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Liu X, Tong Y, Qin J, Zhao Y. Efficacy and safety of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation in metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2025:104100. [PMID: 40348630 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
AIMS This review aims to address current research gaps and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). DATA SYNTHESIS Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched to find the randomized controlled trials published up to October 20, 2023. Anthropometric measurements, glucose, blood pressure and lipid metabolism were main outcomes, inflammatory markers, liver function, and etc. were the secondary outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted by Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 15.0. In addition, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to assess the stability of outcomes and potential sources of heterogeneity. Twenty-four full-text articles met the inclusion criteria, involving 1186 patients. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (WMD: -0.79 kg; p = 0.001), waist circumference (WMD: -1.04 cm; p = 0.0007), total cholesterol (SMD: -0.14; p = 0.03), triglyceride (SMD: -0.25; p = 0.0001), fasting blood glucose (SMD: -0.20; p = 0.003), and insulin levels (SMD: -0.17; p = 0.03). Additionally, the probiotic and synbiotic group showed increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: 0.15; p = 0.02). Subgroup analysis implied that age <50 years, intervention duration <12 weeks, and Asian patients may have better curative effects. No significant increase in adverse reactions was reported. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation can effectively improve body composition, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism in MetS patients without increasing adverse reactions. Further rigorous and long-term trials are required to validate these results and refine intervention details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Yuhan Tong
- Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Ghafouri A, Heshmati J, Heydari I, Shokouhi Shoormasti R, Estêvão MD, Hoseini AS, Morvaridzadeh M, Akbari‐Fakhrabadi M, Farsi F, Zarrati M, Pizarro AB, Shidfar F, Ziaei S. Effect of synbiotic bread containing lactic acid on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:4419-4430. [PMID: 36514747 PMCID: PMC9731550 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the use of synbiotics for managing various diseases has dramatically increased. Synbiotics have been shown to be a good approach to influence the composition of the gut microbiota with positive health effects. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications is one of the reasons for the ingestion of synbiotics and so the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of synbiotic bread intake on markers of lipid profile in T2DM patients. One hundred T2DM patients (age between 20 and 60 years) were randomly assigned to four groups to consume different types of synbiotic bread, three times/day, for 8 weeks: "synbiotic + lactic acid" (n = 25; IV), "synbiotic" (n = 25; III), "lactic acid brad" (n = 25; II), or "control" (n = 25; I). The measured outcomes included anthropometric characteristics, glycemic control parameters, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins. The consumption of "synbiotic + lactic acid bread" (group IV) and "lactic acid bread" (group II) led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) compared to the "control bread." The HbA1c levels were also significantly lower when compared to group II. Additionally, apolipoprotein A (Apo A1) levels were significantly decreased in group IV, compared to control and other groups (post hoc analysis). No significant differences between groups were observed for triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B100) levels. The observed results show that the synbiotic bread (with or without lactic acid) promoted a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and Apo A1 in diabetic patients when consumed daily for 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atie Ghafouri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Iraj Heydari
- Institute of Endocrinology and MetabolismIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Maria Dulce Estêvão
- Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde, Campus de GambelasFaroPortugal
| | - Ava Sadat Hoseini
- Department of Education and Health Promotion, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Songhor Healthcare CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | | | - Farnaz Farsi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Somayeh Ziaei
- ICU DepartmentEmam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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Chiu HF, Fang CY, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Efficacy of Probiotic Milk Formula on Blood Lipid and Intestinal Function in Mild Hypercholesterolemic Volunteers: A Placebo-control, Randomized Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:624-632. [PMID: 33404865 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that probiotics could modulate host lipid metabolism via altering the intestinal microbiota. Hence, the current study was aimed to assess the efficacy of a mixture of probiotic-contained milk formula (PMF) with three different bacterial strains [Lactobacillus acidophilus (La5), Lactobacillus casei (TMC), Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb12)] on lipid profile and intestinal function in healthy mild hypercholesterolemic volunteers. Totally, 40 healthy mild hypercholesterolemic subjects (180-220 mg/dL) were randomly assigned into two groups as placebo or experimental group. All the subjects were requested to drink either PMF (experimental) or skimmed milk drink formula-placebo (30 g mixed with 200 mL of water) for 10 weeks and continued by 2 weeks of the follow-up period. Supplementation of PMF for 10 weeks significantly improved (p < 0.05) the fecal weight, fecal movement (decreased fecal gastrointestinal passing time) by improving intestinal microbiota (increasing beneficial bacterial species like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium spp.), and lag time of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Also, intake of PMF substantially reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of total cholesterol (TC; 8.1%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c; 10.4%) and thus showcasing its cardioprotective efficacy. PMF considerably improves gastrointestinal function by modulating fecal movement, intestinal microbiota, and decrease cholesterol and might be helpful in the management of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung City-40301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yuan Fang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Byrne DF, Geraghty AA, Yelverton CA, Murphy EF, Van Sinderen D, Cotter PD, McAuliffe FM. The impact of probiotic supplementation on metabolic health in healthy women of reproductive age: a systematic review. Food Funct 2020; 11:10279-10289. [PMID: 33174573 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Products containing probiotics are targeted at healthy or at-risk individuals as a preventative measure to minimise disease risk. Most studies assessing the efficacy of probiotics in humans include a mixture of healthy and unhealthy populations, while studies that focus solely on female populations are largely limited to pregnancy or those with health conditions. Pre-conception is a significant time-point during the life-course, and improving female health status during this period may positively influence future offspring. The objective of this review is to assess the effect of probiotics administered in oral capsule formulation, on metabolic and immune markers in healthy, non-pregnant women of reproductive age. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. English language articles relating to randomised-controlled trials were included. The search returned 3250 publications after duplicates were removed. Title (2516), abstract (642), and full text (87) screening excluded 3993 studies from consideration. Five papers were identified with outcomes of interest, and analysis of these showed no conclusive evidence that probiotic capsule supplementation elicited positive effects in this healthy population. This study highlights the need for further research to investigate the role that probiotics play during the pre-conception period, on female metabolic and immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Byrne
