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Yadav C, Yadav R, Nanda S, Ranga S, Ahuja P, Tanwar M. Role of HOX genes in cancer progression and their therapeutical aspects. Gene 2024; 919:148501. [PMID: 38670395 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
HOX genes constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play pivotal roles in embryonic development, tissue patterning, and cell differentiation. These genes are essential for the precise spatial and temporal control of body axis formation in vertebrates. In addition to their developmental functions, HOX genes have garnered significant attention for their involvement in various diseases, including cancer. Deregulation of HOX gene expression has been observed in numerous malignancies, where they can influence tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic responses. This review provides an overview of the diverse roles of HOX genes in development, disease, and potential therapeutic targets, highlighting their significance in understanding biological processes and their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Smiti Nanda
- Retd. Senior Professor and Head, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
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Kao TW, Chen HH, Lin J, Wang TL, Shen YA. PBX1 as a novel master regulator in cancer: Its regulation, molecular biology, and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189085. [PMID: 38341110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PBX1 is a critical transcription factor at the top of various cell fate-determining pathways. In cancer, PBX1 stands at the crossroads of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and mediates responses by recruiting a broad repertoire of downstream targets. Research thus far has corroborated the involvement of PBX1 in cancer proliferation, resisting apoptosis, tumor-associated neoangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, immune evasion, genome instability, and dysregulating cellular metabolism. Recently, our understanding of the functional regulation of the PBX1 protein has advanced, as increasing evidence has depicted a regulatory network consisting of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels of control mechanisms. Furthermore, accumulating studies have supported the clinical utilization of PBX1 as a prognostic or therapeutic target in cancer. Preliminary results showed that PBX1 entails vast potential as a targetable master regulator in the treatment of cancer, particularly in those with high-risk features and resistance to other therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will explore the regulation, protein-protein interactions, molecular pathways, clinical application, and future challenges of PBX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wan Kao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Chen
- Department of General Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100224, Taiwan
| | - James Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2, Room 306, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
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3
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Vadevoo SMP, Gurung S, Lee HS, Gunassekaran GR, Lee SM, Yoon JW, Lee YK, Lee B. Peptides as multifunctional players in cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1099-1109. [PMID: 37258584 PMCID: PMC10318096 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides exhibit lower affinity and a shorter half-life in the body than antibodies. Conversely, peptides demonstrate higher efficiency in tissue penetration and cell internalization than antibodies. Regardless of the pros and cons of peptides, they have been used as tumor-homing ligands for delivering carriers (such as nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and cells) and cargoes (such as cytotoxic peptides and radioisotopes) to tumors. Additionally, tumor-homing peptides have been conjugated with cargoes such as small-molecule or chemotherapeutic drugs via linkers to synthesize peptide-drug conjugates. In addition, peptides selectively bind to cell surface receptors and proteins, such as immune checkpoints, receptor kinases, and hormone receptors, subsequently blocking their biological activity or serving as hormone analogs. Furthermore, peptides internalized into cells bind to intracellular proteins and interfere with protein-protein interactions. Thus, peptides demonstrate great application potential as multifunctional players in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Murugan Poongkavithai Vadevoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Smriti Gurung
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Lee
- Department of Physiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowri Rangaswamy Gunassekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ki Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Olatoke T, Wagner A, Astrinidis A, Zhang EY, Guo M, Zhang AG, Mattam U, Kopras EJ, Gupta N, Smith EP, Karbowniczek M, Markiewski MM, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Whitsett JA, McCormack FX, Xu Y, Yu JJ. Single-cell multiomic analysis identifies a HOX-PBX gene network regulating the survival of lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8549. [PMID: 37163604 PMCID: PMC10171823 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive lung disease that predominantly affects women. LAM cells carry TSC1/TSC2 mutations, causing mTORC1 hyperactivation and uncontrolled cell growth. mTORC1 inhibitors stabilize lung function; however, sustained efficacy requires long-term administration, and some patients fail to tolerate or respond to therapy. Although the genetic basis of LAM is known, mechanisms underlying LAM pathogenesis remain elusive. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-nuclei ATAC-seq of LAM lungs to construct a gene regulatory network controlling the transcriptional program of LAM cells. We identified activation of uterine-specific HOX-PBX transcriptional programs in pulmonary LAMCORE cells as regulators of cell survival depending upon HOXD11-PBX1 dimerization. Accordingly, blockage of HOXD11-PBX1 dimerization by HXR9 suppressed LAM cell survival in vitro and in vivo. PBX1 regulated STAT1/3, increased the expression of antiapoptotic genes, and promoted LAM cell survival in vitro. The HOX-PBX gene network provides promising targets for treatment of LAM/TSC mTORC1-hyperactive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Olatoke
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Andrew Wagner
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Erik Y. Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Alan G. Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ushodaya Mattam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Nishant Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Eric P. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Maciej M. Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Francis X. McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jane J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Morgan R, Hunter K, Pandha HS. Downstream of the HOX genes: explaining conflicting tumour suppressor and oncogenic functions in cancer. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1919-1932. [PMID: 35080776 PMCID: PMC9304284 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The HOX genes are a highly conserved group of transcription factors that have key roles in early development, but which are also highly expressed in most cancers. Many studies have found strong associative relationships between the expression of individual HOX genes in tumours and clinical parameters including survival. For the majority of HOX genes, high tumour expression levels seem to be associated with a worse outcome for patients, and in some cases this has been shown to result from the activation of pro-oncogenic genes and pathways. However, there are also many studies that indicate a tumour suppressor role for some HOX genes, sometimes with conclusions that contradict earlier work. In this review, we have attempted to clarify the role of HOX genes in cancer by focusing on their downstream targets as identified in studies that provide experimental evidence for their activation or repression. On this basis, the majority of HOX genes would appear to have a pro-oncogenic function, with the notable exception of HOXD10, which acts exclusively as a tumour suppressor. HOX proteins regulate a wide range of target genes involved in metastasis, cell death, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and activate key cell signalling pathways. Furthermore, for some functionally related targets, this regulation is achieved by a relatively small subgroup of HOX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of West LondonLondonUK
| | - Keith Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Hardev S. Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
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Effects of MicroRNA-195-5p on Biological Behaviors and Radiosensitivity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via Targeting HOXA10. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4522210. [PMID: 34925694 PMCID: PMC8672108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4522210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of miR-195-5p and its target gene HOXA10 on the biological behaviors and radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. Methods The effects of miR-195-5p on LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle arrest, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity were investigated by in vitro experiments. The bioinformatics analysis was used to assess its clinical value and predict target genes. Double-luciferase experiments were used to verify whether the miR-195-5p directly targeted HOXA10. A xenograft tumor-bearing mouse model was used to examine its effects on the radiosensitivity of LUAD in vivo. Results Both gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-195-5p inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis, and enhanced radiosensitivity. Double-luciferase experiments confirmed that miR-195-5p directly targeted HOXA10. Downregulation of HOXA10 also inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis, and enhanced radiosensitivity. The protein levels of β-catenin, c-myc, and Wnt1 were decreased by miR-195-5p and increased by its inhibitor. Moreover, the effects of the miR-195-5p inhibitor could be eliminated by HOXA10-siRNA. Furthermore, miR-195-5p improved radiosensitivity of LUAD cells in vivo. Conclusion miR-195-5p has excellent antitumor effects via inhibiting cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration, arresting the cell cycle, promoting apoptosis, and sensitizing LUAD cells to X-ray irradiation by targeting HOXA10. Thus, miR-195-5p may serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of LUAD.
