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Li S, Ren Q, Song Z, Liu B, Wang D, Shang Y, Wang H. Associations of minerals intake with colorectal cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, ovarian cancer screening trial. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1445369. [PMID: 39285869 PMCID: PMC11402668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1445369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Exploring the association between common mineral intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We utilized the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between intake of minerals and the risk of CRC, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 101,686 eligible participants were included in the analysis of this study, including 1,100 CRC cases. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that total zinc intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.79, 95%CI 0.67-0.93; P for trend <0.05), iron intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.81, 95%CI 0.68-0.96; P for trend <0.05), copper intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.80, 95%CI 0.68-0.95; P for trend <0.05), selenium intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.83, 95%CI 0.69-0.98; P for trend <0.05) were significantly negatively associated with the incidence of CRC, but magnesium intake in the appropriate range is associated with a reduced risk of CRC (HRQ3vs.Q1: 0.77, 95%CI 0.65-0.91; P for trend >0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggested that an appropriate intake of total zinc, iron, copper, selenium and magnesium were associated with lower CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqian Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baixue Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanna Shang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Nguyen LTD, Gunathilake M, Lee J, Oh JH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Shin A, Kim J. The interaction between magnesium intake, the genetic variant INSR rs1799817 and colorectal cancer risk in a Korean population: a case-control study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:396-406. [PMID: 38389245 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2314678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium may have a significant impact on the development of cancer. However, the relationship between magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the association between magnesium intake and the risk of CRC, and we investigated how the insulin receptor (INSR) rs1799817 variant impacts this relationship. Data from 1,420 CRC patients and 2,840 controls from the Korean National Cancer Centre were analysed. A higher intake of magnesium was associated with a reduced risk of CRC in the total population (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.52-0.81). We found that G + carriers of INSR rs1799817 with higher magnesium intake had a significantly lower risk of CRC (p for interaction = 0.003). Our findings indicated that high magnesium intake could be associated with a decreased risk of CRC, and this association could be modified by the INSR rs1799817 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thi Dieu Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Papadimitriou N, Bouras E, van den Brandt PA, Muller DC, Papadopoulou A, Heath AK, Critselis E, Gunter MJ, Vineis P, Ferrari P, Weiderpass E, Boeing H, Bastide N, Merritt MA, Lopez DS, Bergmann MM, Perez-Cornago A, Schulze M, Skeie G, Srour B, Eriksen AK, Boden S, Johansson I, Nøst TH, Lukic M, Ricceri F, Ericson U, Huerta JM, Dahm CC, Agnoli C, Amiano PE, Tjønneland A, Gurrea AB, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Ardanaz E, Berntsson J, Sánchez MJ, Tumino R, Panico S, Katzke V, Jakszyn P, Masala G, Derksen JWG, Quirós JR, Severi G, Cross AJ, Riboli E, Tzoulaki I, Tsilidis KK. A Prospective Diet-Wide Association Study for Risk of Colorectal Cancer in EPIC. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:864-873.e13. [PMID: 33901663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence regarding the association of dietary exposures with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is not consistent with a few exceptions. Therefore, we conducted a diet-wide association study (DWAS) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) to evaluate the associations between several dietary exposures with CRC risk. METHODS The association of 92 food and nutrient intakes with CRC risk was assessed in 386,792 participants, 5069 of whom developed incident CRC. Correction for multiple comparisons was performed using the false discovery rate, and emerging associations were examined in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). Multiplicative gene-nutrient interactions were also tested in EPIC based on known CRC-associated loci. RESULTS In EPIC, alcohol, liquor/spirits, wine, beer/cider, soft drinks, and pork were positively associated with CRC, whereas milk, cheese, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, riboflavin, vitamin B6, beta carotene, fruit, fiber, nonwhite bread, banana, and total protein intakes were inversely associated. Of these 20 associations, 13 were replicated in the NLCS, for which a meta-analysis was performed, namely alcohol (summary hazard ratio [HR] per 1-SD increment in intake: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.09), liquor/spirits (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06), wine (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), beer/cider (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.08), milk (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98), cheese (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99), calcium (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95), phosphorus (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95), magnesium (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98), potassium (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99), riboflavin (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97), beta carotene (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98), and total protein (HR per 1-SD increment in intake, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97). None of the gene-nutrient interactions were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm a positive association for alcohol and an inverse association for dairy products and calcium with CRC risk, and also suggest a lower risk at higher dietary intakes of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, riboflavin, beta carotene, and total protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Papadimitriou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Areti Papadopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Critselis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Nadia Bastide
- U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | | | - David S Lopez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine, Galveston, Texas; Division of Urology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bernard Srour
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Kirstine Eriksen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stina Boden
- Department of Radiation Sciences-Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marco Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - José María Huerta
- Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pilar Exezarreta Amiano