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Walsh CJ, Healy S, O’Toole PW, Murphy EF, Cotter PD. The probiotic L. casei LC-XCAL™ improves metabolic health in a diet-induced obesity mouse model without altering the microbiome. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1704141. [PMID: 32403964 PMCID: PMC7524140 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1747330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity may be a target for improvement of metabolic health. Some exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacteria have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. However, evidence for the role of EPS-producing probiotics in the management of obesity and associated conditions is scarce and the role of the microbiota is unclear. In this study, two probiotic candidates were screened for their effects on metabolic health using the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with the anti-inflammatory, EPS-producing strain L. caseiLC-XCAL™ showed significantly reduced hepatic triglycerides, hepatic total cholesterol, and fat pad weight compared to those fed a high-fat diet alone, likely as a result of reduced energy absorption from food. 16-S rRNA amplicon analysis of the fecal microbiota of these mice indicated that the altered metabolic phenotype as a result of the L. casei LC-XCAL strain administration was not associated with an overall change in the composition or inferred functional capacity of the fecal microbiota despite some abundance changes in individual taxa and functions. These findings provide evidence that specific microbial strategies can improve metabolic health independent of the microbiome and reinforce the importance of carefully selecting the most appropriate strain for specific indications by thorough screening programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum J. Walsh
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Selena Healy
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,PrecisionBiotics Group Ltd., Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eileen F. Murphy
- PrecisionBiotics Group Ltd., Cork, Ireland,CONTACT Eileen F. Murphy PrecisionBiotic Group Ltd., 4400 Cork Airport Business Park, Kinsale Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Paul D. Cotter Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland
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Parastouei K, Saeidipoor S, Sepandi M, Abbaszadeh S, Taghdir M. Effects of synbiotic supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome in military personnel: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 168:362-367. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionMetabolic syndrome comprises a set of risk factors for chronic diseases including abdominal obesity, increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), altered lipid profile and elevated blood pressure (BP). Due to high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its complications in the military personnel, the relevant problems should be identified and controlled. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of synbiotic supplements on the components of metabolic syndrome in the military personnel with metabolic syndrome.MethodologySixty military personnel with metabolic syndrome were included in this double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial. During the intervention, they were asked to consume one capsule of synbiotic supplement or placebo per day for 8 weeks. Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, BP, FBG and lipid profile were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsThe results of the study showed that the synbiotic supplementation had a large significant adjusted effect on the BMI (Cohen’s d=0.82 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.34)). It also had a medium significant adjusted effect on the FBG (Cohen’s d=0.52 (95% CI 0.004 to 1.03)) as well as triglyceride (Cohen’s d=0.65 (95% CI 0.13 to 1.17)).ConclusionFindings of the study revealed that synbiotic supplementation may lead to a significant improvement in the BMI, triglyceride and FBG levels in the military personnel. Thus, consumption of synbiotic supplements is recommended as an adjuvant therapy in the military personnel with metabolic syndrome.
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Zheng ZY, Cao FW, Wang WJ, Yu J, Chen C, Chen B, Liu JX, Firrman J, Renye J, Ren DX. Probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum E680 and its effect on Hypercholesterolemic mice. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:239. [PMID: 32753060 PMCID: PMC7401229 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics have been reported to reduce total cholesterol levels in vitro, but more evidence is needed to determine the clinical relevance of this activity. Chinese traditional fermented pickles are a good source of lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, pickle samples were collected for screening lactic acid bacteria based on their ability to survive stresses encountered during gastrointestinal passage and cholesterol reducing potency. RESULTS Seventy five lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from 22 fermented pickles. From these bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum E680, showed the highest acid (85.25%) and bile tolerance (80.79%). It was sensitive to five of the eight antibiotics tested, inhibited the growth of four pathogenic bacteria, and reduced the total cholesterol level by 66.84% in broth culture. In vivo testing using hypercholesterolemic mice fed high-fat emulsion, independent of food intake, found that L. plantarum E680 suppressed body weight gain and reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with no effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Chinese traditional fermented pickles are a good source for probiotics. L. plantarum E680, isolated from pickles, was acid and bile tolerant, sensitive to antibiotics, and reduced cholesterol levels both in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results, L. plantarum E680 may have potential as a novel probiotic for the development of cholesterol-lowering functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yao Zheng
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fei-Wei Cao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Jun Wang
- Zhejiang YIMING food CO. LTD, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Zhejiang YIMING food CO. LTD, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Zhejiang YIMING food CO. LTD, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jenni Firrman
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - John Renye
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Da-Xi Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Śliwa-Dominiak J, Maciejewska D, Janda K, Stachowska E, Łoniewska B, Malinowski D, Borecki K, Marlicz W, Łoniewski I. The Effect of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Healthy People-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061788. [PMID: 32521799 PMCID: PMC7357153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of probiotic/synbiotic formulations to counteract cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in healthy people not receiving adjunctive medication. The systematic search (PubMed/MEDLINE/Embase) until 1 August 2019 was performed for randomized controlled trials in >20 adult patients. Random-effect meta-analysis subgroup and meta-regression analysis of co-primary (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), glucose, insulin, body weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, and blood pressure) and secondary outcomes (uric acid, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-PAI-1, fibrinogen, and any variable related to inflammation/endothelial dysfunction). We included 61 trials (5422 persons). The mean time of probiotic administration was 67.01 ± 38.72 days. Most of probiotic strains were of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. The other strains were Streptococci, Enterococci, and Pediococci. The daily probiotic dose varied between 106 and 1010 colony-forming units (CFU)/gram. Probiotics/synbiotics counteracted CMR factors (endpoint data on BMI: standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.156, p = 0.006 and difference in means (DM) = -0.45, p = 0.00 and on WC: SMD = -0.147, p = 0.05 and DM = -1.21, p = 0.02; change scores on WC: SMD = -0.166, p = 0.04 and DM = -1.35, p = 0.03) in healthy persons. Overweight/obese healthy people might additionally benefit from reducing total cholesterol concentration (change scores on WC in overweight/obese: SMD: -0.178, p = 0.049). Poor quality of probiotic-related trials make systematic reviews and meta-analyses difficult to conduct and draw definite conclusions. "Gold standard" methodology in probiotic studies awaits further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Janda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Borecki
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (I.Ł.); Tel.: +48-91-425-3231 (W.M.)
