1
|
Silveira P, Valler ÍW, Hirano ZMB, Dada AN, Laska M, Salazar LTH. Food preferences and nutrient composition in captive Southern brown howler monkeys, Alouatta guariba clamitans. Primates 2024; 65:115-124. [PMID: 38170321 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Studies of food preferences in captive primates have so far mainly been restricted to frugivorous species. It was therefore the aim of the present study to assess the occurrence of spontaneous food preferences in a mainly folivorous primate, the captive Southern brown howler monkey, and to analyze whether these preferences correlate with nutrient composition. Using a two-alternative choice test, we presented ten male and five female adult Alouatta guariba clamitans with all possible binary combinations of ten types of food that are part of their diet in captivity and recorded their choice behavior. We found the howler monkeys to display the following rank order of preference: banana > mango > watermelon > papaya > beetroot > apple > pear > orange > cucumber > tomato. This preference ranking significantly and positively correlated with the total carbohydrate content and with the sucrose content of the food items. We also found significant positive correlations between the food preference ranking and the content of the minerals copper and magnesium. Male and female howler monkeys did not differ significantly in their food preference rankings. These results suggest this howler monkeys under human care are not opportunistic, but selective feeders with regard to maximizing their net gain of energy as only the content of carbohydrates, but not the contents of total energy, proteins, or lipids significantly correlated with the displayed food preferences. Thus, the food preferences of this primate are similar to those reported in several species of frugivorous primates tested with cultivated fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Silveira
- Indaial Biological Research Center, Bugio Project. Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ícaro William Valler
- Indaial Biological Research Center, Bugio Project. Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Zelinda Maria Braga Hirano
- Indaial Biological Research Center, Bugio Project. Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline Naíssa Dada
- Indaial Biological Research Center, Bugio Project. Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Indaial, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Matthias Laska
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lima IAD, Bicca-Marques JC. Opportunistic meat-eating by urban folivorous-frugivorous monkeys. Primates 2024; 65:25-32. [PMID: 37861866 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of vertebrate tissues and eggs (hereinafter "meat") is relatively common among some primates that are highly frugivorous or eclectic omnivores, but rare or absent in those that are highly folivorous. The Neotropical howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) belong in the latter group. Here we report the consumption of meat by free-ranging urban black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) and discuss the potential role of the consumed meat as a source of energy, protein, or micronutrients. We studied three groups of howler monkeys (comprising four to seven individuals), living in city squares (0.6, 1.5, and 1.9 ha) in south Brazil, from July 2022 to May 2023 (65 days; 797 h of observations). All of the study groups were spontaneously supplemented daily by people with variable amounts and types of food provided. Meat was only offered in the two larger squares. The groups' diets included leaves (42-49% scan sampling feeding records), fruit (3-20%), and flowers (2-5%) from 13 to 20 plant species, and considerable amounts of supplemented food (27-50%). We recorded 33 individual events of ingestion of supplemented cooked meat, three individual events of dove egg predation, and three bird nest inspections without egg consumption. All members of the two groups in the larger squares, except an infant male, ingested meat at least once. Meat accounted for 1% of total scan feeding records of both groups with access to this supplement. We conclude that whereas the opportunistic consumption of meat probably contributed only minor amounts of energy and protein to the study subjects, it may have benefitted them with micronutrients that are scarce in plant foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 401.02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 401.02, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elechi JOG, Sirianni R, Conforti FL, Cione E, Pellegrino M. Food System Transformation and Gut Microbiota Transition: Evidence on Advancing Obesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cancers-A Narrative Review. Foods 2023; 12:2286. [PMID: 37372497 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food, a vital component of our daily life, is fundamental to our health and well-being, and the knowledge and practices relating to food have been passed down from countless generations of ancestors. Systems may be used to describe this extremely extensive and varied body of agricultural and gastronomic knowledge that has been gathered via evolutionary processes. The gut microbiota also underwent changes as the food system did, and these alterations had a variety of effects on human health. In recent decades, the gut microbiome has gained attention due to its health benefits as well as its pathological effects on human health. Many studies have shown that a person's gut microbiota partially determines the nutritional value of food and that diet, in turn, shapes both the microbiota and the microbiome. The current narrative review aims to explain how changes in the food system over time affect the makeup and evolution of the gut microbiota, advancing obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. After a brief discussion of the food system's variety and the gut microbiota's functions, we concentrate on the relationship between the evolution of food system transformation and gut microbiota system transition linked to the increase of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Finally, we also describe sustainable food system transformation strategies to ensure healthy microbiota composition recovery and maintain the host gut barrier and immune functions to reverse advancing NCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Okoro Godwin Elechi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McLester E, Fruth B. Golden-bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus chrysogaster) exhibit a larger home range and longer travel distances than those of bonobos (Pan paniscus) at LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23486. [PMID: 36920052 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Primate ranging behavior is associated with numerous social and ecological correlates. Interspecific comparisons of ranging behavior can therefore provide insight into the socio-ecological conditions that characterize a species' niche within its community. We provide the first description of ranging behavior in golden-bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus chrysogaster), using sympatric bonobos (Pan paniscus) as a comparison. Over 6 months, we recorded GPS tracks at 1- and 5-min intervals from one habituated golden-bellied mangabey group and two habituated bonobo communities at LuiKotale, central Democratic Republic of the Congo. We compared estimates of home range size, time spent at different elevations, and hourly travel distances between species. We modeled daily travel distances against total monthly rainfall to investigate seasonal variation in daily ranging. The golden-bellied mangabey home range was similarly sized or larger than each of the two bonobo communities at LuiKotale across estimation methods. Mangabeys visited more of their range per day and spent more time in terra firma forest and less time in swamps than bonobos. Mangabeys traveled significantly farther per day and during midday hours than bonobos, but travel distances did not relate to monthly rainfall in either species. Golden-bellied mangabeys exhibited wide daily ranging behavior that more closely resembled that of sympatric bonobos than other Cercocebus species. Large homes ranges in mangabeys are likely influenced by food availability in terra firma forest, especially as groups appear to travel long distances between fruit trees and terrestrial food patches. Maximizing daytime activity may help mangabeys avoid competition from heterospecifics and indicates temporal niche partitioning in this primate community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward McLester
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Barbara Fruth
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Capuchin monkey (Sapajus spp.) diet: current knowledge, gaps, and future directions. Primates 2023; 64:305-317. [PMID: 36847940 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the feeding habits of primate species is important for an understanding of their natural history and ecological interactions between their groups, and their interactions with their environments. Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) present significant diet flexibility and are a good model for investigating diet diversity between species. We undertook a systematic literature review of publications on the diet of free-living Sapajus spp. groups by using the Web of Science platform. We performed scientometric analyses of the objectives and hypotheses of the reviewed works, identified knowledge gaps, and evaluated the composition of each group's diet. Our results indicate geographic and taxonomic biases among the 59 published studies that we examined. The studies were focused on Sapajus nigritus, Sapajus libidinosus, and Sapajus apella, and undertaken in long-term study sites. Foraging and behavioral aspects of how food is processed were recurring themes. Capuchin monkeys increase their consumption of anthropogenic food according to its supply. Despite the similar objectives of these studies, standardized data collection protocols were not employed. Although Sapajus spp. are widely distributed and are used for cognitive studies, basic aspects of their natural history, such as their diet, remain unknown. We emphasize the importance of undertaking studies on this genus to fill the identified knowledge gaps, and propose that investigations should be carried out on the effects of dietary changes on individuals and groups. We stress that, as the Neotropical region is one of those most affected by anthropogenic impacts, opportunities to study these primates in their natural environments are diminishing daily.