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Peralta-Arrieta I, Trejo-Villegas OA, Armas-López L, Ceja-Rangel HA, Ordóñez-Luna MDC, Pineda-Villegas P, González-López MA, Ortiz-Quintero B, Mendoza-Milla C, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Arrieta O, Zúñiga J, Ávila-Moreno F. Failure to EGFR-TKI-based therapy and tumoural progression are promoted by MEOX2/GLI1-mediated epigenetic regulation of EGFR in the human lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2021; 160:189-205. [PMID: 34844838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchyme homeobox-2 (MEOX2)-mediated regulation of glioma-associated oncogene-1 (GLI1) has been associated with poor overall survival, conferring chemoresistance in lung cancer. However, the role of MEOX2/GLI1 in resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs)-based therapy remains unexplored in human lung cancer. METHODS Functional assays using genetic silencing strategy by short hairpin RNAs, as well as cytotoxic (tetrazolium dye MTT) and clonogenic assays, were performed to evaluate MEOX2/GLI1-induced malignancy capacity in lung cancer cells. Further analysis performed includes western blot, qPCR and ChIP-qPCR assays to identify whether MEOX2/GLI1 promote EGFR/AKT/ERK activation, as well as EGFR overexpression through epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, preclinical tumour progression in vivo and progression-free disease interval analyses in patients treated with EGFR-TKI were included. RESULTS Overexpressed MEOX2/GLI1 in both EGFR wild-type and EGFR/KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells were detected and involved in the activation/expression of EGFR/AKT/ERK biomarkers. In addition, MEOX2/GLI1 was shown to be involved in the increased proliferation of tumour cells and resistance capacity to cisplatin, EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib and AZD9291 'osimertinib'), AZD8542-SMO, and AZD6244-MEKK1/2. In addition, we identified that MEOX2/GLI1 promote lung tumour cells progression in vivo and are clinically associated with poorer progression-free disease intervals. Finally, both MEOX2 and GLI1 were detected to be epigenetically involved in EGFR expression by reducing both repressive markers polycomb-EZH2 and histone H3K27me3, but, particularly, increasing an activated histone profile H3K27Ac/H3K4me3 at EGFR-gene enhancer-promoter sequences that probably representing a novel EGFR-TKI-based therapy resistance mechanism. CONCLUSION MEOX2/GLI1 promote resistance to cisplatin and EGFR-TKI-based therapy in lung cancer cells, modulating EGFR/AKT/ERK signalling pathway activation, as well as inducing an aberrant epigenetic modulation of the EGFR-gene expression in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlanda Peralta-Arrieta
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Octavio A Trejo-Villegas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Leonel Armas-López
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Hugo A Ceja-Rangel
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - María Del Carmen Ordóñez-Luna
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Priscila Pineda-Villegas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Marco A González-López
- Unidad Funcional de Oncología Torácica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz de Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz de Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Zyanya L Zatarain-Barrón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Unidad Funcional de Oncología Torácica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz de Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz de Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Li Y, Ma K, Xie Q, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen K, Kong L, Qian R. Identification of HOXD10 as a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5183-5195. [PMID: 34737577 PMCID: PMC8558040 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s336225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose HOXD10 is a tumor modulator that can either be a tumor-suppressor or a tumor-promoting gene. However, the role of HOXD10 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to detect protein expression of HOXD10 in GBM and normal brain tissue patients. Clinicopathological characteristics with GBM were recorded, and a Kaplan–Meier curve was plotted. Additionally, the mRNA expression of HOXD10 and its effect on prognosis were analyzed using the online tool GEPIA and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Based on the mRNA expression of HOXD10, GBM patients from TCGA database were divided into low- and high-HOXD10 expression groups to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Results The mRNA expression of HOXD10 was up-regulated in GBM according to GEPIA, while the protein expression of HOXD10 in GBM was down-regulated according to IHC analysis of samples from patients collected from our hospital. Correlation analysis showed that HOXD10 expression was significantly related to IDH1 status. Univariate analysis revealed that low HOXD10 expression, complete surgical resection, postoperative radiotherapy, postoperative temozolomide chemotherapy and IDH1 mutation were all beneficial prognostic factors. Further multivariate analysis revealed that only complete surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that HOXD10 expression is mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. In the ceRNA network, 89 nodes, containing 45 mRNAs, 39 miRNAs and five lncRNAs associated with prognosis were involved. The PPI network revealed a tight interaction between HOXD10 and HOXD8, HOXD9, HOXD11, HOXD13 and HOXB3. Conclusion Based on our experimental data, although HOXD10 expression is low in GBM compared with normal brain tissue, GBM patients with high HOXD10 expression have a worse prognosis. HOXD10 may play different or even opposite roles in different stages of GBM occurrence and development. For patients with GBM, HOXD10 may be a valid predictor of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulei Zhang
- Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People's Republic of China
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9
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Gulotta MR, De Simone G, John J, Perricone U, Brancale A. A Computer-Based Methodology to Design Non-Standard Peptides Potentially Able to Prevent HOX-PBX1-Associated Cancer Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5670. [PMID: 34073517 PMCID: PMC8198631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, HOX proteins have been extensively studied due to their pivotal role in transcriptional events. HOX proteins execute their activity by exploiting a cooperative binding to PBX proteins and DNA. Therefore, an increase or decrease in HOX activity has been associated with both solid and haematological cancer diseases. Thus, inhibiting HOX-PBX interaction represents a potential strategy to prevent these malignancies, as demonstrated by the patented peptide HTL001 that is being studied in clinical trials. In this work, a computational study is described to identify novel potential peptides designed by employing a database of non-natural amino acids. For this purpose, residue scanning of the HOX minimal active sequence was performed to select the mutations to be further processed. According to these results, the peptides were point-mutated and used for Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations in complex with PBX1 protein and DNA to evaluate complex binding stability. MM-GBSA calculations of the resulting MD trajectories were exploited to guide the selection of the most promising mutations that were exploited to generate twelve combinatorial peptides. Finally, the latter peptides in complex with PBX1 protein and DNA were exploited to run MD simulations and the ΔGbinding average values of the complexes were calculated. Thus, the analysis of the results highlighted eleven combinatorial peptides that will be considered for further assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Gulotta
- Molecular Informatics Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Filippo Marini 14, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.S.); (U.P.)
| | - Giada De Simone
- Molecular Informatics Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Filippo Marini 14, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.S.); (U.P.)
| | - Justin John
- NRN Tech LTD, Henstaff Court, Llantrisant Road, Groesfaen CF72 8NG, UK;
| | - Ugo Perricone
- Molecular Informatics Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Filippo Marini 14, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.S.); (U.P.)
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK;
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10
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Bajpai D, Mehdizadeh S, Uchiyama A, Inoue Y, Sawaya A, Overmiller A, Brooks SR, Hasneen K, Kellett M, Palazzo E, Motegi SI, Yuspa SH, Cataisson C, Morasso MI. Loss of DLX3 tumor suppressive function promotes progression of SCC through EGFR-ERBB2 pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:3680-3694. [PMID: 33947961 PMCID: PMC8159909 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) ranks second in the frequency of all skin cancers. The balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation is disrupted in the pathological development of cSCC. DLX3 is a homeobox transcription factor which plays pivotal roles in embryonic development and epidermal homeostasis. To investigate the impact of DLX3 expression on cSCC prognosis, we carried out clinicopathologic analysis of DLX3 expression which showed statistical correlation between tumors of higher pathologic grade and levels of DLX3 protein expression. Further, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated that low DLX3 expression correlated with poor patient survival. To model the function of Dlx3 in skin tumorigenesis, a two-stage dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) study was performed on mice genetically depleted of Dlx3 in skin epithelium (Dlx3cKO). Dlx3cKO mice developed significantly more tumors, with more rapid tumorigenesis compared to control mice. In Dlx3cKO mice treated only with DMBA, tumors developed after ~16 weeks suggesting that loss of Dlx3 has a tumor promoting effect. Whole transcriptome analysis of tumor and skin tissue from our mouse model revealed spontaneous activation of the EGFR-ERBB2 pathway in the absence of Dlx3. Together, our findings from human and mouse model system support a tumor suppressive function for DLX3 in skin and underscore the efficacy of therapeutic approaches that target EGFR-ERBB2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Bajpai
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Spencer Mehdizadeh
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Akihiko Uchiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuta Inoue
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Andrew Sawaya
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Overmiller
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stephen R. Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kowser Hasneen
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meghan Kellett
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sei-ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Stuart H. Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria I. Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Corresponding author: Maria I. Morasso, Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Gİrgİn B, KaradaĞ-Alpaslan M, KocabaŞ F. Oncogenic and tumor suppressor function of MEIS and associated factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 44:328-355. [PMID: 33402862 PMCID: PMC7759197 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2006-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MEIS proteins are historically associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and invasion in cancer. MEIS and associated PBX-HOX proteins may act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in different cellular settings. Their expressions tend to be misregulated in various cancers. Bioinformatic analyses have suggested their upregulation in leukemia/lymphoma, thymoma, pancreas, glioma, and glioblastoma, and downregulation in cervical, uterine, rectum, and colon cancers. However, every cancer type includes, at least, a subtype with high MEIS expression. In addition, studies have highlighted that MEIS proteins and associated factors may function as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for various diseases. Herein, MEIS proteins and associated factors in tumorigenesis are discussed with recent discoveries in addition to how they could be modulated by noncoding RNAs or newly developed small-molecule MEIS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birkan Gİrgİn
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Meinox Pharma Technologies, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Medine KaradaĞ-Alpaslan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun Turkey
| | - Fatih KocabaŞ
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Meinox Pharma Technologies, İstanbul Turkey
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12
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Hussain I, Deb P, Chini A, Obaid M, Bhan A, Ansari KI, Mishra BP, Bobzean SA, Udden SMN, Alluri PG, Das HK, Brothers RM, Perrotti LI, Mandal SS. HOXA5 Expression Is Elevated in Breast Cancer and Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Estradiol. Front Genet 2021; 11:592436. [PMID: 33384715 PMCID: PMC7770181 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.592436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA5 is a homeobox-containing gene associated with the development of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and vertebrae. Here, we investigate potential roles and the gene regulatory mechanism in HOXA5 in breast cancer cells. Our studies demonstrate that HOXA5 expression is elevated in breast cancer tissues and in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. HOXA5 expression is critical for breast cancer cell viability. Biochemical studies show that estradiol (E2) regulates HOXA5 gene expression in cultured breast cancer cells in vitro. HOXA5 expression is also upregulated in vivo in the mammary tissues of ovariectomized female rats. E2-induced HOXA5 expression is coordinated by ERs. Knockdown of either ERα or ERβ downregulated E2-induced HOXA5 expression. Additionally, ER co-regulators, including CBP/p300 (histone acetylases) and MLL-histone methylases (MLL2, MLL3), histone acetylation-, and H3K4 trimethylation levels are enriched at the HOXA5 promoter in present E2. In summary, our studies demonstrate that HOXA5 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is transcriptionally regulated via estradiol in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Paromita Deb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Avisankar Chini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Monira Obaid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Arunoday Bhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Khairul I Ansari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Bibhu P Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Samara A Bobzean
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - S M Nashir Udden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Prasanna G Alluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hriday K Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Healthy Aging, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Robert Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Linda I Perrotti
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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13
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MiR-27b-3p promotes migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cells by targeting HOXA10. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221323. [PMID: 31763673 PMCID: PMC6900470 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to tumor progression via the regulation of the expression of specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. One such example, miR-27b-3p, has reportedly been involved in tumor progression in many types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to delve into the role and the underlying mechanism of miR-27b-3p in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods: In the present study, we detected the expression level of miR-27b-3p by RT-PCR. The effect of miR-27b-3p overexpression on cell proliferation in CRC cells was evaluated by cell counting and Edu assays. Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to examine the effects of cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay and western blot assay were performed to identify the target of miR-27b-3p. Results: Here, we have demonstrated that although miR-27b-3p can affect cell morphology, it has no observable effect on the proliferation of CRC cells. However, it significantly promotes the migration and invasion of CRC cells. We discovered that HOXA10 was a newly identified target of miR-27b-3p in CRC cells, as confirmed by bioinformatics, western blots and dual luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-27b-3p or the suppression of HOXA10 can activate the integrin β1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results reveal a new function of miR-27b-3p that demonstrates its ability to promote CRC cell migration and invasion by targeting the HOXA10/integrin β1 cell signal axis. Conclusion: This may provide a mechanism to explain why miR-27b-3p promotes CRC cell migration and invasion.
