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Li J, Liu Y, He J, Wu Z, Wang F, Huang J, Zheng L, Luo T. Progestin and adipoQ receptor 7 (PAQR7) mediate the anti-apoptotic effect of P4 on human granulosa cells and its deficiency reduces ovarian function in female mice. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:35. [PMID: 38317224 PMCID: PMC10845654 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PAQR7 plays a key role in cell apoptosis as a progesterone membrane receptor. The physiological mechanism of PAQR7 in ovarian function and its anti-apoptotic action in mammals remain poorly understood. METHODS We first added 0.2 µM aminoglutethimide (AG), an inhibitor of endogenous progesterone (P4) secretion, and transfected siPAQR7 co-incubated with P4 in human KGN cells to identify granulosa cell apoptosis, respectively. Additionally, we used Paqr7 knockout (PAQR7 KO) mice to assess the role of PAQR7 in the ovary. RESULTS The PAQR7 deficiency significantly increased apoptosis of KGN cells, and this significant difference disappeared following P4 supplementation. The Paqr7-/- female mice showed a prolonged estrous cycle, reduced follicular growth, increased the number of atresia follicles, and decreased the concentrations of E2 and AMH. The litters, litter sizes, and spontaneous ovulation in the Paqr7-/- mice were significantly decreased compared with the Paqr7+/+ mice. In addition, we also found low expression of PAQR7 in GCs from human follicular fluids of patients diagnosed with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) and ovaries of mice with a DOR-like phenotype, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study has identified that PAQR7 is involved in mouse ovarian function and fertilization potential. One possible mechanism is mediating the anti-apoptotic effect of P4 on GC apoptosis via the BCL-2/BAX/CASPASE-3 signaling pathway. The mechanism underlying the effect of PAQR7 on ovarian development and aging remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Basic Medical science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- School of Basic Medical science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Jinxia He
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- School of Basic Medical science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Basic Medical science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Luo
- School of Basic Medical science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
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Pei H, Yang J, Li W, Luo X, Xu Y, Sun X, Chen Q, Zhao Q, Hou L, Tan G, Ji D. Solanum nigrum Linn.: Advances in anti-cancer activity and mechanism in digestive system tumors. Med Oncol 2023; 40:311. [PMID: 37775552 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has currently become a serious public health issue in many countries worldwide, and tumors of the digestive system have attracted an increasing number of researchers' due to their numerous types, high proportion and wide area of occurrence. While tumors of the digestive system suffer from high mortality rates, leading to untimely diagnosis and a poor prognosis, making it necessary to update current treatment approaches such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. This highlights the importance of exploring novel therapeutic ideas and targets. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of clinical use due to its low toxicity and multi-factor targeting of multiple pathways. As a kind of traditional Chinese herb, S. nigrum Linn. is highly regarded for its proven antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to comprehensively recapitulate and analyze the anti-cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of treatment of gastrointestinal tumors with S. nigrum Linn. extracts and related compounds, including classical signaling pathways mediated by them as well as noncoding RNA pathways associated with tumor suppression. Components that have been found to be responsible for the anti-cancer activity of S. nigrum Linn. include solanine, solasonine, solamargine, a-L-rhhamnopyranose, uttroside B, degalactotigonin, glycoprotein, and other compounds. The underlying mechanisms of anti-cancer activity reflected in this study include apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, anti-angiogenesis, suppression of metastasis and invasion, immune escape, and increased sensitivity to radiotherapy. S. nigrum Linn. has great potential in the treatment of tumors of the digestive system, and through further clinical trials and pharmacological mechanisms it has the potential to become a uniform and standardized anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Pei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Daolin Ji
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
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Follicular Atresia, Cell Proliferation, and Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Two Neotropical Primates (Aotus nancymae and Sapajus macrocephalus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061051. [PMID: 36978591 PMCID: PMC10044352 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the follicular atresia, cell proliferation, and anti-Mullerian hormone action in Aotus nancymae and Sapajus macrocephalus during three sexual phases (follicular, luteal, and gestational). Follicular quantification and immunolocalization of Caspase-3 protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were performed. A significant difference in the quantification between preantral and antral follicles, with a progressive decrease in the antrals, was identified. Protein and hormonal markers varied significantly between follicle cell types (A. nancymae p = 0.001; S. macrocephalus, p = 0.002). Immunostaining in the preantral and antral follicles was present in all sexual phases; for Caspase-3, in granulosa cells, oocytes, and stroma; for BCL-2, in granulosa cells, oocytes, and theca; and for PCNA and AMH, in oocytes and granulosa cells. The immunostaining for Caspase-3 was more expressive in the preantral follicles (follicular phase, p < 0.05), while that for BCL-2 and PCNA was more expressive in the antral follicles of the follicular phase. The AMH was more expressive in the primary and antral follicles of nonpregnant females, in both the follicular and luteal phases. Our results contribute to understanding the ovarian follicular selection, recruitment, and degeneration of these species.
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Alaee S, Mirani M, Derakhshan Z, Koohpeyma F, Bakhtari A. Thymoquinone improves folliculogenesis, sexual hormones, gene expression of apoptotic markers and antioxidant enzymes in polycystic ovary syndrome rat model. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:290-300. [PMID: 36104839 PMCID: PMC9857009 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent cause of infertility affecting women of reproductive age around the world. Thymoquinone is a natural antioxidant, derived from Nigella sativa. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of thymoquinone on the detrimental effects of PCOS rats induced with letrozole. METHODS Thirty-two female rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Control, (2) PCOS, (3) PCOS+5 mg/kg thymoquinone and (4) PCOS+10 mg/kg thymoquinone. Thymoquinone was administered every 3 days for 30 days. Ovaries were histopathologically and stereologically examined, and antioxidant and apoptotic enzymes gene expression in ovaries and sex hormones in serum were measured. RESULTS The number of unilaminar, multilaminar, antral, and graffian follicles, volume density of corpus luteum (p < 0.01), and GPx1 gene expression in ovaries and level of FSH in the blood increased in both thymoquinone groups when compared to untreated PCOS (p < 0.05). Ovaries in thymoquinone groups showed a significant reduction in the number of atretic follicles, ovary weight and volume, volume density of cortex and ovarian cysts, Bax gene expression (p < 0.01) and Bax/Bcl2 ratio as well as levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/FSH ratio and testosterone (p < 0.05) in the blood of female rats when compared to PCOS group. Administration of thymoquinone restored the most detrimental effects of PCOS on ovaries (p < 0.01) and sexual hormones (p < 0.05) in rats. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that thymoquinone has improved effects on ovarian function in the PCOS rat model. Therefore, thymoquinone might be useful as a protective agent and adjunct treatment in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Alaee
- Department of Reproductive BiologySchool of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Stem Cells Technology Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Maryam Mirani
- Department of Reproductive BiologySchool of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Reproductive BiologySchool of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Azizollah Bakhtari
- Department of Reproductive BiologySchool of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Hua G, George JW, Clark KL, Jonas KC, Johnson GP, Southekal S, Guda C, Hou X, Blum HR, Eudy J, Butnev VY, Brown AR, Katta S, May JV, Bousfield GR, Davis JS. Hypo-glycosylated hFSH drives ovarian follicular development more efficiently than fully-glycosylated hFSH: enhanced transcription and PI3K and MAPK signaling. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1891-1906. [PMID: 34059912 PMCID: PMC8213452 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does hypo-glycosylated human recombinant FSH (hFSH18/21) have greater in vivo bioactivity that drives follicle development in vivo compared to fully-glycosylated human recombinant FSH (hFSH24)? SUMMARY ANSWER Compared with fully-glycosylated hFSH, hypo-glycosylated hFSH has greater bioactivity, enabling greater follicular health and growth in vivo, with enhanced transcriptional activity, greater activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and elevated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Glycosylation of FSH is necessary for FSH to effectively activate the FSH receptor (FSHR) and promote preantral follicular growth and formation of antral follicles. In vitro studies demonstrate that compared to fully-glycosylated recombinant human FSH, hypo-glycosylated FSH has greater activity in receptor binding studies, and more effectively stimulates the PKA pathway and steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the actions of purified recombinant human FSH glycoforms on parameters of follicular development, gene expression and cell signaling in immature postnatal day (PND) 17 female CD-1 mice. To stimulate follicle development in vivo, PND 17 female CD-1 mice (n = 8-10/group) were treated with PBS (150 µl), hFSH18/21 (1 µg/150 µl PBS) or hFSH24 (1 µg/150 µl PBS) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) twice daily (8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.) for 2 days. Follicle numbers, serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol levels, and follicle health were quantified. PND 17 female CD-1 mice were also treated acutely (2 h) in vivo with PBS, hFSH18/21 (1 µg) or hFSH24 (1 µg) (n = 3-4/group). One ovary from each mouse was processed for RNA sequencing analysis and the other ovary processed for signal transduction analysis. An in vitro ovary culture system was used to confirm the relative signaling pathways. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The purity of different recombinant hFSH glycoforms was analyzed using an automated western blot system. Follicle numbers were determined by counting serial sections of the mouse ovary. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine growth and apoptosis markers related with follicle health. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics were used to identify pathways and processes associated with gene expression profiles induced by acute FSH glycoform treatment. Analysis of RTKs was used to determine potential FSH downstream signaling pathways in vivo. Western blot and in vitro ovarian culture system were used to validate the relative signaling pathways. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Our present study shows that both hypo- and fully-glycosylated recombinant human FSH can drive follicular growth in vivo. However, hFSH18/21 promoted development of significantly more large antral follicles compared to hFSH24 (P < 0.01). In addition, compared with hFSH24, hFSH18/21 also promoted greater indices of follicular health, as defined by lower BAX/BCL2 ratios and reduced cleaved Caspase 3. Following acute in vivo treatment with FSH glycoforms RNA-sequencing data revealed that both FSH glycoforms rapidly induced ovarian transcription in vivo, but hypo-glycosylated FSH more robustly stimulated Gαs and cAMP-mediated signaling and members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Moreover, hFSH18/21 treatment induced significantly greater activation of RTKs, PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling compared to hFSH24. FSH-induced indices of follicle growth in vitro were blocked by inhibition of PI3K and MAPK. LARGE SCALE DATA RNA sequencing of mouse ovaries. Data will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The observations that hFSH glycoforms have different bioactivities in the present study employing a mouse model of follicle development should be verified in nonhuman primates. The gene expression studies reflect transcriptomes of whole ovaries. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Commercially prepared recombinant human FSH used for ovarian stimulation in human ART is fully-glycosylated FSH. Our findings that hypo-glycosylated hFSH has greater bioactivity enabling greater follicular health and growth without exaggerated estradiol production in vivo, demonstrate the potential for its development for application in human ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by NIH 1P01 AG029531, NIH 1R01 HD 092263, VA I01 BX004272, and the Olson Center for Women's Health. JSD is the recipient of a VA Senior Research Career Scientist Award (1IK6 BX005797). This work was also partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31872352). The authors declared there are no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Hua
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women’s Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jitu W George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women’s Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kendra L Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women’s Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kim C Jonas
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, UK
| | - Gillian P Johnson
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, UK
| | - Siddesh Southekal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women’s Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Haley R Blum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women’s Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Viktor Y Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Alan R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Sahithi Katta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Jeffrey V May
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - George R Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women’s Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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Zhang T, BaSang WD, Chang W, Huo S, Ma X, Ju X, Yu S, Cui S. Dynamics of apoptosis-related gene expression during follicular development in yak. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1002-1013. [PMID: 33899975 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential reproduction power of domestic animals is limited by a complicated follicular atresia process. P53, caspase-9 (Casp9), Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas play a crucial role in the ovarian mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis and death receptor pathway. In accordance with this study, the expression levels of Casp9, Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas were analysed in ovaries and oviducts of yak by immunohistochemistry (IHC). P53 and the above in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from atretic (3-6 mm) to healthy follicles (6-8 mm) and in oviducts were examined from the luteal phase to the follicular phase during the oestrous circle by Western blot (WB) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results demonstrated that typical classic apoptotic factors Casp9, Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas were expressed in the cytoplasm and zonal pellucida of oocytes, primordial follicles, primary follicles, ovarian surface epithelium, ovarian GCs, granular lutein cells, surface epithelia in oviduct uterotubal junction and oviduct ampulla during the luteal phase. RT-PCR and WB revealed that P53 and Fas significantly increased in GCs of atretic follicles. P53 and Casp9 increased in oviduct epithelium during the luteal phase, but Fas was unchanged. A contrary tendency was noted in Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Overall, P53 and Fas play an essential role in inducing GC apoptosis, and Bax, Bcl-2, Casp9 and P53 are involved in oviduct epithelial regeneration in yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University College of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Northwest Minzu University, life science and engineering college, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wang-Dui BaSang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Institute of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Lhasa, China
| | - Weihua Chang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Aral, China
| | - Shengdong Huo
- Northwest Minzu University, life science and engineering college, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xingbin Ma
- Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Academic of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University College of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cai H, Chang T, Li Y, Jia Y, Li H, Zhang M, Su P, Zhang L, Xiang W. Circular DDX10 is associated with ovarian function and assisted reproductive technology outcomes through modulating the proliferation and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9592-9612. [PMID: 33742605 PMCID: PMC8064152 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
circRNAs are present in human ovarian tissue, but how they regulate ovarian function remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the levels of circRNAs in granulosa cells (GCs) derived from human follicular fluid, explored their correlation with female ovarian reserve function and clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction technique (ART), and investigated their effects on the biological functions of GC cell lines (COV434) in vitro. We identified that the levels of circDDX10 in GCs decreased gradually with aging (P < 0.01) and was positively correlated with AMH (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) and AFC (r = 0.32, P < 0.01), but not with FSH and estradiol (P > 0.05). Additionally, circDDX10 was related to the number of oocytes obtained, and good quality embryo rates. Silencing circDDX10 in GCs could markedly up-regulate the expression of apoptosis-related factors, reduce cell proliferation activity, inhibit the expression of steroid hormone synthesis-related factors, and prohibit the synthesis of estradiol. On the contrary, over-expression of circDDX10 had the opposite effect. circDDX10 is expected to become a novel biomarker for predicting the outcomes of ART, and may participate in the regulation of ovarian function by affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of GCs and steroid hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Cai
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianli Chang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yinzhao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Su
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Lu X, Duan A, Ma X, Liang S, Deng T. Knockdown of CYP19A1 in Buffalo Follicular Granulosa Cells Results in Increased Progesterone Secretion and Promotes Cell Proliferation. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:539496. [PMID: 33102564 PMCID: PMC7545956 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.539496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 aromatase 19A1 (CYP19A1) is a critical enzyme in estrogen synthesis. However, the effect of CYP19A1 on cell growth and hormone secretion of buffalo follicular granulosa cells (BFGCs) is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the role of CYP19A1 in cell proliferation and hormone secretion of BFGCs by knocking down CYP19A1 mRNA expression. The mRNA expression level of CYP19A1 gene was knocked down in BFGCs using the siCYP19A1-296 fragment with the best interference efficiency of 72.63%, as affirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and cell morphology analysis. The CYP19A1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of BFGCs through upregulating the mRNA expression levels of six proliferation-related genes (CCND1, CCNE1, CCNB1, CDK2, CDKN1A, and CDKN1B). Moreover, CYP19A1 knockdown increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of progesterone secretion (P4) in BFGCs through increasing the mRNA expression levels of three steroidogenic genes (HSD17B1, HSD17B7, and CYP17A1). Our data further found that the FSH could inhibit the mRNA expression level of CYP19A1 in BFGCs, while LH obtains the opposite effect. These findings showed that the CYP19A1 knockdown had a regulatory role in the hormone secretion and cell proliferation in BFGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Anqin Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Shasha Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Tingxian Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
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10
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Zi XD, Hu L, Lu JY, Liu S, Zheng YC. Comparison of the sequences and expression levels of genes related to follicular development and atresia between prolific and nonprolific goat breeds. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:187-195. [PMID: 31782269 PMCID: PMC7196674 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the variations of the nucleotide sequences and ovarian expression levels of genes related to follicular development and atresia in prolific Jintang black goats and nonprolific Tibetan goats. Eight genes, FSHB, LHB, FSHR, LHCGR, ESR2, B4GANT2, BCL2 and BAX, were examined using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real‐time PCR. The results showed that the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the LHB and BAX genes were not different, but there was one base change in the FSHR genes between the two breeds. There was one base change in the FSHB gene, which resulted in one amino acid substitution; there were nine base changes in the LHCGR gene, which resulted in five amino acid substitutions; and there were six base changes in the B4GANT2 gene, which resulted in four amino acid substitutions. The expression levels of the FSHR, LHCGR, ESR2, B4GANT2, BCL2 and BAX genes in the ovaries were not different between the two breeds. The plasma concentrations of FSH were not different, but the plasma concentrations of LH, P4 and E2 were lower in prolific Jintang black goats than in nonprolific Tibetan goats (P ˂ 0.05) at 40 hr after removal of the Controlled Internal Drug Release Devices. These results provide some foundations elucidating the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling ovulation rate in goats, but these need to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Zi