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (I.Ł.); Tel.: +48-91-425-3231 (W.M.)
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Karimi E, Heshmati J, Shirzad N, Vesali S, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Moini A, Sepidarkish M. The effect of synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indicators and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:60. [PMID: 32248805 PMCID: PMC7132870 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different therapies have been suggested for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but changes in lifestyle and diet have been considered. Diet and dietary factors can be very effective in modifying the disease. The positive effects of probiotic and synbiotics supplementation on improving lipid profiles and anthropometric indices have been examined in various diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of synbiotics supplementation on lipid and anthropometric profiles in infertile women with PCOS. Methods PCOS patients aged 19–37 years old were randomized to receive either synbiotics supplement (n = 50) or placebo (n = 49) for 12 weeks. Results Consumption of synbiotics compared to the placebo, resulted in a significant decrease in Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) value (Change Mean Difference (CMD): 4.66, 95%CI: 0.20, 9.13) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (CMD: 1.80, 95%CI: 0.34, 3.26). Although we failed to find a significant effect of synbiotics consumption on total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. We did not find differences in anthropometric indices between groups. Conclusions Overall, 12 weeks of synbiotics supplementation among PCOS women resulted in beneficial effects on LDL and HDL, although it is not yet clear how much our findings are clinically significant and more clinical studies with larger sample sizes are still needed. Trial registration Iranian Registry of clinical Trial, IRCT.ir, ID: IRCT2014110515536N2. Registered on 19 December 2015. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nooshin Shirzad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Vesali
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Discipline of Medicine, Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Roointan-Arash Maternity Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Bubnov R, Babenko L, Lazarenko L, Kryvtsova M, Shcherbakov O, Zholobak N, Golubnitschaja O, Spivak M. Can tailored nanoceria act as a prebiotic? Report on improved lipid profile and gut microbiota in obese mice. EPMA J 2019; 10:317-335. [PMID: 31832109 PMCID: PMC6882984 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome modulation is a pillar intervention to treat metabolic syndrome, prestages, and cascade of related pathologies such as atherosclerosis, among others. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic strains demonstrate efficacy to reduce obesity, dyslipidemia, and improve metabolic health. Novel prebiotic substances composed with known probiotics may strongly synergize health benefits to the host. The aim of this study was to evaluate beneficial effects of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains (probiotics) if composed with nanoceria (potential prebiotic) to reduce cholesterol levels and restore gut microbiota in obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two lines of mice were used in the study: BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks, 18-24 g) and CBA mice (11-12 months, 20-26 g); experimental animals were fed by fat-enriched diet 3 weeks before the evaluation. Animals were divided into groups to test probiotic strains and nanoceria. All groups received probiotic strains orally and cerium dioxide orally or intravenously in various composition. A group of untreated animals was used as a control. Cholesterol level and gut microbiota of mice were studied. RESULTS Cerium dioxide nanoparticles, probiotic strain L. casei ІМV В-7280, and composition B. animalis VKB/B. animalis VKL applied separately and in different combinations all reduced at different levels free and bound cholesterol in blood serum of mice fed by fat-enriched diet. The combination of 0.01 M nanoceria and probiotic strain L. casei ІМV В-7280 resulted in the fastest cholesterol level decrease in both young and mature animals. Oral administration of CeO2 applied alone reduced the number of microscopic fungi in the gut of mice and Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci and/or streptococci). Application of L. casei IMV B-7280 as a probiotic strain increased most significantly the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gut of mice. The most significant normalization of gut microbiota was observed after oral administration of alternatively either L. casei IMV B-7280 + 0.1 M CeO2 or L. casei IMV B-7280 + 0.01 M CeO2. CONCLUSION Dietary application of nanoceria combined with probiotic strains L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalis VKB, and B. animals VKL has significantly reduced both free and bound cholesterol levels in serum. Simultaneous administration of probiotics and cerium nanoparticles as a prebiotic, in various combinations, significantly enhanced positive individual effects of them on the gut microbiota spectrum. The presented results provide novel insights into mechanisms behind nutritional supplements and open new perspectives for application of probiotics combined with substances demonstrating prebiotic qualities benefiting, therefore, the host health. Follow-up translational measures are discussed to bring new knowledge from lab to the patient. If validated in a large-scale clinical study, this approach might be instrumental for primary and secondary prevention in obese individual and patients diagnosed with diabetes. To this end, individualized prediction and treatments tailored to the person are strongly recommended to benefit the health condition of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- Clinical Hospital “Pheophania” of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny Str., 21, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Lidiia Babenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Lazarenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Maryna Kryvtsova
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Shcherbakov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Nadiya Zholobak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Radiological Clinic, UKB, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Breast Cancer Research Centre, UKB, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, UKB, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mykola Spivak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- LCL ‘DIAPROF’, Svitlycky Str., 35, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
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11
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major health issue of modernized society with a high mortality rate. Lifestyle, genetic makeup, and diet are some of the major influencing factors associated with CVD. The dyslipidemia is one such factor related to the development of several CVD. Many studies proved that the consumption of probiotics confers several health benefits. Several studies reported the evaluation of the cholesterol-lowering ability of probiotics (probiotics that showed positive effect in vitro and in vivo studies) in human volunteers. The current review summarizes the outcomes of human studies on the cholesterol-lowering property of probiotics. Probiotic consumption significantly improved the health status of hypercholesteremic patients by reducing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The probiotic supplementation improved the lipid profile of diabetic patients, and obese people as well. However, not all probiotic interventions are effective against dyslipidemia. The results are controversial and depend on several factors such as probiotic strain, dose, duration of the treatment, lifestyle changes, etc. This literature survey indorses additional studies on the cholesterol-lowering property of probiotics, which could help to reduce the risk of CVD and other dyslipidemia associated health issues.
