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Zhao J, Miao G, Wang T, Li J, Xie L. Urantide attenuates myocardial damage in atherosclerotic rats by regulating the MAPK signalling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 262:118551. [PMID: 33038370 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of urantide on atherosclerotic myocardial injury by antagonizing the urotensin II/urotensin II receptor (UII/UT) system and regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. METHODS Atherosclerosis (AS) was established in rats by administering a high-fat diet and an intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3. The effect of treatment with urantide (30 μg/kg), a UII receptor antagonist, for 3, 7, or 14 days on AS-induced myocardial damage was evaluated. RESULTS The heart of rats with AS exhibited pathological changes suggestive of myocardial injury, and the serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased. Additionally, significant increases in the levels of UII, its receptor (G protein-coupled receptor 14, GPR14), p-P38, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were observed in the heart. Urantide improved pathological changes in the heart of rats with AS and reduced the serum CK and LDH levels. Additionally, the UII antagonist decreased the increased levels of UII, GPR14, p-P38, p-ERK and p-JNK in the heart. CONCLUSIONS Urantide alleviates atherosclerotic myocardial injury by inhibiting the UII-GPR14 interaction and regulating the MAPK signalling pathway. We hypothesized that myocardial injury may be associated with the regulation of the MAPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Guangxin Miao
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Tu Wang
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Jian Li
- Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China.
| | - Lide Xie
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China.
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Urotensin-II-Targeted Liposomes as a New Drug Delivery System towards Prostate and Colon Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:9293560. [PMID: 31929800 PMCID: PMC6942863 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9293560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin-II (UT-II) and its receptor (UTR) are involved in the occurrence of different epithelial cancers. In particular, UTR was found overexpressed on colon, bladder, and prostate cancer cells. The conjugation of ligands, able to specifically bind receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells, to liposome surface represents an efficient active targeting strategy to enhance selectivity and efficiency of drug delivery systems. The aim of this study was to develop liposomes conjugated with UT-II (LipoUT) for efficient targeting of cancer cells that overexpress UTR. The liposomes had a mean diameter between 150 nm and 160 nm with a narrow size distribution (PI ≤ 0.1) and a doxo encapsulation efficiency of 96%. Moreover, the conjugation of UT-II to liposomes weakly reduced the zeta potential. We evaluated UTR expression on prostate (DU145, PC3, and LNCaP) and colon (WIDR and LoVo) cancer cells by FACS and western blotting analysis. UTR protein was expressed in all the tested cell lines; the level of expression was higher in WIDR, PC3, and LNCaP cells compared with LoVo and DU145. MTT cell viability assay showed that LipoUT-doxo was more active than Lipo-doxo on the growth inhibition of cells that overexpressed UTR (PC3, LNCaP, and WIDR) while in LoVo and DU145 cell lines, the activity was similar to or lower than that one of Lipo-doxo, respectively. Moreover, we found that cell uptake of Bodipy-labeled liposomes in PC3 and DU145 was higher for LipoUT than the not-armed counterparts but at higher extent in UTR overexpressing PC3 cells (about 2-fold higher), as evaluated by both confocal and FACS. In conclusion, the encapsulation of doxo in UT-II-targeted liposomes potentiated its delivery in UTR-overexpressing cells and could represent a new tool for the targeting of prostate and colon cancer.
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Natural and synthetic peptides in the cardiovascular diseases: An update on diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:15-32. [PMID: 30481494 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several peptides play an important role in physiological and pathological conditions into the cardiovascular system. In addition to well-known vasoactive agents such as angiotensin II, endothelin, serotonin or natriuretic peptides, the vasoconstrictor Urotensin-II (Uro-II) and the vasodilators Urocortins (UCNs) and Adrenomedullin (AM) have been implicated in the control of vascular tone and blood pressure as well as in cardiovascular disease states including congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and pulmonary and systemic hypertension. Therefore these peptides, together with their receptors, become important therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Circulating levels of these agents in the blood are markedly modified in patients with specific CVDs compared with those in healthy patients, becoming also potential biomarkers for these pathologies. This review will provide an overview of current knowledge about the physiological roles of Uro-II, UCN and AM in the cardiovascular system and their implications in cardiovascular diseases. It will further focus on the structural modifications carried out on original peptide sequences in the search of analogues with improved physiochemical properties as well as in the delivery methods. Finally, we have overviewed the possible application of these peptides and/or their precursors as biomarkers of CVDs.