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Conservation & Utilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resources of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Lu
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key-Laboratory for Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Cai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Conservation & Utilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resources of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Doyle BJ, Lawal TO, Locklear TD, Hernandez L, Perez AL, Patel U, Patel S, Mahady GB. Isolation and identification of three new chromones from the leaves of Pimenta dioica with cytotoxic, oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic effects. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:235-244. [PMID: 29564971 PMCID: PMC6130578 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1448873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. (Myrtaceae) is used in Costa Rican traditional medicine for women's health. Our previous work showed that P. dioica extracts were oestrogenic. OBJECTIVES This work identifies phytochemicals from P. dioica that are responsible for the plant's oestrogen-like activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS P. dioica leaves were collected in Costa Rica in 2005. Fractions resulting from chromatographic separation of a methanol extract were tested at 50 μg/mL in a competitive oestrogen receptor-binding assay. Active compounds were isolated by HPLC and identified by NMR and MS. Pure compounds were tested at 1 μM in the oestrogen-responsive SEAP reporter gene assay. The effects on cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis were investigated in breast cancer (MCF-7 and SK-BR3) and gastric cancer (AGS and NCI-N87) cell lines using the ApoTox-Glo and Caspase-Glo assays and qPCR. RESULTS Quercitrin and three new chromones, including a 2-phenoxychromone, 6,8-di-C-methylcapillarisin (1) were isolated and identified. Compound 1 caused a 6.2-fold increase in SEAP expression at 1 μM (p < 0.05). This activity was blocked by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780. Compound 2 caused a 6.0-fold increase in SEAP, inhibited the growth of MCF-7, AGS and NCI-N87 cells (IC50 54.27, 38.13 and 51.22 μg/mL, respectively), and induced apoptosis via caspase 8 and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio in MCF-7 cells. Compound 3 was anti-oestrogenic in MCF-7 cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Compounds from P. dioica have oestrogenic, anti-oestrogenic and cytotoxic effects that may explain the ethnomedical use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Doyle
- Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Alma College, Alma, MI, USA
| | - Temitope O. Lawal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tracie D. Locklear
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lorraina Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Natural Products Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Alice L. Perez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Natural Products Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Udeshi Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shitalben Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gail B. Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Haraguchi H, Hirota Y, Saito-Fujita T, Tanaka T, Shimizu-Hirota R, Harada M, Akaeda S, Hiraoka T, Matsuo M, Matsumoto L, Hirata T, Koga K, Wada-Hiraike O, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Mdm2-p53-SF1 pathway in ovarian granulosa cells directs ovulation and fertilization by conditioning oocyte quality. FASEB J 2018; 33:2610-2620. [PMID: 30260703 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801401r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Functions of tumor suppressor p53 and its negative regulator mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2) in ovarian granulosa cells remain to be elucidated, and the current study aims at clarifying this issue. Mice with Mdm2 deficiency in ovarian granulosa cells [ Mdm2-loxP/ progesterone receptor ( Pgr)-Cre mice] were infertile as a result of impairment of oocyte maturation, ovulation, and fertilization, and those with Mdm2/p53 double deletion in granulosa cells ( Mdm2-loxP/ p53-loxP/ Pgr-Cre mice) showed normal fertility, suggesting that p53 induction in the ovarian granulosa cells is detrimental to ovarian function by disturbing oocyte quality. Another model of Mdm2 deletion in ovarian granulosa cells ( Mdm2-loxP/ anti-Mullerian hormone type 2 receptor-Cre mice) also showed subfertility as a result of the failure of ovulation and fertilization, indicating critical roles of ovarian Mdm2 in ovulation and fertilization. Mdm2-p53 pathway in cumulus granulosa cells transcriptionally controlled an orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), a key regulator of ovarian function. Importantly, MDM2 and SF1 levels in human cumulus granulosa cells were positively associated with the outcome of oocyte maturation and fertilization in patients undergoing infertility treatment. These findings suggest that the Mdm2-p53-SF1 axis in ovarian cumulus granulosa cells directs ovarian function by affecting their neighboring oocyte quality.-Haraguchi, H., Hirota, Y., Saito-Fujita, T., Tanaka, T., Shimizu-Hirota, R., Harada, M., Akaeda, S., Hiraoka, T., Matsuo, M., Matsumoto, L., Hirata, T., Koga, K., Wada-Hiraike, O., Fujii, T., Osuga, Y. Mdm2-p53-SF1 pathway in ovarian granulosa cells directs ovulation and fertilization by conditioning oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Haraguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.,Precursory Research for Innovative Medical Care, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Tomoko Saito-Fujita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Shimizu-Hirota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Akaeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hiraoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Matsuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leona Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Yan W, Zhou S, Shen W, Cheng J, Yuan S, Ye S, Jin Y, Luo A, Wang S. Suppression of SEMA6C promotes preantral follicles atresia with decreased cell junctions in mice ovaries. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4934-4943. [PMID: 30256425 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes go through a long and complex developmental process, while acquiring the competencies that are required for fertilization and embryogenesis. Recent studies revealed that the communication between oocytes and granulosa cells (GCs) is a critical process for female follicle development. In the current study, we aimed to study whether and how semaphorin 6C (Sema6c) regulated the cell junctions between oocytes and GCs in mice preantral follicles. The attenuation of SEMA6C expression by siRNA decreased the cell-cell junctions and accelerated follicle atresia in vitro. PI3K-AKT pathway was activated when SEMA6C expression was downregulated. And the LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, could reverse the effect of low SEMA6C expression on cell junctions in preantral follicles. Our findings revealed that Sema6c was involved in follicle development, and the suppression of SEMA6C led to cell junction defection by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, which might also provide valuable information for understanding premature ovarian failure and ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suzhen Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangmei Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aiyue Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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14
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Bao R, Xu P, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao L, Li G, Zhang C. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation rescues premature ovarian insufficiency induced by chemotherapy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:320-326. [PMID: 29073798 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1393661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an important cause of infertility and also cause menopausal symptoms, which greatly reduced the quality of life for women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), as an important strategy, improved the quality of life for patients, however, the role of HRT in promoting fertility remains controversial. Therefore, seeking an optimal regime for POI becomes more urgent. In this study, we established POI model induced by CTX and BUS and utilized bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation to treat the POI. We found that the decrease of estrogen and the increase of FSH induced by administration of CTX and BUS were rescued by BM-MSC transplantation. H&E staining and TUNEL assay showed that there were more healthy ovarian follicles and less apoptosis of ovarian cells after treatment with BM-MSCs. Further studies showed that there was an obvious decrease of Bax, p53, and p21 after transplantation, however, CyclinD2 was increased. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that BM-MSCs could restore injured ovarian function. Inhibiting apoptosis and promoting residual ovarian cell proliferation may contribute to the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Bao
- a Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- b Second Clinical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Wang
- a Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- c Department of Microbiology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiao
- d Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- d Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- d Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
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15