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonna Berntsson
- Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Jeroen W G Derksen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP UMR1018, Gustave Roussy, Équipe "Exposome et Hérédité," Inserm-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Hellwege JN, Zhu X, Huang X, Shrubsole MJ, Fan L, Li B, Ness R, Seidner DL, Giovannucci EL, Edwards TL, Dai Q. Blunted PTH response to vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and colorectal neoplasia risk. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3305-3313. [PMID: 33190990 PMCID: PMC8099932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In contrast to many observational studies, large-scale randomized trials do not support the protective role of vitamin D for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. However, in previous studies, individuals with blunted parathyroid hormone (PTH) response to vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (BPRVID), were not differentiated from those with high PTH response to vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (HPRVID). Individuals with BPRVID are responsive to magnesium treatment, particularly treatment of magnesium plus vitamin D while those with HPRVID are responsive to vitamin D treatment. We prospectively compared these two distinct groups (i.e. BPRVID and HPRVID) for risk of incident adenoma, metachronous adenoma, and incident colorectal cancer (CRC) METHODS: Three nested case-control studies in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. RESULTS We found optimal 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significantly reduced risk of CRC, primarily among women. The associations between 25(OH)D and CRC risk significantly differed by PTH levels, particularly among women. Compared to individuals with optimal levels for both 25(OH)D and PTH, all others were at an elevated risk of incident CRC, primarily in women. We found those with BPRVID had 2.56-fold significantly increased risk of CRC compared to 1.65-fold non-significantly increased risk for those with HPRVID. Among women, we observed those with BPRVID had 4.79-6.25-fold significantly increased risks of incident CRC and adenoma whereas those with HPRVID had 3.65-fold significantly increased risk of CRC. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with BPRVID are at higher risks of incident adenoma and CRC compared to those with HPRVID, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Xiang Huang
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Lei Fan
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid Ness
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
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Fiorentini D, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Prata C. Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency. Nutrients 2021; 13:1136. [PMID: 33808247 PMCID: PMC8065437 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
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Gile J, Ruan G, Abeykoon J, McMahon MM, Witzig T. Magnesium: The overlooked electrolyte in blood cancers? Blood Rev 2020; 44:100676. [PMID: 32229066 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is an important element that has essential roles in the regulation of cell growth, division, and differentiation. Mounting evidence in the literature suggests an association between hypomagnesemia and all-cause mortality. In addition, epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a diet poor in magnesium increases the risk of developing cancer, highlighting its importance in the field of hematology and oncology. In solid malignancies, hypomagnesemia at diagnosis portends a worse prognosis. However, little is known about prognosis in patients with hypomagnesemia and blood cancers in general; lymphoma more specifically. Hypomagnesemia has been associated with a higher viral load of the Epstein Barr virus, a virus associated with a multitude of hematologic malignancies. The role of magnesium in the immune system has been further elucidated in studies of patients with a rare primary immunodeficiency known as XMEN disease (X-linked immunodeficiency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and Neoplasia disease). These patients have a mutation in the MAGT1 gene, which codes for a magnesium transporter. The mutation leads to impaired T cell activation and an increased risk of developing hematologic malignancies. In this review we discuss the relevance of magnesium as an electrolyte, current measurement techniques, and the known data related to cause and prognosis of blood cancers. The goal is to use these data to stimulate additional high-quality and well powered studies to further investigate the role of magnesium in preventing cancer and improving outcomes of patients with malignancy and concomitant magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gile
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Gordon Ruan
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | - Thomas Witzig
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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7
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Polter EJ, Onyeaghala G, Lutsey PL, Folsom AR, Joshu CE, Platz EA, Prizment AE. Prospective Association of Serum and Dietary Magnesium with Colorectal Cancer Incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1292-1299. [PMID: 31167754 PMCID: PMC6677594 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory and epidemiologic research suggests a protective role of magnesium in colorectal cancer development. We estimated the associations of serum and dietary magnesium with colorectal cancer incidence in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. METHODS Serum magnesium concentration was measured in blood collected twice (1987-1989 and 1990-1992) and averaged. Dietary magnesium was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire administered twice (1987-1989 and 1993-1995) and averaged. For both dietary and serum magnesium, the averaged measures were categorized into quintiles for analysis. Analyses included 315 colorectal cancer cases among 13,009 participants for serum magnesium (followed for a median of 20.4 years), and 256 cases among 10,971 participants for dietary magnesium (followed for a median of 17.5 years). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of colorectal cancer for the highest four quintiles compared with the first quintile of serum magnesium were as follows: Q2: 0.70 (0.49-0.99); Q3: 0.68 (0.47-1.00); Q4: 0.87 (0.62-1.21); and Q5: 0.79 (0.57-1.11; P trend = 0.04). An inverse association was present in females (HR for Q5 vs. Q1: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.98, P trend = 0.01), but not males (HR for Q5 vs. Q1: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.67-1.79, P trend = 0.92; P interaction = 0.34). Dietary magnesium was not statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study found a higher risk of colorectal cancer with lower serum magnesium among females, but not males. IMPACT If our findings are confirmed, maintaining adequate serum magnesium levels may be important for colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Polter
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Guillaume Onyeaghala
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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8