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Merlino F, Brancaccio D, Yousif AM, Piras L, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey I, Santicioli P, Meini S, Maggi CA, Novellino E, Carotenuto A, Grieco P. Structure-Activity Study of the Peptides P5U and Urantide by the Development of Analogues Containing Uncoded Amino Acids at Position 9. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1856-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Ali M. Yousif
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Linda Piras
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Paolo Santicioli
- Department of Pharmacology; Menarini Ricerche; via Rismondo 12A 50131 Florence Italy
| | - Stefania Meini
- Department of Pharmacology; Menarini Ricerche; via Rismondo 12A 50131 Florence Italy
| | - Carlo A. Maggi
- Department of Pharmacology; Menarini Ricerche; via Rismondo 12A 50131 Florence Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples “Federico II”; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi (CIRPEB); University of Naples “Federico II” and DFM-Scarl; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR; Via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Naples Italy
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Vaudry H, Leprince J, Chatenet D, Fournier A, Lambert DG, Le Mével JC, Ohlstein EH, Schwertani A, Tostivint H, Vaudry D. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCII. Urotensin II, urotensin II-related peptide, and their receptor: from structure to function. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:214-58. [PMID: 25535277 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a cyclic neuropeptide that was first isolated from the urophysis of teleost fish on the basis of its ability to contract the hindgut. Subsequently, UII was characterized in tetrapods including humans. Phylogenetic studies and synteny analysis indicate that UII and its paralogous peptide urotensin II-related peptide (URP) belong to the somatostatin/cortistatin superfamily. In mammals, the UII and URP genes are primarily expressed in cholinergic neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. UII and URP mRNAs are also present in various organs notably in the cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine systems. UII and URP activate a common G protein-coupled receptor, called UT, that exhibits relatively high sequence identity with somatostatin, opioid, and galanin receptors. The UT gene is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues including the retina, heart, vascular bed, lung, kidney, adrenal medulla, and skeletal muscle. Structure-activity relationship studies and NMR conformational analysis have led to the rational design of a number of peptidic and nonpeptidic UT agonists and antagonists. Consistent with the wide distribution of UT, UII has now been shown to exert a large array of biologic activities, in particular in the CNS, the cardiovascular system, and the kidney. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning the pleiotropic actions of UII and discusses the possible use of antagonists for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Vaudry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - David Chatenet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Alain Fournier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - David G Lambert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Jean-Claude Le Mével
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Eliot H Ohlstein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
| | - David Vaudry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U982, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.V.); Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada (D.C., A.F.); International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (H.V., J.L., D.C., A.F., D.V.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom (D.G.L.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France (J.-C.L.M.); AltheRx Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania (E.H.O.); Division of Cardiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada (A.S.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (H.T.)
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Brailoiu GC, Deliu E, Rabinowitz JE, Tilley DG, Koch WJ, Brailoiu E. Urotensin II promotes vagal-mediated bradycardia by activating cardiac-projecting parasympathetic neurons of nucleus ambiguus. J Neurochem 2014; 129:628-36. [PMID: 24521102 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (U-II) is a cyclic undecapeptide that regulates cardiovascular function at central and peripheral sites. The functional role of U-II nucleus ambiguus, a key site controlling cardiac tone, has not been established, despite the identification of U-II and its receptor at this level. We report here that U-II produces an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in retrogradely labeled cardiac vagal neurons of nucleus ambiguus via two pathways: (i) Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor; and (ii) Ca(2+) influx through P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels. In addition, U-II depolarizes cultured cardiac parasympathetic neurons. Microinjection of increasing concentrations of U-II into nucleus ambiguus elicits dose-dependent bradycardia in conscious rats, indicating the in vivo activation of the cholinergic pathway controlling the heart rate. Both the in vitro and in vivo effects were abolished by the urotensin receptor antagonist, urantide. Our findings suggest that, in addition, to the previously reported increase in sympathetic outflow, U-II activates cardiac vagal neurons of nucleus ambiguus, which may contribute to cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhao J, Zhang SF, Shi Y, Ren LQ. Effects of urotensin II and its specific receptor antagonist urantide on rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2014; 13:78-83. [PMID: 23725502 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2013.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of urantide, a receptor antagonist of urotensin II (U-II), on the expression of U-II and its receptor GPR14 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells from rat thoracic aorta were cultured by explant method. Subjects in this experiment were divided into eight groups: normal control group (group C), U-II group (group M), positive control group (Flu group) and urantide-treated groups (10⁻¹⁰, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁷ and 10⁻⁶ mol/L). Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro were studied by immunocytochemistry, biochemistry, and flow cytometry. U-II (10⁻⁸ mol/L) promoted the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells at each time point, influenced cell cycle, increased proliferation index and S-phase cell fraction, and dramatically promoted the expression of U-II and GPR14. In the concentration range from 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁶ mol/L, urantide dramatically inhibited the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the protein expression of U-II and GPR14, especially at a concentration of 10⁻⁶ mol/L. U-II, binding with its receptor GPR14, promotes vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration, which can be inhibited by urantide. This study provides an evidence for understanding the effects of U-II and its receptor GPR14 on vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
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Zhao J, Yu QX, Kong W, Gao HC, Sun B, Xie YQ, Ren LQ. The urotensin II receptor antagonist, urantide, protects against atherosclerosis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1765-1769. [PMID: 23837070 PMCID: PMC3702698 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the use of urantide as an antagonist of the urotensin II (UII) receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 14 (GPR14), to protect against atherosclerosis (AS) in rats. The AS rat model was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3 (VD3) into rats fed with a high-fat diet for four weeks. Urantide was then injected into the rats. Immunohistochemical staining, serum biochemical assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to investigate the expression of UII and its receptor GPR14 in the AS rat model. Four weeks after induction, pathological changes typical of AS were observed in the AS rat model. In the plaques of the aortic tunica intima and tunica media, expression of UII and GPR14 was observed. The protein and gene expression levels of UII and GPR14 in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal group (P<0.01). Urantide ameliorated the pathological changes of AS in the rat model and reduced the gene and protein expression levels of UII and GPR14 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). UII is associated with AS and the UII receptor GPR14-specific antagonist, urantide, demonstrates the ability to protect against AS. Thus, this study provides new insight and experimental theories for the clinical application of urantide to treat AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000
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9
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Urotensin-II Ligands: An Overview from Peptide to Nonpeptide Structures. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2013; 2013:979016. [PMID: 23533711 PMCID: PMC3596952 DOI: 10.1155/2013/979016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin-II was originally isolated from the goby urophysis in the 1960s as a vasoactive peptide with a prominent role in cardiovascular homeostasis. The identification of human isoform of urotensin-II and its specific UT receptor by Ames et al. in 1999 led to investigating the putative role of the interaction U-II/UT receptor in multiple pathophysiological effects in humans. Since urotensin-II is widely expressed in several peripheral tissues including cardiovascular system, the design and development of novel urotensin-II analogues can improve knowledge about structure-activity relationships (SAR). In particular, since the modulation of the U-II system offers a great potential for therapeutic strategies related to the treatment of several diseases, like cardiovascular diseases, the research of selective and potent ligands at UT receptor is more fascinating. In this paper, we review the developments of peptide and nonpeptide U-II structures so far developed in order to contribute also to a more rational and detectable design and synthesis of new molecules with high affinity at the UT receptor.
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10
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Camarda V, Calo' G. Chimeric G proteins in fluorimetric calcium assays: experience with opioid receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 937:293-306. [PMID: 23007594 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-086-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High throughput calcium mobilization assays are extensively used for pharmacological characterization of GPCR ligands. These approaches, initially developed for G(q)-coupled receptors, can be extended to G(i) coupled GPCRs using chimeric G proteins. Here we used the Gα(qi5) protein to force the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptor, as well as the classical opioid receptors to signal through the PLC-IP(3)-Ca(2+) pathway in CHO cells. Calcium levels were monitored using the fluorometric imaging plate reader FlexStation II and the Ca(2+) dye Fluo 4 AM. For investigating the pharmacology of the NOP receptor a panel of full and partial agonists and antagonists were assessed, while a small panel of agonists and antagonists was used for evaluating the pharmacological profile of opioid receptors. Some limitations of this assay and differences in the results obtained in comparison with those with G(i) based biochemical assays are described. Overall, the present results confirm that the chimeric G protein strategy is useful for studying the pharmacological activity of G(i) coupled receptor ligands and that the aberrant signaling does not produce any measurable change in the pharmacological profile of the receptor under study. Thus, this G protein strategy is extremely useful for setting up primary screening assays for NOP and classical opioid receptors and likely for other members of the GPCR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Camarda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Hunt BD, Ng LL, Lambert DG. In vitro siRNA-mediated knockdown of the UT receptor: implications of density on the efficacy of a range of UT ligands. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:651-6. [PMID: 22315015 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin-II (U-II) is the peptide agonist for the U-II receptor (UT). Putative UT antagonists, urantide and UFP-803, have been found to have variable efficacy in a range of assays. We have used siRNA-mediated RNA interference to probe the efficacy of these ligands compared to U-II. Knockdown of human UT occurs in the same cellular background with the same coupling machinery allowing relative efficacy to be probed. CHO cells stably expressing 1,110 fmol/mg protein of human UT (CHOhUT) were transfected with s194454, s194455 (UT-targeting), or a negative control siRNA using siPORT amine transfection reagent. After 48 h,silencing was assessed using quantitative PCR in a duplex assay format. Functional consequences of silencing were assessed by measuring [Ca2+]i in Fura-2 loaded cells using the NOVOstar plate reader. Silencing with s194455 was greater than that with s194454 (93.5±2.8% and 73.0±2.5%knockdown of UT mRNA respectively at 10−7 M, p00.006).Both s194455 and s194454 knocked down UT mRNA expression with equal potency (EC50 1.38 and 0.45 nM). The negative control did not affect UT mRNA expression. U-II(10−6M) increased [Ca2+]i 630±69, 402±49 and 190±14nM,urantide (10−6 M) increased [Ca2+]i 408±55, 191±40, and 131±10 nM and UFP-803 (10−6 M) increased [Ca2+]i 134±23, 83±11 and 53±3nM for negative control siRNA, s194454 and s194455, respectively.We have demonstrated silencing of UT mRNA and a reduction of absolute efficacy of three UT ligands. However, we were unable to resolve any changes in relative efficacy for urantide and UFP-803. This is likely to result from a high starting expression and retention of a receptor/coupling reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Hunt
- University Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group) and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management,University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
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12
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Hunt BD, Ng LL, Lambert DG. A rat brain atlas of urotensin-II receptor expression and a review of central urotensin-II effects. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 382:1-31. [PMID: 20422157 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin-II (U-II) is an 11-amino acid cyclic peptide which exerts its actions through a G(q) protein-coupled receptor, UT. Much of the research focus of U-II is as a peptide of the periphery, particularly cardiovascular. Despite this, U-II was originally identified as a neuropeptide, and its expression is broad throughout the central nervous system. This brief review article catalogs the known sites of expression of UT within the CNS in the form of a diagrammatic rat brain atlas. Furthermore, the functional consequences of UT activation within specific brain regions are discussed along with the likely actions of synthetic UT ligands. Areas of high, medium, and low expression include the arcuate, paraventricular, and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei, respectively. In the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei, where expression is high and moderate, U-II produces a pressor/tachycardic response in the former and a weaker response in the latter. Based on the known pharmacology of UT ligands (and assuming density is the primary determinant of efficacy in this case), we predict a weak response in the arcuate nucleus and possible antagonism of endogenous U-II response in the paraventricular nucleus by a low-efficacy partial agonist. These predicted responses lend themselves to relatively simple experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Hunt
- University Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group), Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
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Odagami T, Tsuda Y, Kogami Y, Kouji H, Okada Y. Identification of new agonists of urotensin-II from a cyclic peptide library. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6742-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Batuwangala M, Camarda V, McDonald J, Marzola E, Lambert DG, Ng LL, Calo' G, Regoli D, Trapella C, Guerrini R, Salvadori S. Structure-activity relationship study on Tyr9 of urotensin-II(4-11): identification of a partial agonist of the UT receptor. Peptides 2009; 30:1130-6. [PMID: 19463746 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin-II (U-II) activates the U-II receptor (UT) to modulate a range of biological responses at both central and peripheral sites. Previous studies have demonstrated that the sequence Trp(7)-Lys(8)-Tyr(9) of the cyclic portion of the peptide is crucial for biological activity. Here, we describe a focused structure-activity study of Tyr(9) which has been replaced with a series of non-coded amino acids in the U-II(4-11) template. Thirteen analogs were synthesized and pharmacologically tested for intracellular calcium mobilization in HEK293 cells stably expressing the rat UT receptor. The results of this study demonstrated the following Tyr(9) structure-activity features: (i) the position of the OH group of the side chain is not important for biological activity, (ii) the distance of the phenol moiety from the peptide backbone and its conformational freedom are crucial for UT receptor recognition, (iii) this position is important not only for receptor occupation but also for its activation since the 3,5-diiodoTyr(9) chemical modification generated a potent partial agonist. This pharmacological activity of [3,5-diiodoTyr(9)]U-II(4-11) was confirmed in bioassay experiments performed using the rat thoracic aorta as a U-II sensitive preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madura Batuwangala