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Ding J, Tan X, Song K, Ma W, Xiao J, Zhang M. Effect of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on puberty and estrus in mice offspring. Reproduction 2017; 154:433-444. [PMID: 28687593 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is widely used for the treatment of infertility, while the long-term effects of COH on the reproductive function in female offspring are currently unknown. Based on the fact that COH could cause high E2 levels in women throughout pregnancy and excess estrogenic exposure during fetal development is harmful to subsequent adult ovarian function, we assumed the hypothesis that COH disrupts reproductive function in female offspring. To test this hypothesis, COH was induced in mice to obtain female offspring by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and HCG, and then we evaluated pubertal transition, serum levels of E2, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), FSH and LH, mRNA expressions of Esr1, Amhr2, Fshr and Lhcgr in ovaries, number of follicles and ovarian histology. We also investigated the apoptosis of follicles by TUNEL; the mRNA expressions of Fas, FasL, Bax, Bcl2, and caspase 3, 8 and 9 by quantitative real-time PCR; and the protein expressions of cleaved-caspase (CASP) 3, 8 and 9 by Western blot. Moreover, we further observed estrous cyclicity in young adult offspring, performed follicle counting and measured the level of AMH in both serum and ovary. COH could induce detrimental pregnancy outcomes, as well as delayed pubertal transition and irregular estrous cycle due to the aberrant growth and maturation of follicles in female offspring. Our novel findings add new evidence to better understand the potential risks of COH on the reproductive function in female offspring, raising the awareness that COH could exert adverse effects on female offspring, rather than just obtain more oocytes for fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ding
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Tan
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunkun Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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16
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Martinovic V, Vukusic Pusic T, Restovic I, Bocina I, Filipovic N, Saraga-Babic M, Vukojevic K. Expression of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Differentiation Markers in the Early Human Gonadal Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1315-1326. [PMID: 27981799 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Expressions of cytokeratin 8 (CK8), vimentin, nestin, and alpha-smooth-muscle-actin (alpha-SMA) were analyzed in the developing gonads of 12, 5-9 week old (W) human conceptuses by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. During the investigated period, the number of CK8 positive cells increased from 56% to 92% in the gonadal surface epithelium, from 50% to 60% in the stroma, and from 23% to 42% in the medulla. In the early fetal period, the cell expression of CK8 increased in all gonadal parts, whereas primordial germ cells (PGC) remained negative. The expression of vimentin increased in the gonad stroma (gs) from 73% to 88%, and in the surface epithelium from 18% to 97% until ninth W. The medulla had the highest expression of vimentin in the seventh to eighth W (93%). Vimentin and CK8 colocalized in the somatic cells, while some PGCs showed vimentin expression only. Initially, nestin was positive in the gonad surface epithelium (8%) and stroma (52%), however during further development it decreased to 1% and 33%, respectively. In the early fetal period, the nestin positive cells decreased from 44% to 31% in the gonad medulla. Alpha-SMA was positive only in the blood vessels and mesonephros. The described pattern of expression of intermediate filaments (IF) in developing human gonads suggests their role in the control of PGC apoptosis, early differentiation of gs cells and cell migration. Both epithelial and mesenchymal origins of follicular cells and possible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of somatic cells is proposed. Lastly, IF intensity expression varies depending on the cell type and developmental period analyzed. Anat Rec, 300:1315-1326, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlatka Martinovic
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Ivana Bocina
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Natalija Filipovic
- Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia.,Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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17
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Uyanikoglu H, Sabuncu T, Dursun H, Sezen H, Aksoy N. Circulating levels of apoptotic markers and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-controlled descriptive study. Biomarkers 2017; 22:643-647. [PMID: 27899026 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1265004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Apoptotic dysregulation plays a role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE To evaluate circulatory apoptotic markers and oxidative stress in patients with PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four women with PCOS, and 44 healthy women as controls were enrolled in the study. Oxidative stress parameters and caspases levels were measured in serum. RESULTS The caspase 9 level was significantly lower and related with oxidant status in patients with PCOS, while the circulating levels of caspases 3 and 7 were statistically similar in both groups. DISCUSSION This study is the first report demonstrating the circulating levels of apoptotic markers and their relationship with oxidant status in PCOS. CONCLUSION The circulating caspase 9 and oxidant status might contribute to apoptotic dysregulation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Uyanikoglu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey
| | - Tevfik Sabuncu
- b Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Dursun
- b Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey
| | - Hatice Sezen
- c Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey
| | - Nurten Aksoy
- c Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Harran University , Sanliurfa , Turkey
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18
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Zhao F, Wang N, Yi Y, Lin P, Tang K, Wang A, Jin Y. Knockdown of CREB3/Luman by shRNA in Mouse Granulosa Cells Results in Decreased Estradiol and Progesterone Synthesis and Promotes Cell Proliferation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168246. [PMID: 27973579 PMCID: PMC5156397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Luman (also known as LZIP or CREB3) is a transcription factor and a member of the cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB) family proteins. Although Luman has been detected in apoptotic granulosa cells and disorganized atretic bodies, the physiological function of Luman in follicular development has not been reported. Our objective is to determine the role of Luman in folliculogenesis by knocking down Luman expression in mouse GCs (granulosa cells) using shRNA. Luman expression was successfully knocked down in mouse GCs at the mRNA and protein level, as confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Knockdown of Luman significantly decreased the concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in cell culture medium. Furthermore, Luman knockdown promoted cell proliferation but had no effect on cell apoptosis. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism underlying the effects of Luman knockdown on steroid synthesis and cell cycle, we measured the mRNA and protein expression levels of several related genes. The expression of Star, Cyp19a1, and Cyp1b1, which encode steroidogenic enzymes, was down-regulated, while that of Cyp11a1 and Runx2, which also encode steroidogenic enzymes, was up-regulated. The expression of the cell cycle factors Cyclin A1, Cyclin B1, Cyclin D2, and Cyclin E was significantly up-regulated. Among apoptosis-related genes, only Bcl-2 was down-regulated, while Caspase 3, Bax and p53 were not significantly affected, suggesting that Luman knockdown may regulate cell cycle activity and hormone secretion at the transcriptional and translational level in mouse GCs. The expression of two important genes associated with folliculogenesis in mouse GCs, Has2 and Ptgs2, were also significantly altered by Luman knockdown. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that Luman regulates mouse GCs modulation of steroid synthesis, cell cycle activity and other regulators of folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Xu M, Che L, Yang Z, Zhang P, Shi J, Li J, Lin Y, Fang Z, Che L, Feng B, Wu D, Xu S. Effect of High Fat Dietary Intake during Maternal Gestation on Offspring Ovarian Health in a Pig Model. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080498. [PMID: 27529279 PMCID: PMC4997411 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat intake is a global health concern as women of childbearing age increasingly ingest a high fat diet. We therefore determined the association of a maternal high fat diet in pregnancy with offspring ovarian health during the gestation and postnatal female offspring in pig a model. Thirty-two Yorkshire gilts with similar bodyweights mated at the third estrus were randomly assigned to two nutrition levels of either a control (CON, crude fat: 7.27%) or a high fat diet (HFD, crude fat: 11.78%). Ovary samples were collected during the fetal (Day 55 (g55) and Day 90 of gestation (g90)) and offspring (prepuberty Day 160 (d160) and age at puberty) period to detect ovary development, antioxidant status and apoptosis cells. Maternal HFD did not influence notch signaling gene expression, which regulates primordial follicle formation and transformation, and ovarian histological effect at g55 and g90. However, maternal HFD reduced the numbers of large follicles at d160 and small follicle numbers upon puberty compared to CON in offspring. The results also revealed that the antioxidant index of total antioxidative capability (T-AOC), cytoplasmic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and mRNA expression were higher in the CON than the HFD at g90 and d160, whereas, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was decreased in the CON. Maternal HFD increased the inhibitor of the apoptosis-related gene of B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl2) mRNA expression at g90 and d160, whereas, pro-apoptotic-related gene bcl-2 assaciated X protein (bax) was reduced. These data show that the maternal high fat diet does not delay fetal ovarian development, but it changes ovarian health by the induction of oxidative stress and accelerating cell apoptosis in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Long Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiankai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Weller M, Fortes M, Marcondes M, Rotta P, Gionbeli T, Valadares Filho S, Campos M, Silva F, Silva W, Moore S, Guimarães S. Effect of maternal nutrition and days of gestation on pituitary gland and gonadal gene expression in cattle. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3056-3071. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Menoprogen, a TCM Herbal Formula for Menopause, Increases Endogenous E2 in an Aged Rat Model of Menopause by Reducing Ovarian Granulosa Cell Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2574637. [PMID: 26981526 PMCID: PMC4769746 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2574637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Menoprogen (MPG) on ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis was investigated in vitro and in vivo in an aged rat model of menopause. Intragastric administration of Menoprogen or estradiol valerate to 14-month-old senile female rats for eight weeks increased plasma E2 levels, as well as the weight of both ovarian and uterine tissues. Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of isolated GCs from MPG-treated aged rats showed reductions in the G0/G1 ratio and apoptotic peaks. Isolated GCs also exhibited an increase in cell size and the number of cytoplastic organelles and intracellular gap junctions, the reappearance of secretory granules, and a lack of apoptotic bodies as determined by TEM. Results from a TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed a reduction in TUNEL-positive GCs after MPG treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a downregulation of proapoptotic Bax proteins and an upregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. The addition of MPG-medicated serum to the media of cultured GCs also reduced cadmium chloride-induced apoptosis and downregulated caspase-3 protein expression. This work demonstrates that Menoprogen inhibits GC apoptosis in aged female rats and thereby increases E2 production. This represents a novel mechanism of action for this herbal medicine in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