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Koronowicz AA, Drozdowska M, Wielgos B, Piasna-Słupecka E, Domagała D, Dulińska-Litewka J, Leszczyńska T. The effect of "NutramilTM Complex," food for special medical purpose, on breast and prostate carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192860. [PMID: 29444163 PMCID: PMC5812662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NutramilTM Complex is a multicomponent food product that meets the requirements of a food for special medical purpose. As a complete, high-energy diet it consists of properly balanced nutrients, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of NutramilTM Complex on breast and prostate carcinoma cells. Our results showed that NutramilTM Complex reduced the viability and proliferation of breast and prostate cancer cells and that this process was associated with the induction of apoptosis via activation of caspase signalling. Data showed elevated levels of p53 tumour suppressor, up-regulation of p38 MAPK and SAPK / JNK proteins and downregulation of anti-apoptotic ERK1/2, AKT1 and HSP27. Treatment with NutramilTM Complex also affected the expression of the BCL2 family genes. Results also showed down-regulation of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic members such as BAX, BAD, BID. In addition, we also observed regulation of many other genes, including Iκβα, Chk1 and Chk2, associated with apoptotic events. Taken together, our results suggest activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as most likely mechanism of anti-carcinogenic activity of NutramilTM Complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A. Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariola Drozdowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Piasna-Słupecka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Domagała
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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Sun P, Zhu X, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Hibler EA, Cai Q, Long J, Chen Z, Li G, Hou L, Smalley WE, Edwards TL, Giovannucci E, Zheng W, Dai Q. Genetic variation in SLC7A2 interacts with calcium and magnesium intakes in modulating the risk of colorectal polyps. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:35-40. [PMID: 28501704 PMCID: PMC5583031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 7, member 2 (SLC7A2) gene encodes a protein called cationic amino acid transporter 2, which mediates the transport of arginine, lysine and ornithine. l-Arginine is necessary for cancer development and progression, including an important role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Furthermore, previous studies found that both calcium and magnesium inhibit the transport of arginine. Thus, calcium, magnesium or calcium:magnesium intake ratio may interact with polymorphisms in the SLC7A2 gene in association with colorectal cancer. We conducted a two-phase case-control study within the Tennessee Colorectal Polyps Study. In the first phase, 23 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the SLC7A2 gene were included for 725 colorectal adenoma cases and 755 controls. In the second phase conducted in an independent set of 607 cases and 2113 controls, we replicated the significant findings in the first phase. We observed that rs2720574 significantly interacted with calcium:magnesium intake ratio in association with odds of adenoma, particularly multiple/advanced adenoma. In the combined analysis, among those with a calcium:magnesium intake ratio below 2.78, individuals who carried GC/CC genotypes demonstrated higher odds of adenoma [OR (95% CI):1.36 (1.11-1.68)] and multiple/advanced adenoma [OR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.28, 2.20)] than those who carried the GG genotype. The P values for interactions between calcium:magnesium intake ratio and rs2720574 were .002 for all adenomas and <.001 for multiple/advanced adenoma. Among those with the GG genotype, a high calcium:magnesium ratio was associated with increased odds of colorectal adenoma [OR (95% CI): 1.73 (1.27-2.36)] and advanced/multiple adenomas [1.62 (1.05-2.50)], whereas among those with the GC/CC genotypes, high calcium:magnesium ratio was related to reduced odds of colorectal adenoma [0.64 (0.42-0.99)] and advanced/multiple adenomas [0.55 (0.31-1.00)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 200032
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203; Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203; Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Reid M Ness
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Elizabeth A Hibler
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Zhi Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Guoliang Li
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Lifang Hou
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Walter E Smalley
- Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203; Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 200032; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 200032; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203.
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10
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Zhu X, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Hibler EA, Cai Q, Long J, Chen Z, Li G, Jiang M, Hou L, Kabagambe EK, Zhang B, Smalley WE, Edwards TL, Giovannucci EL, Zheng W, Dai Q. Calcium/magnesium intake ratio, but not magnesium intake, interacts with genetic polymorphism in relation to colorectal neoplasia in a two-phase study. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1449-57. [PMID: 26333203 PMCID: PMC4775445 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Some studies suggest that the calcium to magnesium ratio intakes modify the associations of calcium or magnesium with risk of colorectal adenoma, adenoma recurrence, and cancer. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a key role in the regulation of homeostasis for both calcium and magnesium. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in PTH and 13 other genes may modify the association between the calcium/magnesium intake ratio and colorectal neoplasia risk. We conducted a two-phase study including 1336 cases and 2891 controls from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. In Phase I, we identified 19 SNPs that significantly interacted with the calcium/magnesium intake ratio in adenoma risk. In Phase II, rs11022858 in PTH was replicated. In combined analysis of phases I and II, we found high calcium/magnesium intake ratio tended to be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenoma (P for trend, 0.040) among those who carried the TT genotype in rs11022858. In stratified analyses, calcium intake (≥ 1000 mg/d) was significantly associated with 64% reduced adenoma risk (OR = 0.36 (95% CI : 0.18-0.74)) among those homozygous for the minor allele (TT genotype) (P for trend, 0.012), but not associated with risk in other genotypes (CC/TC). Conversely, we found that highest magnesium intake was significantly associated with 27% reduced risk (OR = 0.73 (95% CI : 0.54-0.97)) of colorectal adenoma (P for trend, 0.026) among those who possessed the CC/TC genotypes, particularly among those with the TC genotype, whereas magnesium intake was not linked to risk among those with the TT genotype. These findings, if confirmed, will help for the development of personalized prevention strategies for colorectal cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Reid M Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth A Hibler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lifang Hou