- Dept of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Fischetti C, Camarda V, Rizzi A, Pelà M, Trapella C, Guerrini R, McDonald J, Lambert DG, Salvadori S, Regoli D, Calo' G. Pharmacological characterization of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor non peptide antagonist Compound 24. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 614:50-7. [PMID: 19445927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Compound 24, 1-benzyl-N-[3-[spiroisobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidin-1-yl]propyl] pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide was recently identified as a nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor (NOP) ligand. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profiles of Compound 24 were investigated. In vitro studies were performed measuring receptor and [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding and calcium mobilization in cells expressing the recombinant NOP receptor as well as using N/OFQ sensitive tissues. In vivo studies were conducted using the tail withdrawal assay in mice. Compound 24 produced a concentration-dependent displacement of [(3)H]N/OFQ binding to CHO(hNOP) cell membranes showing high affinity (pK(i) 9.62) and selectivity (1000 fold) over classical opioid receptors. Compound 24 antagonized with high potency the following in vitro effects of N/OFQ: stimulation of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding in CHO(hNOP) cell membranes (pA(2) 9.98), calcium mobilization in CHO(hNOP) cells expressing the Galpha(qi5) chimeric protein (pK(B) 8.73), inhibition of electrically evoked twitches in the mouse (pA(2) 8.44) and rat (pK(B) 8.28) vas deferens, and in the guinea pig ileum (pK(B) 9.12). In electrically stimulated tissues, Compound 24 up to 1 microM did not modify the effects of classical opioid receptor agonists. Finally in vivo, in the mouse tail withdrawal assay, Compound 24 at 10 mg/kg antagonized the pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects of 1 nmol N/OFQ given supraspinally and spinally, respectively. Under the same experimental conditions Compound 24 did not affect the antinociceptive action of 3 nmol endomorphin-1 injected intrathecally. The present study demonstrated that Compound 24 is a pure, competitive, and highly potent non-peptide NOP receptor selective antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fischetti
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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16
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Grieco P, Carotenuto A, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey I, Auriemma L, Sala M, Marcozzi C, d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Brancaccio D, Rovero P, Santicioli P, Meini S, Maggi CA, Novellino E. New Insight into the Binding Mode of Peptide Ligands at Urotensin-II Receptor: Structure−Activity Relationships Study on P5U and Urantide. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3927-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900148c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Luigia Auriemma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Cristina Marcozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Roberta d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Paolo Santicioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Stefania Meini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Carlo A. Maggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Chimica e Biologia dei Peptidi e Proteine, Department di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, I-80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche, Via Rismpondo 12/A, I-50131 Florence, Italy,
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Urotensin II evokes neurotransmitter release from rat cerebrocortical slices. Neurosci Lett 2008; 440:275-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Palosuran inhibits binding to primate UT receptors in cell membranes but demonstrates differential activity in intact cells and vascular tissues. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:374-86. [PMID: 18587423 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The recent development of the UT ligand palosuran (1-[2-(4-benzyl-4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-3-(2-methyl-quinolin-4-yl)-urea sulphate salt) has led to the proposition that urotensin-II (U-II) plays a significant pathological role in acute and chronic renal injury in the rat. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the present study, the pharmacological properties of palosuran were investigated further using a series of radioligand binding and functional bioassays. KEY RESULTS Palosuran functioned as a 'primate-selective' UT ligand in recombinant cell membranes (monkey and human UT K(i) values of 4 +/- 1 and 5 +/- 1 nM), lacking appreciable affinity at other mammalian UT isoforms (rodent and feline K(i) values >1 microM). Paradoxically, however, palosuran lost significant (10- to 54-fold) affinity for native and recombinant human UT when radioligand binding was performed in intact cells (K(i) values of 50 +/- 3 and 276 +/- 67 nM). In accordance, palosuran also exhibited diminished activity in hUT (human urotensin-II receptor)-CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells (IC50 323 +/- 67 nM) and isolated arteries (K(b)>10 microM in rat aorta; K(b)>8.5 microM in cat arteries; K(b)>1.6 microM in monkey arteries; K(b) 2.2 +/- 0.6 microM in hUT transgenic mouse aorta). Relative to recombinant binding K(i) values, palosuran was subjected to a 392- to 690-fold reduction in functional activity in monkey isolated arteries. Such phenomena were peculiar to palosuran and were not apparent with an alternative chemotype, SB-657510 (2-bromo-N-[4-chloro-3-((R)-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)-phenyl]-4,5-dimethoxybenzenesulphonamide HCl). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, such findings suggest that caution should be taken when interpreting data generated using palosuran. The loss of UT affinity/activity observed in intact cells and tissues cf. membranes offers a potential explanation for the disappointing clinical efficacy reported with palosuran in diabetic nephropathy patients. As such, the (patho)physiological significance of U-II in diabetic renal dysfunction remains uncertain.
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Abstract
Urotensin II was first identified over 30 years ago as a potent vasoconstrictor, and the identification of its receptor in the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and brain have made it a potential target for human pharmacotherapy. Current research would suggest that urotensin II plays a major role in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular disease entities. This article discusses the biologic effects of urotensin under normal and pathophysiologic conditions, and reviews the research experiences with synthetic urotensin blockers in the treatment of various cardiovascular illnesses.