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12
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Smith-Ryan AE, Mock MG, Trexler ET, Hirsch KR, Blue MNM. Influence of a multistrain probiotic on body composition and mood in female occupational shift workers. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:765-773. [PMID: 30566363 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of a multistrain probiotic on body composition, regional adiposity, and a series of associated metabolic health outcomes. Female health care workers employed on a rotating-shift schedule (n = 41) completed baseline anthropometric assessments; a fasted blood draw; questionnaires to assess anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Survey); and an exercise fatigue test. Identical post-tests occurred following 6 weeks of daily supplementation with placebo (PLA) or probiotics (2.5 × 109 CFU/g) containing 9 bacterial strains (PRO; Ecologic Barrier) combined with a prebiotic carrier matrix. PRO attenuated fat mass increases (change (Δ), 0.14 kg; confidence interval (CI) -0.46 to 0.75 kg) compared with PLA (Δ, 0.79 kg; CI 0.03-1.54 kg), whereas modest reductions in visceral adiposity resulted for both PRO and PLA. Metabolic biomarkers (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, leptin) were not influenced by either treatment (p > 0.05). Nonsignificant, but potentially clinically relevant, improvements in anxiety (Δ, -2.3 ± 2.63) and fatigue (Δ, -4.8 ± 5.5) were observed with PRO; exercise performance was unaffected. Results indicate a potential protective effect of probiotics against fat mass gain. Probiotics may alleviate anxiety and fatigue in shift-working females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meredith G Mock
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric T Trexler
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katie R Hirsch
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Malia N M Blue
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Mahboobi S, Rahimi F, Jafarnejad S. Effects of Prebiotic and Synbiotic Supplementation on Glycaemia and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:565-574. [PMID: 30607329 PMCID: PMC6311648 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as a chronic disease, is on rise in parallel with other non-communicable diseases. Several studies have shown that probiotics and prebiotics might exert beneficial effects in chronic diseases including diabetes. Because of controversial results from different trials, the present study aims to assess the effects of prebiotic/synbiotic consumption on metabolic parameters in patients with type2 diabetes. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on randomized controlled trial published in PubMed/Medline, SciVerse Scopus, Google scholar, SID and Magiran up to March 2018. Of a total number of 255 studies found in initial literature search, ten randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean net change were calculated in fasting blood-glucose [FBG], Hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] and lipid markers (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]). The meta-analyses was conducted using Revman Software (v5.3). Results: The pooled estimate indicated a significant difference for the mean change in FBG, HbA1c and HDL in treatment group in comparison with control group. Subgroup analysis by intervention showed a significant difference in TG, LDL and HDL (synbiotic group) and in TG, TC, FBG, HDL and HbA1c (prebiotic group) compared with placebo. In another subgroup analysis, high quality studies showed significant reductions in TG, TC, FBG and HbA1c in intervention group compared with placebo group. Conclusion: In summary, diets supplemented with either prebiotics or synbiotics can result in improvements in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mahboobi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi
- Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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14
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Fortes PM, Marques SM, Viana KA, Costa LR, Naghettini AV, Costa PS. The use of probiotics for improving lipid profiles in dyslipidemic individuals: an overview protocol. Syst Rev 2018; 7:165. [PMID: 30326965 PMCID: PMC6192191 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor in triggering cardiovascular events, which can lead to the death of millions of people around the world. Thus, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies have been developed in recent decades with the objective of improving lipid profiles, including the use of probiotics. Therefore, the purpose of this protocol is to describe the steps that will guide the construction of an overview to demonstrate the scientific evidence of the efficacy of probiotics in improving the lipid profile of dyslipidemic individuals and to propose specific recommendations regarding their use. METHODS The search will be conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, PROSPERO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, Google Scholar, and CADTH. Reviewers will select systematic evaluations and data analyses from randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of probiotics on lipid profiles. The studies will be analyzed for methodology quality by the AMSTAR 2 tool and risk of bias by ROBIS. The data will be extracted by three independent reviewers based on a data extraction sheet, which will include the most relevant variables for the analysis and interpretation of the results. The variables will be categorized and described in narrative form or in tables. DISCUSSION There are some systematic reviews about the use of probiotics to prevent and/or treat dyslipidemia; however, their outcomes related to the ability of probiotics to improve lipid profiles are conflicting. So, an overview on this topic is needed to clarify this important issue. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017080328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Fortes
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Medicine School, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 235, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-050, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clinicas, UFG, Primeira Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-020, Brazil
| | - Solomar M Marques
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clinicas, UFG, Primeira Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-020, Brazil
| | - Karolline A Viana
- Dentistry Graduate Program, UFG, Primeira Avenida, s/n, esquina com Praça Universitária, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Luciane R Costa
- Dentistry Graduate Program, UFG, Primeira Avenida, s/n, esquina com Praça Universitária, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-220, Brazil.,Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, UFG, Primeira Avenida, s/n, esquina com Praça Universitária, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Alessandra V Naghettini
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clinicas, UFG, Primeira Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-020, Brazil.,Health Education Graduate Program, Medicine School, UFG, Rua 235, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sucasas Costa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Medicine School, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 235, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-050, Brazil. .,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital das Clinicas, UFG, Primeira Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-020, Brazil.
