1
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Naz N, Moshkdanian G, Miyan S, Eljabri S, James C, Miyan J. A Paternal Methylation Error in the Congenital Hydrocephalic Texas (H-Tx) Rat Is Partially Rescued with Natural Folate Supplements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1638. [PMID: 36675153 PMCID: PMC9860872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate deficiencies, folate imbalance and associated abnormal methylation are associated with birth defects, developmental delays, neurological conditions and diseases. In the hydrocephalic Texas (H-Tx) rat, 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH) is reduced or absent from the CSF and the nuclei of cells in the brain and liver and this is correlated with decreased DNA methylation. In the present study, we tested whether impaired folate metabolism or methylation exists in sexually mature, unaffected H-Tx rats, which may explain the propagation of hydrocephalus in their offspring. We compared normal Sprague Dawley (SD, n = 6) rats with untreated H-Tx (uH-Tx, n = 6 and folate-treated H-Tx (TrH-Tx, n = 4). Structural abnormalities were observed in the testis of uH-Tx rats, with decreased methylation, increased demethylation, and cell death, particularly of sperm. FDH and FRα protein expression was increased in uH-Tx males but not in folate-treated males but tissue folate levels were unchanged. 5-Methylcytosine was significantly reduced in untreated and partially restored in treated individuals, while 5-hydroxymethylcytosine was not significantly changed. Similarly, a decrease in DNA-methyltransferase-1 expression in uH-Tx rats was partially reversed with treatment. The data expose a significant germline methylation error in unaffected adult male H-Tx rats from which hydrocephalic offspring are obtained. Reduced methylation in the testis and sperm was partially recovered by treatment with folate supplements leading us to conclude that this neurological disorder may not be completely eradicated by maternal supplementation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaleel Miyan
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3.540 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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2
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Szigeti KA, Kalmár A, Galamb O, Valcz G, Barták BK, Nagy ZB, Zsigrai S, Felletár I, V. Patai Á, Micsik T, Papp M, Márkus E, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Takács I, Molnár B. Global DNA hypomethylation of colorectal tumours detected in tissue and liquid biopsies may be related to decreased methyl-donor content. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:605. [PMID: 35655145 PMCID: PMC9164347 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) is characteristic of various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Malfunction of several factors or alteration of methyl-donor molecules’ (folic acid and S-adenosylmethionine) availability can contribute to DNA methylation changes. Detection of epigenetic alterations in liquid biopsies can assist in the early recognition of CRC. Following the investigations of a Hungarian colon tissue sample set, our goal was to examine the LINE-1 methylation of blood samples along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, we aimed to explore the possible underlying mechanisms of global DNA hypomethylation formation on a multi-level aspect.
Methods
LINE-1 methylation of colon tissue (n = 183) and plasma (n = 48) samples of healthy controls and patients with colorectal tumours were examined with bisulfite pyrosequencing. To investigate mRNA expression, microarray analysis results were reanalysed in silico (n = 60). Immunohistochemistry staining was used to validate DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and folate receptor beta (FOLR2) expression along with the determination of methyl-donor molecules’ in situ level (n = 40).
Results
Significantly decreased LINE-1 methylation level was observed in line with cancer progression both in tissue (adenoma: 72.7 ± 4.8%, and CRC: 69.7 ± 7.6% vs. normal: 77.5 ± 1.7%, p ≤ 0.01) and liquid biopsies (adenoma: 80.0 ± 1.7%, and CRC: 79.8 ± 1.3% vs. normal: 82.0 ± 2.0%, p ≤ 0.01). However, no significant changes were recognized in inflammatory bowel disease cases. According to in silico analysis of microarray data, altered mRNA levels of several DNA methylation-related enzymes were detected in tumours vs. healthy biopsies, namely one-carbon metabolism-related genes—which met our analysing criteria—showed upregulation, while FOLR2 was downregulated. Using immunohistochemistry, DNMTs, and FOLR2 expression were confirmed. Moreover, significantly diminished folic acid and S-adenosylmethionine levels were observed in parallel with decreasing 5-methylcytosine staining in tumours compared to normal adjacent to tumour tissues (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
Our results suggest that LINE-1 hypomethylation may have a distinguishing value in precancerous stages compared to healthy samples in liquid biopsies. Furthermore, the reduction of global DNA methylation level could be linked to reduced methyl-donor availability with the contribution of decreased FOLR2 expression.
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3
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Yan S, Lu J, Jiao K. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Neural Crest Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678954. [PMID: 33968946 PMCID: PMC8097001 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) is a transient, migratory cell population that contribute to the formation of major arteries and the septa and valves of the heart. Abnormal development of cNCCs leads to a spectrum of congenital heart defects that mainly affect the outflow region of the hearts. Signaling molecules and transcription factors are the best studied regulatory events controlling cNCC development. In recent years, however, accumulated evidence supports that epigenetic regulation also plays an important role in cNCC development. Here, we summarize the functions of epigenetic regulators during cNCC development as well as cNCC related cardiovascular defects. These factors include ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, histone modifiers and DNA methylation modulators. In many cases, mutations in the genes encoding these factors are known to cause inborn heart diseases. A better understanding of epigenetic regulators, their activities and their roles during heart development will ultimately contribute to the development of new clinical applications for patients with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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4
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Gogna P, King WD. The relationship between colorectal cancer risk factors and LINE-1 DNA methylation in healthy colon tissue. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1087-1093. [PMID: 32790479 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: LINE-1 DNA methylation is a modifiable epigenetic process linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, studies of methylation in the tissue of interest are limited. This research examines associations between CRC risk factors and LINE-1 DNA methylation in healthy colon tissue. Materials & methods: LINE-1 methylation was measured in colon tissue samples from 317 patients undergoing a screening colonoscopy. Associations were examined with established CRC risk factors including alcohol consumption, smoking, BMI, NSAIDs, physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Results: All studied risk factors were not related to LINE-1 DNA methylation in this population. Conclusion: The observed results may reflect that the effect of this set of established risk factors is not mediated through LINE-1 DNA methylation in the healthy colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gogna
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7K 3N6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Will D King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7K 3N6, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Amenyah SD, Hughes CF, Ward M, Rosborough S, Deane J, Thursby SJ, Walsh CP, Kok DE, Strain JJ, McNulty H, Lees-Murdock DJ. Influence of nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism on DNA methylation in adults—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:647-666. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Aberrant DNA methylation is linked to various diseases. The supply of methyl groups for methylation reactions is mediated by S-adenosylmethionine, which depends on the availability of folate and related B vitamins.
Objectives
To investigate the influence of key nutrients involved in 1-carbon metabolism on DNA methylation in adults.
Data sources
Systematic literature searches were conducted in the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published in English were included.
Data extraction
The first author, study design, sample size, population characteristics, type and duration of intervention, tissue type or cells analyzed, molecular techniques, and DNA methylation outcomes.
Data synthesis
A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-carbon metabolism nutrients on global DNA methylation. Functional analysis and visualization were performed using BioVenn software.
Results
From a total of 2620 papers screened by title, 53 studies met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative analysis indicated significant associations between 1-carbon metabolism nutrients and DNA methylation. In meta-analysis of RCTs stratified by method of laboratory analysis, supplementation with folic acid alone or in combination with vitamin B12 significantly increased global DNA methylation in studies using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, which had markedly lower heterogeneity (n = 3; Z = 3.31; P = 0.0009; I2 = 0%) in comparison to other methods. Functional analysis highlighted a subset of 12 differentially methylated regions that were significantly related to folate and vitamin B12 biomarkers.
Conclusion
This study supports significant associations between 1-carbon metabolism nutrients and DNA methylation. However, standardization of DNA methylation techniques is recommended to reduce heterogeneity and facilitate comparison across studies.
Systematic Review registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018091898.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D Amenyah
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catherine F Hughes
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mary Ward
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Samuel Rosborough
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jennifer Deane
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sara-Jayne Thursby
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Colum P Walsh
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helene McNulty
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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6
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Methyl Donor Micronutrients that Modify DNA Methylation and Cancer Outcome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030608. [PMID: 30871166 PMCID: PMC6471069 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that is essential for regulating gene transcription. However, aberrant DNA methylation, which is a nearly universal finding in cancer, can result in disturbed gene expression. DNA methylation is modified by environmental factors such as diet that may modify cancer risk and tumor behavior. Abnormal DNA methylation has been observed in several cancers such as colon, stomach, cervical, prostate, and breast cancers. These alterations in DNA methylation may play a critical role in cancer development and progression. Dietary nutrient intake and bioactive food components are essential environmental factors that may influence DNA methylation either by directly inhibiting enzymes that catalyze DNA methylation or by changing the availability of substrates required for those enzymatic reactions such as the availability and utilization of methyl groups. In this review, we focused on nutrients that act as methyl donors or methylation co-factors and presented intriguing evidence for the role of these bioactive food components in altering DNA methylation patterns in cancer. Such a role is likely to have a mechanistic impact on the process of carcinogenesis and offer possible therapeutic potentials.