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Leprince J, Chatenet D, Dubessy C, Fournier A, Pfeiffer B, Scalbert E, Renard P, Pacaud P, Oulyadi H, Ségalas-Milazzo I, Guilhaudis L, Davoust D, Tonon MC, Vaudry H. Structure-activity relationships of urotensin II and URP. Peptides 2008; 29:658-73. [PMID: 17931747 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II (U-II) and urotensin II-related peptide (URP) are the endogenous ligands for the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR14 now renamed UT. At the periphery, U-II and/or URP exert a wide range of biological effects on cardiovascular tissues, airway smooth muscles, kidney and endocrine glands, while central administration of U-II elicits various behavioral and cardiovascular responses. There is also evidence that U-II and/or URP may be involved in a number of pathological conditions including heart failure, atherosclerosis, renal dysfunction and diabetes. Because of the potential involvement of the urotensinergic system in various physiopathological processes, there is need for the rational design of potent and selective ligands for the UT receptor. Structure-activity relationship studies have shown that the minimal sequence required to retain full biological activity is the conserved U-II(4-11) domain, in particular the Cys5 and Cys10 residues involved in the disulfide bridge, and the Phe6, Lys8 and Tyr9 residues. Free alpha-amino group and C-terminal COOH group are not necessary for the biological activity, and modifications of these radicals may even increase the stability of the analogs. Punctual substitution of native amino acids, notably Phe6 and Trp7, by particular residues generates analogs with antagonistic properties. These studies, which provide crucial information regarding the structural and conformational requirements for ligand-receptor interactions, will be of considerable importance for the design of novel UT ligands with increased selectivity, potency and stability, that may eventually lead to the development of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U413, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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21
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Shi Y, Cao YX, Lu N, Yao T, Zhu YC. Hemodynamic-independent anti-natriuretic effect of urotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Peptides 2008; 29:783-94. [PMID: 18420307 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Revised: 02/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to test the hypothesis that U-II might have a direct anti-natriuretic action in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Bolus U-II injection (15 nmol kg(-1)) caused a transient decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow rate (UV), urinary sodium (UNaV) and potassium excretion (U(K)V) that corresponded with a committed decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal blood flow (RBF) during the first 30 min. Continuous U-II infusion (0.2 nmol kg(-1)h(-1)) following a bolus U-II injection (0.3 nmol kg(-1)) caused an anti-natriuretic effect without any significant change in MAP, RBF, GFR, UV and UKV during the entire 1.5-h perfusion period in SHR. The levels of aldosterone and angiotensin II were not altered in the plasma and kidney, while plasma antidiuretic hormone decreased in response to U-II injection (15 nmol kg(-1)). Protein levels of U-II receptors (UT) were significantly increased in the kidney of 17-week-old SHR when compared with the age-matched WKY rats, while mRNA transcripts of both U-II and UT were increased in the kidney, left ventricle and thoracic aorta. In conclusion, U-II exerts a hemodynamic-independent anti-natriuretic action in adult SHR. The anti-natriuretic action of U-II in SHR is probably associated with an increased expression of the U-II-UT system in the kidney, suggesting a potential renal role of U-II in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Marzola E, Camarda V, Batuwangala M, Lambert DG, Calo' G, Guerrini R, Trapella C, Regoli D, Tomatis R, Salvadori S. Structure-activity relationship study of position 4 in the urotensin-II receptor ligand U-II(4-11). Peptides 2008; 29:674-9. [PMID: 17822806 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of 24 analogues of the urotensin II (U-II) fragment U-II(4-11) substituted in position 4 with coded and non-coded aromatic amino acids. All of the new analogues behaved as full U-II receptor (UT) agonists. Our results indicated that aromaticity is well tolerated, size, length and chirality of the side chain are not important, while substituents with a nitrogen atom are preferred. Thus acylation of U-II(5-11) with small groups bearing nitrogen atoms could be instrumental in future studies for the identification of novel potent UT receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Marzola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Diallo M, Jarry M, Desrues L, Castel H, Chatenet D, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Gandolfo P. [Orn5]URP acts as a pure antagonist of urotensinergic receptors in rat cortical astrocytes. Peptides 2008; 29:813-9. [PMID: 18082287 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cultured rat astrocytes, which express functional urotensin II (UII)/UII-related peptide (URP) receptors (UT), represent a very suitable model to investigate the pharmacological profile of UII and URP analogs towards native UT. We have recently designed three URP analogs [D-Trp4]URP, [Orn5]URP and [D-Tyr6]URP, that act as UT antagonists in the rat aortic ring bioassay. However, it has been previously reported that UII/URP analogs capable of inhibiting the contractile activity of UII possess agonistic activity on UT-transfected cells. In the present study, we have compared the