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15
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Guo CF, Yuan YH, Yue TL, Li JY. Hamsters Are a Better Model System than Rats for Evaluating the Hypocholesterolemic Efficacy of Potential Probiotic Strains. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800170. [PMID: 29939474 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Rats and hamsters are the most commonly used animal models for evaluating the hypocholesterolemic activity of potential probiotic strains, whereas little or no information has been reported on whether the animal models would affect the experimental conclusions regarding the hypocholesterolemic efficacy of the strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Both high-cholesterol-fed rats and hamsters were intragastrically administered viable cells of bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus acidophilus K16 once daily (1 × 1010 CFU per kg body weight) for 28 d. It was found that the strain did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect the serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in rats, whereas it significantly decreased (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) the serum total and non-HDL-cholesterol as well as hepatic-free, esterified, and total cholesterol levels in hamsters by 29.6%, 38.8%, 15.8%, 36.2%, and 34.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the hypocholesterolemic efficacy of L. acidophilus K16 is substantially different between high-cholesterol-fed hamsters and rats and that hamsters are a better model system than rats for evaluating the hypocholesterolemic efficacy of potential probiotic strains due to their similarity to humans in biliary bile acid composition, including types of bile acids and their conjugation form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ya-Hong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tian-Li Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing-Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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16
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Khalesi S, Bellissimo N, Vandelanotte C, Williams S, Stanley D, Irwin C. A review of probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: helpful or hype? Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:24-37. [PMID: 29581563 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic supplements have a positive impact on several health outcomes. However, the majority of published studies have focused on populations with specific health pathologies. Therefore, this study reviewed the current literature on the health effects of probiotic consumption in "healthy adults." The findings from this review may help guide consumers, researchers, and manufacturers regarding probiotic supplementation. Relevant literature published between 1990 and August 2017 was reviewed. Studies were included if they were experimental trials, included healthy adults, used live bacteria, and had accessible full-text articles published in English. Included studies were classified according to common foci that emerged. Forty-five studies were included in this review. Five foci emerged: gut microbiota changes (n = 15); immune system response (n = 16); lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk (n = 14); gastrointestinal discomfort (n = 11); and female reproductive health (n = 4). Results suggest that probiotic supplementation in healthy adults can lead to transient improvement in gut microbiota concentration of supplement-specific bacteria. Evidence also supports the role of probiotics in improving immune system responses, stool consistency, bowel movement, and vaginal lactobacilli concentration. There is insufficient evidence to support the role of probiotics to improve blood lipid profile. Probiotic consumption can improve in the immune, gastrointestinal, and female reproductive health systems in healthy adults. However, this review failed to support the ability of probiotics to cause persistent changes in gut microbiota, or improve lipid profile in healthy adults. The feasibility of probiotics consumption to provide benefits in healthy adults requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khalesi
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan Williams
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Irwin
- Menzies Health Institute, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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17
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Bubnov RV, Babenko LP, Lazarenko LM, Mokrozub VV, Demchenko OA, Nechypurenko OV, Spivak MY. Comparative study of probiotic effects of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria strains on cholesterol levels, liver morphology and the gut microbiota in obese mice. EPMA J 2017; 8:357-376. [PMID: 29209439 PMCID: PMC5700021 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-017-0117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome-modulating interventions are promising for treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. The number of probiotic strains demonstrated ability to decrease cholesterol level in vivo, however, it was poorly confirmed in a clinical setting. The aim was to study the effects of L. acidophilus IMV B-7279, L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalіs VKL and B. animalіs VKB separately and in various compositions on the level of serum cholesterol, gut microbiota contents and liver morphology on a high-calorie-induced obesity model in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used for the study female BALB/c mice 6-8 weeks old (18-24 g). Experimental animals were fed by a fat-enriched diet (FED), and 8 experimental groups were formed (12 mice in each group) to test strains of probiotic bacteria L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalіs VKL and B. animalіs VKB and compositions. We used ultrasound for in vivo assessment of the liver and visceral (mesenteric) fat size. In the blood serum of the obese mice, the level of cholesterol was estimated. The liver morphology and gut microbiota of obese mice were studied. RESULTS We revealed that after treatment with all of the studied probiotic bacteria and compositions of B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280, the weight of obese mice decreased, and cholesterol and its fraction levels in serum were reduced. The size of the liver slightly decreased after treatment with L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, B. аnimalis VKB or probiotic compositions; we observed reduction of the mesenteric fat size after injection of all these probiotic bacteria (separately) and probiotic compositions. We defined the strain-dependent effects on serum lipid profiles, liver morphology and the gut microbiota. The B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280 composition effectively recovered the liver morphological structure of obese mice. The number of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and coliform bacteria increased, the number of staphylococci and streptococci reduced, and the number of microscopic fungi significantly decreased in the gut of obese mice after treatment with L. casei IMV B-7280, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, B. animalis (separately) or their compositions. CONCLUSION L. casei IMV B-7280 (separately) and a composition of B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280 are effective at decreasing the weight of obese mice, decreasing cholesterol level, restoring the liver morphology and beneficially modulating the gut microbiome in high-calorie-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav V. Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- Clinical Hospital ‘Pheophania’ of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny str., 21, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Lidiia P. Babenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla M. Lazarenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Viktoria V. Mokrozub
