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Blok NB, Myronovych A, McMahon G, Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Seeley RJ. The evolution of steatosis and fibrosis in mice on a MASH-inducing diet and the effects of housing temperature. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2025; 328:E513-E523. [PMID: 39998384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00401.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
Obesity induction in mice requires high-fat diet exposure. Although hepatic steatosis develops, progression to inflammation and fibrosis, as in humans, requires prolonged exposure and additional dietary factors. Immunosuppression at room temperature may slow this progression. We evaluated thermoneutrality's effect on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) development using a fibrosis-inducing MASH [Gubra-Amylin NASH (GAN)] diet. Mice were fed either a MASH or chow diet and housed at room temperature or thermoneutrality. MASH diet groups were euthanized monthly from 4 to 7 mo. Serum markers of hepatic function were analyzed, and liver histology assessed steatosis, inflammation, ballooning [nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) score], and fibrosis via Picrosirius Red staining. MASH diet increased body weight, liver-to-body mass ratio, and hepatic fat, with no difference between housing conditions. Housing temperature had minimal effects on MASH. Serum markers and hepatic fibrosis were similar across groups. NAS score was lower at 4 mo in thermoneutral MASH mice but not by 7 mo. Thermoneutrality did not significantly impact MASH development. These findings, alongside existing literature, suggest thermoneutral housing does not consistently enhance MASH progression in GAN MASH-fed mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The development of MASH in mice-does housing temperature make a real difference?
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Blok
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Andriy Myronovych
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Garrett McMahon
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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2
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Paim MP, Strelow DN, Krüger LD, Magalhães LS, Hall TK, Brüning CA, Bortolatto CF. Intermittent access to sugary drinks associated with fasting induces overeating and depressive-like behavior in female C57BL/6J mice. Neuroscience 2024; 560:20-35. [PMID: 39293731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder is the most prevalent eating disorder, affecting both sexes but more commonly found in women. Given the frequent co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders, this study aimed to establish a standardized experimental intermittent protocol to investigate overeating associated with depression. A 10-day protocol induced uncontrolled eating behavior in C57BL/6J female mice. The first experiment included the following groups: naive group (chow ad libitum), control group (chow and sucrose solution ad libitum), and fasting groups (16 and 20 h) exposed to an intermittent sucrose solution (10 %) and chow regimen. Subsequently, the feeding test, open field test, elevated plus maze test, tail suspension test, and light/dark conflict test were conducted. Furthermore, monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activities in brain structures and plasma corticosterone levels were assessed. Food overconsumption and depressive-like behavior were observed in both sucrose fasting groups, while risk-taking behaviors were specifically observed in the 20-hour fasting sucrose group. While both fasting sucrose groups caused reduced hippocampal MAO-A activity, only the F20 sucrose group inhibited MAO-B in the cortex and hypothalamus. Moreover, both fasting sucrose groups exhibited elevated corticosterone levels. In a separate design (Experiment 2), groups with 16 and 20 h of fasting alone (without sucrose) did not show the same behavioral results as the intermittent fasting sucrose groups, thus avoiding fasting bias. Based on these results, the 20-hour sucrose fasting group was chosen as the ideal protocol for mimicking overeating behavior associated with depression to investigate future therapeutic approaches for this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Parron Paim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dianer Nornberg Strelow
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Devantier Krüger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sander Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tácia Katiane Hall
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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3
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Prabhat A, Sami D, Ehlman A, Stumpf I, Seward T, Su W, Gong MC, Schroder EA, Delisle BP. Dim light at night unmasks sex-specific differences in circadian and autonomic regulation of cardiovascular physiology. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1191. [PMID: 39333678 PMCID: PMC11437115 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Shift work and artificial light at night disrupt the entrainment of endogenous circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior to the day-night cycle. We hypothesized that exposure to dim light at night (dLAN) disrupts feeding rhythms, leading to sex-specific changes in autonomic signaling and day-night heart rate and blood pressure rhythms. Compared to mice housed in 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycles, mice exposed to dLAN showed reduced amplitudes in day-night feeding, heart rate, and blood pressure rhythms. In female mice, dLAN reduced the amplitude of day-night cardiovascular rhythms by decreasing the relative sympathetic regulation at night, while in male mice, it did so by increasing the relative sympathetic regulation during the daytime. Time-restricted feeding to the dim light cycle reversed these autonomic changes in both sexes. We conclude that dLAN induces sex-specific changes in autonomic regulation of heart rate and blood pressure, and time-restricted feeding may represent a chronotherapeutic strategy to mitigate the cardiovascular impact of light at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Prabhat
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
| | - Dema Sami
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Allison Ehlman
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Isabel Stumpf
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Tanya Seward
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
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4
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Low ZS, Chua D, Cheng HS, Tee R, Tan WR, Ball C, Sahib NBE, Ng SS, Qu J, Liu Y, Hong H, Cai C, Rao NCL, Wee A, Muthiah MD, Bichler Z, Mickelson B, Kong MS, Tay VS, Yan Z, Chen J, Ng AS, Yip YS, Vos MIG, Tan NA, Lim DL, Lim DXE, Chittezhath M, Yaligar J, Verma SK, Poptani H, Guan XL, Velan SS, Ali Y, Li L, Tan NS, Wahli W. The LIDPAD Mouse Model Captures the Multisystem Interactions and Extrahepatic Complications in MASLD. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404326. [PMID: 38952069 PMCID: PMC11425234 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an impending global health challenge. Current management strategies often face setbacks, emphasizing the need for preclinical models that faithfully mimic the human disease and its comorbidities. The liver disease progression aggravation diet (LIDPAD), a diet-induced murine model, extensively characterized under thermoneutral conditions and refined diets is introduced to ensure reproducibility and minimize species differences. LIDPAD recapitulates key phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic hallmarks of human MASLD, including multiorgan communications, and disease progression within 4 to 16 weeks. These findings reveal gut-liver dysregulation as an early event and compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia, underscoring the gut-pancreas axis in MASLD pathogenesis. A robust computational pipeline is also detailed for transcriptomic-guided disease staging, validated against multiple harmonized human hepatic transcriptomic datasets, thereby enabling comparative studies between human and mouse models. This approach underscores the remarkable similarity of the LIDPAD model to human MASLD. The LIDPAD model fidelity to human MASLD is further confirmed by its responsiveness to dietary interventions, with improvements in metabolic profiles, liver histopathology, hepatic transcriptomes, and gut microbial diversity. These results, alongside the closely aligned changing disease-associated molecular signatures between the human MASLD and LIDPAD model, affirm the model's relevance and potential for driving therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Rachel Tee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Christopher Ball
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Norliza Binte Esmail Sahib
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ser Sue Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Haiyu Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 Mei Hua East Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Chaonong Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 Mei Hua East Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | | | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Zoë Bichler
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Mei Suen Kong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Shiyun Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Yan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jiapeng Chen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yun Sheng Yip
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ivan Gerard Vos
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Nicole Ashley Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Dao Liang Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Debbie Xiu En Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Manesh Chittezhath
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Sambasivam Sendhil Velan
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse, 1331, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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5
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Jacobsen JM, Petersen N, Torz L, Gerstenberg MK, Pedersen K, Østergaard S, Wulff BS, Andersen B, Raun K, Christoffersen BØ, John LM, Reitman ML, Kuhre RE. Housing mice near vs. below thermoneutrality affects drug-induced weight loss but does not improve prediction of efficacy in humans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114501. [PMID: 39067024 PMCID: PMC11380917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of weight loss drugs is usually performed in diet-induced obese mice housed at ∼22°C. This is a cold stress that increases energy expenditure by ∼35% compared to thermoneutrality (∼30°C), which may overestimate drug-induced weight loss. We investigated five anti-obesity mechanisms that have been in clinical development, comparing weight loss in mice housed at 22°C vs. 30°C. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF21), and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist induced similar weight losses. Peptide YY elicited greater vehicle-subtracted weight loss at 30°C (7.2% vs. 1.4%), whereas growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was more effective at 22°C (13% vs. 6%). Independent of ambient temperature, GLP-1 and hFGF21 prevented the reduction in metabolic rate caused by weight loss. There was no simple rule for a better prediction of human drug efficacy based on ambient temperature, but since humans live at thermoneutrality, drug testing using mice should include experiments near thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Jacobsen
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Natalia Petersen
- Liver and Gut Biology, Obesity & NASH, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Lola Torz
- Liver and Gut Biology, Obesity & NASH, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | | | - Kent Pedersen
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Søren Østergaard
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Birgitte S Wulff
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Andersen
- Diabetes, Obesity and NASH, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Lead Portfolio Projects, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | | | - Linu M John
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rune E Kuhre
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abe Y, Javkhlant A, Spin JM, Toyama K. Room temperature is a key factor for modeling human lower extremity artery disease with surgical murine hind limb ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:88-90. [PMID: 38848809 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Abe
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Amarsanaa Javkhlant
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Joshua M Spin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Japan; Cardiovascular Center, Kurume University Hospital, Japan.