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7
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Asante I, Pei H, Zhou E, Liu S, Chui D, Yoo E, Conti DV, Louie SG. Exploratory metabolomic study to identify blood-based biomarkers as a potential screen for colorectal cancer. Mol Omics 2019; 15:21-29. [PMID: 30515501 PMCID: PMC6413524 DOI: 10.1039/c8mo00158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be difficult to diagnose due to the lack of reliable and predictive biomarkers. OBJECTIVE to identify blood-based biomarkers that can be used to distinguish CRC cases from controls. METHODS a workflow for untargeted followed by targeted metabolic profiling was conducted on the plasma samples of 26 CRC cases and ten healthy volunteers (controls) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The data acquired in the untargeted scan was processed and analyzed using MarkerView™ software. The significantly different ions that distinguish CRC cases from the controls were identified using a mass-based human metabolome search. The result was further used to inform the targeted scan workflow. RESULTS the untargeted scan yielded putative biomarkers some of which were related to the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism (FOCM). Analysis of the targeted scan found the plasma levels of nine FOCM metabolites to be significantly different between cases and controls. The classification models of the cases and controls, in both the targeted and untargeted approaches, each yielded a 97.2% success rate after cross-validation. CONCLUSION we have identified plasma metabolites with screening potential to discriminate between CRC cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Asante
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, CA, USA.
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8
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Alata Jimenez N, Torres Pérez SA, Sánchez-Vásquez E, Fernandino JI, Strobl-Mazzulla PH. Folate deficiency prevents neural crest fate by disturbing the epigenetic Sox2 repression on the dorsal neural tube. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S193-S201. [PMID: 30098999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Folate deficiency has been known to contribute to neural tube and neural crest defects, but why these tissues are particularly affected, and which are the molecular mechanisms involved in those abnormalities are important human health questions that remain unanswered. Here we study the function of two of the main folate transporters, FolR1 and Rfc1, which are robustly expressed in these tissues. Folate is the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, which is the main donor for DNA, protein and RNA methylation. Our results show that knockdown of FolR1 and/or Rfc1 reduced the abundance of histone H3 lysine and DNA methylation, two epigenetic modifications that play an important role during neural and neural crest development. Additionally, by knocking down folate transporter or pharmacologically inhibiting folate transport and metabolism, we observed ectopic Sox2 expression at the expense of neural crest markers in the dorsal neural tube. This is correlated with neural crest associated defects, with particular impact on orofacial formation. By using bisulfite sequencing, we show that this phenotype is consequence of reduced DNA methylation on the Sox2 locus at the dorsal neural tube, which can be rescued by the addition of folinic acid. Taken together, our in vivo results reveal the importance of folate as a source of the methyl groups necessary for the establishment of the correct epigenetic marks during neural and neural crest fate-restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagif Alata Jimenez
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Int Marino 8200, Chascomús 7130, Argentina
| | - Sergio A Torres Pérez
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Int Marino 8200, Chascomús 7130, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Sánchez-Vásquez
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Int Marino 8200, Chascomús 7130, Argentina
| | - Juan I Fernandino
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Int Marino 8200, Chascomús 7130, Argentina
| | - Pablo H Strobl-Mazzulla
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Int Marino 8200, Chascomús 7130, Argentina.
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9
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Asante I, Pei H, Zhou E, Liu S, Chui D, Yoo E, Louie SG. Simultaneous quantitation of folates, flavins and B 6 metabolites in human plasma by LC-MS/MS assay: Applications in colorectal cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:66-73. [PMID: 29860180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method using electrospray ionization and high- performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was developed to quantify the vitamin B metabolites found in the folate one-carbon metabolism, using 50 μL of human plasma. Analytes in plasma were extracted using protein precipitation after being stabilized in 1% ascorbic acid. The analytes were separated using a Kinetex 2.6 μm Pentafluorophenyl (2.1 × 30 mm) column utilizing a gradient mobile phase system of 0.1% formic acid in water and 100% acetonitrile in a 13.2 min run. The MS detector run using a positive multiple reaction monitoring with parameters optimized for each analyte's ion pair. The assay was selective and linear for all analytes at defined dynamic ranges. The recoveries were generally above 80% except for the folate metabolites whose recoveries dipped possibly due to the drying process. The inter-day precision (%coefficient of variation) and accuracy (%calculated concentration of the nominal concentrations) for six replicates of all quality control samples were ≤14% and within 12.2%, respectively. The lower limit of quantification ranged from 0.2 to 3.9 nM. No significant instability was observed after repeated freezing and thawing or in processed samples. The LC-MS/MS assay was found applicable for sensitive, accurate and precise quantitation of vitamin B metabolites in plasma of healthy volunteers and colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Asante
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Hua Pei
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eugene Zhou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Siyu Liu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Darryl Chui
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Stan G Louie
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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10
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Abstract
The ageing trajectory is plastic and can be slowed down by lifestyle factors, including good nutrition, adequate physical activity and avoidance of smoking. In humans, plant-based diets such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern are associated with healthier ageing and lower risk of age-related disease, whereas obesity accelerates ageing and increases the likelihood of most common complex diseases including CVD, T2D, dementia, musculoskeletal diseases and several cancers. As yet, there is only weak evidence in humans about the molecular mechanisms through which dietary factors modulate ageing but evidence from cell systems and animal models suggest that it is probable that better dietary choices influence all 9 hallmarks of ageing. It seems likely that better eating patterns retard ageing in at least two ways including (i) by reducing pervasive damaging processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress/redox changes and metabolic stress and (ii) by enhancing cellular capacities for damage management and repair. From a societal perspective, there is an urgent imperative to discover, and to implement, cost-effective lifestyle (especially dietary) interventions which enable each of us to age well, i.e. to remain physically and socially active and independent and to minimise the period towards the end of life when individuals suffer from frailty and multi-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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11
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Mandaviya PR, Joehanes R, Aïssi D, Kühnel B, Marioni RE, Truong V, Stolk L, Beekman M, Bonder MJ, Franke L, Gieger C, Huan T, Ikram MA, Kunze S, Liang L, Lindemans J, Liu C, McRae AF, Mendelson MM, Müller-Nurasyid M, Peters A, Slagboom PE, Starr JM, Trégouët DA, Uitterlinden AG, van Greevenbroek MMJ, van Heemst D, van Iterson M, Wells PS, Yao C, Deary IJ, Gagnon F, Heijmans BT, Levy D, Morange PE, Waldenberger M, Heil SG, van Meurs JBJ. Genetically defined elevated homocysteine levels do not result in widespread changes of DNA methylation in leukocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182472. [PMID: 29084233 PMCID: PMC5662081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is affected by the activities of the key enzymes and intermediate metabolites of the one-carbon pathway, one of which involves homocysteine. We investigated the effect of the well-known genetic variant associated with mildly elevated homocysteine: MTHFR 677C>T independently and in combination with other homocysteine-associated variants, on genome-wide leukocyte DNA-methylation. METHODS Methylation levels were assessed using Illumina 450k arrays on 9,894 individuals of European ancestry from 12 cohort studies. Linear-mixed-models were used to study the association of additive MTHFR 677C>T and genetic-risk score (GRS) based on 18 homocysteine-associated SNPs, with genome-wide methylation. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed that the MTHFR 677C>T variant was associated with 35 CpG sites in cis, and the GRS showed association with 113 CpG sites near the homocysteine-associated variants. Genome-wide analysis revealed that the MTHFR 677C>T variant was associated with 1 trans-CpG (nearest gene ZNF184), while the GRS model showed association with 5 significant trans-CpGs annotated to nearest genes PTF1A, MRPL55, CTDSP2, CRYM and FKBP5. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not show widespread changes in DNA-methylation across the genome, and therefore do not support the hypothesis that mildly elevated homocysteine is associated with widespread methylation changes in leukocytes.