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14
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Ricciardi L, Giurato G, Memoli D, Pietrafesa M, Dal Col J, Salvato I, Nigro A, Vatrella A, Caramori G, Casolaro V, Stellato C. Posttranscriptional Gene Regulatory Networks in Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: In silico Mapping of RNA-Binding Protein Expression in Airway Epithelium. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579889. [PMID: 33178205 PMCID: PMC7596416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttranscriptional gene regulation (PTGR) contributes to inflammation through alterations in messenger RNA (mRNA) turnover and translation rates. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) coordinate these processes but their role in lung inflammatory diseases is ill-defined. We evaluated the expression of a curated list of mRNA-binding RBPs (mRBPs) in selected Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) transcriptomic databases of airway epithelium isolated from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe asthma (SA) and matched control subjects, hypothesizing that global changes in mRBPs expression could be used to infer their pathogenetic roles and identify novel disease-related regulatory networks. Methods: A published list of 692 mRBPs [Nat Rev Genet 2014] was searched in GEO datasets originated from bronchial brushings of stable COPD patients (C), smokers (S), non-smokers (NS) controls with normal lung function (n = 6/12/12) (GEO ID: GSE5058) and of (SA) and healthy control (HC) (n = 6/12) (GSE63142). Fluorescence intensity data were extracted and normalized on the medians for fold change (FC) comparisons. FCs were set at ≥ |1.5| with a false discovery rate (FDR) of ≤ 0.05. Pearson correlation maps and heatmaps were generated using tMEV tools v4_9_0.45. DNA sequence motifs were searched using PScan-ChIP. Gene Ontology (GO) was performed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool. Results: Significant mRBP expression changes were detected for S/NS, COPD/NS and COPD/S (n = 41, 391, 382, respectively). Of those, 32% of genes changed by FC ≥ |1.5| in S/NS but more than 60% in COPD/NS and COPD/S (n = 13, 267, 257, respectively). Genes were predominantly downregulated in COPD/NS (n = 194, 73%) and COPD/S (n = 202, 79%), less so in S/NS (n = 4, 31%). Unsupervised cluster analysis identified in 4 out of 12 S the same mRBP pattern seen in C, postulating subclinical COPD. Significant DNA motifs enrichment for transcriptional regulation was found for downregulated RBPs. Correlation analysis identified five clusters of co-expressed mRBPs. GO analysis revealed significant enrichments in canonical pathways both specific and shared among comparisons. Unexpectedly, no significant mRBPs modulation was found in SA compared to controls. Conclusions: Airway epithelial mRBPs profiling reveals a COPD-specific global downregulation of RBPs shared by a subset of control smokers, the potential of functional cooperation by coexpressed RBPs and significant impact on relevant pathogenetic pathways in COPD. Elucidation of PTGR in COPD could identify disease biomarkers or pathways for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ricciardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Pietrafesa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ilaria Salvato
- Pulmonology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pulmonology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Bruckmann C, Tamburri S, De Lorenzi V, Doti N, Monti A, Mathiasen L, Cattaneo A, Ruvo M, Bachi A, Blasi F. Mapping the native interaction surfaces of PREP1 with PBX1 by cross-linking mass-spectrometry and mutagenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16809. [PMID: 33033354 PMCID: PMC7545097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both onco-suppressor PREP1 and the oncogene MEIS1 bind to PBX1. This interaction stabilizes the two proteins and allows their translocation into the nucleus and thus their transcriptional activity. Here, we have combined cross-linking mass-spectrometry and systematic mutagenesis to detail the binding geometry of the PBX1-PREP1 (and PBX1-MEIS1) complexes, under native in vivo conditions. The data confirm the existence of two distinct interaction sites within the PBC domain of PBX1 and unravel differences among the highly similar binding sites of MEIS1 and PREP1. The HR2 domain has a fundamental role in binding the PBC-B domain of PBX1 in both PREP1 and MEIS1. The HR1 domain of MEIS1, however, seem to play a less stringent role in PBX1 interaction with respect to that of PREP1. This difference is also reflected by the different binding affinity of the two proteins to PBX1. Although partial, this analysis provides for the first time some ideas on the tertiary structure of the complexes not available before. Moreover, the extensive mutagenic analysis of PREP1 identifies the role of individual hydrophobic HR1 and HR2 residues, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bruckmann
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simone Tamburri
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Lorenzi
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Lisa Mathiasen
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cattaneo
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech S.R.L. Benefit Corporation IT, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- IFOM (Foundation FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Bondos SE, Geraldo Mendes G, Jons A. Context-dependent HOX transcription factor function in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 174:225-262. [PMID: 32828467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During animal development, HOX transcription factors determine the fate of developing tissues to generate diverse organs and appendages. The power of these proteins is striking: mis-expressing a HOX protein causes homeotic transformation of one body part into another. During development, HOX proteins interpret their cellular context through protein interactions, alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications to regulate cell proliferation, cell death, cell migration, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. Although mutation and/or mis-expression of HOX proteins during development can be lethal, changes in HOX proteins that do not pattern vital organs can result in survivable malformations. In adults, mutation and/or mis-expression of HOX proteins disrupts their gene regulatory networks, deregulating cell behaviors and leading to arthritis and cancer. On the molecular level, HOX proteins are composed of DNA binding homeodomain, and large regions of unstructured, or intrinsically disordered, protein sequence. The primary roles of HOX proteins in arthritis and cancer suggest that mutations associated with these diseases in both the structured and disordered regions of HOX proteins can have substantial functional effects. These insights lead to new questions critical for understanding and manipulating HOX function in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Gabriela Geraldo Mendes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Jons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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17
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Novel Liquid Biomarker Panels for A Very Early Response Capturing of NSCLC Therapies in Advanced Stages. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040954. [PMID: 32290637 PMCID: PMC7226444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) scans are the gold standard to measure treatment success of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapies. Here, we investigated the very early tumor response of patients receiving chemotherapy or targeted therapies using a panel of already established and explorative liquid biomarkers. Blood samples from 50 patients were taken at baseline and at three early time points after therapy initiation. DNA mutations, a panel of 17 microRNAs, glycodelin, glutathione disulfide, glutathione, soluble caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30 antigen), and soluble cytokeratin 18 (M65 antigen) were measured in serum and plasma samples. Baseline and first follow-up CT scans were evaluated and correlated with biomarker data. The detection rate of the individual biomarkers was between 56% and 100%. While only keratin 18 correlated with the tumor load at baseline, we found several individual markers correlating with the tumor response to treatment for each of the three time points of blood draws. A combination of the five best markers at each time point resulted in highly significant marker panels indicating therapeutic response (R2 = 0.78, R2 = 0.71, and R2 = 0.71). Our study demonstrates that an early measurement of biomarkers immediately after therapy start can assess tumor response to treatment and might support an adaptation of treatment to improve patients’ outcome.
