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation, to eradicate even mature biofilms, and to rapidly eliminate MRSA persiter cells. In this scenario, CBG, as well as other minor non-psychotropic PCs, such as CBD, and CBC could represent promising compounds for developing novel antibiotics with high therapeutic potential. Anyway, further studies are necessary, needing abundant quantities of such PCs, scarcely provided naturally by Cannabis plants. Here, after an extensive overture on cannabinoids including their reported antimicrobial effects, aiming at easing the synthetic production of the necessary amounts of CBG, CBC and CBD for further studies, we have, for the first time, systematically reviewed the synthetic pathways utilized for their synthesis, reporting both reaction schemes and experimental details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Ashraf MV, Pant S, Khan MAH, Shah AA, Siddiqui S, Jeridi M, Alhamdi HWS, Ahmad S. Phytochemicals as Antimicrobials: Prospecting Himalayan Medicinal Plants as Source of Alternate Medicine to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:881. [PMID: 37375828 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all available antimicrobials, antibiotics hold a prime position in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has posed a serious threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and escalation in healthcare costs causing a global health crisis. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in global healthcare setups have accelerated the development and spread of AMR, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which further limits treatment options. This creates a critical need to explore alternative approaches to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals have gained attention as a potential source of alternative medicine to address the challenge of AMR. Phytochemicals are structurally and functionally diverse and have multitarget antimicrobial effects, disrupting essential cellular activities. Given the promising results of plant-based antimicrobials, coupled with the slow discovery of novel antibiotics, it has become highly imperative to explore the vast repository of phytocompounds to overcome the looming catastrophe of AMR. This review summarizes the emergence of AMR towards existing antibiotics and potent phytochemicals having antimicrobial activities, along with a comprehensive overview of 123 Himalayan medicinal plants reported to possess antimicrobial phytocompounds, thus compiling the existing information that will help researchers in the exploration of phytochemicals to combat AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vikas Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Shreekar Pant
- Centre for Biodiversity Studies, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - M A Hannan Khan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Sazada Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouna Jeridi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shoeb Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
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Fordjour E, Manful CF, Sey AA, Javed R, Pham TH, Thomas R, Cheema M. Cannabis: a multifaceted plant with endless potentials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1200269. [PMID: 37397476 PMCID: PMC10308385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1200269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa, also known as "hemp" or "weed," is a versatile plant with various uses in medicine, agriculture, food, and cosmetics. This review attempts to evaluate the available literature on the ecology, chemical composition, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional uses, industrial uses, and toxicology of Cannabis sativa. So far, 566 chemical compounds have been isolated from Cannabis, including 125 cannabinoids and 198 non-cannabinoids. The psychoactive and physiologically active part of the plant is a cannabinoid, mostly found in the flowers, but also present in smaller amounts in the leaves, stems, and seeds. Of all phytochemicals, terpenes form the largest composition in the plant. Pharmacological evidence reveals that the plants contain cannabinoids which exhibit potential as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, anticancer agents, and anti-inflammatory agents. Furthermore, the compounds in the plants have reported applications in the food and cosmetic industries. Significantly, Cannabis cultivation has a minimal negative impact on the environment in terms of cultivation. Most of the studies focused on the chemical make-up, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects, but not much is known about the toxic effects. Overall, the Cannabis plant has enormous potential for biological and industrial uses, as well as traditional and other medicinal uses. However, further research is necessary to fully understand and explore the uses and beneficial properties of Cannabis sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre/Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles F. Manful
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Albert A. Sey
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Rabia Javed
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre/Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