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Grants
- G0700704 Medical Research Council
- N01HC25195 NHLBI NIH HHS
- Wellcome Trust
- MR/K026992/1 Medical Research Council
- K99 HL136875 NHLBI NIH HHS
- BB/F019394/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- National Institutes of Health
- Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam
- Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
- Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)
- Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
- Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII)
- Municipality of Rotterdam
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative (the Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres, the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences) for the GENIUS project “Generating the best evidence-based pharmaceutical targets for atherosclerosis”
- BBMRI-NL, a research infrastructure financed by the Dutch government
- Région Ile de France (CORDDIM)
- Région Ile de France, Pierre and Marie Curie University
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R. Mandaviya
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dylan Aïssi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vinh Truong
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
- The Population Studies Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Kunze
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Liming Liang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jan Lindemans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
- The Population Studies Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Allan F. McRae
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael M. Mendelson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
- The Population Studies Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France
- ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M. J. van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Iterson
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip S. Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
- The Population Studies Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - France Gagnon
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bastiaan T. Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
- The Population Studies Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- Laboratory of Haematology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1062, Inra UMR_1260, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra G. Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B. J. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang L, Shangguan S, Chang S, Yu X, Wang Z, Lu X, Wu L, Zhang T. Determining the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and genomic DNA methylation level: A meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:667-74. [PMID: 27173682 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism is a risk factor for neural tube defects. C677T and A1298C MTHFR polymorphisms produce an enzyme with reduced folate-related one carbon metabolism, and this has been associated with aberrant methylation modifications in DNA and protein. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between MTHFR C677T/A1298C genotypes and global genomic methylation. RESULTS Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 were performed on C677T MTHFR genotypes and 6 were performed on A1298C MTHFR genotypes. Our results did not indicate any correlation between global methylation and MTHFR A1298C, C677T polymorphisms. CONCLUSION The results of our study provide evidence to assess the global methylation modification alterations of MTHFR polymorphisms among individuals. However, our data did not found any conceivable proof supporting the hypothesis that common variant of MTHFR A1298C, C677T contributes to methylation modification. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:667-674, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofang Shangguan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyan Chang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Ho V, Ashbury JE, Taylor S, Vanner S, King WD. Genetic and epigenetic variation in the DNMT3B and MTHFR genes and colorectal adenoma risk. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:261-8. [PMID: 27062459 DOI: 10.1002/em.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in DNMT3B and MTHFR have been implicated in cancer etiology; however, it is increasingly clear that gene-specific DNA methylation also affects gene expression. A cross-sectional study (N = 272) investigated the main and joint effects of polymorphisms and DNA methylation in DNMT3B and MTHFR on colorectal adenoma risk. Polymorphisms examined included DNMT3B c.-6-1045G > T, and MTHFR c.665C > T and c.1286A > C. DNA methylation of 66 and 28 CpG sites in DNMT3B and MTHFR, respectively, was quantified in blood leukocytes using Sequenom EpiTYPER®. DNA methylation was conceptualized using two approaches: (1) average methylation and (2) unsupervised principal component analysis to identify variables that represented methylation around the transcription start site and the gene coding area of both genes. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with the main and joint effects of polymorphisms and DNA methylation. DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) TT versus GG/GT genotypes was associated with increased colorectal adenoma risk (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.03-4.34). In addition, increasing DNA methylation in the gene-coding area of DNMT3B was associated with higher risk of colorectal adenomas (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01-1.79 per SD). In joint effect analyses, synergistic effects were observed among those with both the DNMT3B TT genotype and higher DNMT3B methylation levels compared to those with GT/GG genotypes and lower methylation levels (OR = 4.19; 95% CI: 1.45-12.13 for average methylation; OR = 4.26; 95%CI: 1.31-13.87 for methylation in the transcription start site). This research provides novel evidence that genetic and epigenetic variations contribute to colorectal adenoma risk, precursor to the majority of colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki Ho
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Tour Saint-Antoine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Janet E Ashbury
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Second Floor Carruthers Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sherryl Taylor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit (GIDRU), Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Will D King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Second Floor Carruthers Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Ferrari A, de Carvalho AM, Steluti J, Teixeira J, Marchioni DML, Aguiar S. Folate and nutrients involved in the 1-carbon cycle in the pretreatment of patients for colorectal cancer. Nutrients 2015; 7:4318-35. [PMID: 26043032 PMCID: PMC4488786 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the ingestion of folate and nutrients involved in the 1-carbon cycle in non-treated patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma in a reference center for oncology in southeastern Brazil. In total, 195 new cases with colorectal adenocarcinoma completed a clinical evaluation questionnaire and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Blood samples from 161 patients were drawn for the assessment of serum folate. A moderate correlation was found between serum concentrations of folate, folate intake and the dietary folate equivalent (DFE) of synthetic supplements. Mulatto or black male patients with a primary educational level had a higher intake of dietary folate. Of patients obtaining folate from the diet alone or from dietary supplements, 11.00% and 0.10%, respectively, had intake below the recommended level. Of the patients using dietary supplements, 35% to 50% showed high levels of folic acid intake. There was a prevalence of inadequacy for vitamins B2, B6 and B12, ranging from 12.10% to 20.18%, while 13.76% to 22.55% of patients were likely to have adequate choline intake. The considerable percentage of patients with folate intake above the recommended levels deserves attention because of the harmful effects that this nutrient may have in the presence of established neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Ferrari
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, Liberdade, São Paulo (SP) CEP 01509-010, Brazil.
| | - Aline Martins de Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Consolação, São Paulo (SP) CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Steluti
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Consolação, São Paulo (SP) CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Teixeira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Consolação, São Paulo (SP) CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Consolação, São Paulo (SP) CEP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Aguiar
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, Liberdade, São Paulo (SP) CEP 01509-010, Brazil.
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Genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and maternal risk for down syndrome: a meta-analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:517504. [PMID: 25544792 PMCID: PMC4269293 DOI: 10.1155/2014/517504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inconclusive results of the association between genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and maternal risk for Down syndrome (DS) have been reported. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted. We searched electronic databases through May, 2014, for eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of the association, which was estimated by fixed or random effects models. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Q-test and I (2) statistic. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's and Egger's tests. A total of 17 case-controls studies were included. There was evidence for an association between the MTRR c.66A>G (rs1801394) polymorphism and maternal risk for DS. In the subgroup analysis, increased maternal risk for DS was found in Caucasians. Additionally, the polymorphic heterozygote MTHFD1 1958GA genotype was associated significantly with maternal risk for DS, when we limit the analysis by studies conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Finally, considering MTR c.2756A>G (rs1805087), TC2 c.776C>G (rs1801198), and CBS c.844ins68, no significant associations have been found, neither in the overall analyses nor in the stratified analyses by ethnicity. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that the MTRR c.66A>G (rs1801394) polymorphism and MTHFD1 c.1958G>A (rs2236225) were associated with increased maternal risk for DS.