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr A. Demchenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Oleksiy V. Nechypurenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Mykola Ya. Spivak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- LCL ‘DIAPROF’, Svitlycky Str., 35, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
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Bordalo Tonucci L, Dos Santos KMO, De Luces Fortes Ferreira CL, Ribeiro SMR, De Oliveira LL, Martino HSD. Gut microbiota and probiotics: Focus on diabetes mellitus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2296-2309. [PMID: 26499995 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.934438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of gut microbiota has become an important area of research in several clinical conditions, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Changes in the composition and/or metabolic activity of the gut microbiota can contribute to human health. Thus, this review discusses the effects of probiotics and gut microbiota on metabolic control in these individuals. Relevant studies were obtained from electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline and ISI Web of Science. The main probiotics used in these studies belonged to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The authors found seven randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials and 13 experimental studies directly related to the effect of probiotics on metabolic control in the context of T2DM. The hypothesis that gut microbiota plays a role in the development of diabetes indicates an important beginning, and the potential of probiotics to prevent and reduce the severity of T2DM is better observed in animal studies. In clinical trials, the use of probiotics in glycemic control presented conflicting results, and only few studies have attempted to evaluate factors that justify metabolic changes, such as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and incretins. Thus, further research is needed to assess the effects of probiotics in the metabolism of diabetic individuals, as well as the main mechanisms involved in this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Bordalo Tonucci
- a Department of Health and Nutrition , Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Lee Y, Ba Z, Roberts RF, Rogers CJ, Fleming JA, Meng H, Furumoto EJ, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 ® on the lipid/lipoprotein profile and short chain fatty acids in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2017; 16:39. [PMID: 28662676 PMCID: PMC5492721 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some probiotics have hypocholesterolemic effects in animal studies, which are mediated, in part, by increases in fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Clinical trials of probiotics on lipids/lipoproteins are inconsistent. Objective We examined the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® (BB-12®) (3.16 × 109 CFUs/day) on lipids and lipoproteins and fecal excretion of SCFAs in healthy adults. Methods In a randomized, partially blinded, 4-period, crossover study, 30 adults (11 men, 19 women) aged 18–40 years were randomly assigned to: 1) yogurt smoothie with no BB-12® (YS), 2) yogurt smoothie with BB-12® added pre-fermentation (PRE), 3) yogurt smoothie with BB-12® added post-fermentation (POST), 4) BB-12® containing capsule (CAP). We measured serum lipids/lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fecal SCFAs at baseline and after each treatment period. Results Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs) did not differ after the PRE, POST, and CAP periods versus the YS or between treatments. Compared to baseline, fecal acetate was significantly increased after the YS (Δ = 211.89 ± 75.87 μg/g, P = 0.007) and PRE (Δ = 204.98 ± 75.70 μg/g, P = 0.009) periods. The percent increase in fecal acetate was significantly greater after the YS versus the POST period (52.2 ± 13.2% vs. 24.5 ± 13.2%, P = 0.023). Fecal total SCFAs, propionate and butyrate did not differ between treatment periods. Fecal total SCFAs were negatively associated with TC (r = -0.22, P = 0.01), LDL-C (r = -0.24, P = 0.004), age (r = -0.33, P < 0.001), and waist circumference (r = -0.25, P = 0.003). Conclusions BB-12® supplementation did not improve lipids, lipoproteins and total and individual fecal SCFAs. Fecal SCFAs were negatively associated with TC, LDL-C, age, and waist circumference. Trial registration This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01399996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Ba
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, 206 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robert F Roberts
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, 206 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Huicui Meng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Emily J Furumoto
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, 206 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Vaghef-Mehrabany E, Vaghef-Mehrabany L, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Homayouni-Rad A, Issazadeh K, Alipour B. Effects of probiotic supplementation on lipid profile of women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Health Promot Perspect 2017; 7:95-101. [PMID: 28326290 PMCID: PMC5350556 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms which may exert hypolipidemic effects through many mechanisms. Lipid profile disturbances are frequently reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus casei on serum lipids of RA women. Methods: In the present parallel randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 RA patients were recruited and divided into 2 groups. They received either a daily capsule containing 108 CFU of L. casei 01, or identical capsules containing maltodextrin, for 8 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, dietary intake and physical activity were assessed at 2 ends of the study. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Independent-samples t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test, and paired t test were used to test between- and within-group differences, respectively. Results: There were no significant between- or within-group differences for demographic and anthropometric parameters, physical activity and dietary intakes, throughout the study. No statistically significant within-group changes were observed for serum lipids in either group; between-group differences were also insignificant by the end of study period (TC: -0.18 [-0.65, 0.29], P = 0.801, HDL-C: -1.66 [-19.28, 15.59], P = 0.663, LDL-C: -2.73 [-19.17, 13.73], P = 0.666, TG: 0.12 [-19.76, 20.00], P = 0.900). Conclusion: Lactobacillus casei 01 could not improve serum lipids in RA
patients. Further studies using probiotic foods and different probiotic strains are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabany
- Department of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Aziz Homayouni-Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Issazadeh
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Beitullah Alipour
- Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Santanna AF, Filete PF, Lima EM, Porto ML, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Endringer DC, Lenz D, Abdalla DS, Pereira TM, Andrade TU. Chronic administration of the soluble, nonbacterial fraction of kefir attenuates lipid deposition in LDLr −/− mice. Nutrition 2017; 35:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Miremadi F, Sherkat F, Stojanovska L. Hypocholesterolaemic effect and anti-hypertensive properties of probiotics and prebiotics: A review. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Bernini LJ, Simão ANC, Alfieri DF, Lozovoy MAB, Mari NL, de Souza CHB, Dichi I, Costa GN. Beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium lactis on lipid profile and cytokines in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial. Effects of probiotics on metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 2016; 32:716-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Sharifi N, Farrokhian A, Raygan F, Karamali F, Razzaghi R, Taheri S, Asemi Z. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Effect of Synbiotic Administration on Markers of Insulin Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 125:21-27. [PMID: 27219886 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of synbiotic administration on metabolic profiles in overweight diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among 60 diabetic patients with CHD. Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A (n=30) received synbiotic supplements containing 3 probiotic bacteria spices Lactobacillus acidophilus 2×109, Lactobacillus casei 2×109, Bifidobacterium bifidum 2×109 CFU/g plus 800 mg inulin and group B (n=30) received placebo for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 12-week intervention to determine metabolic profiles. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, patients who consumed synbiotic capsule had significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (- 19.6±74.6 vs.+19.2±66.9 mg/dL, P=0.03), serum insulin concentrations (- 0.7±5.1 vs.+3.3±6.3 µIU/mL, P=0.01), the homeostasis model of assessment-estimated b cell function (- 3.4±19.5 vs.+11.5±21.0, P=0.006) and increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+ 0.002±0.01 vs.-0.01±0.02, P=0.03) compared with the placebo. In addition, changes in HLDL-cholesterol levels (+ 1.8±5.7 vs.-2.2±6.0 mg/dL, P=0.01) in supplemented patients were significantly different from those of patients in the placebo group. Conclusion: Synbiotic supplementation for 12 weeks among diabetic patients with CHD had beneficial effects on markers of insulin metabolism and HDL-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tajabadi-Ebrahimi
- Faculty Member of Science Department, Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Sharifi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - A Farrokhian
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - F Raygan
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - F Karamali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Razzaghi
- Department of Infectious Disease, school of medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - S Taheri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Z Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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Meta-Analysis: Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Normal to Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Individuals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139795. [PMID: 26473340 PMCID: PMC4608827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested that probiotic supplementation has beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles. However, there are conflicting results on the efficacy of probiotic preparations in reducing serum cholesterol. Objective To evaluate the effects of probiotics on human serum lipid levels, we conducted a meta-analysis of interventional studies. Methods Eligible reports were obtained by searches of electronic databases. We included randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing probiotic supplementation with placebo or no treatment (control). Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3.3. Subanalyses were also performed. Results Eleven of 33 randomized clinical trials retrieved were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. No participant had received any cholesterol-lowering agent. Probiotic interventions (including fermented milk products and probiotics) produced changes in total cholesterol (TC) (mean difference –0.17 mmol/L, 95% CI: –0.27 to –0.07 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean difference –0.22 mmol/L, 95% CI: –0.30 to –0.13 mmol/L). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not differ significantly between probiotic and control groups. In subanalysis, long-term (>4-week) probiotic intervention was statistically more effective in decreasing TC and LDL-C than short-term (≤4-week) intervention. The decreases in TC and LDL-C levels with probiotic intervention were greater in mildly hypercholesterolemic than in normocholesterolemic individuals. Both fermented milk product and probiotic preparations decreased TC and LDL-C levels. Gaio and the Lactobacillus acidophilus strain reduced TC and LDL-C levels to a greater extent than other bacterial strains. Conclusions In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that probiotic supplementation could be useful in the primary prevention of hypercholesterolemia and may lead to reductions in risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Supplementation with two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, reduces fasting triglycerides and enhances apolipoprotein A-V levels in non-diabetic subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:649-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ahn HY, Kim M, Ahn YT, Sim JH, Choi ID, Lee SH, Lee JH. The triglyceride-lowering effect of supplementation with dual probiotic strains, Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032: Reduction of fasting plasma lysophosphatidylcholines in nondiabetic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:724-733. [PMID: 26044516 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study evaluated the triglyceride (TG)-lowering effects of consuming dual probiotic strains of Lactobacillus curvatus (L. curvatus) HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) KY1032 on the fasting plasma metabolome. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 92 participants with hypertriglyceridemia but without diabetes. Over a 12-week testing period, the probiotic group consumed 2 g of powder containing 5 × 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) of L. curvatus HY7601 and 5 × 10(9) cfu of L. plantarum KY1032 each day, whereas the placebo group consumed the same product without probiotics. Fasting plasma metabolomes were profiled using UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. After 12 weeks of treatment, the probiotic group displayed a 20% reduction (p = 0.001) in serum TGs and 25% increases (p=0.001) in apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V). At the 12-week follow-up assessment, the following 11 plasma metabolites were significantly reduced in the probiotic group than the placebo group: palmitoleamide, palmitic amide, oleamide, and lysophosphatidyl choline (lysoPC) containing C14:0, C16:1, C16:0, C17:0, C18:3, C18:2, C18:1, and C20:3. In the probiotic group, changes (▵) in TG were negatively correlated with ▵ apoA-V, which was positively correlated with ▵ FFA. In addition, ▵ FFA was strongly and positively correlated with ▵ lysoPCs in the probiotic group but not the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The triglyceride-lowering effects of probiotic supplementation, partly through elevated apoA-V, in borderline to moderate hypertriglyceridemic subjects showed reductions in plasma metabolites, fatty acid primary amides and lysoPCs (NCT02215694; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov). Clinical trials: NCT02215694; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-T Ahn