Collapse
|
6
|
Veen J, Jang H, Raubenheimer D, van Pinxteren BOCM, Kandza V, Meirmans PG, van Dam NM, Dunker S, Hoffmann P, Worrich A, Janmaat KRL. Development of embodied capital: Diet composition, foraging skills, and botanical knowledge of forager children in the Congo Basin. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.935987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The embodied capital theory states that the extended juvenile period has enabled human foragers to acquire the complex foraging skills and knowledge needed to obtain food. Yet we lack detailed data on how forager children develop these skills and knowledge. Here, we examine the seasonal diet composition, foraging behavior, and botanical knowledge of Mbendjele BaYaka forager children in the Republic of the Congo. Our data, acquired through long-term observations involving full-day focal follows, show a high level of seasonal fluctuation in diet and foraging activities of BaYaka children, in response to the seasonal availability of their food sources. BaYaka children foraged more than half of the time independent from adults, predominantly collecting and eating fruits, tubers, and seeds. For these most-consumed food types, we found an early onset of specialization of foraging skills in children, similar to the gendered division in foraging in adults. Specifically, children were more likely to eat fruit and seed species when there were more boys and men in the group, and girls were more likely than boys to collect tuber species. In a botanical knowledge test, children were more accurate at identifying plant food species with increasing age, and they used fruits and trunks for species identification, more so than using leaves and barks. These results show how the foraging activities of BaYaka children may facilitate the acquisition of foraging skills and botanical knowledge and provide insights into the development of embodied capital. Additionally, BaYaka children consumed agricultural foods more than forest foods, probably reflecting BaYaka’s transition into a horticultural lifestyle. This change in diet composition may have significant consequences for the cognitive development of BaYaka children.
Collapse
|
7
|
Poor conceptual knowledge in the food domain and food rejection dispositions in 3- to 7-year-old children. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 226:105546. [PMID: 36099753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research established that children with poorer taxonomic knowledge in the food domain display increased levels of food rejection. However, the food domain heavily lends itself to script and thematic conceptual knowledge (e.g., pancakes at breakfast), to which young children already attend. This series of studies investigated the development of conceptual knowledge, specifically in the food domain, and the link with food rejection. Study 1 used a nonconflicting triad task testing children's knowledge of four subtypes of script and thematic associations (food-food pairs, food-utensil pairs, event scripts, and meal scripts) with children aged 3-6 years living in the United States (18 males and 14 females). Study 2 employed the same design along with a measure of food rejection in 3- to 6-year-olds living in France (67 males and 62 females). There was significant conceptual development in both groups, but thematic food concepts are acquired earlier than meal script concepts. Study 3 investigated the link between thematic and script cross-classification and food rejection in 39 females and 33 males living in France (4- to 7-year-olds). Results demonstrate that children as young as 3 years old are already attending to thematic and script structures to inform food-based decision making. Even more critically, Study 3 showed that increased food rejection tendencies are negatively related to script and thematic understanding in the food domain. Such seminal studies illustrate the importance of conceptual knowledge in children's interpretation and acceptance of food, highlighting promising avenues for knowledge-based interventions to foster dietary variety.
Collapse
|
8
|
Seasonal Preference for Sugar in Captive Dwarf Lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) Tracks Dietary Shifts in Madagascar. INT J PRIMATOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-022-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
9
|
Li X, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhang M, Wang S, Xiang Z, Pan H, Li M. The Relationship Between Gut Microbiome and Bile Acids in Primates With Diverse Diets. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:899102. [PMID: 35633689 PMCID: PMC9130754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.899102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primates have evolved a variety of feeding habits and intestinal physiological structure. Gut microbiome act as metabolic organs in many biological processes and play a vital role in adaptation to dietary niches. Gut microbiome also convert primary bile acids (BAs) to secondary. BAs profile and gut microbiome are together influenced by diets and play a significant role in nutrient absorption. The regulation between gut microbiome and BAs metabolism is bidirectional although the relationship in primates consuming diverse diets is still unclear. Here, we investigated gut microbiome structures, fecal BAs profile, and their relationship in primates preferring three distinct diets. We found that gut microbiome communities are well differentiated among dietary groups. Folivorous primates had higher Firmicutes abundance and lower Prevotella to Bacaeroides ratios, possibly related to fiber consumption. Frugivorous primates are colonized predominantly by Prevotella and Bacteroides, pointing to an increased adaptation to high-sugar and simple carbohydrate diets. Likewise, BA profiles differ according to diet in a manner predictable from the known effects of BAs on metabolism. Folivorous primates have high conjugated bile acid levels and low unconjugated to conjugated BA ratios, consistent with their fiber-rich leaf-eating diet. Much of the differentiation in secondary and unconjugated BAs is associated with microbiome composition shifts and individual bile acid concentrations are correlated with the abundance of distinct bacterial taxonomic groups. Omnivores have higher concentrations of secondary BAs, mainly lithocholic acid (LCA). These levels are significantly positively correlated with the presence of Clostrida species, showing that the digestion requirements of omnivores are different from plant-eating primates. In conclusion, gut microbiome and BAs can respond to changes in diet and are associated with nutrient component consumption in each diet primate group. Our study is the first to demonstrate BA profile differentiation among primates preferring diverse diets. BAs thus appear to work with gut microbiome to help primates adapt to their diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zuofu Xiang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Huijuan Pan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of the Human-Gut Microbiota Symbiosis in a Changing Nutritional Environment. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe operational harmony between living beings and their circumstances, their ever-changing environment, is a constitutive condition of their existence. Nutrition and symbiosis are two essential aspects of this harmony. Disruption of the symbiosis between host and gut microbiota, the so-called dysbiosis, as well as the inadequate diet from which it results, contribute to the etiology of immunometabolic disorders. Research into the development of these diseases is highly influenced by our understanding of the evolutionary roots of metabolic functioning, thereby considering that chronic non-communicable diseases arise from an evolutionary mismatch. However, the lens has been mostly directed toward energy availability and metabolism, but away from our closest environmental factor, the gut microbiota. Thus, this paper proposes a narrative thread that places symbiosis in an evolutionary perspective, expanding the traditional framework of humans’ adaptation to their food environment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dinsmore MP, Strier KB, Louis EE. The influence of seasonality, anthropogenic disturbances, and cyclonic activity on the behavior of northern sportive lemurs (Lepilemur septentrionalis) at Montagne des Français, Madagascar. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23333. [PMID: 34679194 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic tropical deforestation and degradation imminently threaten primates today. Primates living in these disturbed habitats may also be subjected to increasingly severe tropical storms such as cyclones or hurricanes. These disturbances pose an immediate risk to their livelihood and can dramatically alter their habitats, in turn potentially shifting behavioral patterns. We had the unique opportunity to study the effects of seasonality, anthropogenic disturbances, and the immediate effects of a cyclone on the behavior of the critically endangered northern sportive lemur (NSL) in an anthropogenically disturbed forest in Madagascar. Cyclone Enawo made landfall on March 7, 2017 in northeast Madagascar with sustained wind speeds of 230 km/h. We collected behavioral data on nine individual NSLs during both wet and dry seasons, before and after Cyclone Enawo, and in areas of differing human activity, using scan sampling at 5-min intervals. We ran generalized linear mixed models to test the effects of seasonality and disturbances on behavior. We found that NSLs spent more time feeding in dry months compared with wet (Z = -4.21, p < 0.001). More specifically, they spent more time-consuming leaves and vine species in the dry season (Z = -2.26, p = 0.02; Z = -2.3; p = 0.02). We also found that NSLs were observed at lower heights in trees after the cyclone (Z = -2.45; p = 0.016) and spent more time in the interior portions of trees (Z = 3.44; p < 0.001), perhaps due to extensive limb damage of emergent trees documented after the cyclone. Our analyses show that seasonality affected most aspects of NSL behavior, followed by the effects of Cyclone Enawo, with anthropogenic disturbances having little effect. Our data suggest that the behavioral flexibility of NSLs in response to predictable seasonality may enable them to respond similarly to stochastic climatic disturbances. However, their generalist diet may allow them to persist in anthropogenically disturbed landscapes without the need to greatly alter their behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Dinsmore