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Mandaviya PR, Stolk L, Heil SG. Homocysteine and DNA methylation: a review of animal and human literature. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:243-52. [PMID: 25456744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-protein forming amino acid, which is synthesized from methionine as an important intermediate in the one-carbon pathway. High concentrations of Hcy in a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are an independent risk factor for several disorders including cardiovascular diseases and osteoporotic fractures. Since Hcy is produced as a byproduct of the methyltransferase reaction, alteration in DNA methylation is studied as one of the underlying mechanisms of HHcy-associated disorders. In animal models, elevated Hcy concentrations are induced either by diet (high methionine, low B-vitamins, or both), gene knockouts (Mthfr, Cbs, Mtrr or Mtr) or combination of both to investigate their effects on DNA methylation or its markers. In humans, most of the literature involves case-control studies concerning patients. The focus of this review is to study existing literature on HHcy and its role in relation to DNA methylation. Apart from this, a few studies investigated the effect of Hcy-lowering trials on restoring DNA methylation patterns, by giving a folic acid or B-vitamin supplemented diet. These studies which were conducted in animal models as well as humans were included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja R Mandaviya
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chung CJ, Chang CH, Liu CS, Huang CP, Chang YH, Chien SN, Tsai PH, Hsieh HA. Association of DNA methyltransferases 3A and 3B polymorphisms, and plasma folate levels with the risk of urothelial carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104968. [PMID: 25126948 PMCID: PMC4134234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual genetic variations of human DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which involve the methyl donor from the folate-related one-carbon metabolism pathway, are hypothesized as a risk factor for urothelial carcinoma (UC). Therefore, we evaluated the role of gene-environment interaction in UC carcinogenesis. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted by recruiting 192 patients with UC and 381 controls. Their plasma folate levels were measured using a competitive immunoassay kit. In addition, DNMT3A -448A>G and DNMT3B -579G>T genotyping was evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Multivariate logistic regression and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to estimate the UC risk. RESULTS We observed that patients with UC exhibited a higher prevalence rate of folate insufficiency (folate levels ≤6 ng/mL) compared with the controls (35.94% and 18.37%, respectively). Furthermore, folate levels were higher in the prevalent UC patients than in the incident UC patients. However, folate insufficiency was similarly associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the risk of UC regardless of the UC patient group. In addition, the frequencies of the variant alleles for DNMT3A and DNMT3B were 0.80 and 0.92, respectively, and no association was observed with UC risk. However, participants with a variant homozygous genotype of DNMT3B -579G>T and folate insufficiency or with high cumulative cigarette smoking exhibited an increased risk of UC. CONCLUSION Overall, environmental factors may contribute more significantly to UC carcinogenesis compared with genetic susceptibility. Future studies should investigate other polymorphisms of DNMT3A and DNMT3B to determine genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Chung
- Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Huei Chang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ning Chien
- Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Huan Tsai
- Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-An Hsieh
- Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Bacalini MG, Friso S, Olivieri F, Pirazzini C, Giuliani C, Capri M, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Garagnani P. Present and future of anti-ageing epigenetic diets. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:101-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ho SM, Johnson A, Tarapore P, Janakiram V, Zhang X, Leung YK. Environmental epigenetics and its implication on disease risk and health outcomes. ILAR J 2014; 53:289-305. [PMID: 23744968 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.53.3-4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on how environmental factors through epigenetics modify disease risk and health outcomes. Major epigenetic events, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression, are described. The function of dose, duration, composition, and window of exposure in remodeling the individual's epigenetic terrain and disease susceptibility are addressed. The ideas of lifelong editing of early-life epigenetic memories, transgenerational effects through germline transmission, and the potential role of hydroxylmethylation of cytosine in developmental reprogramming are discussed. Finally, the epigenetic effects of several major classes of environmental factors are reviewed in the context of pathogenesis of disease. These include endocrine disruptors, tobacco smoke, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, infectious pathogens, particulate matter, diesel exhaust particles, dust mites, fungi, heavy metals, and other indoor and outdoor pollutants. We conclude that the summation of epigenetic modifications induced by multiple environmental exposures, accumulated over time, represented as broad or narrow, acute or chronic, developmental or lifelong, may provide a more precise assessment of risk and consequences. Future investigations may focus on their use as readouts or biomarkers of the totality of past exposure for the prediction of future disease risk and the prescription of effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Mei Ho
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Hanks J, Ayed I, Kukreja N, Rogers C, Harris J, Gheorghiu A, Liu CL, Emery P, Pufulete M. The association between MTHFR 677C>T genotype and folate status and genomic and gene-specific DNA methylation in the colon of individuals without colorectal neoplasia. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1564-74. [PMID: 24108782 PMCID: PMC3831541 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.061432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased genomic and increased gene-specific DNA methylation predispose to colorectal cancer. Dietary folate intake and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism (MTHFR 677C>T) may influence risk by modifying DNA methylation. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between MTHFR 677C>T genotype, folate status, and DNA methylation in the colon. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study of 336 men and women (age 19-92 y) in the United Kingdom without colorectal neoplasia. We obtained blood samples for measurement of serum and red blood cell folate, plasma homocysteine, and MTHFR 677C>T genotype and colonic tissue biopsies for measurement of colonic tissue folate and DNA methylation (genomic- and gene-specific, estrogen receptor 1, ESR1; myoblast determination protein 1, MYOD1; insulin-like growth factor II, IGF2; tumor suppressor candidate 33, N33; adenomatous polyposis coli, APC; mut-L homolog 1, MLH1; and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, MGMT) by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and pyrosequencing, respectively. RESULTS Of the 336 subjects recruited, 185 (55%) carried the CC, 119 (35%) the CT, and 32 (10%) the TT alleles. No significant differences in systemic markers of folate status and colonic tissue folate between genotypes were found. The MTHFR TT genotype was not associated with genomic or gene-specific DNA methylation. Biomarkers of folate status were not associated with genomic DNA methylation. Relations between biomarkers of folate status and gene-specific methylation were inconsistent. However, low serum folate was associated with high MGMT methylation (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION MTHFR 677C>T genotype and folate status were generally not associated with DNA methylation in the colon of a folate-replete population without neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hanks
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (J Hanks, IA, NK, AG, CLL, PE, and MP), and the Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (CR, J Harris, and MP)
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de Arruda ITS, Persuhn DC, de Oliveira NFP. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism and global DNA methylation in oral epithelial cells. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:490-3. [PMID: 24385849 PMCID: PMC3873177 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) that add a methyl group to the 5′-carbon of cytosine. The enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the rate-limiting step of the cycle involving the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). The MTHFR C677T polymorphism results in a thermolabile enzyme with reduced activity that is predicted to influence the DNA methylation status. In this study, we investigated the impact of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the global DNA methylation of oral epithelial cells obtained from 54 healthy subjects. There were no significant differences in global DNA methylation among the MTHFR CC, CT and TT genotypes (p = 0.75; Kruskal-Wallis test).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Tatiana Sales de Arruda
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Naila Francis Paulo de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Nan H, Giovannucci EL, Wu K, Selhub J, Paul L, Rosner B, Fuchs CS, Cho E. Pre-diagnostic leukocyte genomic DNA methylation and the risk of colorectal cancer in women. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59455. [PMID: 23560049 PMCID: PMC3613344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal one-carbon metabolism may lead to general genomic (global) hypomethylation, which may predispose an individual to the development of colorectal neoplasia. METHODS We evaluated the association between pre-diagnostic leukocyte genomic DNA methylation level and the risk of colorectal cancer in a nested case-control study of 358 colorectal cancer cases and 661 matched controls within the all-female cohort of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). Among control subjects, we further examined major plasma components in the one-carbon metabolism pathway in relation to genomic DNA methylation level. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to examine leukocyte genomic DNA methylation level. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using logistic regression. RESULTS Overall genomic DNA methylation level was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (p for trend, 0.45). Compared with women in the lowest quintile of methylation, the multivariate OR of colorectal cancer risk was 1.32 (95% CI, 0.82-2.13) for those in the highest quintile. We did not find significant associations between major plasma components of one-carbon metabolism or risk factors for colorectal cancer and genomic DNA methylation level (all p for trend >0.05). Also, neither one-carbon metabolism-related plasma components nor well-known risk factors for colorectal cancer modified the association between genomic DNA methylation level and the risk of colorectal cancer (all p for interaction >0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that hypomethylation of leukocyte genomic DNA increases risk of colorectal cancer among women. Additional studies are needed to investigate the association between pre-diagnostic genomic DNA methylation level and colorectal cancer risk among diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Nan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ligi Paul
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tapp HS, Commane DM, Bradburn DM, Arasaradnam R, Mathers JC, Johnson IT, Belshaw NJ. Nutritional factors and gender influence age-related DNA methylation in the human rectal mucosa. Aging Cell 2013; 12:148-55. [PMID: 23157586 PMCID: PMC3572581 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation of CpG islands (CGI) occurs in many genes expressed in colonic epithelial cells, and may contribute to the dysregulation of signalling pathways associated with carcinogenesis. This cross-sectional study assessed the relative importance of age, nutritional exposures and other environmental factors in the development of CGI methylation. Rectal biopsies were obtained from 185 individuals (84 male, 101 female) shown to be free of colorectal disease, and for whom measurements of age, body size, nutritional status and blood cell counts were available. We used quantitative DNA methylation analysis combined with multivariate modelling to investigate the relationships between nutritional, anthropometric and metabolic factors and the CGI methylation of 11 genes, together with LINE-1 as an index of global DNA methylation. Age was a consistent predictor of CGI methylation for 9/11 genes but significant positive associations with folate status and negative associations with vitamin D and selenium status were also identified for several genes. There was evidence for positive associations with blood monocyte levels and anthropometric factors for some genes. In general, CGI methylation was higher in males than in females and differential effects of age and other factors on methylation in males and females were identified. In conclusion, levels of age-related CGI methylation in the healthy human rectal mucosa are influenced by gender, the availability of folate, vitamin D and selenium, and perhaps by factors related to systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri S. Tapp