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edmond K Kabagambe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Walter E Smalley
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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11
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Nriagu J, Darroudi F, Shomar B. Health effects of desalinated water: Role of electrolyte disturbance in cancer development. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:191-204. [PMID: 27295409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review contends that "healthy" water in terms of electrolyte balance is as important as "pure" water in promoting public health. It considers the growing use of desalination (demineralization) technologies in drinking water treatment which often results in tap water with very low concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Ingestion of such water can lead to electrolyte abnormalities marked by hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia which are among the most common and recognizable features in cancer patients. The causal relationships between exposure to demineralized water and malignancies are poorly understood. This review highlights some of the epidemiological and in vivo evidence that link dysregulated electrolyte metabolism with carcinogenesis and the development of cancer hallmarks. It discusses how ingestion of demineralized water can have a procarcinogenic effect through mediating some of the critical pathways and processes in the cancer microenvironment such as angiogenesis, genomic instability, resistance to programmed cell death, sustained proliferative signaling, cell immortalization and tumorigenic inflammation. Evidence that hypoosmotic stress-response processes can upregulate a number of potential oncogenes is well supported by a number studies. In view of the rising production and consumption of demineralized water in most parts of the world, there is a strong need for further research on the biological importance and protean roles of electrolyte abnormalities in promoting, antagonizing or otherwise enabling the development of cancer. The countries of the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) where most people consume desalinated water would be a logical place to start this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Centre of Human Safety and Environmental Research, Department of Health Sciences, College of North Atlantic, Doha, Qatar; Centre of Human Safety & Health and Diagnostic Genome Analysis, Red Crescent Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environmental and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Dai Q, Cantwell MM, Murray LJ, Zheng W, Anderson LA, Coleman HG. Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of reflux oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based case-control study. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:342-50. [PMID: 26563986 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests a role of Mg and the ratio of Ca:Mg intakes in the prevention of colonic carcinogenesis. The association between these nutrients and oesophageal adenocarcinoma - a tumour with increasing incidence in developed countries and poor survival rates - has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between Mg intake and related nutrients and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor conditions, Barrett's oesophagus and reflux oesophagitis. This analysis included cases of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n 218), Barrett's oesophagus (n 212), reflux oesophagitis (n 208) and population-based controls (n 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All the subjects completed a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to dietary intakes of Mg, Ca and Ca:Mg ratio. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest amounts of Mg from foods had significant reductions in the odds of reflux oesophagitis (OR 0·31; 95 % CI 0·11, 0·87) and Barrett's oesophagus (OR 0·29; 95 % CI 0·12, 0·71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest amounts of Mg. The protective effect of Mg was more apparent in the context of a low Ca:Mg intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for Mg intake and oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk (OR 0·77; 95 % CI 0·30, 1·99 comparing the highest and the lowest tertiles of consumption). In conclusion, dietary Mg intakes were inversely associated with reflux oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus risk in this Irish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- 1Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,Nashville,TN 37203,USA
| | - Marie M Cantwell
- 2Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern Ireland,Centre for Public Health,Queens University Belfast,Belfast,BT12 6BJ,Northern Ireland
| | - Liam J Murray
- 2Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern Ireland,Centre for Public Health,Queens University Belfast,Belfast,BT12 6BJ,Northern Ireland
| | - Wei Zheng
- 1Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,Nashville,TN 37203,USA
| | - Lesley A Anderson
- 2Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern Ireland,Centre for Public Health,Queens University Belfast,Belfast,BT12 6BJ,Northern Ireland
| | - Helen G Coleman
- 2Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern Ireland,Centre for Public Health,Queens University Belfast,Belfast,BT12 6BJ,Northern Ireland
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de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1-46. [PMID: 25540137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 886] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is an essential ion to the human body, playing an instrumental role in supporting and sustaining health and life. As the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium, it is involved in over 600 enzymatic reactions including energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Although Mg(2+) availability has been proven to be disturbed during several clinical situations, serum Mg(2+) values are not generally determined in patients. This review aims to provide an overview of the function of Mg(2+) in human health and disease. In short, Mg(2+) plays an important physiological role particularly in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. Moreover, Mg(2+) supplementation has been shown to be beneficial in treatment of, among others, preeclampsia, migraine, depression, coronary artery disease, and asthma. Over the last decade, several hereditary forms of hypomagnesemia have been deciphered, including mutations in transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 (TRPM6), claudin 16, and cyclin M2 (CNNM2). Recently, mutations in Mg(2+) transporter 1 (MagT1) were linked to T-cell deficiency underlining the important role of Mg(2+) in cell viability. Moreover, hypomagnesemia can be the consequence of the use of certain types of drugs, such as diuretics, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors. This review provides an extensive and comprehensive overview of Mg(2+) research over the last few decades, focusing on the regulation of Mg(2+) homeostasis in the intestine, kidney, and bone and disturbances which may result in hypomagnesemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Arigony ALV, de Oliveira IM, Machado M, Bordin DL, Bergter L, Prá D, Pêgas Henriques JA. The influence of micronutrients in cell culture: a reflection on viability and genomic stability. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:597282. [PMID: 23781504 PMCID: PMC3678455 DOI: 10.1155/2013/597282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients, including minerals and vitamins, are indispensable to DNA metabolic pathways and thus are as important for life as macronutrients. Without the proper nutrients, genomic instability compromises homeostasis, leading to chronic diseases and certain types of cancer. Cell-culture media try to mimic the in vivo environment, providing in vitro models used to infer cells' responses to different stimuli. This review summarizes and discusses studies of cell-culture supplementation with micronutrients that can increase cell viability and genomic stability, with a particular focus on previous in vitro experiments. In these studies, the cell-culture media include certain vitamins and minerals at concentrations not equal to the physiological levels. In many common culture media, the sole source of micronutrients is fetal bovine serum (FBS), which contributes to only 5-10% of the media composition. Minimal attention has been dedicated to FBS composition, micronutrients in cell cultures as a whole, or the influence of micronutrients on the viability and genetics of cultured cells. Further studies better evaluating micronutrients' roles at a molecular level and influence on the genomic stability of cells are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Vargas Arigony
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriana Machado
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diana Lilian Bordin
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lothar Bergter
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Prá
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência 2293, 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer has been examined by many prospective studies, but remains controversial because of inconsistent results. We aimed to carry out a meta-analysis to investigate this. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed this association with categorical and dose-response meta-analysis of data from prospective cohort studies. Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and OVID for studies published before 9 June 2012, with no restrictions. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus lowest and dose-response association were estimated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias was investigated, and subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS The analysis included 333 510 participants with 7435 colorectal cancers from seven prospective cohort studies. The summary RR for the highest versus the lowest intake of dietary magnesium was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70-0.92) for colorectal cancer, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64-0.88) for colon cancer, and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.58-1.06) for rectal cancer. For men and women, the pooled RR was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.51-1.01) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68-0.94), respectively. Significant inverse associations of colorectal cancer and dietary magnesium emerged in nonlinear models (p nonlinearity=0.03). The greatest risk reduction was observed when dietary magnesium intake increased from very low levels. CONCLUSION Dietary magnesium intake has a statistically significant nonlinear inverse association with the risk of colorectal cancer. The greatest reduction for magnesium intake is 200-270 mg/day. Whether the association is causal or because of confounding warrants further investigation.
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Dai Q, Shu XO, Deng X, Xiang YB, Li H, Yang G, Shrubsole MJ, Ji B, Cai H, Chow WH, Gao YT, Zheng W. Modifying effect of calcium/magnesium intake ratio and mortality: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2012-002111. [PMID: 23430595 PMCID: PMC3585973 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) antagonise each other in (re)absorption, inflammation and many other physiological activities. Based on mathematical estimation, the absorbed number of Ca or Mg depends on the dietary ratio of Ca to Mg intake. We hypothesise that the dietary Ca/Mg ratio modifies the effects of Ca and Mg on mortality due to gastrointestinal tract cancer and, perhaps, mortality due to diseases occurring in other organs or systems. DESIGN Prospective studies. SETTING Population-based cohort studies (The Shanghai Women's Health Study and the Shanghai Men's Health Study) conducted in Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS 74 942 Chinese women aged 40-70 years and 61 500 Chinese men aged 40-74 years participated in the study. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause mortality and disease-specific mortality. RESULTS In this Chinese population with a low Ca/Mg intake ratio (a median of 1.7 vs around 3.0 in US populations), intakes of Mg greater than US Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) levels (320 mg/day among women and 420 mg/day among men) were related to increased risks of total mortality for both women and men. Consistent with our hypothesis, the Ca/Mg intake ratio significantly modified the associations of intakes of Ca and Mg with mortality risk, whereas no significant interactions between Ca and Mg in relation to outcome were found. The associations differed by gender. Among men with a Ca/Mg ratio >1.7, increased intakes of Ca and Mg were associated with reduced risks of total mortality, and mortality due to coronary heart diseases. In the same group, intake of Ca was associated with a reduced risk of mortality due to cancer. Among women with a Ca/Mg ratio ≤1.7, intake of Mg was associated with increased risks of total mortality, and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results, if confirmed, may help to understand the optimal balance between Ca and Mg in the aetiology and prevention of these common diseases and reduction in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xinqing Deng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Butian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Kuno T, Hatano Y, Tomita H, Hara A, Hirose Y, Hirata A, Mori H, Terasaki M, Masuda S, Tanaka T. Organomagnesium suppresses inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis in male Crj: CD-1 mice. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:361-9. [PMID: 23125223 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency increases genomic instability and Mg intake has been reported to be inversely associated with a risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was designed to determine whether organo-Mg in drinking water suppresses inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice. Male Crj: CD-1 mice were initiated with a single i.p. injection of azoxymethane (AOM, 10mg/kg body weight) and followed by a 1 week exposure to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 1.5%, w/v) in drinking water to induce colonic neoplasms. They were then given the drinking water containing 7, 35 or 175 p.p.m. organo-Mg for 13 weeks. The chemopreventive efficacy of organo-Mg was determined 16 weeks after the AOM exposure. Administration with organo-Mg at all doses caused a significant inhibition of CRC development (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). Especially, the highest dose of organo-Mg significantly suppressed the occurrence of all the colonic pathological lesions (mucosal ulcer, dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma). Organo-Mg also significantly reduced the number of mitoses/anaphase bridging, as well as proliferation of CRC. Additionally, at week 4, organo-Mg lowered the messenger RNA expression of certain proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-γ and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the lesion-free colorectal mucosa at week 4 but increased the Nrf-2 messenger RNA expression. Our findings that organo-Mg inhibits inflammation-related mouse colon carcinogenesis by modulating the proliferative activities and chromosomal instability of CRC and suppressing colonic inflammation may suggest potential use of organo-Mg for clinical chemoprevention trials of CRC in the inflamed colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Kuno