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18
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A Novel Role for the Tumor Suppressor Gene ITF2 in Tumorigenesis and Chemotherapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040786. [PMID: 32224864 PMCID: PMC7226299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite often leading to platinum resistance, platinum-based chemotherapy continues to be the standard treatment for many epithelial tumors. In this study we analyzed and validated the cytogenetic alterations that arise after treatment in four lung and ovarian paired cisplatin-sensitive/resistant cell lines by 1-million microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) and qRT-PCR methodologies. RNA-sequencing, functional transfection assays, and gene-pathway activity analysis were used to identify genes with a potential role in the development of this malignancy. The results were further explored in 55 lung and ovarian primary tumors and control samples, and in two extensive in silico databases. Long-term cell exposure to platinum induces the frequent deletion of ITF2 gene. Its expression re-sensitized tumor cells to platinum and recovered the levels of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity. ITF2 expression was also frequently downregulated in epithelial tumors, predicting a worse overall survival. We also identified an inverse correlation between ITF2 and HOXD9 expression, revealing that Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with lower expression of HOXD9 had a better overall survival rate. We defined the implication of ITF2 as a molecular mechanism behind the development of cisplatin resistance probably through the activation of the Wnt-signaling pathway. This data highlights the possible role of ITF2 and HOXD9 as novel therapeutic targets for platinum resistant tumors.
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19
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Roshdy F, Farag MMS, El-Ahwany E, Mahmode O, Mousa AA, El Talkawy M, Essawy F. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR and HOTTIP as potential biomarkers for hepatitis C virus genotype 4-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) homeobox (Hox) transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) and HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) have been suggested to be implicated in liver cancer tumorigenesis and progression; however, little is known about the role of the plasma HOTAIR and HOTTIP in liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The current study aimed at measuring the plasma levels of long non-coding RNAs (HOTAIR and HOTTIP) expression in chronic liver disease (CLD) due to HCV genotype 4 infection with/without cirrhosis and HCC patients in an attempt to evaluate the potential benefits of these new circulating as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers and a novel therapeutic strategy for liver cirrhosis and carcinogenesis of Egyptian patients. Hundred subjects were included in this study, divided into two groups; group I (50 patients) were classified into subgroup Ia (CLD without cirrhosis, n = 25) and subgroup Ib (CLD with cirrhosis, n = 25), group II (CLD patients with HCC, n = 25), and control (healthy volunteer, n = 25). The expression of lncRNAs (HOTAIR and HOTTIP) genes was analyzed by real-time PCR.
Results
LncRNAs (HOTAIR and HOTTIP) showed upregulation in all diseased groups, which was in consistent with the progression of the disease toward the HCC stage. In addition, HOTAIR and HOTTIP showed a diagnostic ability to discriminate between cases of cirrhosis and HCC compared with healthy control (p < 0.001), while HOTAIR and HOTTIP did not show a discrimination significant differences between cirrhotic cases and non-cirrhotic cases. By using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, it was found that LncRNAs (HOTAIR and HOTTIP) could diagnose liver cancer with 64.0% sensitivity and 86.0% specificity and 48.0% sensitivity and 88.0% specificity. Furthermore, both genes can be considered as the predictor and prognostic parameters for cirrhosis (OR = 1.111, p = 0.05) and (OR = 1.07, p = 0.05) respectively, and HCC (OR = 1.047, p = 0.01) and (OR = 1.05, p = 0.003). The increased HOTAIR and HOTTIP expression were associated with advanced tumor stages and higher grades.
Conclusion
These results strongly prompt us that HOTAIR and HOTTIP genes can be used as non-invasive prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for HCV genotype 4-induced HCC.
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PBX3 Promotes Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis via Activation of AT1R/VEGFR2 Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8954513. [PMID: 32047817 PMCID: PMC7007751 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8954513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PBX3 (Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3) had been considered to be a multifunctional oncogene which involved in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in leukemia and some solid tumors. However, the contribution of PBX3 to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that PBX3 expression was significantly upregulated in PTC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and high levels of PBX3 were correlated with tumor size, lymphatic metastasis, TMN stage, and poor prognosis of PTC patients. Overexpression of PBX3 in PTC cell lines promoted cell proliferation. Consistently, knockdown of PBX3 by shRNA induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PBX3 promoted PTC cell proliferation and angiogenesis through activation of AT1R/VEGFR2 pathway while overexpression of AT1R and treatment with VEGFA reversed PBX3-shRNA-induced decreased phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream (ERK1/2, AKT and Src). It demonstrated that PBX3 could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PTC.
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Liu WJ, Du Y, Wen R, Yang M, Xu J. Drug resistance to targeted therapeutic strategies in non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107438. [PMID: 31715289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developing molecular biology techniques have been employed to identify cancer driver genes in specimens from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inhibitors and antibodies that specifically target driver gene-mediated signaling pathways to suppress tumor growth and progression are expected to extend the survival time and further improve the quality of life of patients. However, the health of patients with advanced and metastatic NSCLC presents significant challenges due to treatment resistance, mediated by cancer driver gene alteration, epigenetic alteration, and tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss two different resistance mechanisms in NSCLC targeted therapies, namely changes in the targeted oncogenes (on-target resistance) and changes in other related signaling pathways (off-target resistance) in tumor cells. We highlight the conventional mechanisms of drug resistance elicited by the complex heterogeneous microenvironment of NSCLC during targeted therapy, including mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), the receptor tyrosine kinase ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), and the serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B). We also discuss the mechanism of action of less common oncoproteins, as in-depth understanding of these molecular mechanisms is important for optimizing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ru Wen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Sorolla A, Wang E, Golden E, Duffy C, Henriques ST, Redfern AD, Blancafort P. Precision medicine by designer interference peptides: applications in oncology and molecular therapeutics. Oncogene 2019; 39:1167-1184. [PMID: 31636382 PMCID: PMC7002299 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In molecular cancer therapeutics only 10% of known cancer gene products are targetable with current pharmacological agents. Major oncogenic drivers, such as MYC and KRAS proteins are frequently highly overexpressed or mutated in multiple human malignancies. However, despite their key role in oncogenesis, these proteins are hard to target with traditional small molecule drugs due to their large, featureless protein interfaces and lack of deep pockets. In addition, they are inaccessible to large biologicals, which are unable to cross cell membranes. Designer interference peptides (iPeps) represent emerging pharmacological agents created to block selective interactions between protein partners that are difficult to target with conventional small molecule chemicals or with large biologicals. iPeps have demonstrated successful inhibition of multiple oncogenic drivers with some now entering clinical settings. However, the clinical translation of iPeps has been hampered by certain intrinsic limitations including intracellular localization, targeting tissue specificity and pharmacological potency. Herein, we outline recent advances for the selective inhibition of major cancer oncoproteins via iPep approaches and discuss the development of multimodal peptides to overcome limitations of the first generations of iPeps. Since many protein–protein interfaces are cell-type specific, this approach opens the door to novel programmable, precision medicine tools in cancer research and treatment for selective manipulation and reprogramming of the cancer cell oncoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Sorolla
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Edina Wang
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Emily Golden
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ciara Duffy
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sónia T Henriques
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Zhou T, Fu H, Dong B, Dai L, Yang Y, Yan W, Shen L. HOXB7 mediates cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through involvement of DNA damage repair. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:3071-3085. [PMID: 31568655 PMCID: PMC7606015 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA damage repair is an important mechanism of platinum resistance. HOXB7 is one member of HOX family genes, which are essential developmental regulators and frequently dysregulated in cancer. Recently, its relevance in chemotherapy resistance and DNA damage repair has also been addressed. However, little is known regarding the association between HOXB7 and chemotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods The association between HOXB7 expression detected by immunohistochemisty and tumor regression grade (TRG) and long‐term survival was analyzed in 143 ESCC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CCK8 assay was used to examine the effect of cisplatin in a panel of four ESCC cell lines. A stable cell strain with HOXB7 knockdown of KYSE150 and KYSE450 was established to explore the effect on cisplatin sensitivity. The interaction of HOXB7 with Ku70, Ku80 and DNA‐PKcs was determined by GST‐pull down, coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent colocalization. Finally, we investigated whether disrupting HOXB7 function by a synthetic peptide HXR9 blocking the formation of HOXB7/PBX could enhance cisplatin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Results High expression of HOXB7 was associated with cisplatin resistance and worse chemotherapy efficacy. HOXB7 knockdown reinforced cisplatin sensitivity. It was identified that HOXB7 interacts with Ku70, Ku80 and DNA‐PKcs. HOXB7 knockdown was related to the downregulation of Ku70, Ku80 and DNA‐PKcs as well as arrested cell cycle in S phase. HOXB7 inhibition by HXR9 had a synergistic effect to improve cisplatin sensitivity. Conclusion HOXB7 may be a biomarker for the prediction of chemoresistance of ESCC and serves as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wanpu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Paço A, Freitas R. HOX genes as transcriptional and epigenetic regulators during tumorigenesis and their value as therapeutic targets. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1539-1552. [PMID: 31556724 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several HOX genes are aberrantly expressed in a wide range of cancers interfering with their development and resistance to treatment. This seems to be often caused by alterations in the methylation profiles of their promoters. The role of HOX gene products in cancer is highly 'tissue specific', relying ultimately on their ability to regulate oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, directly as transcriptional regulators or indirectly interfering with the levels of epigenetic regulators. Nowadays, different strategies have been tested the use of HOX genes as therapeutic targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we trace the history of the research concerning the involvement of HOX genes in cancer, their connection with epigenetic regulation and their potential use as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paço
- Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada (IIFA), Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Renata Freitas
- I3S - Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Institute for Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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25
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Li H, Wang FL, Li W, Fei YH, Wang YT, Zhang JE, Bi HY, Zhang M. Aberrant expressed long non-coding RNAs in laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:615-625. [PMID: 31128861 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common malignant tumor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The study was aimed to identify key long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) biomarkers for LSCC. METHODS Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between LSCC and adjacent tissues were obtained based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. DElncRNA-DEmRNAs co-expression and DElncRNA-nearby-target DEmRNA interaction networks were constructed. Receiver operating characteristic and survival analysis were performed. A published dataset were as used to validate the result of bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS We obtained 1103 DEmRNAs and 306 DElncRNAs between LSCC and adjacent tissues. A total of 338 DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression pairs and 229 DElncRNA-nearby-target DEmRNA pairs were obtained. Ten DElncRNAs and six DEmRNAs has great diagnostic value for LSCC. HOXB9 has potential prognostic value for LSCC. The results of GSE84957 validation were generally consistent with our results. CONCLUSION Our study provided clues for understanding the mechanism and developing potential biomarkers for LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Fu-Ling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of RenCheng District, Jining, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yong-Hua Fei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-E Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Yun Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong, China.