- School of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Environment and Resources, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Edward E Louis
- Center for Conservation and Research, Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smith AD, De Lillo C. Sources of variation in search and foraging: A theoretical perspective. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:197-231. [PMID: 34609229 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Search-the problem of exploring a space of alternatives to identify target goals-is a fundamental behaviour for many species. Although its foundation lies in foraging, most studies of human search behaviour have been directed towards understanding the attentional mechanisms that underlie the efficient visual exploration of two-dimensional (2D) scenes. With this review, we aim to characterise how search behaviour can be explained across a wide range of contexts, environments, spatial scales, and populations, both typical and atypical. We first consider the generality of search processes across psychological domains. We then review studies of interspecies differences in search. Finally, we explore in detail the individual and contextual variables that affect visual search and related behaviours in established experimental psychology paradigms. Despite the heterogeneity of the findings discussed, we identify that variations in control processes, along with the ability to regulate behaviour as a function of the structure of search space and the sampling processes adopted, to be central to explanations of variations in search behaviour. We propose a tentative theoretical model aimed at integrating these notions and close by exploring questions that remain unaddressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo De Lillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Validation of a Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate Assay in Three Platyrrhine Primates (Alouatta caraya, Aotus azarae infulatus, and Sapajus apella). INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Lim JY, Wasserman MD, Veen J, Després-Einspenner ML, Kissling WD. Ecological and evolutionary significance of primates' most consumed plant families. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210737. [PMID: 34130500 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosperms have been essential components of primate diets for millions of years, but the relative importance of different angiosperm families remains unclear. Here, we assess the contribution and ecological and evolutionary significance of plant families to diets of wild primates by compiling an unprecedented dataset of almost 9000 dietary records from 141 primary sources covering 112 primate species. Of the 205 angiosperm plant families recorded in primate diets, only 10 were consumed by more than half of primate species. Plants of the Moraceae and Fabaceae families were the most widely and frequently consumed, and they likely represent keystone resources for primates. Over 75% of species fed on these two families, and together they made up a median of approximately 13% of primate diets. By analysing the relative proportion of different plant parts consumed, we found that Moraceae was mainly eaten as fruit and Fabaceae as non-fruit parts, with the consumption of these two families not showing a significant phylogenetic signal across primate species. Moraceae consumption was associated with small home range sizes, even though more frugivorous primates tended to have larger home ranges compared to more folivorous species, possibly due to the year-round availability of moraceous fruits and the asynchrony in their phenology. Our results suggest that primates may be intricately and subtly shaped by the plant families that they have consumed over millions of years, and highlight the importance of detailed dietary studies to better understand primate ecology and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ying Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael D Wasserman
- Department of Anthropology and Human Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jorin Veen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Theoretical and Computational Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Talbot S, Gerdjikov T, De Lillo C. Two variations and one similarity in memory functions deployed by mice and humans to support foraging. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:245-259. [PMID: 33818203 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211010576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assessing variations in cognitive function between humans and animals is vital for understanding the idiosyncrasies of human cognition and for refining animal models of human brain function and disease. We determined memory functions deployed by mice and humans to support foraging with a search task acting as a test battery. Mice searched for food from the top of poles within an open arena. Poles were divided into groups based on visual cues and baited according to different schedules. White and black poles were baited in alternate trials. Striped poles were never baited. The requirement of the task was to find all baits in each trial. Mice's foraging efficiency, defined as the number of poles visited before all baits were retrieved, improved with practice. Mice learnt to avoid visiting unbaited poles across trials (long-term memory) and revisits to poles within each trial (working memory). Humans tested with a virtual reality version of the task outperformed mice in foraging efficiency, working memory, and exploitation of the temporal pattern of rewards across trials. Moreover, humans, but not mice, reduced the number of possible movement sequences used to search the set of poles. For these measures, interspecies differences were maintained throughout the 3 weeks of testing. By contrast, long-term memory for never-rewarded poles was similar in mice and humans after the first week of testing. These results indicate that human cognitive functions relying on archaic brain structures may be adequately modelled in mice. Conversely, modelling in mice fluid skills likely to have developed specifically in primates requires caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Talbot
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Todor Gerdjikov
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Carlo De Lillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takahashi MQ, Rothman JM, Raubenheimer D, Cords M. Daily protein prioritization and long-term nutrient balancing in a dietary generalist, the blue monkey. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animals make dietary choices to achieve adequate nutrient intake; however, it is challenging to study such nutritional strategies in wild populations. We explored the nutritional strategy of a generalist social primate, the blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis). We hypothesized that females balance intake of nutrients, specifically non-protein energy and protein, both on a daily and long-term basis. When balancing was not possible, we expected subjects to prioritize constant protein intake, allowing non-protein energy to vary more. To understand the ecology of nutrient balancing, we examined how habitat use, food availability, diet composition, social dominance rank, and reproductive demand influenced nutrient intake. Over 9 months, we conducted 371 all-day focal follows on 24 subjects in Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Females exhibited short- and long-term nutritional strategies. Daily, they balanced non-protein energy to protein intake but when balancing was impossible, monkeys prioritized protein intake. Longer term, they balanced non-protein energy:protein intake in a 3.8:1 ratio. The ratio related positively to fruit in the diet and negatively to time in near-natural forest, but we found no evidence that it related to food availability, reproductive demand, or dominance rank. Lower-ranked females had broader daily diets, however, which may reflect behavioral feeding strategies to cope with social constraints. Overall, females prioritized daily protein, allowing less variation in protein intake than other aspects such as non-protein energy:protein ratio and non-protein energy intake. The emerging pattern in primates suggests that diverse dietary strategies evolved to allow adherence to a nutrient balance of non-protein energy:protein despite various social and environmental constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maressa Q Takahashi
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica M Rothman