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Chen GC, Pang Z, Liu QF. Magnesium intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1182-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Wark PA, Lau R, Norat T, Kampman E. Magnesium intake and colorectal tumor risk: a case-control study and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:622-31. [PMID: 22854408 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.030924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary magnesium might be related to colorectal tumor risk through the pivotal roles of magnesium in cellular metabolism, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the hypothesis of whether higher dietary magnesium intake is associated with reduced colorectal tumor risk. DESIGN A case-control study on colorectal adenomas (768 cases; 709 polyp-free control subjects) and a meta-analysis of colorectal adenomas (3 case-control studies) and carcinomas (6 prospective cohort studies) were conducted. Dietary magnesium was estimated from food-frequency questionnaires in the case-control study and most studies in the meta-analyses. Data analysis comprised multiple logistic regression analysis (case-control study) and fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS The case-control study showed a nonsignificant inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of colorectal adenomas (OR for every 100-mg/d increase: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.06). However, inverse associations were observed only in subjects with BMI (in kg/m²) ≥25, in subjects aged ≥55 y, and for advanced adenomas. Associations did not vary by the calcium-to-magnesium intake ratio. In the meta-analysis, every 100-mg/d increase in magnesium intake was associated with 13% lower risk of colorectal adenomas (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00) and 12% lower risk of colorectal cancer (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.97). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that higher intakes of dietary magnesium are associated with lower risk of colorectal tumors. The consumption of magnesium-rich foods may be a new avenue to explore further in the search for cancer-prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra A Wark
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Key TJ, Appleby PN, Masset G, Brunner EJ, Cade JE, Greenwood DC, Stephen AM, Kuh D, Bhaniani A, Powell N, Khaw KT. Vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk in the United Kingdom Dietary Cohort Consortium. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E320-5. [PMID: 22139959 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The risk for colorectal cancer may be influenced by the dietary intake of various vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. We conducted a pooled analysis of dietary data collected using food diaries in seven prospective studies in the United Kingdom Dietary Cohort Consortium. Five hundred sixty-five cases of colorectal cancer were matched with 1,951 controls on study centre, age, sex and recruitment date. Dietary intakes of retinol, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, n - 6 fatty acids, n - 3 fatty acids and the ratio of n - 6 to n - 3 fatty acids were estimated and their associations with colorectal cancer examined using conditional logistic regression models, adjusting for exact age, height, weight, energy intake, alcohol intake, fiber intake, smoking, education, social class and physical activity. There were no statistically significant associations between colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of any of the vitamins, minerals or essential fatty acids examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Magnesium intake, plasma C-peptide, and colorectal cancer incidence in US women: a 28-year follow-up study. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1335-41. [PMID: 22415230 PMCID: PMC3314792 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Laboratory studies suggest a possible role of magnesium intake in colorectal carcinogenesis but epidemiological evidence is inconclusive. Method: We tested magnesium–colorectal cancer hypothesis in the Nurses’ Health Study, in which 85 924 women free of cancer in 1980 were followed until June 2008. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable relative risks (MV RRs, 95% confidence intervals). Results: In the age-adjusted model, magnesium intake was significantly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk; the RRs from lowest to highest decile of total magnesium intake were 1.0 (ref), 0.93, 0.81, 0.72, 0.74, 0.77, 0.72, 0.75, 0.80, and 0.67 (Ptrend<0.001). However, in the MV model adjusted for known dietary and non-dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer, the association was significantly attenuated; the MV RRs were 1.0 (ref), 0.96, 0.85, 0.78, 0.82, 0.86, 0.84, 0.91, 1.02, and 0.93 (Ptrend=0.77). Similarly, magnesium intakes were significantly inversely associated with concentrations of plasma C-peptide in age-adjusted model (Ptrend=0.002) but not in multivariate-adjusted model (Ptrend=0.61). Results did not differ by subsite or modified by calcium intakes or body mass index. Conclusion: These prospective results do not support an independent association of magnesium intake with either colorectal cancer risk or plasma C-peptide levels in women.
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Elemental fingerprinting of tumorous and adjacent non-tumorous tissues from patients with colorectal cancer using ICP-MS, ICP-OES and chemometric analysis. Biometals 2011; 22:863-75. [PMID: 19340589 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumorous and adjacent non-tumorous paired biopsies from 38 patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after low-volume microwave digestion. 18 elements were investigated: Ag, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se and Zn. Different chemometric tools were used for data evaluation: Wilcoxon signed rank test, Hieratical clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). With the exception of Al, tumours were observed to have significantly more elevated concentrations of essential elements as compared to non-tumours. On the contrary, elements considered potentially carcinogenic such as Cr, Ni, Mo or Co do not display significant differences. When PCA was applied, different components were obtained for tumorous and non-tumorous tissues. When LDA was applied for the elements studied (including essential and non-essential elements) about 90% of cases were correctly classified.