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7
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Luu DD, Ramesh N, Kazan IC, Shah KH, Lahiri G, Mana MD, Ozkan SB, Van Horn WD. Evidence that the cold- and menthol-sensing functions of the human TRPM8 channel evolved separately. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9228. [PMID: 38905339 PMCID: PMC11192081 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a temperature- and menthol-sensitive ion channel that contributes to diverse physiological roles, including cold sensing and pain perception. Clinical trials targeting TRPM8 have faced repeated setbacks predominantly due to the knowledge gap in unraveling the molecular underpinnings governing polymodal activation. A better understanding of the molecular foundations between the TRPM8 activation modes may aid the development of mode-specific, thermal-neutral therapies. Ancestral sequence reconstruction was used to explore the origins of TRPM8 activation modes. By resurrecting key TRPM8 nodes along the human evolutionary trajectory, we gained valuable insights into the trafficking, stability, and function of these ancestral forms. Notably, this approach unveiled the differential emergence of cold and menthol sensitivity over evolutionary time, providing a fresh perspective on complex polymodal behavior. These studies provide a paradigm for understanding polymodal behavior in TRPM8 and other proteins with the potential to enhance our understanding of sensory receptor biology and pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D. Luu
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nikhil Ramesh
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - I. Can Kazan
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Karan H. Shah
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gourab Lahiri
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Miyeko D. Mana
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - S. Banu Ozkan
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Wade D. Van Horn
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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8
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Challa AA, Vidal P, Maurya SK, Maurya CK, Baer LA, Wang Y, James NM, Pardeshi PJ, Fasano M, Carley AN, Stanford KI, Lewandowski ED. UCP1-dependent brown adipose activation accelerates cardiac metabolic remodeling and reduces initial hypertrophic and fibrotic responses to pathological stress. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23709. [PMID: 38809700 PMCID: PMC11163965 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400922r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is correlated to cardiovascular health in rodents and humans, but the physiological role of BAT in the initial cardiac remodeling at the onset of stress is unknown. Activation of BAT via 48 h cold (16°C) in mice following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) reduced cardiac gene expression for LCFA uptake and oxidation in male mice and accelerated the onset of cardiac metabolic remodeling, with an early isoform shift of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) toward increased CPT1a, reduced entry of long chain fatty acid (LCFA) into oxidative metabolism (0.59 ± 0.02 vs. 0.72 ± 0.02 in RT TAC hearts, p < .05) and increased carbohydrate oxidation with altered glucose transporter content. BAT activation with TAC reduced early hypertrophic expression of β-MHC by 61% versus RT-TAC and reduced pro-fibrotic TGF-β1 and COL3α1 expression. While cardiac natriuretic peptide expression was yet to increase at only 3 days TAC, Nppa and Nppb expression were elevated in Cold TAC versus RT TAC hearts 2.7- and 2.4-fold, respectively. Eliminating BAT thermogenic activation with UCP1 KO mice eliminated differences between Cold TAC and RT TAC hearts, confirming effects of BAT activation rather than autonomous cardiac responses to cold. Female responses to BAT activation were blunted, with limited UCP1 changes with cold, partly due to already activated BAT in females at RT compared to thermoneutrality. These data reveal a previously unknown physiological mechanism of UCP1-dependent BAT activation in attenuating early cardiac hypertrophic and profibrotic signaling and accelerating remodeled metabolic activity in the heart at the onset of cardiac stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azariyas A. Challa
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pablo Vidal
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
| | - Santosh K. Maurya
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chandan K. Maurya
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lisa A. Baer
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Natasha Maria James
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
| | - Parth J. Pardeshi
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
| | - Matthew Fasano
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andrew N. Carley
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH., 43210, USA
| | - E. Douglas Lewandowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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9
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Vacca M, Kamzolas I, Harder LM, Oakley F, Trautwein C, Hatting M, Ross T, Bernardo B, Oldenburger A, Hjuler ST, Ksiazek I, Lindén D, Schuppan D, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Tonini MM, Castañeda TR, Kannt A, Rodrigues CMP, Cockell S, Govaere O, Daly AK, Allison M, Honnens de Lichtenberg K, Kim YO, Lindblom A, Oldham S, Andréasson AC, Schlerman F, Marioneaux J, Sanyal A, Afonso MB, Younes R, Amano Y, Friedman SL, Wang S, Bhattacharya D, Simon E, Paradis V, Burt A, Grypari IM, Davies S, Driessen A, Yashiro H, Pors S, Worm Andersen M, Feigh M, Yunis C, Bedossa P, Stewart M, Cater HL, Wells S, Schattenberg JM, Anstee QM, Tiniakos D, Perfield JW, Petsalaki E, Davidsen P, Vidal-Puig A. An unbiased ranking of murine dietary models based on their proximity to human metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Nat Metab 2024; 6:1178-1196. [PMID: 38867022 PMCID: PMC11199145 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, encompasses steatosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical MASLD research is mainly performed in rodents; however, the model that best recapitulates human disease is yet to be defined. We conducted a wide-ranging retrospective review (metabolic phenotype, liver histopathology, transcriptome benchmarked against humans) of murine models (mostly male) and ranked them using an unbiased MASLD 'human proximity score' to define their metabolic relevance and ability to induce MASH-fibrosis. Here, we show that Western diets align closely with human MASH; high cholesterol content, extended study duration and/or genetic manipulation of disease-promoting pathways are required to intensify liver damage and accelerate significant (F2+) fibrosis development. Choline-deficient models rapidly induce MASH-fibrosis while showing relatively poor translatability. Our ranking of commonly used MASLD models, based on their proximity to human MASLD, helps with the selection of appropriate in vivo models to accelerate preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vacca
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and MASLD, Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, UK.