- Institute of Food Research Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7UAUK
| | - Daniel M. Commane
- Human Nutrition Research Centre Institute for Ageing and Health Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University Biomedical Research Building Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PLUK
| | | | - Ramesh Arasaradnam
- Human Nutrition Research Centre Institute for Ageing and Health Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University Biomedical Research Building Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PLUK
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre Institute for Ageing and Health Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University Biomedical Research Building Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PLUK
| | - Ian T. Johnson
- Institute of Food Research Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7UAUK
| | - Nigel J. Belshaw
- Institute of Food Research Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7UAUK
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Jung AY, Botma A, Lute C, Blom HJ, Ueland PM, Kvalheim G, Midttun Ø, Nagengast F, Steegenga W, Kampman E. Plasma B vitamins and LINE-1 DNA methylation in leukocytes of patients with a history of colorectal adenomas. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:698-708. [PMID: 23132835 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Low concentrations of folate, other B vitamins, and methionine are associated with colorectal cancer risk, possibly by changing DNA methylation patterns. Here, we examine whether plasma concentrations of B vitamins and methionine are associated with methylation of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) among those at high risk of colorectal cancer, i.e. patients with at least one histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma (CRA) in their life. METHODS AND RESULTS We used LINE-1 bisulfite pyrosequencing to measure global DNA methylation levels in leukocytes of 281 CRA patients. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess associations between plasma B vitamin concentrations and LINE-1 methylation levels. Plasma folate was inversely associated with LINE-1 methylation in CRA patients, while plasma methionine was positively associated with LINE-1 methylation. CONCLUSION This study does not provide evidence that in CRA patients, plasma folate concentrations are positively related to LINE-1 methylation in leukocytes but does suggest a direct association between plasma methionine and LINE-1 methylation in leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Y Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Subramaniam MM, Loh M, Chan JY, Liem N, Lim PL, Peng YW, Lim XY, Yeoh KG, Iacopetta B, Soong R, Salto-Tellez M. The topography of DNA methylation in the non-neoplastic colonic mucosa surrounding colorectal cancers. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:98-108. [PMID: 22911899 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The degree of gene hypermethylation in non-neoplastic colonic mucosa (NNCM) is a potentially important event in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly for the subgroup with a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). In this study, we aimed to use an unbiased and high-throughput approach to evaluate the topography of DNA methylation in the non-neoplastic colonic mucosa (NNCM) surrounding colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 61 tissue samples comprising 53 NNCM and 8 tumor samples were obtained from hemicolectomy specimens of two CRC patients (Cases 1 and 2). NNCM was stripped from the underlying colonic wall and samples taken at varying distances from the tumor. The level of DNA methylation in NNCM and tumor tissues was assessed at 1,505 CpG sites in 807 cancer-related genes using Illumina GoldenGate® methylation arrays. Case 1 tumor showed significantly higher levels of methylation compared to surrounding NNCM samples (P < 0.001). The average level of methylation in NNCM decreased with increasing distance from the tumor (r = -0.418; P = 0.017), however this was not continuous and "patches" with higher levels of methylation were observed. Case 2 tumor was less methylated than Case 1 tumor (average β-value 0.181 vs. 0.415) and no significant difference in the level of methylation was observed in comparison to the surrounding NNCM. No evidence was found for a diminishing gradient of methylation in the NNCM surrounding CRC with a high level of methylation. Further work is required to determine whether CIMP+ CRC develop from within "patches" of NCCM that display high levels of methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mani Subramaniam
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Diet is a major factor in the aetiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). Epidemiological evidence suggests that folate confers a modest protection against CRC risk. However, the relationship is complex, and evidence from human intervention trials and animal studies suggests that a high-dose of folic acid supplementation may enhance the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis in certain circumstances. The molecular mechanisms underlying the apparent dual modulatory effect of folate on colorectal carcinogenesis are not fully understood. Folate is central to C1metabolism and is needed for both DNA synthesis and DNA methylation, providing plausible biological mechanisms through which folate could modulate cancer risk. Aberrant DNA methylation is an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis and is typically associated with the transcriptional silencing of tumour suppressor genes. Folate is required for the production of S-adenosyl methionine, which serves as a methyl donor for DNA methylation events; thereby folate availability is proposed to modulate DNA methylation status. The evidence for an effect of folate on DNA methylation in the human colon is limited, but a modulation of DNA methylation in response to folate has been demonstrated. More research is required to clarify the optimum intake of folate for CRC prevention and to elucidate the effect of folate availability on DNA methylation and the associated impact on CRC biology.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The progressive, dose-dependent, and potentially reversible epigenetic changes observed in cancer present new opportunities in cancer risk modification and prevention using dietary and lifestyle factors. Folate, a water-soluble B vitamin, has been of intense interest because of an inverse association between folate status and the risk of several malignancies (particularly colorectal cancer) and its potential to modulate DNA methylation. Aberrant patterns and dysregulation of DNA methylation are mechanistically related to carcinogenesis. RECENT ADVANCES The effects of folate on DNA methylation patterns have recently been investigated in two important life stages: pre- and early postnatal life and aging. Recent studies have demonstrated that folate exposure in the intrauterine environment and early life and during the aging process may have profound effects on DNA methylation with significant functional ramifications, including the risk of cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES Evidence from animal, human, and in vitro studies suggest that the epigenetic effects of folate on DNA methylation are highly complex. The effects are gene and site specific and appear to depend on cell type, target organ, stage of transformation, the degree and duration of folate manipulations, interactions with other methyl group donors and dietary factors, and genetic variants in the folate metabolic pathways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The potential for folate to modulate DNA methylation and, thus, modify the risk of cancer in humans is worthy of further investigation. Due to the complex relationship between folate exposure and DNA methylation, more elaborate epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies that determine the clinical, biological, and molecular effects of folate are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Anderson OS, Sant KE, Dolinoy DC. Nutrition and epigenetics: an interplay of dietary methyl donors, one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:853-9. [PMID: 22749138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most extensively studied mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation. Increasing evidence indicates that DNA methylation is labile in response to nutritional and environmental influences. Alterations in DNA methylation profiles can lead to changes in gene expression, resulting in diverse phenotypes with the potential for increased disease risk. The primary methyl donor for DNA methylation is S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a species generated in the cyclical cellular process called one-carbon metabolism. One-carbon metabolism is catalyzed by several enzymes in the presence of dietary micronutrients, including folate, choline, betaine and other B vitamins. For this reason, nutrition status, particularly micronutrient intake, has been a focal point when investigating epigenetic mechanisms. Although animal evidence linking nutrition and DNA methylation is fairly extensive, epidemiological evidence is less comprehensive. This review serves to integrate studies of the animal in vivo with human epidemiological data pertaining to nutritional regulation of DNA methylation and to further identify areas in which current knowledge is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Anderson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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McKay JA, Groom A, Potter C, Coneyworth LJ, Ford D, Mathers JC, Relton CL. Genetic and non-genetic influences during pregnancy on infant global and site specific DNA methylation: role for folate gene variants and vitamin B12. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33290. [PMID: 22479380 PMCID: PMC3316565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variation in patterns of DNA methylation at birth can be explained by the influence of environmental, genetic and stochastic factors. This study investigates the genetic and non-genetic determinants of variation in DNA methylation in human infants. Given its central role in provision of methyl groups for DNA methylation, this study focuses on aspects of folate metabolism. Global (LUMA) and gene specific (IGF2, ZNT5, IGFBP3) DNA methylation were quantified in 430 infants by Pyrosequencing®. Seven polymorphisms in 6 genes (MTHFR, MTRR, FOLH1, CβS, RFC1, SHMT) involved in folate absorption and metabolism were analysed in DNA from both infants and mothers. Red blood cell folate and serum vitamin B12 concentrations were measured as indices of vitamin status. Relationships between DNA methylation patterns and several covariates viz. sex, gestation length, maternal and infant red cell folate, maternal and infant serum vitamin B12, maternal age, smoking and genotype were tested. Length of gestation correlated positively with IGF2 methylation (rho = 0.11, p = 0.032) and inversely with ZNT5 methylation (rho = −0.13, p = 0.017). Methylation of the IGFBP3 locus correlated inversely with infant vitamin B12 concentration (rho = −0.16, p = 0.007), whilst global DNA methylation correlated inversely with maternal vitamin B12 concentrations (rho = 0.18, p = 0.044). Analysis of common genetic variants in folate pathway genes highlighted several associations including infant MTRR 66G>A genotype with DNA methylation (χ2 = 8.82, p = 0.003) and maternal MTHFR 677C>T genotype with IGF2 methylation (χ2 = 2.77, p = 0.006). These data support the hypothesis that both environmental and genetic factors involved in one-carbon metabolism influence DNA methylation in infants. Specifically, the findings highlight the importance of vitamin B12 status, infant MTRR genotype and maternal MTHFR genotype, all of which may influence the supply of methyl groups for DNA methylation. In addition, gestational length appears to be an important determinant of infant DNA methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A McKay
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Epigenetic changes may be causal in the ageing process and may be influenced by diet, providing opportunities to improve health in later life. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of several areas of research relevant to this topic and to explore a hypothesis relating to a possible role of epigenetic effects, mediated by sirtuin 1, in the beneficial effects of dietary restriction, including increased lifespan. Epigenetic features of ageing include changes in DNA methylation, both globally and at specific loci, which differ between individuals. A major focus of research on dietary influences on epigenetic status has been on nutrition in utero, because the epigenome is probably particularly malleable during this life-course window and because epigenetic marking by early exposures is a compelling mechanism underlying effects on lifelong health. We explore the potential of diet during adulthood, including the practice of dietary restriction, to affect the epigenetic architecture. We report progress with respect to deriving data to support our hypothesis that sirtuin 1 may mediate some of the effects of dietary restriction through effects on DNA methylation and note observations that resveratrol affects DNA methylation and other epigenetic features. Disentangling cause and effect in the context of epigenetic change and ageing is a challenge and requires better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and also the development of more refined experimental tools to manipulate the epigenetic architecture, to facilitate hypothesis-driven research to elucidate these links and thus to exploit them to improve health across the full life-course through dietary measures.