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Lazar V, Oprea E, Ditu LM. Resistance, Tolerance, Virulence and Bacterial Pathogen Fitness-Current State and Envisioned Solutions for the Near Future. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050746. [PMID: 37242416 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current antibiotic crisis and the global phenomena of bacterial resistance, inherited and non-inherited, and tolerance-associated with biofilm formation-are prompting dire predictions of a post-antibiotic era in the near future. These predictions refer to increases in morbidity and mortality rates as a consequence of infections with multidrug-resistant or pandrug-resistant microbial strains. In this context, we aimed to highlight the current status of the antibiotic resistance phenomenon and the significance of bacterial virulence properties/fitness for human health and to review the main strategies alternative or complementary to antibiotic therapy, some of them being already clinically applied or in clinical trials, others only foreseen and in the research phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia-Mara Ditu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
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44
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Persia D, Mangiavacchi F, Marcotullio MC, Rosati O. Cannabinoids as multifaceted compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 212:113718. [PMID: 37196772 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, Cannabis and its preparations have found various applications such as for medical, recreational and industrial purposes. Subsequently the 1930s, legislation in many countries has restricted its use due to its psychotropic properties. More recently, the discovery of endocannabinoid system, including new receptors, ligands, and mediators, its role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human body and the possible implication in various physiological and pathophysiological processes has also been understood. Based on this evidence, researchers were able to develop new therapeutic targets for the treatment of various pathological disorders. For this purpose, Cannabis and cannabinoids were subjected for the evaluation of their pharmacological activities. The renewed interest in the medical use of cannabis for its potential therapeutic application has prompted legislators to take action to regulate the safe use of cannabis and products containing cannabinoids. However, each country has an enormous heterogeneity in the regulation of laws. Here, we are pleased to show a general and prevailing overview of the findings regarding cannabinoids and the multiple research fields such as chemistry, phytochemistry, pharmacology and analytics in which they are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Persia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Mangiavacchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy; Current Address: Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', Via Della Lastruccia, 16 - Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Marcotullio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ornelio Rosati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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Abudalu M, Aqawi M, Sionov RV, Friedman M, Gati I, Munz Y, Ohana G, Steinberg D. Polyglactin 910 Meshes Coated with Sustained-Release Cannabigerol Varnish Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Macrophage Cytokine Secretion: An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050745. [PMID: 37242528 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic surgical meshes are commonly used in abdominal wall reconstruction surgeries to strengthen a weak abdominal wall. Common mesh-related complications include local infection and inflammatory processes. Because cannabigerol (CBG) has both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, we proposed that coating VICRYL (polyglactin 910) mesh with a sustained-release varnish (SRV) containing CBG would prevent these complications. We used an in vitro infection model with Staphylococcus aureus and an in vitro inflammation model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Meshes coated with either SRV-placebo or SRV-CBG were exposed daily to S. aureus in tryptic soy medium (TSB) or macrophage Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM). Bacterial growth and biofilm formation in the environment and on the meshes were assessed by changes in optical density, bacterial ATP content, metabolic activity, crystal violet staining, spinning disk confocal microscopy (SDCM), and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). The anti-inflammatory effect of the culture medium that was exposed daily to the coated meshes was analyzed by measuring the release of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages with appropriate ELISA kits. Additionally, a cytotoxicity assay was performed on Vero epithelial cell lines. We observed that compared with SRV-placebo, the segments coated with SRV-CBG inhibited the bacterial growth of S. aureus in the mesh environment for 9 days by 86 ± 4% and prevented biofilm formation and metabolic activity in the surroundings for 9 days, with respective 70 ± 2% and 95 ± 0.2% reductions. The culture medium that was incubated with the SRV-CBG-coated mesh inhibited LPS-induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-10 from the RAW 264.7 macrophages for up to 6 days without affecting macrophage viability. A partial anti-inflammatory effect was also observed with SRV-placebo. The conditioned culture medium was not toxic to Vero epithelial cells, which had an IC50 of 25 µg/mL for CBG. In conclusion, our data indicate a potential role of coating VICRYL mesh with SRV-CBG in preventing infection and inflammation in the initial period after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abudalu
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Department of General Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel
| | - Muna Aqawi
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- The Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Michael Friedman
- The Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Irith Gati
- The Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Yaron Munz