| | - Ioannis Kamzolas
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lea Mørch Harder
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Trenton Ross
- Internal Medicine research Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Bernardo
- Internal Medicine research Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anouk Oldenburger
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Iwona Ksiazek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Maria Manuela Tonini
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Translational Medicine Operations Hub, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tamara R Castañeda
- R&D Diabetes & Portfolio Innovation and Excellence, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- R&D Diabetes, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Fraunhofer Innovation Center TheraNova and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Lindblom
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franklin Schlerman
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arun Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramy Younes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Amano
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Université Paris Diderot and Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | - Alastair Burt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioanna Maria Grypari
- Department of Pathology, Aretaeion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Susan Davies
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy, Oncology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hiroaki Yashiro
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carla Yunis
- Pfizer, Inc.; Internal Medicine and Hospital, Pfizer Research and Development, Lake Mary, FL, USA
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- LiverPat, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Aretaeion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - James W Perfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Peter Davidsen
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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10
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Neves MM, Klein SG, Silva RC, Bernardes LMM, Malta SM, Vieira TN, Rosa RB, Lima IL, Ferreira FB, Silva MV. Impact of quality and transparency in scientific writing on the reduction of animal usage in experimental protocols: a review based in pertinent literature. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1394113. [PMID: 38872792 PMCID: PMC11169789 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1394113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The irreproducibility in scientific research has become a critical issue. Despite the essential role of rigorous methodology in constructing a scientific article, more than half of publications, on average, are considered non-reproducible. The implications of this irreproducibility extend to reliability problems, hindering progress in technological production and resulting in substantial financial losses. In the context of laboratory animal research, this work emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate experimental model within the 3R's principle (Refine, Reduce, Replace). This study specifically addresses a deficiency in data specification in scientific articles, revealing inadequacies in the description of crucial details, such as environmental conditions, diet, and experimental procedures. For this purpose, 124 articles from journals with relevant impact factors were analyzed, conducting a survey of data considered important for the reproducibility of studies. Important flaws in the presentation of data were identified in most of the articles evaluated. The results of this study highlight the need to improve the description of essential information, standardizing studies, and ensuring the reproducibility of experiments in areas such as metabolism, immunity, hormones, stress, among others, to enhance the reliability and reproduction of experimental results, aligning with international guidelines such as ARRIVE and PREPARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus M. Neves
- Biotechnology in Experimental Models Laboratory - LABME, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Sandra G. Klein
- Biotechnology in Experimental Models Laboratory - LABME, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ray C. Silva
- Biotechnology in Experimental Models Laboratory - LABME, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Serena M. Malta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Thiago N. Vieira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rafael B. Rosa
- Rodents Animal Facilities Complex, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Isabela L. Lima
- Biotechnology in Experimental Models Laboratory - LABME, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Flávia B. Ferreira
- Biotechnology in Experimental Models Laboratory - LABME, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Murilo V. Silva
- Biotechnology in Experimental Models Laboratory - LABME, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Rodents Animal Facilities Complex, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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11
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Sedrakyan S. Kidney Endothelial Cell Biology in Health and Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:522-524. [PMID: 38588513 PMCID: PMC11149031 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sargis Sedrakyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Los Angeles, California, and Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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12
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Dreher SI, Grubba P, von Toerne C, Moruzzi A, Maurer J, Goj T, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Loskill P, Hauck SM, Weigert C. IGF1 promotes human myotube differentiation toward a mature metabolic and contractile phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1462-C1481. [PMID: 38690930 PMCID: PMC11371365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00654.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current human skeletal muscle models in vitro are incapable of fully recapitulating its physiological functions especially muscle contractility. By supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a growth factor secreted by myofibers in vivo, we aimed to overcome these limitations. We monitored the differentiation process starting from primary human CD56-positive myoblasts in the presence/absence of IGF1 in serum-free medium in daily collected samples for 10 days. IGF1-supported differentiation formed thicker multinucleated myotubes showing physiological contraction upon electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) following day 6. Myotubes without IGF1 were almost incapable of contraction. IGF1 treatment shifted the proteome toward skeletal muscle-specific proteins that contribute to myofibril and sarcomere assembly, striated muscle contraction, and ATP production. Elevated PPARGC1A, MYH7, and reduced MYH1/2 suggest a more oxidative phenotype further demonstrated by higher abundance of proteins of the respiratory chain and elevated mitochondrial respiration. IGF1-treatment also upregulated glucose transporter (GLUT)4 and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake compared with myotubes differentiated without IGF1. To conclude, addition of IGF1 to serum-free medium significantly improves the differentiation of human myotubes that showed enhanced myofibril formation, response to electrical pulse stimulation, oxidative respiratory capacity, and glucose metabolism overcoming limitations of previous standards. This novel protocol enables investigation of muscular exercise on a molecular level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human skeletal muscle models are highly valuable to study how exercise prevents type 2 diabetes without invasive biopsies. Current models did not fully recapitulate the function of skeletal muscle especially during exercise. By supplementing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the authors developed a functional human skeletal muscle model characterized by inducible contractility and increased oxidative and insulin-sensitive metabolism. The novel protocol overcomes the limitations of previous standards and enables investigation of exercise on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Dreher
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Grubba
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Moruzzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Maurer
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Engström Ruud L, Font-Gironès F, Zajdel J, Kern L, Teixidor-Deulofeu J, Mannerås-Holm L, Carreras A, Becattini B, Björefeldt A, Hanse E, Fenselau H, Solinas G, Brüning JC, Wunderlich TF, Bäckhed F, Ruud J. Activation of GFRAL + neurons induces hypothermia and glucoregulatory responses associated with nausea and torpor. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113960. [PMID: 38507407 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
GFRAL-expressing neurons actuate aversion and nausea, are targets for obesity treatment, and may mediate metformin effects by long-term GDF15-GFRAL agonism. Whether GFRAL+ neurons acutely regulate glucose and energy homeostasis is, however, underexplored. Here, we report that cell-specific activation of GFRAL+ neurons using a variety of techniques causes a torpor-like state, including hypothermia, the release of stress hormones, a shift from glucose to lipid oxidation, and impaired insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake but augmented glucose uptake in visceral fat. Metabolomic analysis of blood and transcriptomics of muscle and fat indicate alterations in ketogenesis, insulin signaling, adipose tissue differentiation and mitogenesis, and energy fluxes. Our findings indicate that acute GFRAL+ neuron activation induces endocrine and gluco- and thermoregulatory responses associated with nausea and torpor. While chronic activation of GFRAL signaling promotes weight loss in obesity, these results show that acute activation of GFRAL+ neurons causes hypothermia and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Engström Ruud
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ferran Font-Gironès
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Zajdel
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lara Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Júlia Teixidor-Deulofeu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Mannerås-Holm
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alba Carreras
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Becattini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Björefeldt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Hanse
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Giovanni Solinas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Ruud
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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14
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Mauvais-Jarvis F. Sex differences in energy metabolism: natural selection, mechanisms and consequences. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:56-69. [PMID: 37923858 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis operates differently in men and women. This sex asymmetry is the result of evolutionary adaptations that enable women to resist loss of energy stores and protein mass while remaining fertile in times of energy deficit. During starvation or prolonged exercise, women rely on oxidation of lipids, which are a more efficient energy source than carbohydrates, to preserve glucose for neuronal and placental function and spare proteins necessary for organ function. Carbohydrate reliance in men could be an evolutionary adaptation related to defence and hunting, as glucose, unlike lipids, can be used as a fuel for anaerobic high-exertion muscle activity. The larger subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in healthy women than in healthy men provide a mechanism for lipid storage. As female mitochondria have higher functional capacity and greater resistance to oxidative damage than male mitochondria, uniparental inheritance of female mitochondria may reduce the transmission of metabolic disorders. However, in women, starvation resistance and propensity to obesity have evolved in tandem, and the current prevalence of obesity is greater in women than in men. The combination of genetic sex, programming by developmental testosterone in males, and pubertal sex hormones defines sex-specific biological systems in adults that produce phenotypic sex differences in energy homeostasis, metabolic disease and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Endocrine service, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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15
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Appana B, Queen NJ, Cao L. Protocol to minimize the confounding effect of cold stress on socially isolated mice using thermoneutral housing. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102533. [PMID: 37660300 PMCID: PMC10491848 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation, a risk factor for mortality and various disease states, in mice remains poorly understood, due in part to under-consideration of housing temperature and the murine thermoneutral zone. Here, we present a housing protocol to minimize the confounding effect of chronic cold stress on socially isolated mice that are unable to socially thermoregulate. We describe steps for allocating mice to group housing or social isolation conditions, housing mice in thermoneutral cabinets, feeding mice with high-fat diet, and measuring body weight, food intake, and metabolic indicators. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Queen et al..1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Appana
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas J Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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16
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Wittek L, Touma C, Nitezki T, Laeger T, Krämer S, Raila J. Reduction in Cold Stress in an Innovative Metabolic Cage Housing System Increases Animal Welfare in Laboratory Mice. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2866. [PMID: 37760266 PMCID: PMC10525209 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Housing in metabolic cages can induce a pronounced stress response. Metabolic cage systems imply housing mice on metal wire mesh for the collection of urine and feces in addition to monitoring food and water intake. Moreover, mice are single-housed, and no nesting, bedding, or enrichment material is provided, which is often argued to have a not negligible impact on animal welfare due to cold stress. We therefore attempted to reduce stress during metabolic cage housing for mice by comparing an innovative metabolic cage (IMC) with a commercially available metabolic cage from Tecniplast GmbH (TMC) and a control cage. Substantial refinement measures were incorporated into the IMC cage design. In the frame of a multifactorial approach for severity assessment, parameters such as body weight, body composition, food intake, cage and body surface temperature (thermal imaging), mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), fur score, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (CMs) were included. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were single-housed for 24 h in either conventional Macrolon cages (control), IMC, or TMC for two sessions. Body weight decreased less in the IMC (females-1st restraint: -6.94%; 2nd restraint: -6.89%; males-1st restraint: -8.08%; 2nd restraint: -5.82%) compared to the TMC (females-1st restraint: -13.2%; 2nd restraint: -15.0%; males-1st restraint: -13.1%; 2nd restraint: -14.9%) and the IMC possessed a higher cage temperature (females-1st restraint: 23.7 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C; males-1st restraint: 23.3 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C) compared with the TMC (females-1st restraint: 22.4 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.5 °C; males-1st restraint: 22.6 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.4 °C). The concentration of fecal corticosterone metabolites in the TMC (females-1st restraint: 1376 ng/g dry weight (DW); 2nd restraint: 2098 ng/g DW; males-1st restraint: 1030 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 1163 ng/g DW) was higher compared to control cage housing (females-1st restraint: 640 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 941 ng/g DW; males-1st restraint: 504 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 537 ng/g DW). Our results show the stress potential induced by metabolic cage restraint that is markedly influenced by the lower housing temperature. The IMC represents a first attempt to target cold stress reduction during metabolic cage application thereby producing more animal welfare friendlydata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wittek
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Chadi Touma
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Osnabruck University, 49076 Osnabruck, Germany;
| | - Tina Nitezki
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Stephanie Krämer
- Interdisciplinary Center of 3Rs in Animal Research (ICAR3R), Clinic of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Jens Raila
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (T.L.); (J.R.)