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Crider KS, Yang TP, Berry RJ, Bailey LB. Folate and DNA methylation: a review of molecular mechanisms and the evidence for folate's role. Adv Nutr 2012; 3:21-38. [PMID: 22332098 PMCID: PMC3262611 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification critical to normal genome regulation and development. The vitamin folate is a key source of the one carbon group used to methylate DNA. Because normal mammalian development is dependent on DNA methylation, there is enormous interest in assessing the potential for changes in folate intake to modulate DNA methylation both as a biomarker for folate status and as a mechanistic link to developmental disorders and chronic diseases including cancer. This review highlights the role of DNA methylation in normal genome function, how it can be altered, and the evidence of the role of folate/folic acid in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista S Crider
- Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Lifestyle factors, such as diet, smoking, physical activity, and body weight management, are known to constitute the majority of cancer causes. Epigenetics has been widely proposed as a main mechanism that mediates the reversible effects of dietary and lifestyle factors on carcinogenesis. This chapter reviews human studies on potential dietary and lifestyle determinants of DNA methylation. Apart from a few prospective investigations and interventions of limited size and duration, evidence mostly comes from cross-sectional observational studies and supports some associations. Studies to date suggest that certain dietary components may alter genomic and gene-specific DNA methylation levels in systemic and target tissues, affecting genomic stability and transcription of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Most data and supportive evidence exist for folate, a key nutritional factor in one-carbon metabolism that supplies the methyl units for DNA methylation. Other candidate bioactive food components include alcohol and other key nutritional factors of one-carbon metabolism, polyphenols and flavonoids in green tea, phytoestrogen, and lycopene. Some data also support a link of DNA methylation with physical activity and energy balance. Effects of dietary and lifestyle exposures on DNA methylation may be additionally modified by common genetic variants, environmental carcinogens, and infectious agents, an aspect that remains largely unexplored. In addition, growing literature supports that the environmental conditions during critical developmental stages may influence later risk of metabolic disorders in part through persistent programming of DNA methylation. Further research of these modifiable determinants of DNA methylation will improve our understanding of cancer etiology and may present certain DNA methylation markers as attractive surrogate endpoints for prevention research. Considering the plasticity of epigenetic marks and correlated nature of lifestyle factors, more longitudinal studies of healthy individuals of varying age, sex, and ethnic groups are warranted, ideally with comprehensive data collection on various lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unhee Lim
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Abstract
Dietary exposures can have consequences for health years or decades later and this raises questions about the mechanisms through which such exposures are 'remembered' and how they result in altered disease risk. There is growing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms may mediate the effects of nutrition and may be causal for the development of common complex (or chronic) diseases. Epigenetics encompasses changes to marks on the genome (and associated cellular machinery) that are copied from one cell generation to the next, which may alter gene expression, but which do not involve changes in the primary DNA sequence. These include three distinct, but closely inter-acting, mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding microRNAs (miRNA) which, together, are responsible for regulating gene expression not only during cellular differentiation in embryonic and foetal development but also throughout the life-course. This review summarizes the growing evidence that numerous dietary factors, including micronutrients and non-nutrient dietary components such as genistein and polyphenols, can modify epigenetic marks. In some cases, for example, effects of altered dietary supply of methyl donors on DNA methylation, there are plausible explanations for the observed epigenetic changes, but to a large extent, the mechanisms responsible for diet-epigenome-health relationships remain to be discovered. In addition, relatively little is known about which epigenomic marks are most labile in response to dietary exposures. Given the plasticity of epigenetic marks and their responsiveness to dietary factors, there is potential for the development of epigenetic marks as biomarkers of health for use in intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A McKay
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Fujimori S, Gudis K, Takahashi Y, Kotoyori M, Tatsuguchi A, Ohaki Y, Sakamoto C. Determination of the minimal essential serum folate concentration for reduced risk of colorectal adenoma. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:653-8. [PMID: 21612847 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There are no data regarding basal folate levels in patients without colorectal adenoma. This study aimed to determine the minimum serum folate concentration that associates with reduced risk of colorectal adenoma. METHODS 1510 consecutive patients underwent total colonoscopy for suspected colorectal lesions after barium enema examination. Prior to colonoscopy, history of alcohol consumption was noted and blood serum analyzed for folate and vitamin B12 levels. Polypoid lesions were evaluated histologically. We excluded patients with anemia, history of colonoscopy, overconsumption of alcohol, or malignancies. In all, 458/1510 patients (male/female; 258/200, 40-75 years) were determined eligible. Variables were compared between patients with adenoma and those without adenoma. RESULTS Serum folate concentration was the variable with the most significant statistical variation between males with adenoma (8.0 ng/ml) and males without adenoma (9.2) (p = 0.001). Serum folate concentrations in females with adenoma did not differ significantly from those in females without adenoma (10.7 versus 10.9). When subjects were stratified into groups according to serum folate, we found no significant difference in the prevalence of adenoma in patients with folate levels greater than 8.0 ng/ml. CONCLUSION Patients with serum folate concentrations above 8.0 ng/ml had the lowest risk of developing colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Fujimori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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Wallace K, Grau MV, Levine AJ, Shen L, Hamdan R, Chen X, Gui J, Haile RW, Barry EL, Ahnen D, McKeown-Eyssen G, Baron JA, Issa JPJ. Association between folate levels and CpG Island hypermethylation in normal colorectal mucosa. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 3:1552-64. [PMID: 21149331 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene-specific promoter methylation of several genes occurs in aging normal tissues and may predispose to tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigate the association of blood folate levels and dietary and lifestyle factors with CpG island (CGI) methylation in normal colorectal mucosa. Subjects were enrolled in a multicenter chemoprevention trial of aspirin or folic acid for the prevention of large bowel adenomas. We collected 1,000 biopsy specimens from 389 patients, 501 samples from the right colon and 499 from the rectum at the follow-up colonoscopy. We measured DNA methylation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and secreted frizzled related protein-1 (SFRP1), using bisulfite pyrosequencing. We used generalized estimating equations regression analysis to examine the association between methylation and selected variables. For both ERα and SFRP1, percentage methylation was significantly higher in the rectum than in the right colon (P = 0.001). For each 10 years of age, we observed a 1.7% increase in methylation level for ERα and a 2.9% increase for SFRP1 (P < 0.0001). African Americans had a significantly lower level of ERα and SFRP1 methylation than Caucasians and Hispanics. Higher RBC folate levels were associated with higher levels of both ERα (P = 0.03) and SFRP1 methylation (P = 0.01). Our results suggest that CGI methylation in normal colorectal mucosa is related to advancing age, race, rectal location, and RBC folate levels. These data have important implications regarding the safety of supplementary folate administration in healthy adults, given the hypothesis that methylation in normal mucosa may predispose to colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Evergreen Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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McKay JA, Xie L, Harris S, Wong YK, Ford D, Mathers JC. Blood as a surrogate marker for tissue-specific DNA methylation and changes due to folate depletion in post-partum female mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1026-35. [PMID: 21520493 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE DNA methylation patterns are tissue specific and may influence tissue-specific gene regulation. Human studies investigating DNA methylation in relation to environmental factors primarily use blood-derived DNA as a surrogate for DNA from target tissues. It is therefore important to know if DNA methylation changes in blood in response to environmental changes reflect those in target tissues. Folate intake can influence DNA methylation, via altered methyl donor supply. Previously, manipulations of maternal folate intake during pregnancy altered the patterns of DNA methylation in offspring but, to our knowledge, the consequences for maternal DNA methylation are unknown. Given the increased requirement for folate during pregnancy, mothers may be susceptible to aberrant DNA methylation due to folate depletion. METHODS AND RESULTS Female mice were fed folate-adequate (2 mg folic acid/kg diet) or folate-deplete (0.4 mg folic acid/kg diet) diets prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. Following weaning, dams were killed and DNA methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing® in blood, liver, and kidney at the Esr1, Igf2 differentially methylated region (DMR)1, Igf2 DMR2, Slc39a4CGI1, and Slc39a4CGI2 loci. We observed tissue-specific differences in methylation at all loci. Folate depletion reduced Igf2 DMR1 and Slc39a4CGI1 methylation across all tissues and altered Igf2 DMR2 methylation in a tissue-specific manner (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Blood-derived DNA methylation measurements may not always reflect methylation within other tissues. Further measurements of blood-derived and tissue-specific methylation patterns are warranted to understand the complexity of tissue-specific responses to altered nutritional exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A McKay