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Nagy Á, Ősz Á, Budczies J, Krizsán S, Szombath G, Demeter J, Bödör C, Győrffy B. Elevated HOX gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia is associated with NPM1 mutations and poor survival. J Adv Res 2019; 20:105-116. [PMID: 31333881 PMCID: PMC6614546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the most common malignant myeloid disorder in adults. Several gene mutations such as in NPM1 (nucleophosmin 1) are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AML. The aim of this study was to identify genes whose expression is associated with driver mutations and survival outcome. Genotype data (somatic mutations) and gene expression data including RNA-seq, microarray, and qPCR data were used for the analysis. Multiple datasets were utilized as training sets (GSE6891, TCGA, and GSE1159). A new clinical sample cohort (Semmelweis set) was established for in vitro validation. Wilcoxon analysis was used to identify genes with expression alterations between the mutant and wild type samples. Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the association between gene expression and survival outcome. Data analysis was performed in the R statistical environment. Eighty-five genes were identified with significantly altered expression when comparing NPM1 mutant and wild type patient groups in the GSE6891 set. Additional training sets were used as a filter to condense the six most significant genes associated with NPM1 mutations. Then, the expression changes of these six genes were confirmed in the Semmelweis set: HOXA5 (P = 3.06E-12, FC = 8.3), HOXA10 (P = 2.44E-09, FC = 3.3), HOXB5 (P = 1.86E-13, FC = 37), MEIS1 (P = 9.82E-10, FC = 4.4), PBX3 (P = 1.03E-13, FC = 5.4) and ITM2A (P = 0.004, FC = 0.4). Cox regression analysis showed that higher expression of these genes - with the exception of ITM2A - was associated with worse overall survival. Higher expression of the HOX genes was identified in tumors harboring NPM1 gene mutations by computationally linking genotype and gene expression. In vitro validation of these genes supports their potential therapeutic application in AML.
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Key Words
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Clinical samples
- FAB classification, French–American–British classification
- FC, fold change
- Gene expression
- HOX genes
- HOX, homeobox
- HR, hazard ratio
- ITD, internal tandem duplication
- MEIS, myeloid ecotropic viral integration site
- Mutation
- NCBI GEO, National Center for Biotechnology Gene expression Omnibus
- OS, overall survival
- PBX, pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox
- Survival
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- WHO, World Health Organization
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Nagy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Ősz
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Szilvia Krizsán
- MTA-SE Lendület Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology, and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szombath
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Demeter
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- MTA-SE Lendület Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology, and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Paralogous HOX13 Genes in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050699. [PMID: 31137568 PMCID: PMC6562813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox genes (HOX in humans), an evolutionary preserved gene family, are key determinants of embryonic development and cell memory gene program. Hox genes are organized in four clusters on four chromosomal loci aligned in 13 paralogous groups based on sequence homology (Hox gene network). During development Hox genes are transcribed, according to the rule of “spatio-temporal collinearity”, with early regulators of anterior body regions located at the 3’ end of each Hox cluster and the later regulators of posterior body regions placed at the distal 5’ end. The onset of 3’ Hox gene activation is determined by Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling, whereas 5’ Hox activation is due to paralogous group 13 genes, which act as posterior-inhibitors of more anterior Hox proteins (posterior prevalence). Deregulation of HOX genes is associated with developmental abnormalities and different human diseases. Paralogous HOX13 genes (HOX A13, HOX B13, HOX C13 and HOX D13) also play a relevant role in tumor development and progression. In this review, we will discuss the role of paralogous HOX13 genes regarding their regulatory mechanisms during carcinogenesis and tumor progression and their use as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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28
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Shen LY, Zhou T, Du YB, Shi Q, Chen KN. Targeting HOX/PBX dimer formation as a potential therapeutic option in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1735-1745. [PMID: 30844117 PMCID: PMC6501045 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes are known to be classic examples of the intimate relationship between embryogenesis and tumorigenesis, which are a family of transcriptional factors involved in determining cell identity during early development, and also dysregulated in many malignancies. Previously, HOXB7, HOXC6 and HOXC8 were found abnormally upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues compared with normal mucosa and seen as poor prognostic predictors for ESCC patients, and were shown to promote cell proliferation and anti‐apoptosis in ESCC cells. These three HOX members have a high level of functional redundancy, making it difficult to target a single HOX gene. The aim of the present study was to explore whether ESCC cells are sensitive to HXR9 disrupting the interaction between multiple HOX proteins and their cofactor PBX, which is required for HOX functions. ESCC cell lines (KYSE70, KYSE150, KYSE450) were treated with HXR9 or CXR9, and coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent colocalization were carried out to observe HOX/PBX dimer formation. To further investigate whether HXR9 disrupts the HOX pro‐oncogenic function, CCK‐8 assay and colony formation assay were carried out. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, and tumor growth in vivo was investigated in a xenograft model. RNA‐seq was used to study the transcriptome of HXR9‐treated cells. Results showed that HXR9 blocked HOX/PBX interaction, leading to subsequent transcription alteration of their potential target genes, which are involved in JAK‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation and apoptosis inducement. Meanwhile, HXR9 showed an antitumor phenotype, such as inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell apoptosis and significantly retarding tumor growth. Therefore, it is suggested that targeting HOX/PBX may be a novel effective treatment for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Bing Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Neng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Navarro A, Moises J, Santasusagna S, Marrades RM, Viñolas N, Castellano JJ, Canals J, Muñoz C, Ramírez J, Molins L, Monzo M. Clinical significance of long non-coding RNA HOTTIP in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:55. [PMID: 30819158 PMCID: PMC6393998 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HOTTIP, a long non-coding RNA located in the HOXA cluster, plays a role in the patterning of tissues with mesodermal components, including the lung. Overexpression of HOXA genes, including HOTTIP, has been associated with a more aggressive phenotype in several cancers. However, the prognostic impact of HOTTIP has not yet been explored in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We have correlated HOTTIP expression with time to relapse (TTR) and overall survival (OS) in early-stage NSCLC patients. Methods Ninety-nine early-stage NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection in our center from June 2007 to November 2013 were included in the study. Mean age was 66; 77.8% were males; 73.7% had stage I disease; and 55.5% had adenocarcinoma. A validation data set comprised stage I-II patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network. Results HOTTIP was expressed in all tumor samples and was overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.007) and in smokers (p = 0.018). Patients with high levels of HOTTIP had shorter TTR (78.3 vs 58 months; p = 0.048) and shorter OS (81.2 vs 61 months; p = 0.023) than those with low levels. In the multivariate analysis, HOTTIP emerged as an independent prognostic marker for TTR (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1–4.2; p = 0.05), and for OS (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.04–5.1; p = 0.04). HOTTIP was validated as a prognostic marker for OS in the TCGA adenocarcinoma cohort (p = 0.025). Moreover, we identified a 1203-mRNA and a 61-miRNA signature that correlated with HOTTIP expression. Conclusions The lncRNA HOTTIP can be considered a prognostic biomarker in early-stage NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-019-0816-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Navarro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Moises
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clínic de Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Santasusagna
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Marrades
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clínic de Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Viñolas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Clínic Malalties Hemato-Oncològiques (ICMHO), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J Castellano
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Canals
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ramírez
- Department of Pathology, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laureano Molins
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institut Clínic de Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Monzo
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Lee LYW, Mohammad S, Starkey T, Lee SM. STAT3 cyclic oligonucleotide decoy-a new therapeutic avenue for NSCLC? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:S381-S384. [PMID: 30705862 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lennard Y W Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Summaya Mohammad
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Starkey
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Siow-Ming Lee
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.,Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
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31
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Role of HOX Genes in Stem Cell Differentiation and Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3569493. [PMID: 30154863 PMCID: PMC6081605 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3569493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HOX genes encode an evolutionarily conserved set of transcription factors that control how the phenotype of an organism becomes organized during development based on its genetic makeup. For example, in bilaterian-type animals, HOX genes are organized in gene clusters that encode anatomic segment identity, that is, whether the embryo will form with bilateral symmetry with a head (anterior), tail (posterior), back (dorsal), and belly (ventral). Although HOX genes are known to regulate stem cell (SC) differentiation and HOX genes are dysregulated in cancer, the mechanisms by which dysregulation of HOX genes in SCs causes cancer development is not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript was (i) to review the role of HOX genes in SC differentiation, particularly in embryonic, adult tissue-specific, and induced pluripotent SC, and (ii) to investigate how dysregulated HOX genes in SCs are responsible for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed HOX gene expression in CRC and AML using information from The Cancer Genome Atlas study. Finally, we reviewed the literature on HOX genes and related therapeutics that might help us understand ways to develop SC-specific therapies that target aberrant HOX gene expression that contributes to cancer development.