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17
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Wang D, Townsend LK, DesOrmeaux GJ, Frangos SM, Batchuluun B, Dumont L, Kuhre RE, Ahmadi E, Hu S, Rebalka IA, Gautam J, Jabile MJT, Pileggi CA, Rehal S, Desjardins EM, Tsakiridis EE, Lally JSV, Juracic ES, Tupling AR, Gerstein HC, Paré G, Tsakiridis T, Harper ME, Hawke TJ, Speakman JR, Blondin DP, Holloway GP, Jørgensen SB, Steinberg GR. GDF15 promotes weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure in muscle. Nature 2023; 619:143-150. [PMID: 37380764 PMCID: PMC10322716 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction that promotes weight loss is an effective strategy for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and improving insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes1. Despite its effectiveness, in most individuals, weight loss is usually not maintained partly due to physiological adaptations that suppress energy expenditure, a process known as adaptive thermogenesis, the mechanistic underpinnings of which are unclear2,3. Treatment of rodents fed a high-fat diet with recombinant growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) reduces obesity and improves glycaemic control through glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like (GFRAL)-dependent suppression of food intake4-7. Here we find that, in addition to suppressing appetite, GDF15 counteracts compensatory reductions in energy expenditure, eliciting greater weight loss and reductions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared to caloric restriction alone. This effect of GDF15 to maintain energy expenditure during calorie restriction requires a GFRAL-β-adrenergic-dependent signalling axis that increases fatty acid oxidation and calcium futile cycling in the skeletal muscle of mice. These data indicate that therapeutic targeting of the GDF15-GFRAL pathway may be useful for maintaining energy expenditure in skeletal muscle during caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève J DesOrmeaux
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara M Frangos
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaya Gautam
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Joy Therese Jabile
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Rehal
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Sara Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics (CCEAEG), Kunming, China
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Beck Jørgensen
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
- Bio Innovation Hub Transformational Research Unit, Novo Nordisk, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Kasza I, Cuncannan C, Michaud J, Nelson D, Yen CLE, Jain R, Simcox J, MacDougald OA, Parks BW, Alexander CM. "Humanizing" mouse environments: Humidity, diurnal cycles and thermoneutrality. Biochimie 2023; 210:82-98. [PMID: 36372307 PMCID: PMC10172392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermoneutral housing has been shown to promote more accurate and robust development of several pathologies in mice. Raising animal housing temperatures a few degrees may create a relatively straightforward opportunity to improve translatability of mouse models. In this commentary, we discuss the changes of physiology induced in mice housed at thermoneutrality, and review techniques for measuring systemic thermogenesis, specifically those affecting storage and mobilization of lipids in adipose depots. Environmental cues are a component of the information integrated by the brain to calculate food consumption and calorie deposition. We show that relative humidity is one of those cues, inducing a rapid sensory response that is converted to a more chronic susceptibility to obesity. Given high inter-institutional variability in the regulation of relative humidity, study reproducibility may be improved by consideration of this factor. We evaluate a "humanized" environmental cycling protocol, where mice sleep in warm temperature housing, and are cool during the wake cycle. We show that this protocol suppresses adaptation to cool exposure, with consequence for adipose-associated lipid storage. To evaluate systemic cues in mice housed at thermoneutral temperatures, we characterized the circulating lipidome, and show that sera are highly depleted in some HDL-associated phospholipids, specifically phospholipids containing the essential fatty acid, 18:2 linoleic acid, and its derivative, arachidonic acid (20:4) and related ether-phospholipids. Given the role of these fatty acids in inflammatory responses, we propose they may underlie the differences in disease progression observed at thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Kasza
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Colleen Cuncannan
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Julian Michaud
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Dave Nelson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Chi-Liang E Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Judi Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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19
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Motyl KJ, MacDougald OA. Bring the heat: Thermal stress, metabolic plasticity, and considerations for biomedical research. Biochimie 2023; 210:1-2. [PMID: 37331726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Motyl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, United States; Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, United States.
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, United States.
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20
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Szőke K, Bódi B, Hendrik Z, Czompa A, Gyöngyösi A, Haines DD, Papp Z, Tósaki Á, Lekli I. Rapamycin treatment increases survival, autophagy biomarkers and expression of the anti-aging klotho protein in elderly mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01091. [PMID: 37190667 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations have demonstrated that treatment of animals with rapamycin increases levels of autophagy, which is a process by which cells degrade intracellular detritus, thus suppressing the emergence of senescent cells, whose pro-inflammatory properties, are primary drivers of age-associated physical decline. A hypothesis is tested here that rapamycin treatment of mice approaching the end of their normal lifespan exhibits increased survival, enhanced expression of autophagic proteins; and klotho protein-a biomarker of aging that affects whole organism senescence, and systemic suppression of inflammatory mediator production. Test groups of 24-month-old C57BL mice were injected intraperitoneally with either 1.5 mg/kg/week rapamycin or vehicle. All mice administered rapamycin survived the 12-week course, whereas 43% of the controls died. Relative to controls, rapamycin-treated mice experienced minor but significant weight loss; moreover, nonsignificant trends toward decreased levels of leptin, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-1α, and IGF-1, along with slight elevations in VEGF, MCP-1 were observed in the blood serum of rapamycin-treated mice. Rapamycin-treated mice exhibited significantly enhanced autophagy and elevated expression of klotho protein, particularly in the kidney. Rapamycin treatment also increased cardiomyocyte Ca2+ -sensitivity and enhanced the rate constant of force re-development, which may also contribute to the enhanced survival rate in elderly mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bódi
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hendrik
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Czompa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Gyöngyösi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Tósaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Pharmamodul Research Team, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Lekli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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21
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Marignac G, Pilot-Storck F. Body, ambient and felt temperature: An attempt to resolve a human and mice dilemma. Biochimie 2023:S0300-9084(23)00110-4. [PMID: 37211254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mice thermoneutral zone lies at temperatures much higher than expected when considering the geographical extension of the species. Growing evidence shows that mouse-dependent thermogenesis experimentation needs to cope with temperatures below those at which the animals are most comfortable. The associated physiological changes interfere with experimental results, thereby highlighting the apparently trivial subject of room-temperature. Working at above 25 °C is difficult for researchers and animal care technicians. Herein, we explore alternative solutions related to living habits of wild mice that could improve translation of research on mice to humans. Standard murine environments are often colder than those in laboratory facilities and their behavior is mainly characterized by a gregarious, nesting and exploratory way of life. Optimization of their thermal environment can thus also be achieved by avoiding individual housing and providing high-quality nesting material and devices that would allow locomotor activity, hence muscle thermogenesis. These options have additional relevance in terms of animal welfare. When precise monitoring of the temperature is required, temperature-controlled cabinets can be used for the duration of the experiments. During the manipulation of mice, a heated laminar flow hood or tray could create an optimized microenvironment. The specification of temperature-related data in publications should contain information on the translatability of the described mouse models to humans. Furthermore, publications should describe the premises of the laboratory in relation to housing possibilities and murine behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marignac