- Department of General Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel
| | - Gil Ohana
- Department of General Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Wolfson G, Sionov RV, Smoum R, Korem M, Polacheck I, Steinberg D. Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Anandamide against the Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076177. [PMID: 37047147 PMCID: PMC10094667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a cariogenic bacterium in the oral cavity involved in plaque formation and dental caries. The endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), a naturally occurring bioactive lipid, has been shown to have anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus. We aimed here to study its effects on S. mutans viability, biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharide substance (EPS) production. S. mutans were cultivated in the absence or presence of various concentrations of AEA, and the planktonic growth was followed by changes in optical density (OD) and colony-forming units (CFU). The resulting biofilms were examined by MTT metabolic assay, Crystal Violet (CV) staining, spinning disk confocal microscopy (SDCM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). The EPS production was determined by Congo Red and fluorescent dextran staining. Membrane potential and membrane permeability were determined by diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC2(3)) and SYTO 9/propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively, using flow cytometry. We observed that AEA was bactericidal to S. mutans at 12.5 µg/mL and prevented biofilm formation at the same concentration. AEA reduced the biofilm thickness and biomass with concomitant reduction in total EPS production, although there was a net increase in EPS per bacterium. Preformed biofilms were significantly affected at 50 µg/mL AEA. We further show that AEA increased the membrane permeability and induced membrane hyperpolarization of these bacteria. AEA caused S. mutans to become elongated at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Gene expression studies showed a significant increase in the cell division gene ftsZ. The concentrations of AEA needed for the anti-bacterial effects were below the cytotoxic concentration for normal Vero epithelial cells. Altogether, our data show that AEA has anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities against S. mutans and may have a potential role in preventing biofilms as a therapeutic measure.
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Breijyeh Z, Karaman R. Design and Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030628. [PMID: 36978495 PMCID: PMC10045396 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity for the discovery of innovative antimicrobials to treat life-threatening diseases has increased as multidrug-resistant bacteria has spread. Due to antibiotics' availability over the counter in many nations, antibiotic resistance is linked to overuse, abuse, and misuse of these drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized 12 families of bacteria that present the greatest harm to human health, where options of antibiotic therapy are extremely limited. Therefore, this paper reviews possible new ways for the development of novel classes of antibiotics for which there is no pre-existing resistance in human bacterial pathogens. By utilizing research and technology such as nanotechnology and computational methods (such as in silico and Fragment-based drug design (FBDD)), there has been an improvement in antimicrobial actions and selectivity with target sites. Moreover, there are antibiotic alternatives, such as antimicrobial peptides, essential oils, anti-Quorum sensing agents, darobactins, vitamin B6, bacteriophages, odilorhabdins, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, and cannabinoids. Additionally, drug repurposing (such as with ticagrelor, mitomycin C, auranofin, pentamidine, and zidovudine) and synthesis of novel antibacterial agents (including lactones, piperidinol, sugar-based bactericides, isoxazole, carbazole, pyrimidine, and pyrazole derivatives) represent novel approaches to treating infectious diseases. Nonetheless, prodrugs (e.g., siderophores) have recently shown to be an excellent platform to design a new generation of antimicrobial agents with better efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Ultimately, to combat resistant bacteria and to stop the spread of resistant illnesses, regulations and public education regarding the use of antibiotics in hospitals and the agricultural sector should be combined with research and technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Breijyeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Govindarajan RK, Mishra AK, Cho KH, Kim KH, Yoon KM, Baek KH. Biosynthesis of Phytocannabinoids and Structural Insights: A Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030442. [PMID: 36984882 PMCID: PMC10051821 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis belongs to the family Cannabaceae, and phytocannabinoids are produced by the Cannabis sativa L. plant. A long-standing debate regarding the plant is whether it contains one or more species. Phytocannabinoids are bioactive natural products found in flowers, seeds, and fruits. They can be beneficial for treating human diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and pain), the cellular metabolic process, and regulating biological function systems. In addition, several phytocannabinoids are used in various therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. This study provides an overview of the different sources of phytocannabinoids; further, the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds involving various pathways is elucidated. The structural classification of phytocannabinoids is based on their decorated resorcinol core and the bioactivities of naturally occurring cannabinoids. Furthermore, phytocannabinoids have been studied in terms of their role in animal models and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi; further, they show potential for therapeutic applications and are used in treating various human diseases. Overall, this review can help deepen the current understanding of the role of biotechnological approaches and the importance of phytocannabinoids in different industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiu-Hyung Cho