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Anthropology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Andrade Carneiro L, Moreno TB, Fernandes BD, Souza CMM, Bastos TS, Félix AP, da Rocha C. Effects of two dietary fiber levels on nutrient digestibility and intestinal fermentation products in captive brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba). Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23238. [PMID: 33544426 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous primates present a selective consumption profile and morphological adaptations to use the fibrous fraction of their diets. Brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) are generalist herbivores; however, when kept under human care, they usually receive diets rich in fruits and with insufficient amounts of fiber. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in howlers on apparent total tract digestibility coefficients (ATTDC), fecal consistency, and intestinal fermentation products. A group of 26 adult howler monkeys, 13 males and 13 females, were fed two diets formulated to have 33% or 40% NDF for 11 days, according to a randomized block design (N = 26). The block factor was the enclosures with one, two, or three individuals (each enclosure corresponded to an experimental unit), totaling in eight replicates per treatment. There were no differences in dry matter and nutrients intake between treatments (p > 0.05). The diet with 33% NDF resulted in higher (p < 0.05) ATTDC of crude protein and crude energy. However, lower fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and dry matter were observed in the treatment with 33% NDF in contrast to the 40% NDF group (p < 0.05). We recommend the inclusion of higher fiber levels (40% NDF) in the diet of howler monkeys since there is evidence of greater production of SCFA and improvement in fecal consistency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Andrade Carneiro
- Depratment of Animal nutrition board, Superintendence of Conservation and Research, Brasilia Zoo Foundation, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Tatiane B Moreno
- Depratment of Animal nutrition board, Superintendence of Conservation and Research, Brasilia Zoo Foundation, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Barbara D Fernandes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Camilla M M Souza
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tais S Bastos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ananda P Félix
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Chayane da Rocha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beeby N, Baden AL. Seasonal variability in the diet and feeding ecology of black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) in Ranomafana National Park, southeastern Madagascar. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 174:763-775. [PMID: 33463723 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We characterized the diet and foraging ecology of the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata), a specialized frugivore, and investigated behavioral strategies exhibited in response to seasonal changes in resource availability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Behavioral data were collected from the same two adjacent communities across 29 months during two observation periods (2007-2008; 2017-2018) in Mangevo, a primary rainforest habitat in southeastern Madagascar. To analyze feeding in the context of energy maximization versus time minimization strategies, we used nonparametric tests to compare plant part constituents, dietary diversity, activity budgets, and canopy strata use between fruit-abundant versus fruit-lean seasons. RESULTS Individuals dedicated ~30% of their time to feeding year-round, mostly in the middle canopy (11-20 m). Animals fed primarily on fruits (74% of diet), but frugivory decreased and folivory increased markedly during fruit-lean seasons. Abundant season dietary diversity (98 taxa, H' = 0.71-1.37) was greater than lean season diversity (70 taxa, H' = 0.56-1.06), which coincided with less traveling, more resting, and higher canopy use-though interannual variation was observed. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we describe behavioral and dietary patterns that are concordant with a time minimizing behavioral strategy. Black-and-white ruffed lemur diets comprised lower taxonomic diversity, fewer fruits, and more leaves during fruit-lean months. Further, shifts toward less travel, more resting, and greater use of higher canopy levels during this time were most likely for thermoregulatory benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Beeby
- The Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea L Baden
- The Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Amici F, Widdig A, MacIntosh AJJ, Francés VB, Castellano-Navarro A, Caicoya AL, Karimullah K, Maulany RI, Ngakan PO, Hamzah AS, Majolo B. Dominance style only partially predicts differences in neophobia and social tolerance over food in four macaque species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22069. [PMID: 33328593 PMCID: PMC7744554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primates live in complex social systems with social structures ranging from more to less despotic. In less despotic species, dominance might impose fewer constraints on social choices, tolerance is greater than in despotic species and subordinates may have little need to include novel food items in the diet (i.e. neophilia), as contest food competition is lower and resources more equally distributed across group members. Here, we used macaques as a model to assess whether different dominance styles predict differences in neophilia and social tolerance over food. We provided familiar and novel food to 4 groups of wild macaques (N = 131) with different dominance styles (Macaca fuscata, M. fascicularis, M. sylvanus, M. maura). Our study revealed inter- and intra-specific differences in individuals' access to food, which only partially reflected the dominance styles of the study subjects. Contrary to our prediction, social tolerance over food was higher in more despotic species than in less despotic species. Individuals with a higher dominance rank and being better socially integrated (i.e. higher Eigenvector centrality) were more likely to retrieve food in all species, regardless of their dominance style. Partially in line with our predictions, less integrated individuals more likely overcame neophobia (as compared to more integrated ones), but only in species with more tolerance over food. Our study suggests that individual characteristics (e.g. social integration or personality) other than dominance rank may have a stronger effect on an individual's access to resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Amici
- Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Research Group Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anja Widdig
- Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Alba Castellano-Navarro
- Ethology and Animal Welfare Section, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Lopez Caicoya
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karimullah Karimullah
- Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Risma Illa Maulany
- Forestry Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Putu Oka Ngakan
- Forestry Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Andi Siady Hamzah
- Forestry Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Santoro S, Aquino CGG, Mota FC, Artoni RF. DOES EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY HELP THE UNDERSTANDING OF METABOLIC SURGERY? A FOCUSED REVIEW. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 33:e1503. [PMID: 32667533 PMCID: PMC7357560 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020190001e1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The wide net of physiological issues involved in metabolic surgery is
extremely complex. Nonetheless, compared anatomy and phisiology can provide
good clues of how digestive tracts are shaped for more or less caloric food,
for more or less fiber, for abundance and for scarcity.
Objective: To review data from Compared Anatomy and Physiology, and in the Evolutionary
Sciences that could help in the better comprehension of the metabolic
surgery.
Method: A focused review of the literature selecting information from these three
fields of knowledge in databases: Cochrane Library, Medline and SciELO,
articles and book chapters in English and Portuguese, between 1955 and 2019,
using the headings “GIP, GLP-1, PYY, type 2 diabetes, vertebrates digestive
system, hominid evolution, obesity, bariatric surgery “.
Results: The digestive tract of superior animals shows highly specialized organs to
digest and absorb specific diets. In spite of the wide variations of
digestive systems, some general rules are observed. The proximal part of the
digestive tract, facing the scarcity of sugars, is basically dedicated to
generate sugar from different substrates (gluconeogenesis). Basic proximal
gut tasks are to proportionally input free sugars, insulin, other fuels and
to generate anabolic elements to the blood, some of them obesogenic. To
limit the ingestion by satiety, by gastric emptying diminution and to limit
the excessive elevation of major fuels (sugar and fat) in the blood are
mostly the metabolict asks of the distal gut. A rapid and profound change in
human diet composition added large amounts of high glycemic index foods.
They seem to have caused an enhancement in the endocrine and metabolic
activities of the proximal gut and a reduction in these activities of the
distal gut. The most efficient models of metabolic surgery indeed make
adjustments in this proximal/distal balance in the gut metabolic activities.