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, EnvA, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010, Créteil, France; Lab Animal Science, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, EnvA, IMRB, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
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22
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Grazioso TP, Djouder N. A mechanistic view of the use of cold temperature in the treatment of cancer. iScience 2023; 26:106511. [PMID: 37091251 PMCID: PMC10119757 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In their latest article, Seki and colleagues investigate the potential role of cold as a therapeutical option to treat various cancer types, including even clinically untreatable cancers such as pancreatic cancers. The authors suggest that cold exposure may have a tumor-suppressive effect mediated by the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), in charge of dissipating heat through non-shivering thermogenesis. In this regard, circulating blood glucose is decreased, restricting the tumor glucose uptake, which is redistributed, favoring BAT uptake to fuel thermogenesis.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana P. Grazioso
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Corresponding author
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23
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Sexton S, Repasky E. How Much Stress Is Too Much? Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:77-78. [PMID: 37002299 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Queen NJ, Huang W, Komatineni S, Mansour AG, Xiao R, Chrislip LA, Cao L. Social isolation exacerbates diet-induced obesity and peripheral inflammation in young male mice under thermoneutrality. iScience 2023; 26:106259. [PMID: 36915694 PMCID: PMC10006833 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) is associated with an increased risk of mortality and various chronic diseases-including obesity-in humans. Murine studies probing SI metabolic outcomes remain inconsistent, due in part to a lack of consideration for housing temperature. Such experiments typically occur at room temperature, subjecting mice to chronic cold stress. Single housing prevents social thermoregulation, further exacerbating cold stress and obscuring psychosocial influences on metabolism at room temperature. In this study, C57BL/6 and BALB/c male mice were group- and single-housed under thermoneutral conditions to determine whether SI affects the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity. We report SI promotes weight gain, increases food intake, increases adiposity, worsens glycemic control, reduces insulin signaling, exacerbates systemic and adipose inflammatory responses, and induces a molecular signature within the hypothalamus. This study establishes a murine model that recapitulates the SI-induced propensity for obesity, which may further our understanding of SI's influence on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Suraj Komatineni
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anthony G. Mansour
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Logan A. Chrislip
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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25
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Individualized Housing Modifies the Immune–Endocrine System in CD1 Adult Male Mice. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061026. [PMID: 36978567 PMCID: PMC10044133 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, different research groups have made considerable efforts to improve the care and use of animals in research. Mice (Mus musculus) are the most widely used animal species in research in the European Union and are sociable and hierarchical creatures. During experiments, researchers tend to individualize males, but no consideration is given to whether this social isolation causes them stress. The aim of this study was, therefore, to explore whether 4 weeks of social isolation could induce changes in different physiological parameters in adult Crl:CD1(ICR) (CD1) males, which may interfere with experimental results. Body weight, blood cells, and fecal corticosterone metabolites levels were the analyzed parameters. Blood and fecal samples were collected at weeks 1 and 4 of the experimental procedure. Four weeks of single housing produced a significant time-dependent decrease in monocytes and granulocytes. Fecal corticosterone metabolite levels were higher in single-housed mice after 1 week and then normalized after 4 weeks of isolation. Body weight, red blood cells, and platelets remained unchanged in both groups during this period. We can, therefore, conclude that social isolation affects some immune and endocrine parameters, and that this should be taken into account in the interpretation of research data.
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26
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Liskiewicz D, Zhang Q, Barthem C, Jastroch M, Liskiewicz A, Khajavi N, Grandl G, Coupland C, Kleinert M, Garcia-Caceres C, Novikoff A, Maity G, Boehm U, Tschöp M, Müller T. Neuronal loss of TRPM8 leads to obesity and glucose intolerance in male mice. Mol Metab 2023; 72:101714. [PMID: 36966947 PMCID: PMC10106965 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mice with global deletion of the transient receptor potential channel melastatin family member 8 (TRPM8) are obese, and treatment of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice with TRPM8 agonists decrease body weight. Whether TRPM8 signaling regulates energy metabolism via central or peripheral effects is unknow. Here we assessed the metabolic phenotype of mice with either Nestin Cre-mediated neuronal loss of TRPM8, or with deletion of TRPM8 in Advillin Cre positive sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). METHODS Nestin Cre- and Advillin Cre-Trpm8 knock-out (KO) mice were metabolically phenotyped under chronic exposure to either chow or high-fat diet (HFD), followed by assessment of energy and glucose metabolism. RESULTS At room temperature, chow-fed neuronal Trpm8 KO are obese and show decreased energy expenditure when acutely treated with the TRPM8 selective agonist icilin. But body weight of neuronal Trpm8 KO mice is indistinguishable from wildtype controls at thermoneutrality, or when mice are chronically exposed to HFD-feeding. In contrast to previous studies, we show that the TRPM8 agonist icilin has no direct effect on brown adipocytes, but that icilin stimulates energy expenditure, at least in part, via neuronal TRPM8 signaling. We further show that lack of TRPM8 in sensory neurons of the PNS does not lead to a metabolically relevant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that obesity in TRPM8-deficient mice is centrally mediated and likely originates from alterations in energy expenditure and/or thermal conductance, but does not depend on TRPM8 signaling in brown adipocytes or sensory neurons of the PVN.
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Dumenil T, Le TT, Rawle DJ, Yan K, Tang B, Nguyen W, Bishop C, Suhrbier A. Warmer ambient air temperatures reduce nasal turbinate and brain infection, but increase lung inflammation in the K18-hACE2 mouse model of COVID-19. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160163. [PMID: 36395835 PMCID: PMC9659553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Warmer climatic conditions have been associated with fewer COVID-19 cases. Herein we infected K18-hACE2 mice housed at the standard animal house temperature of ∼22 °C, or at ∼31 °C, which is considered to be thermoneutral for mice. On day 2 post infection, RNA-Seq analyses showed no significant differential gene expression lung in lungs of mice housed at the two temperatures, with almost identical viral loads and type I interferon responses. There was also no significant difference in viral loads in lungs on day 5, but RNA-Seq and histology analyses showed clearly elevated inflammatory signatures and infiltrates. Thermoneutrality thus promoted lung inflammation. On day 2 post infection mice housed at 31 °C showed reduced viral loads in nasal turbinates, consistent with increased mucociliary clearance at the warmer ambient temperature. These mice also had reduced virus levels in the brain, and an ensuing amelioration of weight loss and a delay in mortality. Warmer air temperatures may thus reduce infection of the upper respiratory track and the olfactory epithelium, resulting in reduced brain infection. Potential relevance for anosmia and neurological sequelae in COVID-19 patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Dumenil
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Cameron Bishop
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, 4072, Australia.