ability of URP analogs to compete for [125 I]URP binding and to modulate cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) in cultured rat astrocytes. All three analogs displaced radioligand binding: [D-Trp4]URP and [D-Tyr6]URP interacted with high- and low-affinity sites whereas [Orn5]URP only bound high-affinity sites. [D-Trp4]URP and [D-Tyr6]URP both induced a robust increase in [Ca2+]c in astrocytes while [Orn5]URP was totally devoid of activity. [Orn5]URP provoked a concentration-dependent inhibition of URP- and UII-evoked [Ca2+]c increase and a rightward shift of the URP and UII dose-response curves. The present data indicate that [D-Trp4]URP and [D-Tyr6]URP, which act as UII antagonists in the rat aortic ring assay, behave as agonists in the [Ca2+]c mobilization assay in cultured astrocytes, whereas [Orn5]URP is a pure selective antagonist in both rat aortic ring contraction and astrocyte [Ca2+]c mobilization assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Diallo
- INSERM U413, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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24
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McDonald J, Batuwangala M, Lambert DG. Role of urotensin II and its receptor in health and disease. J Anesth 2007; 21:378-89. [PMID: 17680191 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-007-0524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II (U-II) is currently the most potent vasoconstrictor identified. This action is brought about via activation of a G(q/11)-protein coupled receptor (UT receptor). U-II activation of the UT receptor increases inositol phosphate turnover and intracellular Ca(2+). In addition to producing vasoconstriction, dilation and ionotropic effects have also been described. There is considerable variation in the responsiveness of particular vascular beds from the same and different species, including humans. Receptors for U-II are located peripherally on vascular smooth muscle (contractile responses) and endothelial cells (dilatory responses via nitric oxide). In humans, plasma U-II is elevated in heart failure, renal failure, liver disease, and diabetes. Iontophoresis of U-II in healthy volunteers produces vasodilation (of the forearm) while in patients with heart failure or hypertension a constriction is observed. To date there is only one clinical study using a UT receptor antagonist (palosuran) in diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria. This antagonist reduced albumin excretion, probably by increasing renal blood flow. Studies in other disease conditions are eagerly awaited. In summary, the U-II / UT receptor system has clinical potential, and for the anesthesiologist, this novel peptide-receptor system may be of use in the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McDonald
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, LRI, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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25
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Chatenet D, Dubessy C, Boularan C, Scalbert E, Pfeiffer B, Renard P, Lihrmann I, Pacaud P, Tonon MC, Vaudry H, Leprince J. Structure-activity relationships of a novel series of urotensin II analogues: identification of a urotensin II antagonist. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7234-8. [PMID: 17125276 DOI: 10.1021/jm0602110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II (U-II) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide which has been identified as the endogenous ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR14 now renamed UT receptor. As the C-terminal cyclic hexapeptide of U-II (U-II(4-11), H-Asp-Cys-Phe-Trp-Lys-Tyr-Cys-Val-OH) possesses full biological activity, we have synthesized a series of U-II(4-11) analogues and measured their binding affinity on hGPR14-transfected CHO cells and their contractile activity on de-endothelialized rat aortic rings. The data indicate that a free amino group and a functionalized side-chain at the N-terminal extremity of the peptide are not required for biological activity. In addition, the minimal chemical requirement at position 9 of U-II(4-11) is the presence of an aromatic moiety. Most importantly, replacement of the Phe6 residue by cyclohexyl-Ala (Cha) led to an analogue, [Cha6]U-II(4-11), that was devoid of agonistic activity but was able to dose-dependently suppress the vasoconstrictor effect of U-II on rat aortic rings. These new pharmacological data, by providing further information regarding the structure-activity relationships of U-II analogues, should prove useful for the rational design of potent and nonpeptidic UT receptor agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chatenet
- INSERM U413, Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neuroendocrinology, European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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26