Conclusion: Metabolic surgery works basically by making adjustments to the proximal and
distal gut metabolic activities that resemble the action of natural
selection in the development the digestive systems of superior animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Santoro
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio G G Aquino
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Filippe Camarotto Mota
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory, Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, Ponta Grossa State University, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cazelles-Durand N, Maloueki U, Rachid L, Beltrame M, Juillard F, Musuyu-Muganza D. Première observation d’un comportement de Leaf Swallowing chez des chimpanzés vivant en captivité à la Réserve Africaine de Sigean, France. REVUE DE PRIMATOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.4000/primatologie.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
22
|
Onstein RE, Vink DN, Veen J, Barratt CD, Flantua SGA, Wich SA, Kissling WD. Palm fruit colours are linked to the broad-scale distribution and diversification of primate colour vision systems. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192731. [PMID: 32097588 PMCID: PMC7062032 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis in ecology and evolution is that trichromatic colour vision (the ability to distinguish red from green) in frugivorous primates has evolved as an adaptation to detect conspicuous (reddish) fruits. This could provide a competitive advantage over dichromatic frugivores which cannot distinguish reddish colours from a background of green foliage. Here, we test whether the origin, distribution and diversity of trichromatic primates is positively associated with the availability of conspicuous palm fruits, i.e. keystone fruit resources for tropical frugivores. We combine global data of colour vision, distribution and phylogenetic data for more than 400 primate species with fruit colour data for more than 1700 palm species, and reveal that species richness of trichromatic primates increases with the proportion of palm species that have conspicuous fruits, especially in subtropical African forests. By contrast, species richness of trichromats in Asia and the Americas is not positively associated with conspicuous palm fruit colours. Macroevolutionary analyses further indicate rapid and synchronous radiations of trichromats and conspicuous palms on the African mainland starting 10 Ma. These results suggest that the distribution and diversification of African trichromatic primates is strongly linked to the relative availability of conspicuous (versus non-conspicuous) palm fruits, and that interactions between primates and palms are related to the coevolutionary dynamics of primate colour vision systems and palm fruit colours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renske E Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne N Vink
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorin Veen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher D Barratt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Suzette G A Flantua
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Serge A Wich
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L33AF, Liverpool, UK
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Variations in the Beneficial Effects of Spatial Structure and Serial Organisation on Working Memory Span in Humans and Other Species. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020. [PMID: 31325116 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter reviews studies of spontaneous search in large-scale settings and studies featuring variations of the Corsi test in humans and animals. It aims to highlight a synergy of working memory (WM) processes and the use of spatio-temporal structure and explain its underpinnings within a comparative framework. The chapter starts by showing that the degree of organisation of serial search patterns spontaneously deployed by humans and animals in simulated foraging tasks is associated with a reduction of WM errors. Then, by comparing studies conducted on different species, it exposes a parallel between the degree of search organisation and taxonomic relatedness to humans. Such a parallel could indicate that a hallmark of the cognition of humans and closely related species is the ability to offload WM by developing serially organised search patterns that exploit the spatial structure of the environment. However, a causal relationship between serial organisation and search efficiency can only be inferred with serial recall tasks, where the structure of specific sequences can be systematically manipulated. Thus, studies using variations of the Corsi test are considered subsequently, which suggest that humans might enjoy an exceptional aptitude to benefit from the spatio-temporal structure in serial tasks, despite remarkable memory abilities shown by other primate species as well. The extent to which the benefit of spatial organisation in human WM span must be mediated by perceptual grouping processes is then considered. To clarify this issue, recent experiments using virtual reality to compare serial recall in small visual displays that afford perceptual grouping and in immersive navigational spaces that cannot do so are discussed. The results of these latter experiments indicate that the effects of structure in serial recall emerge in conditions not affording grouping at perceptual level. Thus, it is suggested that more central representational processes play a role in the interaction between spatio-temporal organisation and working memory span in humans.
Collapse
|
24
|
Anointing with commercial insect repellent by free-ranging Cebus capucinus in Manuel Antonio National Park, Quepos, Costa Rica. Primates 2019; 60:559-563. [PMID: 31440864 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fur rubbing or anointing is a well known behavior in capuchin monkeys (Cebus and Sapajus), and may have medicinal and/or social functions. Observations of anointing in capuchins have recorded the application of substances derived from both plants (orange, onion, garlic, citronella, and lemongrass) and animals (ants and millipedes). The present study reports on anointing behavior in free-ranging white-headed capuchins, Cebus capucinus, which involved a commercial insect repellent. After looting a bottle of repellent from the bag of a visitor to the Manuel Antonio National Park in Costa Rica, an adult male bit open the bottle and rubbed the leaking liquid over its entire body, focusing mainly on its belly. Other members of the group rubbed themselves against the male's body and were eventually able to retrieve the bottle of repellent and anoint themselves. The repellent is composed mainly of extracts of eucalyptus and citronella. The capuchins may have been attracted by the strong citric scent of the citronella, which is known to stimulate fur-rubbing behavior in these monkeys. This is reinforced by the fact that the sequence of events was quite distinct from that associated with an earlier event, in which a juvenile male looted, tasted, and then discarded a stick of lip gloss and a tube of sunblock. Overall, the observations indicate that the citric scent of the repellent was attractive to the capuchins, especially in comparison with other man-made substances. As the animals partially ingested all the substances, there is clearly a need for more effective regulation of the contact between animals and visitors in the park.