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32
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Platais C, Radhakrishnan R, Ebensberger SN, Morgan R, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. Targeting HOX-PBX interactions causes death in oral potentially malignant and squamous carcinoma cells but not normal oral keratinocytes. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:723. [PMID: 29980182 PMCID: PMC6035449 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High HOX gene expression has been described in many cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma and the functional roles of these genes are gradually being understood. The pattern of overexpression suggests that inhibition may be useful therapeutically. Inhibition of HOX protein binding to PBX cofactors by the use of synthetic peptides, such as HXR9, results in apoptosis in multiple cancers. METHODS Activity of the HOX-PBX inhibiting peptide HXR9 was tested in immortalised normal oral (NOK), potentially-malignant (PMOL) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, compared to the inactive peptide CXR9. Cytotoxicity was assessed by LDH assay. Expression of PBX1/2 and c-Fos was assessed by qPCR and western blotting. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V assay. RESULTS PMOL and OSCC cells expressed PBX1/2. HOX-PBX inhibition by HXR9 caused death of PMOL and OSCC cells, but not NOKs. HXR9 treatment resulted in apoptosis and increased expression of c-Fos in some cells, whereas CXR9 did not. A correlation was observed between HOX expression and resistance to HXR9. CONCLUSION Inhibition of HOX-PBX interactions causes selective apoptosis of OSCC/PMOL, indicating selective toxicity that may be useful clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Platais
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sven Niklander Ebensberger
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, av. Valparaiso, 1560 Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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33
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Li S, Zhang W, Wu C, Gao H, Yu J, Wang X, Li B, Jun Z, Zhang W, Zhou P, Shi J, Wang L, Gao Y, Li S, Tao B. HOXC10 promotes proliferation and invasion and induces immunosuppressive gene expression in glioma. FEBS J 2018; 285:2278-2291. [PMID: 29676849 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with malignant glioma is very poor and thus the identification of new potential therapeutic targets is critically important. In this work, we report a previously unknown role for the homeobox transcription factor HOXC10 in regulating immunosuppressive gene expression in glioma cell lines and their proliferative and invasive capacities. Although HOXC10 expression is dysregulated in several types of tumors, its potential function in glioma was not known. We found that HOXC10 expression was upregulated in glioma compared with normal tissue, and that HOXC10 expression positively associated with high grading of glioma. In three independent datasets (REMBRANDT glioma, The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma multiforme and GSE4412), HOXC10 upregulation was associated with short overall survival. In two glioma cell lines, HOXC10 knock-down inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. In addition, HOXC10 knock-down suppressed the expression of genes that are involved in tumor immunosuppression, including those for transforming growth factor-β 2, PD-L2, CCL2 and TDO2. A ChIP assay showed that HOXC10 directly bound to the PD-L2 and TDO2 promoter regions. In summary, our results suggest that HOXC10 upregulation in glioma promotes an aggressive phenotype and induces immunosuppressive gene expression, supporting further investigation of the potential of HOXC10 as a therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Hongliang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zhong Jun
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wenchaun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Juanhong Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yunxing Gao
- Department of Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
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34
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Cheng S, Qian F, Huang Q, Wei L, Fu Y, Du Y. HOXA4, down-regulated in lung cancer, inhibits the growth, motility and invasion of lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:465. [PMID: 29700285 PMCID: PMC5919915 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of HOXA4 in colorectal cancer and epithelial ovarian cancer has been reported. Although it has been reported that the Hoxa4 gene is involved in the patterning of the mouse lung during embryonic development, little is known about the biological functions of HOXA4 in lung cancer. In the current study, HOXA4 expression was down-regulated in lung cancer tissues when compared with non-cancerous tissues. HOXA4 expression was associated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that HOXA4 expression was negatively correlated with cell cycle, metastasis, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, HOXA4 overexpression in lung cancer cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. HOXA4 decreased the protein expression levels of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, c-Myc and Survivin, indicating the inhibition of Wnt signaling. HOXA4 significantly increased the protein and mRNA levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) by promoting its transcription. Furthermore, inhibition of GSK3β by LiCl abolished the suppression of cell growth, migration, and invasion mediated by HOXA4. Overexpression of HOXA4 in xenograft tumors also decreased tumor growth and Wnt signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that HOXA4 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in lung cancer, and its overexpression could inhibit lung cancer progression in part by promoting GSK3β transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Cheng
- Department of Thoracic-cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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35
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Gandhi NS, Blancafort P, Mancera RL. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of bioactive engrailed 1 interference peptides (EN1-iPeps). Oncotarget 2018; 9:22383-22397. [PMID: 29854286 PMCID: PMC5976472 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural-specific transcription factor Engrailed 1 - is overexpressed in basal-like breast tumours. Synthetic interference peptides - comprising a cell-penetrating peptide/nuclear localisation sequence and the Engrailed 1-specific sequence from the N-terminus have been engineered to produce a strong apoptotic response in tumour cells overexpressing EN1, with no toxicity to normal or non Engrailed 1-expressing cells. Here scaled molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the conformational dynamics of these interference peptides in aqueous solution to characterise their structure and dynamics. Transitions from disordered to α-helical conformation, stabilised by hydrogen bonds and proline-aromatic interactions, were observed throughout the simulations. The backbone of the wild-type peptide folds to a similar conformation as that found in ternary complexes of anterior Hox proteins with conserved hexapeptide motifs important for recognition of pre-B-cell leukemia Homeobox 1, indicating that the motif may possess an intrinsic preference for helical structure. The predicted NMR chemical shifts of these peptides are consistent with the Hox hexapeptides in solution and Engrailed 2 NMR data. These findings highlight the importance of aromatic residues in determining the structure of Engrailed 1 interference peptides, shedding light on the rational design strategy of molecules that could be adopted to inhibit other transcription factors overexpressed in other cancer types, potentially including other transcription factor families that require highly conserved and cooperative protein-protein partnerships for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Gandhi
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ricardo L Mancera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia
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36
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He C, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yang L, Li J, Chen X, Zhang J, Chang Q, Yu Y, Liu B, Zhu Z. A hydrophobic residue in the TALE homeodomain of PBX1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of gastric carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46818-46833. [PMID: 28514754 PMCID: PMC5564525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1 (PBX1) was originally identified as a proto-oncogene in human leukemia. Although this protein has been shown to contribute to cellular development and tumorigenesis, the role of PBX1 in gastric carcinoma (GC) remains unclear. In this study, we observed increased expression of PBX1 in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. This increase in PBX1 expression levels negatively correlated with HOXB9 mRNA expression and was also associated with malignancy and metastasis. PBX1 promoted proliferation and metastasis of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. These phenomena were also accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, we observed that PBX1 promotes the expression of tumor growth and angiogenic factors. A structural model of the PBX1-HOX complex revealed that hydrophobic binding between PBX1 and the hexapeptide motif might be required for EMT induction. This analysis also demonstrated that the Phe252 residue in the first helix of the TALE homeodomain is involved in the latter hydrophobic binding reaction. In vitro data from PBX1 mutants suggest that PBX1 cannot promote tumorigenesis of GC cells via EMT induction when Phe252 residues lose hydrophobicity. It is likely that the presence of this residue is essential in facilitating hydrophobic binding with the hexapeptide motif. These findings suggest that PBX1 may be a potential target for GC treatment and this study provides a platform to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underpin the role of PBX1 in GC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Morgan R, El-Tanani M, Hunter KD, Harrington KJ, Pandha HS. Targeting HOX/PBX dimers in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32322-32331. [PMID: 28423659 PMCID: PMC5458287 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOX and PBX gene families encode transcription factors that have key roles in establishing the identity of cells and tissues in early development. Over the last 20 years it has become apparent that they are also dysregulated in a wide range of solid and haematological malignancies and have a predominantly pro-oncogenic function. A key mode of transcriptional regulation by HOX and PBX proteins is through their interaction as a heterodimer or larger complex that enhances their binding affinity and specificity for DNA, and there is growing evidence that this interaction is a potential therapeutic target in malignancies that include prostate, breast, renal, ovarian and lung cancer, melanoma, myeloma, and acute myeloid leukaemia. This review summarizes the roles of HOX and PBX genes in cancer and assesses the therapeutic potential of HOX/PBX dimer inhibition, including the availability of biomarkers for its application in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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38
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Han Y, Song C, Wang J, Tang H, Peng Z, Lu S. HOXA13 contributes to gastric carcinogenesis through DHRS2 interacting with MDM2 and confers 5-FU resistance by a p53-dependent pathway. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:722-734. [PMID: 29436749 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