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Behm DJ, Stankus G, Doe CPA, Willette RN, Sarau HM, Foley JJ, Schmidt DB, Nuthulaganti P, Fornwald JA, Ames RS, Lambert DG, Calo' G, Camarda V, Aiyar NV, Douglas SA. The peptidic urotensin-II receptor ligand GSK248451 possesses less intrinsic activity than the low-efficacy partial agonists SB-710411 and urantide in native mammalian tissues and recombinant cell systems. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:173-90. [PMID: 16547525 PMCID: PMC1617064 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several peptidic urotensin-II (UT) receptor antagonists exert 'paradoxical' agonist activity in recombinant cell- and tissue-based bioassay systems, likely the result of differential urotensin-II receptor (UT receptor) signal transduction/coupling efficiency between assays. The present study has examined this phenomenon in mammalian arteries and recombinant UT-HEK (human embryonic kidney) cells.BacMam-mediated recombinant UT receptor upregulation in HEK cells augmented agonist activity for all four peptidic UT ligands studied. The nominal rank order of relative intrinsic efficacy was U-II>urantide ([Pen(5)-DTrp(7)-Orn(8)]hU-II(4-11))>SB-710411 (Cpa-c[DCys-Pal-DTrp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Cpa-amide)>>GSK248451 (Cin-c[DCys-Pal-DTrp-Orn-Val-Cys]-His-amide) (the relative coupling efficiency of recombinant HEK cells was cat>human>>rat UT receptor). The present study further demonstrated that the use of high signal transduction/coupling efficiency isolated blood vessel assays (primate>cat arteries) is required in order to characterize UT receptor antagonism thoroughly. This cannot be attained simply by using the rat isolated aorta, an artery with low signal transduction/coupling efficiency in which low-efficacy agonists appear to function as antagonists. In contrast to the 'low-efficacy agonists' urantide and SB-710411, GSK248451 functioned as a potent UT receptor antagonist in all native isolated tissues studied (UT receptor selectivity was confirmed in the rat aorta). Further, GSK248451 exhibited an extremely low level of relative intrinsic activity in recombinant HEK cells (4-5-fold less than seen with urantide). Since GSK248451 (1 mg kg(-1), i.v.) blocked the systemic pressor actions of exogenous U-II in the anaesthetized cat, it represents a suitable peptidic tool antagonist for delineating the role of U-II in the aetiology of mammalian cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Behm
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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27
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Wang YX, Ding YJ, Zhu YZ, Shi Y, Yao T, Zhu YC. Role of PKC in the novel synergistic action of urotensin II and angiotensin II and in urotensin II-induced vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 292:H348-59. [PMID: 16951045 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00512.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular signaling of human urotensin II (hU-II) and its interaction with other vasoconstrictors such as ANG II are poorly understood. In endothelium-denuded rat aorta, coadministration of hU-II (1 nM) and ANG II (2 nM) exerted a significant contractile effect that was associated with increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity and phosphorylation of PKC-alpha/betaII and myosin light chain, whereas either hU-II or ANG II administered alone at these concentrations had no statistically significant effect. This synergistic effect was abrogated by the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (10 and 30 microM), the selective PKC-alpha/betaII inhibitor Gö-6976 (0.1 and 1 microM), the hU-II receptor ligand urantide (30 nM and 1 microM), or the ANG II antagonist losartan (1 microM). Moreover, in endothelium-intact rat aorta, the synergistic effect of hU-II and ANG II was not exerted any longer, and this synergistic effect was unmasked by pretreatment of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. hU-II (10 nM) alone caused a long-lasting increase in phospho-PKC-theta, phospho-myosin light chain, and PKC activity, which was associated with long-lasting vasoconstriction. These changes were prevented by chelerythrine. Methoxyverapamil-thapsigargin treatment reduced the hU-II-induced vasoconstriction by approximately 50%. The methoxyverapamil-thapsigargin-resistant component of hU-II-induced vasoconstriction was dose-dependently inhibited by chelerythrine. In conclusion, hU-II induces a novel PKC-dependent synergistic action with ANG II in inducing vasoconstriction. PKC-alpha/betaII is probably the PKC isoform involved in this synergistic action. Nitric oxide produced in the endothelium probably masks this synergistic action. The long-lasting vasoconstriction induced by hU-II alone is PKC dependent and associated with PKC-theta phosphorylation.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Kinase C
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Urotensins/administration & dosage
- Urotensins/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Wang
- Dept. of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan Univ. Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhu YC, Zhu YZ, Moore PK. Magnifying endoscopic observation of the gastric mucosa, particularly in patients with atrophic gastritis. Br J Pharmacol 1978; 148:884-901. [PMID: 16783414 PMCID: PMC1751922 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastric mucosal surface was observed using the magnifying fibergastroscope (FGS-ML), and the fine gastric mucosal patterns, which were even smaller than one unit of gastric area, were examined at a magnification of about 30. For simplicification, we classified these patterns by magnifying endoscopy in the following ways; FP, FIP, FSP, SP and MP, modifying Yoshii's classification under the dissecting microscope. The FIP, which was found to have round and long elliptical gastric pits, is a new addition to our endoscopic classification. The relationship between the FIP and the intermediate zone was evaluated by superficial and histological studies of surgical and biopsy specimens. The width of the band of FIP seems to be related to the severity of atrophic gastritis. Also, the transformation of FP to FIP was assessed by comparing specimens taken from the resected and residual parts of the stomach, respectively. Moreover, it appears that severe gastritis occurs in the gastric mucosa which shows a FIP. Therefore, we consider that the FIP indicates the position of the atrophic border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
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