Collapse
|
25
|
Teichroeb JA, Vining AQ. Navigation strategies in three nocturnal lemur species: diet predicts heuristic use and degree of exploratory behavior. Anim Cogn 2019; 22:343-354. [PMID: 30758804 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-019-01247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Humans generally solve multi-destination routes with simple rules-of-thumb. Animals may do the same, but strong evidence is limited to a few species. We examined whether strepsirrhines, who diverged from haplorhines more than 58 mya, would demonstrate the use of three heuristics used by humans and supported in vervets, the nearest neighbor rule, the convex hull, and a cluster strategy, when solving a multi-destination route. We hypothesized that the evolution of these strategies may depend on a species' dietary specialization. Three nocturnal lemur species were tested on an experimental array at the Duke Lemur Center. Frugivorous fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) were expected to follow paths most consistent with distance-saving navigational heuristics because fruit trees are stationary targets. Gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) and aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis), which rely on more mobile and ephemeral foods, were expected to use fewer paths consistent with these heuristics and be more exploratory. Our data supported all of these hypotheses. Dwarf lemurs used paths consistent with all three heuristics, took the shortest paths, and were the least exploratory. Mouse lemurs were quite exploratory but sometimes used paths consistent with heuristics. Aye-ayes showed no evidence of heuristic use and were the most exploratory. Distinguishable patterns of inter- and intra-individual variation in ability to solve the route, speed, and behavior occurred in each species. This research suggests that these simple navigational heuristics are not part of a readily available set of cognitive tools inherited by all primates but instead evolve due to need in each lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Teichroeb
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Alexander Q Vining
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616-8522, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brunstrom JM, Cheon BK. Do humans still forage in an obesogenic environment? Mechanisms and implications for weight maintenance. Physiol Behav 2018; 193:261-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
27
|
Fuss J, Uhlig G, Böhme M. Earliest evidence of caries lesion in hominids reveal sugar-rich diet for a Middle Miocene dryopithecine from Europe. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203307. [PMID: 30161214 PMCID: PMC6117023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of dental caries is mainly caused by dietary habits and therefore, may contain information for dietary reconstructions of fossil hominids. This study investigates the caries lesion in the 12.5 Ma old type specimen of Dryopithecus carinthiacus Mottl 1957 (Primates, Hominidae) from St. Stefan (Austria). Potential food sources are identified on associated palynological data, which allow conclusions about food quality, sugar availability and the hominid metabolism during the Middle Miocene. Using micro computed tomography (μCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we provide a detailed analysis and characterization of the individuals' caries type. Its lesion is compared with a dataset of 311 wild chimpanzees, indicating morphological and etiological differences in caries formation between both species. The affected molar of D. carinthiacus reveals features known from severe dental caries in humans: (1) Cavitation with steep walls and smooth surface; (2) Reparative dentine at the roof of the pulp chamber; (3) Sclerotic dentine below the cavitation; (4) Association with dental calculus and (5) Unilateral usage of the healthy right tooth row. Its advanced primary caries, initiating on the intact enamel surface, indicates a frequent intake of highly cariogenic sugar-rich fruits, which likely exceeds the frugivory of extant chimpanzees. This finding corresponds with the associated palynological record, which infers a habitat with nearly year-round supply (9-10 months/year) of high quality foods (>carbohydrates; < fibers). Our conclusions challenge the model of a step-wise increase in dietary quality during hominid evolution and support the uricase hypothesis, which discusses the hominid autapomorphy of a fructose-based fat accumulation for periods of starvation. This model receives further validation by the identification of soft-tissue preservation, interpreted as fossilized white adipose cells, in the articulated hominid skeleton of Oreopithecus bamboli from Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Fuss
- Department of Geoscience, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Uhlig
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Madelaine Böhme
- Department of Geoscience, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gut microbiomes of wild great apes fluctuate seasonally in response to diet. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1786. [PMID: 29725011 PMCID: PMC5934369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is essential for extraction of energy and nutrition from plant-based diets and may have facilitated primate adaptation to new dietary niches in response to rapid environmental shifts. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the microbiota of wild western lowland gorillas and sympatric central chimpanzees and demonstrate compositional divergence between the microbiotas of gorillas, chimpanzees, Old World monkeys, and modern humans. We show that gorilla and chimpanzee microbiomes fluctuate with seasonal rainfall patterns and frugivory. Metagenomic sequencing of gorilla microbiomes demonstrates distinctions in functional metabolic pathways, archaea, and dietary plants among enterotypes, suggesting that dietary seasonality dictates shifts in the microbiome and its capacity for microbial plant fiber digestion versus growth on mucus glycans. These data indicate that great ape microbiomes are malleable in response to dietary shifts, suggesting a role for microbiome plasticity in driving dietary flexibility, which may provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms by which diet has driven the evolution of human gut microbiomes. Microbiota composition fluctuates in response to changes in environmental and lifestyle factors. Here, Hicks et al. show that the faecal microbiota of wild gorillas and chimpanzees is temporally dynamic, with shifts that correlate with seasonal rainfall patterns and periods of high and low frugivory.
Collapse
|
29
|
Greene LK, McKenney EA. The inside tract: The appendicular, cecal, and colonic microbiome of captive aye‐ayes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:960-967. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K. Greene
- University Program in Ecology, Duke UniversityDurham North Carolina 27708
- Department of Evolutionary AnthropologyDuke UniversityDurham North Carolina 27708
| | - Erin A. McKenney
- Department of Applied EcologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh North Carolina 27695
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Borah M, Devi A, Kumar A. Diet and feeding ecology of the western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in a tropical forest fragment of Northeast India. Primates 2017; 59:31-44. [PMID: 28894949 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Forest fragmentation alters plant species diversity and composition, and causes diverse affects on the feeding behavior of wild primates. We investigated the feeding behavior and diet of two groups of western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) inhabiting a small isolated forest patch (21 km2) in Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, Northeast India, over a year using focal animal sampling. H. hoolock adults spent, on average, 35.2% of their total annual activity budget on feeding, and fed on young leaves, mature leaves, flowers, fruits, petioles, buds and also on animal matter. There was marked seasonal variation in the proportions of the dietary items consumed. Fruits accounted for an average of 51% (range 34-71% per month) of feeding time over the year. This highly frugivorous diet may limit the ability of the species to survive in small and disturbed forest fragments. A total of 54 plant species (32 families) were consumed by the focal groups during the study period, but there were variations between months in the selection of these plant species. Non-tree species such as lianas were among the most highly selected species in the diet. Moraceae, comprising ten species, was the most dominant family among the food plants, accounting for 36% of annual feeding time. The present study presents quantitative and qualitative data on dietary composition, preference and selection of food plants of H. hoolock in a fragmented habitat, which can contribute to the restoration and manipulation of degraded habitats of H. hoolock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrigakhi Borah
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Ashalata Devi
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Itanagar, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hackstein JHP, van Alen TA. FECAL METHANOGENS AND VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION. Evolution 2017; 50:559-572. [PMID: 28568959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/1995] [Accepted: 04/26/1995] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been assumed that the feeding habits of vertebrates predispose the variety of intestinal differentiations and the composition of the microbial biota living in their intestinal tracts. Consequently, the presence of methanogenic bacteria in the various differentiations of the large intestine and the foregut of herbivorous vertebrates had been attributed primarily to the existence of anaerobic habitats and the availability of carbon dioxide and hydrogen originating from the fermentative microbial digestion of plant-based diets. However, Australian ratites, many murids, and several New World primates lack methanogens, despite their intestinal differentiations and their vegetarian feeding habits. Crocodiles, giant snakes, aardvarks, and ant-eaters on the other hand release significant amounts of methane. A determination of methane emissions by 253 vertebrate species confirmed that competence for intestinal methanogenic bacteria is shared by related species and higher taxa, irrespective of different feeding habits. In "methanogenic" branches of the evolutionary tree, a variety of differentiations of the large intestine evolved and, in some cases, differentiations of the foregut. In contrast, the lack of competence for methanogens in chiropterans/insectivores and carnivores apparently has precluded the evolution of specialized fermenting differentiations of the digestive tract. Our observations reveal that the presence of intestinal methanogenic bacteria is under phylogenetic rather than dietary control: competence for intestinal methanogenic bacteria is a plesiomorphic (primitive-shared) character among reptiles, birds, and mammals. This competence for methanogenic bacteria has been crucial for the evolution of the amniotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H P Hackstein
- Department of Microbiology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Science, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, NL-6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A van Alen
- Department of Microbiology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Science, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, NL-6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