5-FU-based chemotherapy is recently most recommended as the first-line treatment for gastric cancer (GC). However, 5-FU resistance is common for many postoperative GC patients. Homeobox A13 (HOXA13) is a member of homeobox genes highly expressed in many human tumors. Its potential roles and mechanisms of resistance to 5-FU in GC are poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that HOXA13 played an oncogenic role in vivo and in vitro. The patients with HOXA13 overexpression were closely related with poor prognosis and more prone to be resistant to 5-FU. Moreover, dehydrogenase/reductase 2 (DHRS2) was identified as a downstream gene of HOXA13. HOXA13 played a role of carcinogenesis through directly down-regulating DHRS2 to increase MDM2. Furthermore, HOXA13 conferred 5-FU resistance through MRP1 by a p53-dependent pathway. Therefore, HOXA13 might serve as a potential signature that recognized patients who were insensitive to 5-FU, and timely recommended them to other chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlong Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Inamoto I, Shin JA. Peptide therapeutics that directly target transcription factors. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Inamoto
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road; Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6 Canada
| | - Jumi A. Shin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road; Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6 Canada
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40
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Zhang X, Liu G, Ding L, Jiang T, Shao S, Gao Y, Lu Y. HOXA3 promotes tumor growth of human colon cancer through activating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2864-2874. [PMID: 29073728 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox A3 (HOXA3), one of HOX transcription factors, regulates gene expression during embryonic development. HOXA3 expression has been reported to be associated with several cancers; however, its role in colon cancer and underlying mechanism are still unclear. The expression of HOXA3 in 232 paired of human colon tumor and adjacent non-tumorous tissues were measured by qPCR. The relationship between HOXA3 expression and clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves analysis. Human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HTC116 were transfected with HOXA3 siRNA, or HOXA3 expressing vector, and then cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Moreover, HOXA3-overexpressing and HOXA3-suppressing HT29 cells were subcutaneous injected into nod mice to confirm the regulation of HOXA3 on EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in regulating tumor growth. HOXA3 was upregulated in colon tumor tissues and cell lines, and upregulated expression of HOXA3 was associated with low survival rate. Knockdown of HOXA3 suppressed cell viability and clone formation, while induced cell apoptosis. HOXA3 knockdown could not induce the increase of cell apoptosis on the condition of EGFR overexpression. In vivo xenograft studies, HOXA3-suppressing cells showed less tumorigenic. Moreover, HOXA3 knockdown suppressed the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. To conclude, this study indicated that HOXA3 might act as a promoter of human colon cancer formation by regulating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. HOXA3 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Outpatient, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Office of Medical Safety Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihong Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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41
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Ooki A, Maleki Z, Tsay JCJ, Goparaju C, Brait M, Turaga N, Nam HS, Rom WN, Pass HI, Sidransky D, Guerrero-Preston R, Hoque MO. A Panel of Novel Detection and Prognostic Methylated DNA Markers in Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Serum DNA. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7141-7152. [PMID: 28855354 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To establish a novel panel of cancer-specific methylated genes for cancer detection and prognostic stratification of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Experimental Design: Identification of differentially methylated regions (DMR) was performed with bumphunter on "The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)" dataset, and clinical utility was assessed using quantitative methylation-specific PCR assay in multiple sets of primary NSCLC and body fluids that included serum, pleural effusion, and ascites samples.Results: A methylation panel of 6 genes (CDO1, HOXA9, AJAP1, PTGDR, UNCX, and MARCH11) was selected from TCGA dataset. Promoter methylation of the gene panel was detected in 92.2% (83/90) of the training cohort with a specificity of 72.0% (18/25) and in 93.0% (40/43) of an independent cohort of stage IA primary NSCLC. In serum samples from the later 43 stage IA subjects and population-matched 42 control subjects, the gene panel yielded a sensitivity of 72.1% (31/41) and specificity of 71.4% (30/42). Similar diagnostic accuracy was observed in pleural effusion and ascites samples. A prognostic risk category based on the methylation status of CDO1, HOXA9, PTGDR, and AJAP1 refined the risk stratification for outcomes as an independent prognostic factor for an early-stage disease. Moreover, the paralog group for HOXA9, predominantly overexpressed in subjects with HOXA9 methylation, showed poor outcomes.Conclusions: Promoter methylation of a panel of 6 genes has potential for use as a biomarker for early cancer detection and to predict prognosis at the time of diagnosis. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 7141-52. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jun-Chieh J Tsay
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chandra Goparaju
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mariana Brait
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nitesh Turaga
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hae-Seong Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - William N Rom
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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42
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Alharbi RA, Pandha HS, Simpson GR, Pettengell R, Poterlowicz K, Thompson A, Harrington K, El-Tanani M, Morgan R. Inhibition of HOX/PBX dimer formation leads to necroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89566-89579. [PMID: 29163771 PMCID: PMC5685692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOX genes encode a family of transcription factors that have key roles in both development and malignancy. Disrupting the interaction between HOX proteins and their binding partner, PBX, has been shown to cause apoptotic cell death in a range of solid tumors. However, despite HOX proteins playing a particularly significant role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the relationship between HOX gene expression and patient survival has not been evaluated (with the exception of HOXA9), and the mechanism by which HOX/PBX inhibition induces cell death in this malignancy is not well understood. In this study, we show that the expression of HOXA5, HOXB2, HOXB4, HOXB9, and HOXC9, but not HOXA9, in primary AML samples is significantly related to survival. Furthermore, the previously described inhibitor of HOX/PBX dimerization, HXR9, is cytotoxic to both AML-derived cell lines and primary AML cells from patients. The mechanism of cell death is not dependent on apoptosis but instead involves a regulated form of necrosis referred to as necroptosis. HXR9-induced necroptosis is enhanced by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, and HXR9 combined with the PKC inhibitor Ro31 causes a significantly greater reduction in tumor growth compared to either reagent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed A Alharbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Guy R Simpson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander Thompson
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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43
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Tang XL, Ding BX, Hua Y, Chen H, Wu T, Chen ZQ, Yuan CH. HOXC10 Promotes the Metastasis of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma and Indicates Poor Survival Outcome. Front Physiol 2017; 8:557. [PMID: 28824453 PMCID: PMC5539290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As master regulator of embryonic morphogenesis, homeodomain-containing gene 10 (HOXC10) has been found to promote progression of human cancers and indicates poor survival outcome. However, the role of HOXC10 in lung adenocarcinoma still unclear. Methods: HOXC10 expression was evaluated in 63 primary lung adenocarcinoma tissues from our local hospital, and further systematically confirmed in lung cancer tissues from six GEO datasets (GSE19188, GSE31210, GSE10072, GSE7670, GSE32863, GSE30219), and Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The role of HOXC10 in lung cancer metastasis was further validated by cellular and molecular studies. Results: The expression of HOXC10 was significantly increased in human lung adenocarcinoma samples from Wuhu No.2 People's Hospital, about 4.219 times compared with normal tissues, and significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymph node, and distal metastasis. Upregulation of HOXC10 indicated a poor overall/relapse free survival of lung cancer patients from Wuhu No.2 People's Hospital, GEO datasets, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database, especially in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Knockdown or ectopic expression assays confirmed that HOXC10 enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K, regulated the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers: MMP2/9, VCAM-1, vimentin and E-cadherin. Cellular study further confirmed that HOXC10 was required for migration, invasion and adhesion of lung cancer cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HOXC10 plays a pivotal role in the metastasis of human lung cancer and highlight its usefulness as a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target in human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Tang
- Department of Laboratory and Nuclear Medicine, People's HospitalAnhui, China
| | - Bang-Xian Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Chemical and Biological Engineer, Vocational and Technical College of FuyangAnhui, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Laboratory and Nuclear Medicine, People's HospitalAnhui, China
| | - Zhang-Quan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostic of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan, China
| | - Chun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
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44
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HOXB9 Expression Correlates with Histological Grade and Prognosis in LSCC. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3680305. [PMID: 28808656 PMCID: PMC5541786 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3680305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the HOX gene expression profile in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and assess whether some genes are associated with the clinicopathological features and prognosis in LSCC patients. The HOX gene levels were tested by microarray and validated by qRT-PCR in paired cancerous and adjacent noncancerous LSCC tissue samples. The microarray testing data of 39 HOX genes revealed 15 HOX genes that were at least 2-fold upregulated and 2 that were downregulated. After qRT-PCR evaluation, the three most upregulated genes (HOXB9, HOXB13, and HOXD13) were selected for tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. The correlations between the HOXB9, HOXB13, and HOXD13 expression levels and both clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Three HOX gene expression levels were markedly increased in LSCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). HOXB9 was found to correlate with histological grade (P < 0.01) and prognosis (P < 0.01) in LSCC. In conclusion, this study revealed that HOXB9, HOXB13, and HOXD13 were upregulated and may play important roles in LSCC. Moreover, HOXB9 may serve as a novel marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in LSCC patients.