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Rak A, Drwal E, Wróbel A, Gregoraszczuk EŁ. Resistin is a survival factor for porcine ovarian follicular cells. Reproduction 2015; 150:343-55. [PMID: 26159832 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the expression of resistin in the porcine ovary, the regulation of its expression and its direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of resistin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in a co-culture model of porcine granulosa and theca cells. First, we analysed the effect of resistin at 1 and 10 ng/ml alone or in combination with FSH- and IGF1 on ovarian cell proliferation with an alamarBlue assay and protein expression of cyclins A and B using western blot. Next, the mRNA and protein expression of selected pro-apoptotic and pro-survival regulators of cell apoptosis, caspase-9, -8 and -3 activity and DNA fragmentation using real time PCR, western blot, fluorescent assay and an ELISA kit, respectively, were analysed after resistin treatment. Furthermore, we determined the effect of resistin on the protein expression of ERK1/2, Stat and Akt kinase. Using specific inhibitors of these kinases, we also checked caspase-3 activity and protein expression. We found that resistin, at both doses, has no effect on cell proliferation. The results showed that resistin decreased pro-apoptotic genes, which was confirmed on protein expression of selected factors. We demonstrate an inhibitory effect of resistin on caspase activity and DNA fragmentation. Finally, resistin stimulated phosphorylation of the ERK1/2, Stat and Akt and kinases inhibitors reversed resistin action on caspase-3 activity and protein expression to control. All of these results showed that resistin has an inhibitory effect on porcine ovarian cell apoptosis by activation of the MAPK/ERK, JAK/Stat and Akt/PI3 kinase signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Eliza Drwal
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Wróbel
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewa Łucja Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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Zhang G, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Lan S, Jia R, Wang Z, Fan Y, Wang F. Expression of Mitochondria-Associated Genes (PPARGC1A, NRF-1, BCL-2 and BAX) in Follicular Development and Atresia of Goat Ovaries. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:465-73. [PMID: 25779891 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most follicles undergo atresia during the developmental process. Follicular atresia is predominantly regulated by apoptosis of granulosa cells, but the mechanism underlying apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the mitochondria-associated genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, coactivator1-alpha (PPARGC1A), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) played a role in follicular atresia through this pathway. The four mitochondria-associated proteins (PGC-1α, which are encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, NRF-1, BCL-2 and BAX) mainly expressed in granulosa cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PPARGC1A/PGC-1α and NRF-1 in granulosa cells increased with the follicular development. These results showed that these genes may play a role in the regulation of the follicular development. In addition, compared with healthy follicles, the granulosa cell in atretic follicles had a reduced expression of NRF-1, increased BAX expression and increased ratio of BAX to BCL-2 expression. These results suggested that changes of the mitochondria-associated gene expression patterns in granulosa cells may lead to follicular atresia during goat follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Liu S, Yu C, Cheng D, Han X, Jiang L, Zheng R, Meng X, Zhang T, Huo L. Aroclor 1254 impairs the development of ovarian follicles by inducing the apoptosis of granulosa cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroclor 1254 impairs the development of follicle (primordial follicle excluded), possibly via the induction of apoptosis mainly in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
- China
| | - Chunna Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University
- China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- China
- Shandong University Institute of Preventive Medicine
- China
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
- China
| | - Ligang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
- China
| | - Rongbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
- China
| | - Xiaoqian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
- China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- China
- Shandong University Institute of Preventive Medicine
- China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics
- Breeding
- and Reproduction
- Ministry of Education
- College of Animal Science and Technology
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Laban M, Ibrahim EAS, Agur W, Elddin Ahmed AMB. Bcl-2 may play a role in the progression of endometrial hyperplasia and early carcinogenesis, but not linked to further tumorigenesis ☆. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2014; 3:19-24. [PMID: 30023177 PMCID: PMC6014220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Bcl-2 in initiation and progression of endometrial carcinoma is still with inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to determine the role of Bcl-2 in endometrial tumorigenesis. It is a retrospective cross sectional study. We used 100 endometrial paraffin embedded specimens for Bcl-2 oncoprotein immunohistochemical staining; 20 samples of normal endometrium, 40 specimens of endometrial hyperplasia (simple, complex and atypical) and 40 specimens of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The results were statistically analyzed. There was a significant increase in Bcl-2 staining from normal through complex and atypical hyperplasia into well differentiated adenocarcinoma (P =0.002, P =0.0008 and P =0.0001, respectively). There was a significant difference between the staining of different types of endometrial hyperplasia; as it up streamed from the simple through the complex up to the atypical types (P <0.05). Bcl-2 staining showed no significant correlation with the moderately, poorly differentiated and the different stages of adenocarcinoma (P =0.6, P =0.29 and P =0.1 respectively). These results might indicate a substantial role for Bcl-2 as one of the initiating drives for endometrial tumorigenesis, but not in further tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Laban
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wael Agur
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NHS Ayrshire & Arran, NHS Research Scotland, UK
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Shah KB, Tripathy S, Suganthi H, Rudraiah M. Profiling of luteal transcriptome during prostaglandin F2-alpha treatment in buffalo cows: analysis of signaling pathways associated with luteolysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104127. [PMID: 25102061 PMCID: PMC4125180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In several species including the buffalo cow, prostaglandin (PG) F2α is the key molecule responsible for regression of corpus luteum (CL). Experiments were carried out to characterize gene expression changes in the CL tissue at various time points after administration of luteolytic dose of PGF2α in buffalo cows. Circulating progesterone levels decreased within 1 h of PGF2α treatment and evidence of apoptosis was demonstrable at 18 h post treatment. Microarray analysis indicated expression changes in several of immediate early genes and transcription factors within 3 h of treatment. Also, changes in expression of genes associated with cell to cell signaling, cytokine signaling, steroidogenesis, PG synthesis and apoptosis were observed. Analysis of various components of LH/CGR signaling in CL tissues indicated decreased LH/CGR protein expression, pCREB levels and PKA activity post PGF2α treatment. The novel finding of this study is the down regulation of CYP19A1 gene expression accompanied by decrease in expression of E2 receptors and circulating and intra luteal E2 post PGF2α treatment. Mining of microarray data revealed several differentially expressed E2 responsive genes. Since CYP19A1 gene expression is low in the bovine CL, mining of microarray data of PGF2α-treated macaques, the species with high luteal CYP19A1 expression, showed good correlation between differentially expressed E2 responsive genes between both the species. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that PGF2α interferes with luteotrophic signaling, impairs intra-luteal E2 levels and regulates various signaling pathways before the effects on structural luteolysis are manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal B Shah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sudeshna Tripathy
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Hepziba Suganthi
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Medhamurthy Rudraiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Soy isoflavones administered to rats from weaning until sexual maturity affect ovarian follicle development by inducing apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:51-60. [PMID: 25035168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one-day-old female Wistar rats were treated daily with orally administered soy isoflavones (SIFs) at concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight from weaning until sexual maturity (3 mo.), and ovarian follicle development was evaluated. At the end of the treatment period, the ultrastructure of the ovarian granulosa cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The apoptotic cell death of ovarian granulosa cells was detected using TUNEL staining. The mRNA expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bcl2, Bax, and Fas were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of caspase-3, Bcl2, Bax, and Fas were determined by western blotting. Our data showed that exposure to SIFs resulted in morphological changes consistent with ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. The percentage of TUNEL-positive granulosa cells was increased. The mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, and Fas increased significantly. The protein levels of Bax, Fas, and cleaved caspase-3 were also increased. These results indicate that the exposure of rats to modest doses of SIFs from weaning until sexual maturity can affect ovarian follicle development by inducing apoptosis. The mechanism of SIF-induced alterations in ovarian follicle development may involve the activation of Fas-mediated and Bcl2/Bax-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways.