De Lillo C, Kirby M, Poole D. Spatio-Temporal Structure, Path Characteristics, and Perceptual Grouping in Immediate Serial Spatial Recall. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1686. [PMID: 27891101 PMCID: PMC5104749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediate serial spatial recall measures the ability to retain sequences of locations in short-term memory and is considered the spatial equivalent of digit span. It is tested by requiring participants to reproduce sequences of movements performed by an experimenter or displayed on a monitor. Different organizational factors dramatically affect serial spatial recall but they are often confounded or underspecified. Untangling them is crucial for the characterization of working-memory models and for establishing the contribution of structure and memory capacity to spatial span. We report five experiments assessing the relative role and independence of factors that have been reported in the literature. Experiment 1 disentangled the effects of spatial clustering and path-length by manipulating the distance of items displayed on a touchscreen monitor. Long-path sequences segregated by spatial clusters were compared with short-path sequences not segregated by clusters. Recall was more accurate for sequences segregated by clusters independently from path-length. Experiment 2 featured conditions where temporal pauses were introduced between or within cluster boundaries during the presentation of sequences with the same paths. Thus, the temporal structure of the sequences was either consistent or inconsistent with a hierarchical representation based on segmentation by spatial clusters but the effect of structure could not be confounded with effects of path-characteristics. Pauses at cluster boundaries yielded more accurate recall, as predicted by a hierarchical model. In Experiment 3, the systematic manipulation of sequence structure, path-length, and presence of path-crossings of sequences showed that structure explained most of the variance, followed by the presence/absence of path-crossings, and path-length. Experiments 4 and 5 replicated the results of the previous experiments in immersive virtual reality navigation tasks where the viewpoint of the observer changed dynamically during encoding and recall. This suggested that the effects of structure in spatial span are not dependent on perceptual grouping processes induced by the aerial view of the stimulus array typically afforded by spatial recall tasks. These results demonstrate the independence of coding strategies based on structure from effects of path characteristics and perceptual grouping in immediate serial spatial recall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Lillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
| | - Melissa Kirby
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Poole
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Coiner-Collier S, Scott RS, Chalk-Wilayto J, Cheyne SM, Constantino P, Dominy NJ, Elgart AA, Glowacka H, Loyola LC, Ossi-Lupo K, Raguet-Schofield M, Talebi MG, Sala EA, Sieradzy P, Taylor AB, Vinyard CJ, Wright BW, Yamashita N, Lucas PW, Vogel ER. Primate dietary ecology in the context of food mechanical properties. J Hum Evol 2016; 98:103-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
Nutritional status and Mediterranean diet quality among Spanish children and adolescents with food neophobia. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
35
|
Foerster S, Zhong Y, Pintea L, Murray CM, Wilson ML, Mjungu DC, Pusey AE. Feeding habitat quality and behavioral trade-offs in chimpanzees: a case for species distribution models. Behav Ecol 2016; 27:1004-1016. [PMID: 27418751 PMCID: PMC4943107 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution and abundance of food resources are among the most important factors that influence animal behavioral strategies. Yet, spatial variation in feeding habitat quality is often difficult to assess with traditional methods that rely on extrapolation from plot survey data or remote sensing. Here, we show that maximum entropy species distribution modeling can be used to successfully predict small-scale variation in the distribution of 24 important plant food species for chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We combined model predictions with behavioral observations to quantify feeding habitat quality as the cumulative dietary proportion of the species predicted to occur in a given location. This measure exhibited considerable spatial heterogeneity with elevation and latitude, both within and across main habitat types. We used model results to assess individual variation in habitat selection among adult chimpanzees during a 10-year period, testing predictions about trade-offs between foraging and reproductive effort. We found that nonswollen females selected the highest-quality habitats compared with swollen females or males, in line with predictions based on their energetic needs. Swollen females appeared to compromise feeding in favor of mating opportunities, suggesting that females rather than males change their ranging patterns in search of mates. Males generally occupied feeding habitats of lower quality, which may exacerbate energetic challenges of aggression and territory defense. Finally, we documented an increase in feeding habitat quality with community residence time in both sexes during the dry season, suggesting an influence of familiarity on foraging decisions in a highly heterogeneous landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Foerster
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University , Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708 , USA
| | - Ying Zhong
- Master of Environmental Management Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 450 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lilian Pintea
- Conservation Science Department, The Jane Goodall Institute, 1595 Spring Hill Road, Suite 550, Vienna, VA 22182, USA
| | - Carson M Murray
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Michael L Wilson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, 395 Humphrey Center, 301 19th Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA, and
| | - Deus C Mjungu
- Gombe Stream Research Centre, The Jane Goodall Institute, PO Box 1182, Kigoma, Tanzania
| | - Anne E Pusey
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University , Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rozin P. Towards a Psychology of Food and Eating: From Motivation to Module to Model to Marker, Morality, Meaning, and Metaphor. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rozin
- Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania. His research interests are the interaction of biological, psychological, and cultural influences in relation to food attitudes and food choice; cultural psychology; and cultural evolution
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Validation of a questionnaire to measure the willingness to try new foods in Spanish-speaking children and adolescents. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
Gomez A, Rothman JM, Petrzelkova K, Yeoman CJ, Vlckova K, Umaña JD, Carr M, Modry D, Todd A, Torralba M, Nelson KE, Stumpf RM, Wilson BA, Blekhman R, White BA, Leigh SR. Temporal variation selects for diet-microbe co-metabolic traits in the gut of Gorilla spp. THE ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:514-26. [PMID: 26315972 PMCID: PMC4737941 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although the critical role that our gastrointestinal microbes play in host physiology is now well established, we know little about the factors that influenced the evolution of primate gut microbiomes. To further understand current gut microbiome configurations and diet-microbe co-metabolic fingerprints in primates, from an evolutionary perspective, we characterized fecal bacterial communities and metabolomic profiles in 228 fecal samples of lowland and mountain gorillas (G. g. gorilla and G. b. beringei, respectively), our closest evolutionary relatives after chimpanzees. Our results demonstrate that the gut microbiomes and metabolomes of these two species exhibit significantly different patterns. This is supported by increased abundance of metabolites and bacterial taxa associated with fiber metabolism in mountain gorillas, and enrichment of markers associated with simple sugar, lipid and sterol turnover in the lowland species. However, longitudinal sampling shows that both species' microbiomes and metabolomes converge when hosts face similar dietary constraints, associated with low fruit availability in their habitats. By showing differences and convergence of diet-microbe co-metabolic fingerprints in two geographically isolated primate species, under specific dietary stimuli, we suggest that dietary constraints triggered during their adaptive radiation were potential factors behind the species-specific microbiome patterns observed in primates today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Gomez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jessica M Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, NY, USA
| | - Klara Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Carl J Yeoman
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Klara Vlckova
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juan D Umaña
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Monica Carr
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - David Modry
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC, Central European Institute for Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Angelique Todd
- World Wildlife Fund, Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Bayanga, Central African Republic
| | | | | | - Rebecca M Stumpf
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Brenda A Wilson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Bryan A White
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Steven R Leigh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Food rejections in children: Cognitive and social/environmental factors involved in food neophobia and picky/fussy eating behavior. Appetite 2016; 96:347-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
40
|
Mantled howler monkey spatial foraging decisions reflect spatial and temporal knowledge of resource distributions. Anim Cogn 2015; 19:387-403. [PMID: 26597923 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An animal's ability to find and relocate food items is directly related to its survival and reproductive success. This study evaluates how mantled howler monkeys make spatial foraging decisions in the wild. Specifically, discrete choice models and agent-based simulations are used to test whether mantled howler monkeys on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, integrate spatial information in order to maximize new leaf flush and fruit gain while minimizing distance traveled. Several heuristic models of decision making are also tested as possible alternative strategies (movement to core home range areas instead of individual trees, travel along a sensory gradient, movement along arboreal pathway networks without a predetermined destination, straight-line travel in a randomly chosen direction, and random walks). Results indicate that although leaves are the single most abundant item in the mantled howler monkey diet, long-distance travel bouts target the areas with the highest concentrations of mature fruits. Observed travel patterns yielded larger estimated quantities of fruit in shorter distances traveled than all alternative foraging strategies. Thus, this study both provides novel information regarding how primates select travel paths and suggests that a highly folivorous primate integrates knowledge of spatiotemporal resource distributions in highly efficient foraging strategies.