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Seguin I, Medak KD, Shamshoum H, Hahn MK, Wright DC. Thermoneutral housing and preexisting obesity do not abolish the sexually dimorphic effects of olanzapine on weight gain in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:454-465. [PMID: 36617436 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In contrast to what is seen clinically, male mice are resistant to antipsychotic-induced obesity. This is problematic as preclinical studies examining mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunction might be relevant to only half the population. This study sought to determine whether housing mice at thermoneutrality and under conditions of preexisting obesity, steps that have not been previously considered, would uncover a greater obesogenic effect of the antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ). METHODS C57BL6/J mice were fed a low- or high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and then switched to a control HFD or an HFD supplemented with OLZ for 6 weeks. RESULTS Irrespective of obesity, OLZ treatment attenuated weight gain and increased energy expenditure in male mice. In females, OLZ increased food intake and potentiated weight gain in mice with preexisting obesity. CONCLUSIONS Despite taking steps to increase clinical translatability, this study did not unmask an obesogenic effect of OLZ in male mice. Interestingly, prior studies in female mice could have been underestimating the metabolic consequences of OLZ by not considering the importance of preexisting obesity. Uncovering the mechanisms conferring resistance to weight gain in males may provide clues for approaches to counter the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Seguin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hesham Shamshoum
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Food and Land Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Bishop CR, Caten FT, Nakaya HI, Suhrbier A. Chikungunya patient transcriptional signatures faithfully recapitulated in a C57BL/6J mouse model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1092370. [PMID: 36578476 PMCID: PMC9791225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1092370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An adult wild-type C57BL/6J mouse model of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and disease has been extensively used to study the alphaviral arthritic immunopathology and to evaluate new interventions. How well mouse models recapitulate the gene expression profiles seen in humans remains controversial. Methods Herein we perform a comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA-Seq datasets from the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model with datasets obtained from adults and children acutely infected with CHIKV. Results Despite sampling quite different tissues, peripheral blood from humans and feet from mice, gene expression profiles were quite similar, with an overlap of up to ≈50% for up-regulated single copy orthologue differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, high levels of significant concordance between mouse and human were seen for immune pathways and signatures, which were dominated by interferons, T cells and monocyte/macrophages. Importantly, predicted responses to a series of anti-inflammatory drug and biologic treatments also showed cogent similarities between species. Discussion Comparative transcriptomics and subsequent pathway analysis provides a detailed picture of how a given model recapitulates human gene expression. Using this method, we show that the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model provides a reliable and representative system in which to study CHIKV immunopathology and evaluate new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R. Bishop
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felipe Ten Caten
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Global Virus Network (GVN) Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
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Wang X, Li Y, Qiang G, Wang K, Dai J, McCann M, Munoz MD, Gil V, Yu Y, Li S, Yang Z, Xu S, Cordoba-Chacon J, De Jesus DF, Sun B, Chen K, Wang Y, Liu X, Miao Q, Zhou L, Hu R, Ding Q, Kulkarni RN, Gao D, Blüher M, Liew CW. Secreted EMC10 is upregulated in human obesity and its neutralizing antibody prevents diet-induced obesity in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7323. [PMID: 36443308 PMCID: PMC9705309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted isoform of endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex subunit 10 (scEMC10) is a poorly characterized secreted protein of largely unknown physiological function. Here we demonstrate that scEMC10 is upregulated in people with obesity and is positively associated with insulin resistance. Consistent with a causal role for scEMC10 in obesity, Emc10-/- mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity due to an increase in energy expenditure, while scEMC10 overexpression decreases energy expenditure, thus promoting obesity in mouse. Furthermore, neutralization of circulating scEMC10 using a monoclonal antibody reduces body weight and enhances insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that scEMC10 can be transported into cells where it binds to the catalytic subunit of PKA and inhibits its stimulatory action on CREB while ablation of EMC10 promotes thermogenesis in adipocytes via activation of the PKA signalling pathway and its downstream targets. Taken together, our data identify scEMC10 as a circulating inhibitor of thermogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanliang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Guifen Qiang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarong Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maximilian McCann
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Marcos D Munoz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuangyang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Chua D, Low ZS, Cheam GX, Ng AS, Tan NS. Utility of Human Relevant Preclinical Animal Models in Navigating NAFLD to MAFLD Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14762. [PMID: 36499091 PMCID: PMC9737809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is an emerging contributor to disease burden worldwide. The past decades of work established the heterogeneous nature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology and systemic contributions to the pathogenesis of the disease. This called for the proposal of a redefinition in 2020 to that of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better reflect the current understanding of the disease. To date, several clinical cohort studies comparing NAFLD and MAFLD hint at the relevancy of the new nomenclature in enriching for patients with more severe hepatic injury and extrahepatic comorbidities. However, the underlying systemic pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Preclinical animal models have been imperative in elucidating key biological mechanisms in various contexts, including intrahepatic disease progression, interorgan crosstalk and systemic dysregulation. Furthermore, they are integral in developing novel therapeutics against MAFLD. However, substantial contextual variabilities exist across different models due to the lack of standardization in several aspects. As such, it is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of existing models to better align them to the human condition. In this review, we consolidate the implications arising from the change in nomenclature and summarize MAFLD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we provide an updated evaluation of existing MAFLD preclinical models in alignment with the new definitions and perspectives to improve their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Guo Xiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Liang H, Yang K, Yang Y, Hong Z, Li S, Chen Q, Li J, Song X, Yang H. A Lanthanide Upconversion Nanothermometer for Precise Temperature Mapping on Immune Cell Membrane. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9045-9053. [PMID: 36326607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell temperature monitoring is of great importance to uncover temperature-dependent intracellular events and regulate cellular functions. However, it remains a great challenge to precisely probe the localized temperature status in living cells. Herein, we report a strategy for in situ temperature mapping on an immune cell membrane for the first time, which was achieved by using the lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles. The nanothermometer was designed to label the cell membrane by combining metabolic labeling and click chemistry and can leverage ratiometric upconversion luminescence signals to in situ sensitively monitor temperature variation (1.4% K-1). Moreover, a purpose-built upconversion hyperspectral microscope was utilized to synchronously map temperature changes on T cell membrane and visualize intracellular Ca2+ influx. This strategy was able to identify a suitable temperature status for facilitating thermally stimulated calcium influx in T cells, thus enabling high-efficiency activation of immune cells. Such findings might advance understandings on thermally dependent biological processes and their regulation methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Kaidong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yating Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zhongzhu Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shihua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Xiaorong Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center on Reagent and Instrument for Rapid Detection of Product Quality and Food Safety, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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John LM, Petersen N, Gerstenberg MK, Torz L, Pedersen K, Christoffersen BØ, Kuhre RE. Housing-temperature reveals energy intake counter-balances energy expenditure in normal-weight, but not diet-induced obese, male mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:946. [PMID: 36088386 PMCID: PMC9464191 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most metabolic studies on mice are performed at room temperature, although under these conditions mice, unlike humans, spend considerable energy to maintain core temperature. Here, we characterize the impact of housing temperature on energy expenditure (EE), energy homeostasis and plasma concentrations of appetite- and glucoregulatory hormones in normal-weight and diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice fed chow or 45% high-fat-diet, respectively. Mice were housed for 33 days at 22, 25, 27.5, and 30 °C in an indirect-calorimetry-system. We show that energy expenditure increases linearly from 30 °C towards 22 °C and is ~30% higher at 22 °C in both mouse models. In normal-weight mice, food intake counter-balances EE. In contrast, DIO mice do not reduce food intake when EE is lowered. By end of study, mice at 30 °C, therefore, had higher body weight, fat mass and plasma glycerol and triglycerides than mice at 22 °C. Dysregulated counterbalancing in DIO mice may result from increased pleasure-based eating. The impact of ambient housing temperature on the interaction of energy intake, energy expenditure and glycemic control in normal and diet-induced obese mice is examined.
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Bishop CR, Dumenil T, Rawle DJ, Le TT, Yan K, Tang B, Hartel G, Suhrbier A. Mouse models of COVID-19 recapitulate inflammatory pathways rather than gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010867. [PMID: 36155667 PMCID: PMC9536645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How well mouse models recapitulate the transcriptional profiles seen in humans remains debatable, with both conservation and diversity identified in various settings. Herein we use RNA-Seq data and bioinformatics approaches to analyze the transcriptional responses in SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs, comparing 4 human studies with the widely used K18-hACE2 mouse model, a model where hACE2 is expressed from the mouse ACE2 promoter, and a model that uses a mouse adapted virus and wild-type mice. Overlap of single copy orthologue differentially expressed genes (scoDEGs) between human and mouse studies was generally poor (≈15-35%). Rather than being associated with batch, sample treatment, viral load, lung damage or mouse model, the poor overlaps were primarily due to scoDEG expression differences between species. Importantly, analyses of immune signatures and inflammatory pathways illustrated highly significant concordances between species. As immunity and immunopathology are the focus of most studies, these mouse models can thus be viewed as representative and relevant models of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R. Bishop