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28
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Abdollahi M, Salehnia M, Salehpour S, Ghorbanmehr N. Human ovarian tissue vitrification/warming has minor effect on the expression of apoptosis-related genes. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 17:179-86. [PMID: 23999713 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1243.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the incidence of apoptosis at the ultrastructural levels and expression of some apoptosis-related genes in vitrified human ovarian tissue just after warming. METHODS Human ovarian tissue biopsies from 23 women after caesarean section were transported to the laboratory within 2 hours, and then they were cut into small pieces. Some pieces were vitrified and warmed and the other samples were considered as control. Apoptosis was assessed by a transmission electron microscope and also by molecular analysis of pro-apoptotic (Fas, FasL, Bax, p53, caspase8, and caspase3) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-2 and BIRC5) genem RNA levels using real-time RT-PCR before and after vitrification. RESULTS No sign of apoptosis was shown ultrastructurally in vitrified samples. The level of FasL, Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and caspase3 mRNA and Bax:Bcl-2 ratio were similar in non-vitrified and vitrified groups; however, the expression of Fas and caspase8 genes was higher and BIRC5 was lower in vitrified samples compared to non-vitrified group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The fine structure of human vitrified ovarian tissue was well preserved; moreover, vitrification was shown to affect the expression of some apoptosis-related genes. However, additional study is needed to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maasoume Abdollahi
- Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Changes in granulosa cells gene expression associated with growth, plateau and atretic phases in medium bovine follicles. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:50. [PMID: 24955130 PMCID: PMC4046060 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to build the transcriptomic profile of granulosa cells originating from follicles 6 to 9 mm in diameter in dairy cattle using microarrays. Methods Granulosa cells originating from three different phases of antral follicle growth were compared: growing (G), plateau (P) and atresia (A), as categorized by flow cytometry profiles of DNA. The growing and atretic conditions were each hybridized against the plateau condition as a reference in order to understand the specific biological mechanisms modulated in this class of follicles. Results 2,942 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) in P vs. G and 1,974 in A vs. P. A clear segregation of the 3 phases was confirmed by between group analysis (BGA). The first characteristic of the plateau phase is the activation of the upstream regulators TP53 and PTEN which participate in the reduction of cell growth through MYC, FOS and E2F1-2-3. We also observed the down-regulation of steroidogenesis genes: CYP11A1 and CYP19A1, in the granulosa cells of the plateau phase relative to the growth phase. On the other hand, the A vs. P contrast showed up-regulation of multiple transcripts associated to apoptosis: CCT2, DAB2, DSG2 and TGM2. Conclusions This study offers multiple candidate genes to be further studied in order to elucidate their role in the modulation of follicular development and, ultimately, of oocyte quality.
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Osafi J, Hejazi A, Stutz DD, Keiserman MA, Bergman CJ, Kingsley K. Differential Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas In Vitro. J Diet Suppl 2014; 11:145-54. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2013.859209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Wang XL, Wang K, Zhao S, Wu Y, Gao H, Zeng SM. Oocyte-secreted growth differentiation factor 9 inhibits BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death-extra long expression in porcine cumulus cell. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:56. [PMID: 23843241 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs) maintain the low incidence of cumulus cell apoptosis. In this report, we described that the presence of oocytes suppressed the expression of proapoptotic protein BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death-extra long (BIMEL) in porcine cumulus cells. Atretic (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive) cumulus cells strongly expressed BIMEL protein. The healthy cumulus- oocyte complex exhibited a low BIMEL expression in cumulus cell while the removal of oocyte led to an about 2.5-fold (P < 0.5) increased expression in oocytectomized complex (OOX). Coculturing OOXs with denuded oocytes decreased BIMEL expression to the normal level. The similar expression pattern could also be achieved in OOXs treated with exogenous recombinant mouse growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), a well-characterized OSF. This inhibitory action of GDF9 was prevented by the addition of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Luciferase assay further demonstrated that BIM gene expression was forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)-dependent because mutation of FOXO3a-binding site on the BIM promoter inhibited luciferase activities. Moreover, the activity of BIM promoter encompassing the FOXO3a-binding site could be regulated by GDF9. Additionally, we found that GDF9 elevated the levels of phosphorylated AKT and FOXO3a, and this process was independent of the SMAD signal pathway. Taken together, we concluded that OSFs, particularly GDF9, maintained the low level of BIMEL expression in cumulus cell through activation of the PI3K/FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Long Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li HJ, Wang CY, Mi Y, Du CG, Cao GF, Sun XC, Liu DJ, Shorgan B. FasL-induced apoptosis in bovine oocytes via the Bax signal. Theriogenology 2013; 80:248-55. [PMID: 23755802 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The factor associated suicide (Fas) and its ligand (FasL) signaling is an important regulatory pathway of apoptosis in mammalian follicles. However, whether apoptosis in bovine oocytes is regulated by the Fas-FasL signaling pathway remains unknown. In this study, localization of Fas and FasL in immature oocytes and FasL in cumulus cells were examined using immunofluorescence staining. In addition, exogenous FasL was added to an in vitro culture system to investigate apoptotic changes in bovine oocytes, using annexin-V and terminal uridine nick-end labeling staining, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In this study, Fas was expressed in immature oocytes, whereas FasL was expressed in cumulus cells, but not in immature oocytes; annexin-V- and terminal uridine nick-end labeling-positive rates of oocytes treated with 2, 10, or 50 ng/mL FasL were higher than those of control oocytes (P < 0.05); and oocytes from the three treatment groups had higher expression levels of Fas and B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 associated X than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Taken together, we concluded that the Fas-FasL signaling pathway was involved in regulation of bovine oocyte apoptosis, perhaps related to B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 associated X upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China.
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Zorrilla LM, D'Annibale MA, Swing SE, Gadsby JE. Expression of Genes Associated with Apoptosis in the Porcine Corpus Luteum During the Oestrous Cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:755-61. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- LM Zorrilla
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; NC; USA
| | - MA D'Annibale
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; NC; USA
| | - SE Swing
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; NC; USA
| | - JE Gadsby
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; NC; USA
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Apoptosis of human ovarian tissue is not increased by either vitrification or rapid cooling. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:492-9. [PMID: 22999557 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the incidence of morphological changes, as assessed by light microscopy, and apoptosis in vitrified and rapidly cooled human ovarian tissue. Apoptosis was assessed 30 min and 24h after warming using transmission electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay and DNA fragmentation, as determined by gel electrophoresis. The results showed no significant changes in morphology, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation or TUNEL-positive cells in follicles attributable to cryopreservation or exposure to the cryoprotectant solutions alone. In conclusion, the cryopreservation protocols did not affect the incidence of apoptosis and either protocol could be an alternative to slow cooling of ovarian tissue. This study evaluated the incidence of morphological changes, as assessed by light microscopy, and apoptosis in human ovarian tissue cryopreserved using two different methods, i.e. vitrification and rapid cooling. Apoptosis was assessed in tissue 30 min and 24h after warming using transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay and DNA fragmentation as determined by gel electrophoresis. The results showed no significant changes in morphology, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation or TUNEL-positive cells in follicles attributable to cryopreservation or exposure to the cryopreservation solutions alone. In conclusion, the cryopreservation protocols did not affect the incidence of apoptosis in human ovarian tissue and either protocol could be an alternative to slow cooling for the preservation of ovarian tissue.