Collapse
|
41
|
Masi S, Mundry R, Ortmann S, Cipolletta C, Boitani L, Robbins MM. The Influence of Seasonal Frugivory on Nutrient and Energy Intake in Wild Western Gorillas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129254. [PMID: 26154509 PMCID: PMC4495928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The daily energy requirements of animals are determined by a combination of physical and physiological factors, but food availability may challenge the capacity to meet nutritional needs. Western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are an interesting model for investigating this topic because they are folivore-frugivores that adjust their diet and activities to seasonal variation in fruit availability. Observations of one habituated group of western gorillas in Bai-Hokou, Central African Republic (December 2004-December 2005) were used to examine seasonal variation in diet quality and nutritional intake. We tested if during the high fruit season the food consumed by western gorillas was higher in quality (higher in energy, sugar, fat but lower in fibre and antifeedants) than during the low fruit season. Food consumed during the high fruit season was higher in digestible energy, but not any other macronutrients. Second, we investigated whether the gorillas increased their daily intake of carbohydrates, metabolizable energy (KCal/g OM), or other nutrients during the high fruit season. Intake of dry matter, fibers, fat, protein and the majority of minerals and phenols decreased with increased frugivory and there was some indication of seasonal variation in intake of energy (KCal/g OM), tannins, protein/fiber ratio, and iron. Intake of non-structural carbohydrates and sugars was not influenced by fruit availability. Gorillas are probably able to extract large quantities of energy via fermentation since they rely on proteinaceous leaves during the low fruit season. Macronutrients and micronutrients, but not digestible energy, may be limited for them during times of low fruit availability because they are hind-gut fermenters. We discuss the advantages of seasonal frugivores having large dietary breath and flexibility, significant characteristics to consider in the conservation strategies of endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Masi
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Mundry
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Ortmann
- RG Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Luigi Boitani
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Martha M. Robbins
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gomez A, Petrzelkova K, Yeoman CJ, Vlckova K, Mrázek J, Koppova I, Carbonero F, Ulanov A, Modry D, Todd A, Torralba M, Nelson KE, Gaskins HR, Wilson B, Stumpf RM, White BA, Leigh SR. Gut microbiome composition and metabolomic profiles of wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) reflect host ecology. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2551-65. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Gomez
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Klara Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology; Biology Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Liberec Zoo; Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Carl J. Yeoman
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences; Montana State University; Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Klara Vlckova
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Koppova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72704 USA
| | - Alexander Ulanov
- Metabolomics Center; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - David Modry
- Institute of Parasitology; Biology Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; České Budějovice Czech Republic
- CEITEC; Central European Institute for Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Angelique Todd
- World Wildlife Fund; Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas; Bayanga Central African Republic
| | | | | | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Brenda Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Microbiology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Rebecca M. Stumpf
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Bryan A. White
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Steven R. Leigh
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Anthropology; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gustafsson E, Saint Jalme M, Bomsel MC, Krief S. Food Neophobia and Social Learning Opportunities in Great Apes. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
The global diversity of eating patterns: Human nutritional health in comparative perspective. Physiol Behav 2014; 134:5-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Blanco V, Waltert M. Does the tropical agricultural matrix bear potential for primate conservation? A baseline study from Western Uganda. J Nat Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
De Lillo C, Kirby M, James FC. Spatial working memory in immersive virtual reality foraging: Path organization, traveling distance and search efficiency in humans (Homo sapiens). Am J Primatol 2013; 76:436-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Lillo
- School of Psychology; University of Leicester; Leicester United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Kirby
- School of Psychology; University of Leicester; Leicester United Kingdom
| | - Frances C. James
- School of Psychology; University of Leicester; Leicester United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Allen KL, Kay RF. Dietary quality and encephalization in platyrrhine primates. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:715-21. [PMID: 21831898 PMCID: PMC3248737 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The high energetic costs of building and maintaining large brains are thought to constrain encephalization. The 'expensive-tissue hypothesis' (ETH) proposes that primates (especially humans) overcame this constraint through reduction of another metabolically expensive tissue, the gastrointestinal tract. Small guts characterize animals specializing on easily digestible diets. Thus, the hypothesis may be tested via the relationship between brain size and diet quality. Platyrrhine primates present an interesting test case, as they are more variably encephalized than other extant primate clades (excluding Hominoidea). We find a high degree of phylogenetic signal in the data for diet quality, endocranial volume and body size. Controlling for phylogenetic effects, we find no significant correlation between relative diet quality and relative endocranial volume. Thus, diet quality fails to account for differences in platyrrhine encephalization. One taxon, in particular, Brachyteles, violates predictions made by ETH in having a large brain and low-quality diet. Dietary reconstructions of stem platyrrhines further indicate that a relatively high-quality diet was probably in place prior to increases in encephalization. Therefore, it is unlikely that a shift in diet quality was a primary constraint release for encephalization in platyrrhines and, by extrapolation, humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari L Allen
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Muchlinski MN, Snodgrass JJ, Terranova CJ. Muscle mass scaling in primates: an energetic and ecological perspective. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:395-407. [PMID: 22318851 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Body composition is known to vary dramatically among mammals, even in closely related species, yet this issue has never been systematically investigated. Here, we examine differences in muscle mass scaling among mammals, and explore how primate body composition compares to that of nonprimate mammals. We use a literature-based sample of eutherian and metatherian mammals, and combine this with new dissection-based data on muscularity in a variety of strepsirrhine primates and the haplorhine, Tarsius syrichta. Our results indicate an isometric scaling relationship between total muscle mass and total body mass across mammals. However, we documented substantial variation in muscularity in mammals (21-61% of total body mass), which can be seen both within and between taxonomic groups. We also found that primates are under-muscled when compared to other mammals. This difference in body composition may in part reflect the functional consequences of arboreality, as arboreal species have significantly lower levels of muscularity than terrestrial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena N Muchlinski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lambert JE, Fellner V. In Vitro Fermentation of Dietary Carbohydrates Consumed by African Apes and Monkeys: Preliminary Results for Interpreting Microbial and Digestive Strategy. INT J PRIMATOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-011-9559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|