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Schipke J, Brandenberger C, Vital M, Mühlfeld C. Starch and Fiber Contents of Purified Control Diets Differentially Affect Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota Composition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:915082. [PMID: 35873446 PMCID: PMC9301012 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.915082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interpretation of results from diet-induced-obesity (DIO) studies critically depends on control conditions. Grain-based chows are optimized for rodent nutrition but do not match the defined composition of purified diets used for DIO, severely limiting the comparability. Purified control diets are recommended but often contain high starch and only minor fiber amounts. It is unknown whether this composition leads to metabolic alterations compared with chow and whether the addition of refined fibers at the expense of starch affects these changes. Methods In this experiment, 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice were fed (i) a conventional purified control diet (high-starch, low-fiber; Puri-starch), (ii) an alternative, custom-made purified control diet containing pectin and inulin (medium-starch, higher-fiber; Puri-fiber), or (iii) grain-based chow for 30 weeks (N = 8–10). Results Puri-starch feeding resulted in significantly elevated levels of plasma insulin (p = 0.004), cholesterol (p < 0.001), and transaminases (AST p = 0.002, ALT p = 0.001), hepatic de novo lipogenesis and liver steatosis, and an altered gut microbiota composition compared with chow-fed mice. In contrast, Puri-fiber exerted only minor effects on systemic parameters and liver lipid homeostasis, and promoted a distinct gut microbiota composition. Conclusion Carbohydrate-rich purified diets trigger a metabolic status possibly masking pathological effects of nutrients under study, restricting its use as control condition. The addition of refined fibers is suited to create purified, yet physiological control diets for DIO research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schipke
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Julia Schipke
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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Tran LT, Park S, Kim SK, Lee JS, Kim KW, Kwon O. Hypothalamic control of energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:358-369. [PMID: 35301430 PMCID: PMC9076616 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy expenditure and energy intake need to be balanced to maintain proper energy homeostasis. Energy homeostasis is tightly regulated by the central nervous system, and the hypothalamus is the primary center for the regulation of energy balance. The hypothalamus exerts its effect through both humoral and neuronal mechanisms, and each hypothalamic area has a distinct role in the regulation of energy expenditure. Recent studies have advanced the understanding of the molecular regulation of energy expenditure and thermogenesis in the hypothalamus with targeted manipulation techniques of the mouse genome and neuronal function. In this review, we elucidate recent progress in understanding the mechanism of how the hypothalamus affects basal metabolism, modulates physical activity, and adapts to environmental temperature and food intake changes. The hypothalamus is a key regulator of metabolism, controlling resting metabolism, activity levels, and responses to external temperature and food intake. The balance between energy intake and expenditure must be tightly controlled, with imbalances resulting in metabolic disorders such as obesity or diabetes. Obin Kwon at Seoul National University College of Medicine and Ki Woo Kim at Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, both in South Korea, and coworkers reviewed how metabolism is regulated by the hypothalamus, a small hormone-producing brain region. They report that hormonal and neuronal signals from the hypothalamus influence the ratio of lean to fatty tissue, gender-based differences in metabolism, activity levels, and weight gain in response to food intake. They note that further studies to untangle cause-and-effect relationships and other genetic factors will improve our understanding of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Trung Tran
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Departments of Oral Biology and Applied Biological Science, BK21 Four, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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37
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Simcox J, Lamming DW. The central moTOR of metabolism. Dev Cell 2022; 57:691-706. [PMID: 35316619 PMCID: PMC9004513 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions as a central regulator of metabolism, integrating diverse nutritional and hormonal cues to control anabolic processes, organismal physiology, and even aging. This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation of mTOR signaling and the metabolic regulation of the four macromolecular building blocks of the cell: carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, and protein by mTOR. We review the role of mTOR in the control of organismal physiology and aging through its action in key tissues and discuss the potential for clinical translation of mTOR inhibition for the treatment and prevention of diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Seong JK. AMP-activated protein kinase activation in skeletal muscle modulates exercise-induced uncoupled protein 1 expression in brown adipocyte in mouse model. J Physiol 2022; 600:2359-2376. [PMID: 35301717 PMCID: PMC9322297 DOI: 10.1113/jp282999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Aerobic exercise is an effective intervention in preventing obesity and is also an important factor associated with thermogenesis. There is an increasing interest in the factors and mechanisms induced by aerobic exercise that can influence the metabolism and thermogenic activity in an individual. Recent studies suggest that exercise induced circulating factors (known as ‘exerkines’), which are able to modulate activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the effect of exercise‐induced peripheral factors on BAT activation remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the role of exercise training in BAT activation is still debatable. Hence, the purpose of our study is to assess whether exercise training affects the expression of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipocytes via release of different blood factors. Four weeks of exercise training significantly decreased the body weight gain and fat mass gain. Furthermore, trained mice exhibit higher levels of energy expenditure and UCP1 expression than untrained mice. Surprisingly, treatment with serum from exercise‐trained mice increased the expression of UCP1 in differentiated brown adipocytes. To gain a better understanding of these mechanisms, we analysed the conditioned media obtained after treating the C2C12 myotubes with an AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (AICAR; 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide), which leads to an increased expression of UCP1 when added to brown adipocytes. Our observations suggest the possibility of aerobic exercise‐induced BAT activation via activation of AMPK in skeletal muscles. Key points Exercise promotes thermogenesis by activating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which leads to a decrease in the body weight gain and body fat content. However, little is known about the role of exerkines in modulating UCP1 expression and subsequent brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. Four weeks of voluntary wheel‐running exercise reduces body weight and fat content. Exercise induces the increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and slow‐type muscle fibre marker genes in skeletal muscles and promotes UCP1 expression in white and brown adipose tissues. Incubation of brown adipocytes with serum isolated from exercise‐trained mice significantly increased their UCP1 gene and protein levels; moreover, conditioned media of AMPK‐activator‐treated C2C12 myotubes induces increased UCP1 expression in brown adipocytes. These results show that aerobic exercise‐induced skeletal muscle AMPK has a significant effect on UCP1 expression in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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39
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Piilgaard L, Rose L, Hviid CG, Kohlmeier KA, Kornum BR. Sex-related differences within sleep-wake dynamics, cataplexy, and EEG fast-delta power in a narcolepsy mouse model. Sleep 2022; 45:6546341. [PMID: 35266540 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a sleep-wake disorder caused by selective loss of hypocretin (HCRT, also called orexin) neurons. Although the prevalence of NT1 is equal in men and women, sex differences in NT1 symptomatology have been reported in humans and other species. Yet, most preclinical studies fail to include females, resulting in gender bias within translational drug development. We used hcrt-tTA;TetO DTA mice (NT1 mice) that lose their HCRT neurons upon dietary doxycycline removal to examine in detail the effect of sex on NT1 symptoms and sleep-wake characteristics. We recorded 24-h electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and video in adult male and female NT1 mice for behavioural state quantification. While conducting this study, we recognized another type of behavioural arrest different from cataplexy: shorter lasting and with high δ power. We termed these delta attacks and propose a set of criteria for quantifying these in future research. Our findings show that both sexes exhibit high behavioural state instability, which was markedly higher in females with more behavioural arrests interrupting the wake episodes. Females exhibited increased wake at the expense of sleep during the dark phase, and decreased rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep during the 24-h day. During the dark phase, fast-δ (2.5-4 Hz) in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and θ (6-10 Hz) EEG spectral power in REM sleep were lower in females compared to males. We demonstrate that biologically driven sex-related differences exist in the symptomatology of NT1 mice which calls for including both sexes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Piilgaard
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Rose
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Gylling Hviid
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Brown-fat-mediated tumour suppression by cold-altered global metabolism. Nature 2022; 608:421-428. [PMID: 35922508 PMCID: PMC9365697 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake is essential for cancer glycolysis and is involved in non-shivering thermogenesis of adipose tissues1-6. Most cancers use glycolysis to harness energy for their infinite growth, invasion and metastasis2,7,8. Activation of thermogenic metabolism in brown adipose tissue (BAT) by cold and drugs instigates blood glucose uptake in adipocytes4,5,9. However, the functional effects of the global metabolic changes associated with BAT activation on tumour growth are unclear. Here we show that exposure of tumour-bearing mice to cold conditions markedly inhibits the growth of various types of solid tumours, including clinically untreatable cancers such as pancreatic cancers. Mechanistically, cold-induced BAT activation substantially decreases blood glucose and impedes the glycolysis-based metabolism in cancer cells. The removal of BAT and feeding on a high-glucose diet under cold exposure restore tumour growth, and genetic deletion of Ucp1-the key mediator for BAT-thermogenesis-ablates the cold-triggered anticancer effect. In a pilot human study, mild cold exposure activates a substantial amount of BAT in both healthy humans and a patient with cancer with mitigated glucose uptake in the tumour tissue. These findings provide a previously undescribed concept and paradigm for cancer therapy that uses a simple and effective approach. We anticipate that cold exposure and activation of BAT through any other approach, such as drugs and devices either alone or in combination with other anticancer therapeutics, will provide a general approach for the effective treatment of various cancers.