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Dietary calcium and magnesium intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality in a German prospective cohort (EPIC-Heidelberg). Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1375-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kuo HW, Peng CY, Feng A, Wu TN, Yang CY. Magnesium in drinking water modifies the association between trihalomethanes and the risk of death from colon cancer. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:392-403. [PMID: 21271439 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.538836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the relationship between total trihalomethanes (TTHM) levels in public water supplies and death attributed to colon cancer and (2) determine whether magnesium (Mg) levels in drinking water modify the effects of TTHM on risk of colon cancer development. A matched case-control study was used to investigate the relationship between the risk of death attributed to colon cancer and exposure to total trihalomethanes (TTHM) in drinking water in 53 municipalities in Taiwan. All colon cancer deaths of the 53 municipalities from 1998 through 2007 were obtained from the Bureau of Vital Statistics of the Taiwan Provincial Department of Health. Controls were deaths from other causes and were pair-matched to the cancer cases by gender, year of birth, and year of death. Each matched control was selected randomly from the set of possible controls for each cancer case. Data on TTHM levels in drinking water were collected from Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Information on the levels of Mg in drinking water was obtained from the Taiwan Water Supply Corporation. The municipality of residence for cancer cases and controls was presumed to be the source of the subject's TTHM and Mg exposure via drinking water. Relative to individuals whose TTHM exposure levels were <4.9 ppb, the adjusted odds ration (OR) (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) for colon cancer was 1.14 (1.01-1.28) for individuals who had resided in municipalities served by drinking water with a TTHM exposure≥4.9 ppb. Evidence of an interaction between drinking-water TTHM and Mg intake via drinking water was noted. This is the first study to report an effect modification by Mg intake from drinking water in association between TTHM exposure and risk of colon cancer occurrence. Better knowledge of this modifying factor will help in public policymaking and setting health standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, and Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ma E, Sasazuki S, Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Sawada N, Takachi R, Tsugane S. High dietary intake of magnesium may decrease risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese men. J Nutr 2010; 140:779-85. [PMID: 20164369 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.117747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium maintains genomic stability and is an essential cofactor for DNA synthesis and repair. Magnesium intake has been reported to be inversely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Western populations. This study examined the association between dietary intake of magnesium and CRC risk in Japanese men and women aged 45-74 y. Data from 40,830 men and 46,287 women, at the 5-y follow-up of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, who responded to a 138-item FFQ were used in this analysis. A total of 689 and 440 CRC events were observed during the mean follow-up of 7.9 and 8.3 y for men and women, respectively. When adjusted for potential confounders, the hazard ratio and 95% CI in the highest quintile of magnesium intake compared with the lowest quintile in men were 0.65 (95% CI, 0.40-1.03) for CRC (P-trend = 0.04), 0.48 (95% CI, 0.26-0.89) for colon cancer (P-trend = 0.01), and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.47-2.02) for rectal cancer (P-trend = 0.93). Borderline inverse associations were also observed in men who consumed alcohol regularly (P-trend = 0.07) or had a BMI <25 kg/m(2) (P-trend = 0.06). There were similar inverse associations for invasive colon cancer and distal colon cancer. There were no significant associations between magnesium intake and cancer risk in women. Higher dietary intake of magnesium may decrease the risk of CRC in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Ma
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Welch AA, Fransen H, Jenab M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Tumino R, Agnoli C, Ericson U, Johansson I, Ferrari P, Engeset D, Lund E, Lentjes M, Key T, Touvier M, Niravong M, Larrañaga N, Rodríguez L, Ocké MC, Peeters PHM, Tjønneland A, Bjerregaard L, Vasilopoulou E, Dilis V, Linseisen J, Nöthlings U, Riboli E, Slimani N, Bingham S. Variation in intakes of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and potassium in 10 countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 63 Suppl 4:S101-21. [PMID: 19888269 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adequate mineral intake is important for the maintenance of bone health, cellular function and general metabolism, and possibly in the aetiology of cancer and other chronic diseases. This study aimed at investigating variation in intakes of selected minerals across 10 European countries participating in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. METHODS Nutrient intakes for 36 034 subjects, aged between 35 and 74 years, in 27 centres were obtained using standardized 24-h dietary recall software (EPIC-SOFT). Mean intakes of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and potassium were calculated by centre and weighted by season and day of the week and were also stratified by age group. The contribution of food groups to total nutrient intake was calculated. RESULTS There was clear geographical variability in intakes, with differences ranging from 35% for magnesium to 90% for iron in men and 36% for potassium to 75% for calcium in women, and a twofold difference in sources of haem iron (meat and fish). There was a geographical gradient in iron intake, with higher intakes in Southern than in Northern Europe and also around a twofold north-south gradient in the contribution of fruits and vegetables to potassium intake. Compared with reference intakes, the majority of age groups and centres had intakes above the recommended levels. Dairy foods and products contributed the most to calcium and phosphorus intake in almost all centres. Cereals and cereal products contributed the most to magnesium and iron intakes, except in Greece and Germany. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of minerals vary substantially throughout Europe, with some geographical variability in their food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Welch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, MRC Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Kesavan Y, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Michaud DS. A prospective study of magnesium and iron intake and pancreatic cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:233-41. [PMID: 20022893 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the relation between magnesium and iron intake and diabetes and, separately, between diabetes and pancreatic cancer. However, no known study has examined the direct association of magnesium and iron intake with pancreatic cancer risk. The authors obtained magnesium and iron intake data using food frequency questionnaires from the US male Health Professionals Follow-up Study, which began in 1986. During 851,476 person-years and 20 years of follow-up, 300 pancreatic cancer cases were documented. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks, adjusting for age, smoking, and body mass index. No associations were observed between magnesium or iron intake and pancreatic cancer (highest vs. lowest quintile: relative risk (RR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66, 1.32 and RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.34, respectively). Similarly, iron or magnesium supplement use was not related to pancreatic cancer. A statistically significant inverse relation was noted between magnesium and pancreatic cancer for subjects with a body mass index of > or =25 kg/m(2) (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.99; P-trend = 0.04). Although, overall, no relation between magnesium or iron intake and pancreatic cancer was observed in this cohort of men, an inverse association with magnesium was suggested among overweight individuals, which should be examined in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Kesavan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom.