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Thornburg KL, Shannon J, Thuillier P, Turker MS. In utero life and epigenetic predisposition for disease. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2010; 71:57-78. [PMID: 20933126 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380864-6.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory regions of the human genome can be modified through epigenetic processes during prenatal life to make an individual more likely to suffer chronic diseases when they reach adulthood. The modification of chromatin and DNA contributes to a larger well-documented process known as "programming" whereby stressors in the womb give rise to adult onset diseases, including cancer. It is now well known that death from ischemic heart disease is related to birth weight; the lower the birth weight, the higher the risk of death from cardiovascular disease as well as type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Recent epidemiological data link rapid growth in the womb to metabolic disease and obesity and also to breast and lung cancers. There is increasing evidence that "marked" regions of DNA can become "unmarked" under the influence of dietary nutrients. This gives hope for reversing propensities for cancers and other diseases that were acquired in the womb. For several cancers, the size and shape of the placenta are associated with a person's cardiovascular and cancer risks as are maternal body mass index and height. The features of placental growth and nutrient transport properties that lead to adult disease have been little studied. In conclusion, several cancers have their origins in the womb, including lung and breast cancer. More research is needed to determine the epigenetic processes that underlie the programming of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent L Thornburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Dietary methyl donors, methyl metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic regulators: diet-gene interactions and promoter CpG island hypermethylation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 22:1-12. [PMID: 20960050 PMCID: PMC3002163 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methyl donors might influence DNA methylation during carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among 609 CRC cases and 1,663 subcohort members of the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer (n = 120,852), we estimated CRC risk according to methyl donor intake across genotypes of folate metabolizing enzymes and methyltransferases.Although diet-gene interactions were not statistically significant, methionine intake was inversely associated with CRC among subjects having both common rs2424913 and rs406193 DNMT3B C > T genotypes (highest versus lowest tertile: RR = 0.44; p (trend) = 0.05). Likewise, vitamin B2 was modestly inversely associated among individuals with the MTHFR c.665CC (rs1801133) genotype (RR = 0.66; p (trend) = 0.08), but with a significant reduced risk when ≤ 1 rare allele occurred in the combination of folate metabolizing enzymes MTHFR, MTRR and MTR (RR = 0.30; p (trend) = 0.005). Folate or vitamin B6 were neither inversely associated with CRC nor was methyl donor intake associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP).Despite the absence of heterogeneity across genotypes, might an effect of methyl donors on CRC be more pronounced among individuals carrying common variants of folate metabolizing enzymes or DNA methyltransferases. Combining genotypes may assist to reveal diet associations with CRC, possibly because rare variants of related genes may collectively affect specific metabolic pathways or enzymatic functions.
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Eussen SJPM, Vollset SE, Hustad S, Midttun Ø, Meyer K, Fredriksen A, Ueland PM, Jenab M, Slimani N, Boffetta P, Overvad K, Thorlacius-Ussing O, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Morois S, Weikert C, Pischon T, Linseisen J, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Zilis D, Katsoulis M, Palli D, Pala V, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, Peeters PHM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Duijnhoven FJB, Skeie G, Muñoz X, Martínez C, Dorronsoro M, Ardanaz E, Navarro C, Rodríguez L, VanGuelpen B, Palmqvist R, Manjer J, Ericson U, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Norat T, Riboli E. Plasma vitamins B2, B6, and B12, and related genetic variants as predictors of colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2549-61. [PMID: 20813848 PMCID: PMC3025315 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-vitamins are essential for one-carbon metabolism and have been linked to colorectal cancer. Although associations with folate have frequently been studied, studies on other plasma vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and colorectal cancer are scarce or inconclusive. METHODS We carried out a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, including 1,365 incident colorectal cancer cases and 2,319 controls matched for study center, age, and sex. We measured the sum of B2 species riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide, and the sum of B6 species pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, and 4-pyridoxic acid as indicators for vitamin B2 and B6 status, as well as vitamin B12 in plasma samples collected at baseline. In addition, we determined eight polymorphisms related to one-carbon metabolism. Relative risks for colorectal cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for smoking, education, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and intakes of fiber and red and processed meat. RESULTS The relative risks comparing highest to lowest quintile were 0.71 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.56-0.91; P(trend) = 0.02] for vitamin B2, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.87; P(trend) <0.001) for vitamin B6, and 1.02 (95% CI, 0.80-1.29; P(trend) = 0.19) for vitamin B12. The associations for vitamin B6 were stronger in males who consumed ≥30 g alcohol/day. The polymorphisms were not associated with colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma concentrations of vitamins B2 and B6 are associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT This European population-based study is the first to indicate that vitamin B2 is inversely associated with colorectal cancer, and is in agreement with previously suggested inverse associations of vitamin B6 with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone J P M Eussen
- LOCUS for homocysteine and related vitamins, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Folate and One-Carbon Metabolism and Its Impact on Aberrant DNA Methylation in Cancer. EPIGENETICS AND CANCER, PART B 2010; 71:79-121. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380864-6.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Wakeling LA, Ions LJ, Ford D. Could Sirt1-mediated epigenetic effects contribute to the longevity response to dietary restriction and be mimicked by other dietary interventions? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 31:327-41. [PMID: 19568959 PMCID: PMC2813047 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-009-9104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in a range of evolutionarily distinct species. The polyphenol resveratrol may be a dietary mimetic of some effects of DR. The pivotal role of the mammalian histone deacetylase (HDAC) Sirt1, and its homologue in other organisms, in mediating the effects of both DR and resveratrol on lifespan/ageing suggests it may be the common conduit through which these dietary interventions influence ageing. We propose the novel hypothesis that effects of DR relevant to lifespan extension include maintenance of DNA methylation patterns through Sirt1-mediated epigenetic effects, and proffer the view that dietary components, including resveratrol, may mimic these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa A. Wakeling
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - Laura J. Ions
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - Dianne Ford
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
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Johansson M, Van Guelpen B, Vollset SE, Hultdin J, Bergh A, Key T, Midttun O, Hallmans G, Ueland PM, Stattin P. One-carbon metabolism and prostate cancer risk: prospective investigation of seven circulating B vitamins and metabolites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1538-43. [PMID: 19423531 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Components of one-carbon metabolism are believed to influence cancer development with suggested mechanisms, including DNA methylation and DNA repair mechanisms. However, few prospective studies have investigated one-carbon metabolism in relation to prostate cancer risk, and the results have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to do a comprehensive investigation of the components of one-carbon metabolism in relation to prostate cancer risk. A panel of seven circulating B vitamins and related metabolites was selected, most of which have not been studied before. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed plasma concentrations of betaine, choline, cysteine, methionine, methylmalonic acid (MMA), vitamin B2, and vitamin B6 in 561 cases and 1,034 controls matched for age and recruitment date, nested within the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. Relative risks of prostate cancer were estimated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Positive associations with prostate cancer risk were observed for choline and vitamin B2, and an inverse association was observed for MMA. The relative risks for a doubling in concentrations were 1.46 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-2.05; P(trend) = 0.03] for choline, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.00-1.23; P(trend) = 0.04) for vitamin B2, and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.97; P(trend) = 0.03) for MMA. Concentrations of betaine, cysteine, methionine, and vitamin B6 were not associated with prostate cancer risk. CONCLUSION The results of this large prospective study suggest that elevated plasma concentrations of choline and vitamin B2 may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. These novel findings support a role of one-carbon metabolism in prostate cancer etiology and warrant further investigation.