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41
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Li M, Speakman JR. Setting Ambient Temperature Conditions to Optimize Translation of Molecular Work from the Mouse to Human: The "Goldilocks Solution". Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2448:235-250. [PMID: 35167101 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature has a profound effect on many aspects of murine physiology. This raises the question of the best temperature at which mice should be housed to maximize the translational potential to humans. The temperatures at which mice have been routinely kept for studies of molecular physiology (20-21 °C) maximize the comfort of animal handling staff. There is a widespread movement suggesting we should perform experiments instead on mice housed at 30 °C. This often produces very different outcomes. Here we analyze the basis of this suggestion and show that while 20-21 °C is too cold, 30 °C is probably too hot. Rather we suggest an intermediate temperature "the Goldilocks solution" of 25-26 °C is probably optimal. This should be combined with providing animals with nesting material so that they can construct nests to generate microclimates that are within their own control. Providing copious nesting material has additional spin-off advantages in terms of increasing environmental enrichment. Ultimately, however, advocating a single temperature to mimic human physiology is plagued by the problem that humans vary widely in the temperature environments they experience, with consequences for human disease. Hence studying responses at a range of temperatures may provide the greatest insights and translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen, Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen, Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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42
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Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
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43
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Romanelli SM, Lewis KT, Nishii A, Rupp AC, Li Z, Mori H, Schill RL, Learman BS, Rhodes CJ, MacDougald OA. BAd-CRISPR: Inducible gene knockout in interscapular brown adipose tissue of adult mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101402. [PMID: 34774798 PMCID: PMC8661024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled inducible gene knockout in numerous tissues; however, its use has not been reported in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we developed the brown adipocyte CRISPR (BAd-CRISPR) methodology to rapidly interrogate the function of one or multiple genes. With BAd-CRISPR, an adeno-associated virus (AAV8) expressing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) is administered directly to BAT of mice expressing Cas9 in brown adipocytes. We show that the local administration of AAV8-sgRNA to interscapular BAT of adult mice robustly transduced brown adipocytes and ablated expression of adiponectin, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid synthase, perilipin 1, or stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by >90%. Administration of multiple AAV8 sgRNAs led to simultaneous knockout of up to three genes. BAd-CRISPR induced frameshift mutations and suppressed target gene mRNA expression but did not lead to substantial accumulation of off-target mutations in BAT. We used BAd-CRISPR to create an inducible uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) knockout mouse to assess the effects of UCP1 loss on adaptive thermogenesis in adult mice. Inducible Ucp1 knockout did not alter core body temperature; however, BAd-CRISPR Ucp1 mice had elevated circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 and changes in BAT gene expression consistent with heat production through increased peroxisomal lipid oxidation. Other molecular adaptations predict additional cellular inefficiencies with an increase in both protein synthesis and turnover, and mitochondria with reduced reliance on mitochondrial-encoded gene expression and increased expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. These data suggest that BAd-CRISPR is an efficient tool to speed discoveries in adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Romanelli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian S Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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44
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Delisle BP, George AL, Nerbonne JM, Bass JT, Ripplinger CM, Jain MK, Hermanstyne TO, Young ME, Kannankeril PJ, Duffy JF, Goldhaber JI, Hall MH, Somers VK, Smolensky MH, Garnett CE, Anafi RC, Scheer FA, Shivkumar K, Shea SA, Balijepalli RC. Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop, Part 1: Basic and Translational Aspects. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021; 14:e010181. [PMID: 34719240 PMCID: PMC8815462 DOI: 10.1161/circep.121.010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD), the unexpected death due to acquired or genetic cardiovascular disease, follows distinct 24-hour patterns in occurrence. These 24-hour patterns likely reflect daily changes in arrhythmogenic triggers and the myocardial substrate caused by day/night rhythms in behavior, the environment, and endogenous circadian mechanisms. To better address fundamental questions regarding the circadian mechanisms, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop, Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death. We present a 2-part report of findings from this workshop. Part 1 summarizes the workshop and serves to identify research gaps and opportunities in the areas of basic and translational research. Among the gaps was the lack of standardization in animal studies for reporting environmental conditions (eg, timing of experiments relative to the light dark cycle or animal housing temperatures) that can impair rigor and reproducibility. Workshop participants also pointed to uncertainty regarding the importance of maintaining normal circadian rhythmic synchrony and the potential pathological impact of desynchrony on SCD risk. One related question raised was whether circadian mechanisms can be targeted to reduce SCD risk. Finally, the experts underscored the need for studies aimed at determining the physiological importance of circadian clocks in the many different cell types important to normal heart function and SCD. Addressing these gaps could lead to new therapeutic approaches/molecular targets that can mitigate the risk of SCD not only at certain times but over the entire 24-hour period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfred L. George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeanne M. Nerbonne
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Joseph T. Bass
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tracey O. Hermanstyne
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Martin E. Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - Martica H. Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | - Ron C. Anafi
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- Departement of Medicine, David Greffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiome influences host health, and its responsiveness to diet and disease is increasingly well studied. However, our understanding of the factors driving microbiome variation remain limited. Temperature is a core factor that controls microbial growth, but its impact on the microbiome remains to be fully explored. Although commonly assumed to be a constant 37°C, normal body temperatures vary across the animal kingdom, while individual body temperature is affected by multiple factors, including circadian rhythm, age, environmental temperature stress, and immune activation. Changes in body temperature via hypo- and hyperthermia have been shown to influence the gut microbiota in a variety of animals, with consistent effects on community diversity and stability. It is known that temperature directly modulates the growth and virulence of gastrointestinal pathogens; however, the effect of temperature on gut commensals is not well studied. Further, body temperature can influence other host factors, such as appetite and immunity, with indirect effects on the microbiome. In this minireview, we discuss the evidence linking body temperature and the intestinal microbiome and their implications for microbiome function during hypothermia, heat stress, and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Huus
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth E. Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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46
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Sarangi M, Dus M. Crème de la Créature: Dietary Influences on Behavior in Animal Models. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:746299. [PMID: 34658807 PMCID: PMC8511460 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.746299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, alterations in cognitive, motivated, and affective behaviors have been described with consumption of processed diets high in refined sugars and saturated fats and with high body mass index, but the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of these changes remain poorly understood. Animal models have provided an opportunity to answer these questions and illuminate the ways in which diet composition, especially high-levels of added sugar and saturated fats, contribute to brain physiology, plasticity, and behavior. Here we review findings from invertebrate (flies) and vertebrate models (rodents, zebrafish) that implicate these diets with changes in multiple behaviors, including eating, learning and memory, and motivation, and discuss limitations, open questions, and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Dus
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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47
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Borch Jensen M, Marblestone A. In vivo Pooled Screening: A Scalable Tool to Study the Complexity of Aging and Age-Related Disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:714926. [PMID: 35822038 PMCID: PMC9261400 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.714926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological aging, and the diseases of aging, occur in a complex in vivo environment, driven by multiple interacting processes. A convergence of recently developed technologies has enabled in vivo pooled screening: direct administration of a library of different perturbations to a living animal, with a subsequent readout that distinguishes the identity of each perturbation and its effect on individual cells within the animal. Such screens hold promise for efficiently applying functional genomics to aging processes in the full richness of the in vivo setting. In this review, we describe the technologies behind in vivo pooled screening, including a range of options for delivery, perturbation and readout methods, and outline their potential application to aging and age-related disease. We then suggest how in vivo pooled screening, together with emerging innovations in each of its technological underpinnings, could be extended to shed light on key open questions in aging biology, including the mechanisms and limits of epigenetic reprogramming and identifying cellular mediators of systemic signals in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Marblestone
- Astera Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Federation of American Scientists, Washington D.C., CA, United States
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48
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Mori H, Dugan CE, Nishii A, Benchamana A, Li Z, Cadenhead TS, Das AK, Evans CR, Overmyer KA, Romanelli SM, Peterson SK, Bagchi DP, Corsa CA, Hardij J, Learman BS, El Azzouny M, Coon JJ, Inoki K, MacDougald OA. The molecular and metabolic program by which white adipocytes adapt to cool physiologic temperatures. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3000988. [PMID: 33979328 PMCID: PMC8143427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although visceral adipocytes located within the body's central core are maintained at approximately 37°C, adipocytes within bone marrow, subcutaneous, and dermal depots are found primarily within the peripheral shell and generally exist at cooler temperatures. Responses of brown and beige/brite adipocytes to cold stress are well studied; however, comparatively little is known about mechanisms by which white adipocytes adapt to temperatures below 37°C. Here, we report that adaptation of cultured adipocytes to 31°C, the temperature at which distal marrow adipose tissues and subcutaneous adipose tissues often reside, increases anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolism, and elevates oxygen consumption. Cool adipocytes rely less on glucose and more on pyruvate, glutamine, and, especially, fatty acids as energy sources. Exposure of cultured adipocytes and gluteal white adipose tissue (WAT) to cool temperatures activates a shared program of gene expression. Cool temperatures induce stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) expression and monounsaturated lipid levels in cultured adipocytes and distal bone marrow adipose tissues (BMATs), and SCD1 activity is required for acquisition of maximal oxygen consumption at 31°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Colleen E. Dugan
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ameena Benchamana
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. Cadenhead
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Romanelli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sydney K. Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Devika P. Bagchi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Callie A. Corsa
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Julie Hardij
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian S. Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud El Azzouny
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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