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Matsuda F, Inoue N, Manabe N, Ohkura S. Follicular growth and atresia in mammalian ovaries: regulation by survival and death of granulosa cells. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:44-50. [PMID: 22450284 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2011-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian ovary is an extremely dynamic organ in which a large majority of follicles are effectively eliminated throughout their reproductive life. Due to the numerous efforts of researchers, mechanisms regulating follicular growth and atresia in mammalian ovaries have been clarified, not only their systemic regulation by hormones (gonadotropins) but also their intraovarian regulation by gonadal steroids, growth factors, cytokines and intracellular proteins. Granulosa cells in particular have been demonstrated to play a major role in deciding the fate of follicles, serving molecules that are essential for follicular growth and maintenance as well as killing themselves by an apoptotic process that results in follicular atresia. In this review, we discuss the factors that govern follicular growth and atresia, with a special focus on their regulation by granulosa cells. First, ovarian folliculogenesis in adult life is outlined. Then, we explain about the regulation of follicular growth and atresia by granulosa cells, in which hormones, growth factors and cytokines, death ligand-receptor system and B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL2) family members (mitochondria-mediated apoptosis) are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuko Matsuda
- Laboratory of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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36
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Salvetti NR, Ortega HH, Veiga-Lopez A, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: impact of prenatal testosterone excess on ovarian cell proliferation and apoptotic factors in sheep. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:22, 1-10. [PMID: 22539681 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T) excess leads to reproductive dysfunctions in sheep, which include increased ovarian follicular recruitment and persistence. To test the hypothesis that follicular disruptions in T sheep stem from changes in the developmental ontogeny of ovarian proliferation and apoptotic factors, pregnant Suffolk sheep were injected twice weekly with T propionate or dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHT; a nonaromatizable androgen) from Days 30 to 90 of gestation. Changes in developmental expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), BCL2, BAX, activated CASP3, and FAS/FASLG were determined at Fetal Days 90 and 140, 22 wk, 10 mo, and 21 mo of age by immunocytochemisty. Prenatal T treatment induced changes in expression of proliferative and apoptotic markers in a follicle-, age-, and steroid-specific manner. Changes in BAX were evident only during fetal life and PCNA, BCL2, and CASP3 only postnatally. Prenatal T and not DHT increased PCNA and decreased BCL2 in granulosa/theca cells of antral follicles at 10 and 21 mo but decreased CASP3 in granulosa/theca cells of antral follicles at 22 wk (prepubertal) and 10 and 21 mo. Both treatments decreased BAX immunostaining in granulosa cells of Fetal Day 90 primordial/primary follicles. Neither treatment affected FAS expression at any developmental time point in any follicular compartment. Effects on BAX appear to be programmed by androgenic actions and PCNA, BCL2, and CASP3 by estrogenic actions of T. Overall, the findings demonstrate that fetal exposure to excess T disrupts the ovarian proliferation/apoptosis balance, thus providing a basis for the follicular disruptions evidenced in these females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia R Salvetti
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Argentina
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Durlej M, Knapczyk-Stwora K, Slomczynska M. Prenatal and neonatal flutamide administration increases proliferation and reduces apoptosis in large antral follicles of adult pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 132:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sun Y, Lin Y, Li H, Liu J, Sheng X, Zhang W. 2,5-Hexanedione induces human ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis through BCL-2, BAX, and CASPASE-3 signaling pathways. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:205-15. [PMID: 21901545 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) is the main active metabolite of n-hexane in the human body. The toxicity of n-hexane and 2,5-hexanedione has been extensively researched, but toxicity to the reproductive system, especially the impact on female reproductive function, has been less frequently reported. In this study, we exposed human ovarian granulosa cells to 0, 16, 64, and 256 μM 2,5-HD in vitro for 24 h. Through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Hoechst 33342 staining, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry using FITC-Annexin V/PI double staining, 2,5-HD was demonstrated to cause significant apoptosis of human ovarian granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner. As part of our continuing studies, we investigated the underlying apoptosis mechanism of human ovarian granulosa cells exposed to 0, 16, 64, and 256 μM 2,5-HD in vitro for 24 h. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect changes in the expression of the apoptosis-related BCL-2 family (BCL-2, BAX) and CASPASE family (CASPASE-3) with increasing 2,5-HD concentration. The results showed that with increasing 2,5-HD doses, the expression of BCL-2 decreased. However, a marked dose-dependent increase in the expression of BAX and active CASPASE-3 (p17) was observed in human ovarian granulosa cells. These results suggest that the mechanisms of 2,5-HD causing increased apoptosis in human ovarian granulosa cells might be through BCL-2, BAX, and CASPASE-3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
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Merdassi G, Mazoyer C, Guerin JF, Saad A, Salle B, Lornage J. Examination of viability and quality of ovarian tissue after cryopreservation using simple laboratory methods in ewe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:78. [PMID: 21651765 PMCID: PMC3128841 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study is to assess viability tests and to evaluate follicle ovarian tissue quality after freezing-thawing procedures. METHODS Ewe's ovaries were harvested at the slaughterhouse, after dissection each ovarian specimen was divided into two groups: fresh tissue (control group) and frozen tissue.In the first part of the study, the follicles viability was assessed by trypan blue staining, calcein AM/ethidium homodimer-1 staining (LIVE/DEAD viability/cytotoxicity kit, Molecular Probes) and morphology in the two groups. In the second part of the study the quality of the whole ovarian tissue was evaluated by the quantification of the release of lactate dehydrogenase measurement (Cytotoxicity Detection kit ROCHE), DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) in primordial and primary follicles (ApopDETEK Kit system Enzo) and morphology in the two groups. 100 Follicles (primordial and primary) were counted on both fresh and frozen hemiovary to assess this various tests. RESULTS Ovarian follicle viability assessment was similar using trypan blue or calcein/ethidium staining. Follicles showed a decreased viability after freezing-thawing.After cryopreservation, a significant correlation between the percentage of normal follicles and viability rate was found using trypan blue (r=0.82, p<0.05) or calcein AM/ethidium homodimer-1 staining (r=0.76, p<0.05). Increased cytotoxicity showed by enhancement of LDH release was found after cryopreservation (21.60+/-1.1% vs 52.2+/-7.7%). A significant negative correlation between the percentage of morphologically normal follicles and cytotoxicity was observed. No significant difference in DNA fragmentation rate between frozen and control groups was found (26±8.2% vs 38±4.5%). CONCLUSION We suggest the use of trypan blue staining for the histological assessment of viability, the use of LDH assay for the cytotoxicity assessement and finally the use of DNA fragmentation assessment to valid different freezing-thawing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaya Merdassi
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la reproduction, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Unité de Procréation Médicalement Assistée Hôpital Aziza Othmana. Place Du Gouvernement 1000 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Claire Mazoyer
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la reproduction, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U846, H Kennedy, 18 avenue Doyen Lépine, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Jean F Guerin
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la reproduction, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U846, H Kennedy, 18 avenue Doyen Lépine, 69500 Bron, France
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction, Hopital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Ali Saad
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique et biologie de la reproduction, Hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Bruno Salle
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la reproduction, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U846, H Kennedy, 18 avenue Doyen Lépine, 69500 Bron, France
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction, Hopital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Jacqueline Lornage
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la reproduction, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U846, H Kennedy, 18 avenue Doyen Lépine, 69500 Bron, France
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction, Hopital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
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Lefèvre B. [Follicular atresia: Its features as predictive markers for the outcome of assisted reproduction]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 39:58-62. [PMID: 21227730 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian ovary is an extremely dynamic organ in which excessive or defective follicles are rapidly and effectively eliminated continuously throughout reproductive life. More than 99 % of follicles disappear, due to apoptosis of granulosa cells, and only one or few of the surviving follicles successfully complete the path to ovulation. The balance between signals for cell death and survival determines the destiny of the follicles. In this review, we provide a short overview of the role of programmed cell death essentially in adult folliculogenesis. We highlight molecules involved in regulation of granulosa cell apoptosis. We further discuss the potential use of scores for apoptosis in granulosa cells and characteristics of follicular fluid as prognostic markers for predicting the outcome of assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lefèvre
- Inserm U, département génétique et développement, université Paris-Descartes, France.