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Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Wallace K, Levine AJ, Shen L, Hamdan R, Chen X, Bresalier RS, McKeown-Eyssen G, Haile RW, Baron JA, Issa JPJ. Global DNA hypomethylation (LINE-1) in the normal colon and lifestyle characteristics and dietary and genetic factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1041-9. [PMID: 19336559 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global loss of methylated cytosines in DNA, thought to predispose to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy, has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia. Little is known about the relationships between global hypomethylation and lifestyle, demographics, dietary measures, and genetic factors. METHODS Our data were collected as part of a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of aspirin and folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. At a surveillance colonoscopy approximately 3 years after the qualifying exam, we obtained two biopsies of the normal-appearing mucosa from the right colon and two biopsies from the left colon. Specimens were assayed for global hypomethylation using a pyrosequencing assay for LINE-1 (long interspersed nucleotide elements) repeats. RESULTS The analysis included data from 388 subjects. There was relatively little variability in LINE methylation overall. Mean LINE-1 methylation levels in normal mucosa from the right bowel were significantly lower than those on the left side (P < 0.0001). No significant associations were found between LINE-1 methylation and folate treatment, age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, dietary intake, or circulating levels of B vitamins, homocysteine, or selected genotypes. Race, dietary folic acid, and plasma B(6) showed associations with global methylation that differed between the right and the left bowel. The effect of folic acid on risk of adenomas did not differ according to extent of LINE-1 methylation, and we found no association between LINE-1 methylation and risk of adenomas. CONCLUSIONS LINE-1 methylation is not influenced by folic acid supplementation but differs by colon subsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Abstract
DNA methylation levels are affected by numerous environmental influences, including diet and xenobiotic exposure, and neoplasia has been firmly associated with genomic hypomethylation and localized hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. To reverse methylation-induced gene repression, DNA hypomethylating agents are currently in clinical trials for various malignancies, with two of these now approved for the therapy of myelodysplastic syndrome, and the efficacy of these drugs can be assessed by the monitoring of global DNA methylation levels. Herein, we outline a simple, well-established method for the evaluation of genomic DNA methylation levels, based on the ability of isolated DNA to "accept" radiolabeled methyl groups from S-[3H-methyl] adenosylmethionine, using the bacterial CpG methyltransferase SssI. As this enzyme methylates all unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the genome, radiolabeled methyl group acceptance is inversely proportional to the level of preexisting methylation. This assay is applicable to a number of translational and basic research questions.
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Jensen LH, Lindebjerg J, Crüger DG, Brandslund I, Jakobsen A, Kolvraa S, Nielsen JN. Microsatellite instability and the association with plasma homocysteine and thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:583-9. [PMID: 18584349 DOI: 10.1080/07357900801970992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The possible associations between microsatellite instability, homocysteine and thymidylate synthase were investigated in tumors and plasma from 130 patients with colorectal cancer. Other analyses included thymidylate synthase and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms, carcinoembryonic antigen, vitamin B12, and folate. Microsatellite instability of tumors was associated with higher levels of plasma homocysteine (p = 0.008) and higher protein expression of thymidylate synthase (p < 0.001). Supplemental analyses ruled out that the finding could be explained by the other analyzed factors. CEA was not associated with neither homocysteine nor microsatellite instability. The data suggests that there is a more pronounced methyl unit deficiency in microsatellite instable tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Henrik Jensen
- Danish Colorectal Cancer Group South, University of Southern Denmark and Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
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Mokarram P, Naghibalhossaini F, Firoozi MS, Hosseini SV, Izadpanah A, Salahi H, Malek-Hosseini SA, Talei A, Mojallal M. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genotype affects promoter methylation of tumor-specific genes in sporadic colorectal cancer through an interaction with folate/vitamin B 12 status. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3662-71. [PMID: 18595133 PMCID: PMC2719229 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate joint effects of Methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotypes, and serum folate/vitamin B12 concentrations on promoter methylation of tumor-associated genes among Iranian colorectal cancer patients.
METHODS: We examined the associations between MTHFR C677T genotype, and promoter methylation of P16, hMLH1, and hMSH2 tumor-related genes among 151 sporadic colorectal cancer patients. The promoter methylation of tumor-related genes was determined by methylation-specific PCR. Eighty six patients from whom fresh tumor samples were obtained and 81 controls were also examined for serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations by a commercial radioimmunoassay kit.
RESULTS: We found 29.1% of cases had tumors with at least one methylated gene promoter. In case-case comparison, we did not find a significant association between methylation in tumors and any single genotype. However, in comparison to controls with the CC genotype, an increased risk of tumor methylation was associated with the CT genotype (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6). In case-case comparisons, folate/vitamin B12 levels were positively associated with tumor methylation. Adjusted odds ratios for tumor methylation in cases with high (above median) versus low (below median) serum folate/vitamin B12 levels were 4.9 (95% CI, 1.4-17.7), and 3.9 (95% CI, 1.1-13.9), respectively. The frequency of methylated tumors was significantly higher in high methyl donor than low methyl donor group, especially in those with MTHFR CT (P = 0.01), and CT/TT (P = 0.002) genotypes, but not in those with the CC genotype (P = 1.0).
CONCLUSION: We conclude that high concentrations of serum folate/vitamin B12 levels are associated with the risk of promoter methylation in tumor-specific genes, and this relationship is modified by MTHFR C677T genotypes.
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Low expression of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase mRNA in primary colorectal cancer with the CpG island methylator phenotype. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1555-61. [PMID: 18414409 PMCID: PMC2391094 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP+) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined as concomitant and frequent hypermethylation of CpG islands within gene promoter regions. We previously demonstrated that CIMP+ was associated with elevated concentrations of folate intermediates in tumour tissues. In the present study, we investigated whether CIMP+ was associated with a specific mRNA expression pattern for folate- and nucleotide-metabolising enzymes. An exploratory study was conducted on 114 CRC samples from Australia. mRNA levels for 17 genes involved in folate and nucleotide metabolism were measured by real-time RT-PCR. CIMP+ was determined by real-time methylation-specific PCR and compared to mRNA expression. Candidate genes showing association with CIMP+ were further investigated in a replication cohort of 150 CRC samples from Japan. In the exploratory study, low expression of γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) was strongly associated with CIMP+ and CIMP+-related clinicopathological and molecular features. Trends for inverse association between GGH expression and the concentration of folate intermediates were also observed. Analysis of the replication cohort confirmed that GGH expression was significantly lower in CIMP+ CRC. Promoter hypermethylation of GGH was observed in only 5.6% (1 out of 18) CIMP+ tumours and could not account for the low expression level of this gene. CIMP+ CRC is associated with low expression of GGH, suggesting involvement of the folate pathway in the development and/or progression of this phenotype. Further studies of folate metabolism in CIMP+ CRC may help to elucidate the aetiology of these tumours and to predict their response to anti-folates and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin.
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Ni Z, Bao MX, Liu NZ, Zhao Q, Qin H, Yang Y, Qiu YJ, Wang TT. Relationship between tumor suppressor gene RUNX3 expression and cell proliferation and apoptosis in colonic cancer cell line Lovo. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:711-715. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i7.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression and methylation status of tumor suppressor gene RUNX3 in human colon cancer cell line Lovo and explore the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on the proliferation and apoptosis of Lovo cells and the expression of RUNX3 gene.
METHODS: Human colon cancer cell line Lovo was treated with 5-Aza-CdR, a specific methyltransferase inhibitor, at the concentrations of 0.4, 4 and 40 μmol/L for 3 d, and then cultured in RPMI 1640 medium for 5 d. The activation of Lovo cells was respectively observed by Tetrazolium salt colorimetric (MTT) assay before and after 5-Aza-CdR treatment. The change in expression of RUNX3 mRNA was observed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The methylation status of gene promoter was determined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP).
RESULTS: Lovo cells treated with 5-Aza-CdR (0.4, 4, 40 μmol/L) displayed a slowed growth rate in different degrees in contrast with those in the control group and their growth rates decreased accordingly with the increase of 5-Aza-CdR concentration. There were significant increases in RUNX3 mRNA expression (0.46 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 0.06, 0.84 ± 0.07 vs 0, P < 0.01) and apoptotic rates of Lovo cells (10.95% ± 2.09%, 17.61% ± 1.51%, 26.60% ± 1.89% vs 2.92% ± 0.93%, P < 0.01) after 5-Aza-CdR treatment in comparison with those in the control group. The level of RUNX3 mRNA expression and the apoptotic rates of Lovo cells were increased in correlation with 5-Aza-CdR concentration (F = 168.4, F = 145.7, P < 0.01). Methylation of RUNX3 promoter region was confirmed in Lovo cells of control group and detected partly in 5-Aza-CdR-treated group.
CONCLUSION: 5-Aza-CdR is able to reverse the methylation status of RUNX3 promoter region. The re-expression of RUNX3 gene can inhibit Lovo cell growth and partly induce Lovo cell apoptosis.
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Kotsopoulos J, Zhang WW, Zhang S, McCready D, Trudeau M, Zhang P, Sun P, Narod SA. Polymorphisms in folate metabolizing enzymes and transport proteins and the risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 112:585-93. [PMID: 18204969 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-9895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accumulating body of evidence suggests that there is an inverse relationship between the intake of folate (a water-soluble B-vitamin) and the risk of developing breast cancer. Individual variation in the genes involved in the transport of folate, or its metabolism, may affect risk, or may modify the association between folate and breast cancer risk. METHODS We performed a case-control study to evaluate the association between common polymorphisms in six folate-related genes and the risk of breast cancer in 1,009 breast cancer patients and 907 healthy controls. Study subjects were genotyped for eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these six genes. RESULTS We observed no association between the MTHFR, RFC, MS and MTRR genotypes and the risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION These data do not support the hypothesis that genetic variation in genes involved in the metabolism of folate are implicated in the etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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