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Aslam MN, Bhagavathula N, Paruchuri T, Hu X, Chakrabarty S, Varani J. Growth-inhibitory effects of a mineralized extract from the red marine algae, Lithothamnion calcareum, on Ca(2+)-sensitive and Ca(2+)-resistant human colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 283:186-92. [PMID: 19394137 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation and differentiation were assessed in a series of human colon carcinoma cell lines in response to a mineral-rich extract derived from the red marine algae, Lithothamnion calcareum. The extract contains 12% Ca2+, 1% Mg2+, and detectable amounts of 72 trace elements, but essentially no organic material. The red algae extract was as effective as inorganic Ca2+ alone in suppressing growth and inducing differentiation of colon carcinoma cells that are responsive to a physiological level of extracellular Ca2+ (1.4mM). However, with cells that are resistant to Ca2+ alone, the extract was still able to reduce proliferation and stimulate differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Aslam
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, SPC 5602, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Strate LL, Liu YL, Syngal S, Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL. Nut, corn, and popcorn consumption and the incidence of diverticular disease. JAMA 2008; 300:907-14. [PMID: 18728264 PMCID: PMC2643269 DOI: 10.1001/jama.300.8.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with diverticular disease are frequently advised to avoid eating nuts, corn, popcorn, and seeds to reduce the risk of complications. However, there is little evidence to support this recommendation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether nut, corn, or popcorn consumption is associated with diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. DESIGN AND SETTING The Health Professionals Follow-up Study is a cohort of US men followed up prospectively from 1986 to 2004 via self-administered questionnaires about medical (biennial) and dietary (every 4 years) information. Men reporting newly diagnosed diverticulosis or diverticulitis were mailed supplemental questionnaires. PARTICIPANTS The study included 47,228 men aged 40 to 75 years who at baseline were free of diverticulosis or its complications, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease and returned a food-frequency questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. RESULTS During 18 years of follow-up, there were 801 incident cases of diverticulitis and 383 incident cases of diverticular bleeding. We found inverse associations between nut and popcorn consumption and the risk of diverticulitis. The multivariate hazard ratios for men with the highest intake of each food (at least twice per week) compared with men with the lowest intake (less than once per month) were 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.01; P for trend = .04) for nuts and 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.92; P for trend = .007) for popcorn. No associations were seen between corn consumption and diverticulitis or between nut, corn, or popcorn consumption and diverticular bleeding or uncomplicated diverticulosis. CONCLUSIONS In this large, prospective study of men without known diverticular disease, nut, corn, and popcorn consumption did not increase the risk of diverticulosis or diverticular complications. The recommendation to avoid these foods to prevent diverticular complications should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Strate
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
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Dai Q, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Schlundt D, Cai Q, Smalley WE, Li M, Shyr Y, Zheng W. The relation of magnesium and calcium intakes and a genetic polymorphism in the magnesium transporter to colorectal neoplasia risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86:743-51. [PMID: 17823441 PMCID: PMC2082111 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.3.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mean magnesium intake in the US population does not differ from that in East Asian populations with traditionally low risks of colorectal cancer and other chronic diseases, but the ratio of calcium to magnesium (Ca:Mg) intake is much higher in the US population. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a newly found gene essential to magnesium absorption and homeostasis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test whether the association of colorectal polyps with intake of calcium, magnesium, or both and Thr1482Ile polymorphism in the TRPM7 gene is modified by the Ca:Mg intake. DESIGN Included in the study were a total of 688 adenoma cases, 210 hyperplastic polyp cases, and 1306 polyp-free controls from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. RESULTS We found that total magnesium consumption was linked to a significantly lower risk of colorectal adenoma, particularly in those subjects with a low Ca:Mg intake. An inverse association trend was found for hyperplastic polyps. We also found that the common Thr1482Ile polymorphism was associated with an elevated risk of both adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. Moreover, this polymorphism significantly interacted with the Ca:Mg intake in relation to both adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. The subjects who carried >or=1 1482Ile allele and who consumed diets with a high Ca:Mg intake were at a higher risk of adenoma (odds ratio: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.29) and hyperplastic polyps (odds ratio: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.14) than were the subjects who did not carry the polymorphism. CONCLUSION These findings, if confirmed, may provide a new avenue for the personalized prevention of magnesium deficiency and, thus, colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA.
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