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45
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Settu K, Liu JT, Chen CJ, Tsai JZ. Development of carbon-graphene-based aptamer biosensor for EN2 protein detection. Anal Biochem 2017; 534:99-107. [PMID: 28709900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a screen-printed carbon-graphene-based electrochemical biosensor for EN2 protein detection. The engrailed-2 (EN2) protein, a biomarker for prostate cancer, is known to be a strong binder to a specific DNA sequence (5'-TAATTA-3') to regulate transcription. To take advantage of this intrinsic property, aptamer probes with TAATTA sequence was immobilized onto the screen-printed carbon-graphene electrode surface via EDC-NHS coupling approach. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the electrochemical measurement technique was employed for the quantitative detection of EN2 protein. The hindrance to the redox reaction of potassium ferricyanide on the biosensor surface due to the binding of the immobilized aptamer with its target EN2 protein quantified the protein concentration. Under optimum conditions, the aptamer biosensor can detect EN2 protein over a linear range from 35 to 185 nM with a detection limit of 38.5 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Settu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University, Sanxia, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-electronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jang-Zern Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan.
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46
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Jäger D, Barth TFE, Brüderlein S, Scheuerle A, Rinner B, von Witzleben A, Lechel A, Meyer P, Mayer-Steinacker R, Baer AV, Schultheiss M, Wirtz CR, Möller P, Mellert K. HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA10 are differentially expressed in clival and sacral chordomas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2032. [PMID: 28515451 PMCID: PMC5435709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare tumours of the bone arising along the spine from clivus to sacrum. We compared three chordoma cell lines of the clivus region including the newly established clivus chordoma cell line, U-CH14, with nine chordoma cell lines originating from sacral primaries by morphology, on genomic and expression levels and with patient samples from our chordoma tissue bank. Clinically, chordomas of the clivus were generally smaller in size at presentation and patients with sacral chordomas had more metastases and more often recurrent disease. All chordoma cell lines had a typical physaliphorous morphology and expressed brachyury, S100-protein and cytokeratin. By expression analyses we detected differentially expressed genes in the clivus derived cell lines as compared to the sacral cell lines. Among these were HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA10 known to be important for the development of the anterior-posterior body axis. These results were confirmed by qPCR. Immunohistologically, clivus chordomas had no or very low levels of HOXA10 protein while sacral chordomas showed a strong nuclear positivity in all samples analysed. This differential expression of HOX genes in chordomas of the clivus and sacrum suggests an oncofetal mechanism in gene regulation linked to the anatomic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jäger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Kevin Mellert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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47
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Han Y, Zhao Q, Zhou J, Shi R. miR-429 mediates tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:218-233. [PMID: 28337372 PMCID: PMC5336497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), presenting the third most common malignancy worldwide. In recent years, the aberrantly upregulation or downregulation of miRNAs in CRC have been evidenced in a number of studies. In this study, our results showed that the expression of miR-429 was significantly higher in CRC tissue compared with adjacent non-tumor tissue. In addition, our findings showed that miR-429 level was significantly associated with clinicoplathological features and prognosis of patients with CRC. Moreover, our findings showed that miR-429 exerted oncogenic effect by directly targeting HOXA5, a transcription factor of HOX families that is involved in the development and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Han
- Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Qingdao University Affiliated HospitalQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Qingdao University Affiliated HospitalQingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Qingdao Hiser Medical CenterQingdao 266033, Shandong, China
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48
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Wang S, Li C, Wang W, Xing C. PBX3 promotes gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3485-3491. [PMID: 27900025 PMCID: PMC5103973 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of pre-leukemia transcription factor 3 (PBX3) in tumors plays an important role in invasion, metastasis and proliferation in a variety of human cancer types. Tumor metastasis and angiogenesis significantly contribute to the progression of cancer and create challenges for cancer therapy. In the present study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that PBX3 was upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and Transwell assay revealed that the overexpression of PBX3 promoted GC invasion and metastasis in vitro. In addition, a nude mouse xenograft model was established, which demonstrated that PBX3 promoted peritoneal metastases in vivo. Furthermore, the overexpression of PBX3 in GC promoted the tubular formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Western blot analysis revealed that overexpressed PBX3 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC, as measured by increases in the EMT protein markers N-cadherin and vimentin, while E-cadherin expression was reduced in PBX3-overexpressing GC cells. Contrasting results were observed in PBX3-knockdown GC cells. Additionally, the overexpression of PBX3 increased the levels of phosphorylated AKT (Ser473), which is involved in the progression of a variety of human cancers. Gelatin zymography assay demonstrated that the overexpression of PBX3 also elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in GC, which was closely associated with tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that PBX3 enhances invasion and metastasis in GC by promoting EMT, possibly via the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanhu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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49
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Chang Q, Zhang L, He C, Zhang B, Zhang J, Liu B, Zeng N, Zhu Z. HOXB9 induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in gastric carcinoma is negatively regulated by its hexapeptide motif. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42838-53. [PMID: 26536658 PMCID: PMC4767475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HOXB9, a transcription factor, plays an important role in development. While HOXB9 has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis, its mechanisms are variable and its role in gastric carcinoma (GC) remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the expression of HOXB9 decreased in gastric carcinoma and was associated with malignancy and metastasis. Re-expression of HOXB9 in gastric cell lines resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which was accompanied by the induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Comparative sequence analysis and examination of a HOXB9 structural model indicated that three sites might possibly be involved in MET regulation. The in vitro study of HOXB9 mutants showed that these were unable to inhibit MET induction. However, when overexpressing a HOXB9 mutant lacking the hexapeptide motif, a more potent MET induction and tumor suppression was observed compared to that of the wild-type, indicating that the presence of the hexapeptide motif reduced HOXB9 MET induction and tumor suppression activity. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that HOXB9 is a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma, and its activity was controlled by different regulatory mechanisms such as the hexapeptide motif as a "brake" in this case. The results of these regulatory effects could lead to either oncogenic or tumor suppressive roles of HOXB9, depending on the context of the particular type of cancer involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Current Address: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Changyu He
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baogui Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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50
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Conway C, Graham JL, Chengot P, Daly C, Chalkley R, Ross L, Droop A, Rabbitts P, Stead LF. Elucidating drivers of oral epithelial dysplasia formation and malignant transformation to cancer using RNAseq. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40186-201. [PMID: 26515596 PMCID: PMC4741888 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent cancer with poor prognosis. Most OSCC progresses via a non-malignant stage called dysplasia. Effective treatment of dysplasia prior to potential malignant transformation is an unmet clinical need. To identify markers of early disease, we performed RNA sequencing of 19 matched HPV negative patient trios: normal oral mucosa, dysplasia and associated OSCC. We performed differential gene expression, principal component and correlated gene network analysis using these data. We found differences in the immune cell signatures present at different disease stages and were able to distinguish early events in pathogenesis, such as upregulation of many HOX genes, from later events, such as down-regulation of adherens junctions. We herein highlight novel coding and non-coding candidates for involvement in oral dysplasia development and malignant transformation, and speculate on how our findings may guide further translational research into the treatment of oral dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Conway
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.,Stratified Medicine (Oncology), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Jennifer L Graham
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Preetha Chengot
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Catherine Daly
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Rebecca Chalkley
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Lisa Ross
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alastair Droop
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pamela Rabbitts
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Lucy F Stead
- Precancer Genomics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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