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Bioindustry, Andong 36618, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Bioindustry, Andong 36618, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Yoon
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Bioindustry, Andong 36618, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Tambe SM, Mali S, Amin PD, Oliveira M. Neuroprotective potential of cannabidiol: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:236-244. [PMID: 36973157 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotropic phytocannabinoid that was once largely disregarded, is currently the subject of significant medicinal study. CBD is found in Cannabis sativa, and has a myriad of neuropharmacological impacts on the central nervous system, including the capacity to reduce neuroinflammation, protein misfolding and oxidative stress. On the other hand, it is well established that CBD generates its biological effects without exerting a large amount of intrinsic activity upon cannabinoid receptors. Because of this, CBD does not produce undesirable psychotropic effects that are typical of marijuana derivatives. Nonetheless, CBD displays the exceptional potential to become a supplementary medicine in various neurological diseases. Currently, many clinical trials are being conducted to investigate this possibility. This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of CBD in managing neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. Overall, this review aims to build a stronger understanding of CBD and provide guidance for future fundamental scientific and clinical investigations, opening a new therapeutic window for neuroprotection. Please cite this article as: Tambe SM, Mali S, Amin PD, Oliveira M. Neuroprotective potential of Cannabidiol: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Integr Med. 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srushti M Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga East, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Suraj Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Purnima D Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga East, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mozaniel Oliveira
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Emilio Goeldi Museum, Para 66077-830, Brazil.
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Avraham M, Steinberg D, Barak T, Shalish M, Feldman M, Sionov RV. Improved Anti-Biofilm Effect against the Oral Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by Combined Triclosan/CBD Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020521. [PMID: 36831057 PMCID: PMC9953046 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium highly associated with dental caries, and it has a strong biofilm-forming ability, especially in a sugar-rich environment. Many strategies have been undertaken to prevent dental caries by targeting these bacteria. Recently, we observed that a sustained-release varnish containing triclosan and cannabidiol (CBD) was more efficient than each compound alone in preventing biofilm formation by the fungus Candida albicans, which is frequently involved in oral infections together with S. mutans. It was therefore inquiring to study the effect of this drug combination on S. mutans. We observed that the combined treatment of triclosan and CBD had stronger anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity than each compound alone, thus enabling the use of lower concentrations of each drug to achieve the desired effect. The combined drug treatment led to an increase in the SYTO 9low, propidium iodide (PI)high bacterial population as analyzed by flow cytometry, indicative for bacteria with disrupted membrane. Both triclosan and CBD induced membrane hyperpolarization, although there was no additive effect on this parameter. HR-SEM images of CBD-treated bacteria show the appearance of elongated and swollen bacteria with several irregular septa structures, and upon combined treatment with triclosan, the bacteria took on a swollen ellipse and sometimes oval morphology. Increased biofilm formation was observed at sub-MIC concentrations of each compound alone, while combining the drugs at these sub-MIC concentrations, the biofilm formation was prevented. The inhibition of biofilm formation was confirmed by CV biomass staining, MTT metabolic activity, HR-SEM and live/dead together with exopolysaccharide (EPS) staining visualized by spinning disk confocal microscopy. Importantly, the concentrations required for the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities toward S. mutans were non-toxic to the normal Vero epithelial cells. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study propose a beneficial role of combined triclosan/CBD treatment for potential protection against dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Avraham
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Division of Biotechnology, Strauss Campus, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 9514223, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Tamar Barak
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Miriam Shalish
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Mark Feldman
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Correspondence:
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