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41
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Ling J, Zhao K, Cui YG, Li Y, Wang X, Li M, Xue K, Ma X, Liu JY. Heat shock protein 10 regulated apoptosis of mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:63-71. [PMID: 20828243 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.487594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the roles of heat shock proteins10 (HSP10) in the regulation of mouse ovarian granulose cell (GC) apoptosis, and to further define the possible roles of HSP10 in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Mouse HSP10 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and recombinant adenoviruses overexpressing HSP10 were constructed and subsequently transfected into cultured mouse ovarian GCs. After an infection period of 48 h, the expression levels of the HSP10 gene in mouse GCs were confirmed by Western blot. The GCs were also assessed for apoptosis using flow cytometry and the TUNEL assay. Apoptosis of GCs overexpressing HSP10 was assessed by flow cytometry after cisplatin treatment. RESULTS Compared with control group, the expression of HSP10 was decreased in mouse GCs infected with AdCMV-siRNA/HSP10, whereas mouse GCs infected with AdCMV-HSP10 showed increased HSP10 expression p < 0.05. Knock-down of HSP10 in mouse GCs significantly increased apoptosis (p < 0.05), whereas overexpression of HSP10 significantly suppressed apoptosis induced by cisplatin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the present primary study, we have successfully employed recombinant adenovirus technologies to modulate HSP10 gene expression in mouse GCs, and examined the effects on apoptosis. Our experiments have demonstrated that knock-down of HSP10 induces apoptosis of mouse ovarian GCs, whereas overexpression of HSP10 suppresses apoptosis. These findings suggested that HSP10 may play a role in the regulation of apoptosis of mouse ovarian GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ling
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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42
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Jääskeläinen M, Nieminen A, Pökkylä RM, Kauppinen M, Liakka A, Heikinheimo M, Vaskivuo TE, Klefström J, Tapanainen JS. Regulation of cell death in human fetal and adult ovaries--role of Bok and Bcl-X(L). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 330:17-24. [PMID: 20673843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Of eight million oocytes formed in fetal ovaries, only 400 are ovulated and the rest are degraded via apoptosis. Studies in rodents suggest an important role for Bok and Bcl-X(L) in ovarian apoptosis, but their expression patterns and roles in human ovaries are not well known. Protein expression of Bok and Bcl-X(L) as well as the death pathway effectors TNF and caspase-3 were determined in an important collection of samples consisting of human fetal and adult ovaries. A penetrant expression of Bok, Bcl-X(L), TNF and full length and cleaved caspase-3 were characterized in fetal ovaries, with specific patterns in oocytes and pre-granulosa/granulosa cells. Bok and Bcl-X(L) were detected also in adult ovaries. Lentiviral shRNA delivery demonstrated that loss of Bok markedly reduces vulnerability to apoptosis and, conversely, loss of Bcl-X(L) increases apoptosis in human granulosa tumour cell line. The results suggest important roles for Bok and Bcl-X(L) in human ovarian development, follicle maturation and apoptosis.
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Chatelain K, Phippen S, McCabe J, Teeters CA, O'Malley S, Kingsley K. Cranberry and grape seed extracts inhibit the proliferative phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinomas. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011:467691. [PMID: 18955355 PMCID: PMC3138501 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, compounds highly concentrated in dietary fruits, such as cranberries and grapes, demonstrate significant cancer prevention potential against many types of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate cranberry and grape seed extracts to quantitate and compare their anti-proliferative effects on the most common type of oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma. Using two well-characterized oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, CAL27 and SCC25, assays were performed to evaluate the effects of cranberry and grape seed extract on phenotypic behaviors of these oral cancers. The proliferation of both oral cancer cell lines was significantly inhibited by the administration of cranberry and grape seed extracts, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, key regulators of apoptosis, caspase-2 and caspase-8, were concomitantly up-regulated by these treatments. However, cranberry and grape seed extracts elicited differential effects on cell adhesion, cell morphology, and cell cycle regulatory pathways. This study represents one of the first comparative investigations of cranberry and grape seed extracts and their anti-proliferative effects on oral cancers. Previous findings using purified proanthocyanidin from grape seed extract demonstrated more prominent growth inhibition, as well as apoptosis-inducing, properties on CAL27 cells. These observations provide evidence that cranberry and grape seed extracts not only inhibit oral cancer proliferation but also that the mechanism of this inhibition may function by triggering key apoptotic regulators in these cell lines. This information will be of benefit to researchers interested in elucidating which dietary components are central to mechanisms involved in the mediation of oral carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourt Chatelain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
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Kingsley* K, Jensen D, Toponce R, Dye J, Martin D, Phippen S, Ross D, Halthore VS, O’Malley S. Inhibition of Oral Cancer Growth in Vitro Is Modulated Through Differential Signaling Pathways by Over-the-Counter Proanthocyanidin Supplements. J Diet Suppl 2010; 7:130-44. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211003781685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chen F, Jiang X, Chen X, Liu G, Ding J. Effects of downregulation of inhibin alpha gene expression on apoptosis and proliferation of goose granulosa cells. J Genet Genomics 2009; 34:1106-13. [PMID: 18155623 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(07)60126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibin alpha is one of the candidate genes that control the ovulation in poultry. To study the genetic effects of inhibin alpha on apoptosis and proliferation of goose granulosa cells cultured in vitro, two RNA interference (RNAi) expression vectors, psiRNA-INH alpha 1 and psiRNA-INH alpha 2, were constructed to knock down inhibin alpha gene expression. After 48 h of transfection, the efficiency of these two RNAi expression vectors was examined by fluorescence microscopy. Meanwhile, inhibin protein expression levels, apoptosis indexes (AI) and proliferation indexes (PI) of granulosa cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, the supernatants were collected to assay the concentrations of estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P) by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that the expression level of inhibin alpha in the RNAi group were decreased 30%-40% than those in the control groups (P < 0.05) and the apoptosis indexes and proliferation indexes in the RNAi groups were significantly higher than those in the control groups (P < 0.05). However, the E2 concentrations in the RNAi groups were lower than those in the control groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that inhibin alpha has antagonistic effect on granulosa cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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46
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Tingen CM, Bristol-Gould SK, Kiesewetter SE, Wellington JT, Shea L, Woodruff TK. Prepubertal primordial follicle loss in mice is not due to classical apoptotic pathways. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:16-25. [PMID: 19264701 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.074898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half of the primordial follicles that are formed by Day 6 of postnatal life in the mouse will be eliminated from the ovary by the time of puberty. Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is one mechanism by which these follicles could be actively lost. To investigate whether apoptosis is responsible for the loss of primordial follicles, follicular atresia was examined during the prepubertal period, when follicles die and are cleared from the ovary at an extremely high rate. Four hallmarks of classical apoptosis were measured in follicles present in prepubertal ovaries. The primordial follicle cohort was not positively associated with nuclear condensation or cell shrinkage, activation of caspase 3, cleavage of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), or fragmentation of DNA. These data are consistent with a nonapoptotic pathway that is responsible for small follicle death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace M Tingen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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47
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Mazoochi T, Salehnia M, Pourbeiranvand S, Forouzandeh M, Mowla SJ, Hajizadeh E. Analysis of apoptosis and expression of genes related to apoptosis in cultures of follicles derived from vitrified and non-vitrified ovaries. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:155-64. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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48
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Li HJ, Liu DJ, Cang M, Wang LM, Jin MZ, Ma YZ, Shorgan B. Early apoptosis is associated with improved developmental potential in bovine oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 114:89-98. [PMID: 19008057 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The poor quality of oocytes may be the main reason for the low efficiency of the current in vitro embryo production. However, efforts are required to understand the mechanisms of oocyte development, which is believed to be largely regulated by apoptosis in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of apoptosis in bovine immature oocytes with different developmental potentials and to determine whether early apoptosis in bovine oocytes is correlated with their subsequent development. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were selected and classified into four groups according to oocyte cytoplasm and cumulus status. Early and late stages of apoptosis were detected by Annexin-V and TUNEL staining, respectively. Developmental competence was evaluated by nuclear maturation (MII) after in vitro maturation and development rates in different stages following in vitro fertilization. Meanwhile, the transcripts of Bcl-2 and Bax genes were carried out in immature oocytes by real-time RT-PCR. Results indicated that Annexin-V-positive oocytes were detected in various groups at different percentages, and Group III showed the highest positive ratio. No TUNEL-positive oocytes were found in any immature COCs. Group III oocytes demonstrated the highest nuclear maturation, cleavage, blastocyst, and hatching blastocyst rates. Meanwhile, Group III oocytes exhibited the highest Bax (initiating apoptosis) transcriptional level and the lowest Bcl-2 (preventing apoptosis) transcriptional level. Taken together, Annexin-V and quantitative PCR results indicated that early apoptosis was beneficial for developmental competence, while TUNEL staining showed that none of the immature oocytes were undergoing late-stage apoptosis. This is the first time that Bax and Bcl-2 transcripts were characterized in the immature bovine oocyte, and results indicated that the genes are good markers of early apoptosis and embryo development. This research overthrows the traditional view that oocytes undergoing apoptosis have poor developmental competence, and the findings will facilitate oocyte selection and improvement of in vitro embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Li
- Key Laboratory of China Education Ministry for Research of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, PR China
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Krysko DV, Diez-Fraile A, Criel G, Svistunov AA, Vandenabeele P, D’Herde K. Life and death of female gametes during oogenesis and folliculogenesis. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1065-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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50
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Cansu A, Giray SG, Serdaroglu A, Erdogan D, Coskun ZK, Korucuoglu U, Biri AA. Effects of chronic treatment with valproate and oxcarbazepine on ovarian folliculogenesis in rats. Epilepsia 2008; 49:1192-201. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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