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - J-H Sim
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - I-D Choi
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - S-H Lee
- Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Influence of daily consumption of synbiotic soy-based product supplemented with okara soybean by-product on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ishimwe N, Daliri EB, Lee BH, Fang F, Du G. The perspective on cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of probiotics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:94-105. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Ishimwe
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science and Technology; University of Rwanda; Rwanda
| | - Eric B. Daliri
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Byong H. Lee
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
- Department of Food Science; McGill University; Montreal Canada
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Du
- School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
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Nabavi S, Rafraf M, Somi MH, Homayouni-Rad A, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic factors in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7386-93. [PMID: 25306266 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on some metabolic factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. This double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 72 patients with NAFLD (33 males and 39 females) aged 23 to 63 yr. Subjects in the intervention group (n=36) consumed 300 g/d of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 and those in the control group (n=36) consumed 300 g/d of conventional yogurt for 8 wk. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and dietary records (24h/d for 3 d) were collected at baseline and at the end of the trial. Probiotic yogurt consumption resulted in reductions of 4.67, 5.42, 4.1, and 6.92% in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively, compared with control group. No significant changes were observed in levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in either group. Probiotic yogurt consumption improved hepatic enzymes, serum total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in studied subjects and might be useful in management of NAFLD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nabavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Rafraf
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - M H Somi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Homayouni-Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Health Management of National Center and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz, Iran
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DiRienzo DB. Effect of probiotics on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: implications for heart-healthy diets. Nutr Rev 2013; 72:18-29. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Trasino SE, Dawson HD, Urban JF, Wang TTY, Solano-Aguilar G. Feeding probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei to Ossabaw pigs on a high-fat diet prevents cholesteryl-ester accumulation and LPS modulation of the Liver X receptor and inflammatory axis in alveolar macrophages. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1931-9. [PMID: 24060267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXR) play an integral role in cholesterol metabolism and the inflammatory response. High-fat (HF) diets and microbial infection can antagonize the LXR pathway leading to accumulation of cholesteryl-esters (CE) and increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei possesses cholesterol lowering and immune modulating properties. Therefore, the present study sought to model whether daily feeding of L. paracasei to juvenile Ossabaw pigs fed a HF diet could modulate cholesterol metabolism and the LXR/inflammatory axis in lipopolysacharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM). The results showed that AM from pigs fed a HF diet had significantly higher concentrations of CE compared to AM from pigs fed a control (C) diet, but not in pigs fed a HF diet with L. paracasei (HFPB). Ex vivo LPS stimulation of AM opposed LXR agonist-mediated transcription of cholesterol metabolism related genes: ABCA1, CH25H and PPARγ in pigs on the C diet, and LXRα, ABCA1, ABCG1, CH25H and PPARγ in pigs on the HF diet. This effect was abrogated for all these genes except LXRα in AM from pigs given L. paracasei. Protein analysis of culture supernatants revealed that AM from HFPB-fed pigs had significantly lower LPS-induced protein expression of IL-1β than AM from HF-fed pigs. Moreover, AM from pigs fed the C diet and given L. paracasei, had significantly higher mRNA levels of IL-8, and IL-6, in response to LPS. These data demonstrated a role for L. paracasei in modulating AM cholesterol metabolism and the response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Trasino
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-East, Bldg. 307C, Rm. 225, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Asemi Z, Zare Z, Shakeri H, Sabihi SS, Esmaillzadeh A. Effect of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013; 63:1-9. [PMID: 23899653 DOI: 10.1159/000349922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are aware of no study that has indicated the effects of daily consumption of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and oxidative stress in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the effects of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients. METHODS This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 54 diabetic patients aged 35-70 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to take either a multispecies probiotic supplement (n = 27) or placebo (n = 27) for 8 weeks. The multispecies probiotic supplement consisted of 7 viable and freeze-dried strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus (2 × 10(9) CFU), L. casei (7 × 10(9) CFU), L. rhamnosus (1.5 × 10(9) CFU), L. bulgaricus (2 × 10(8) CFU), Bifidobacterium breve (2 × 10(10) CFU), B. longum (7 × 10(9) CFU), Streptococcus thermophilus (1.5 × 10(9) CFU), and 100 mg fructo-oligosaccharide. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after intervention to measure metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and biomarkers of oxidative stress including plasma total antioxidant capacity and total glutathione (GSH). RESULTS Between-group comparisons of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) revealed that consumption of probiotic supplements prevented a rise in FPG (+28.8 ± 8.5 for placebo vs. +1.6 ± 6 mg/dl for probiotic group, p = 0.01). Although a significant within-group increase in serum insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was found in both the probiotic group and the placebo group, the changes were similar between the two groups. We observed a significant increase in HOMA-IR (homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance) in both the probiotic group (p = 0.02) and the placebo group (p = 0.001); however, the increase in the placebo group was significantly higher than that in the probiotic group (+2.38 vs. +0.78, p = 0.03). Mean changes in serum hs-CRP were significantly different between the two groups (-777.57 for the probiotic group vs. +878.72 ng/ml for the placebo group, p = 0.02). Probiotic supplementation led to a significant increase in plasma GSH levels compared to placebo (240.63 vs. -33.46 µmol/l, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION In conclusion, multispecies probiotic supplementation, compared with placebo, for 8 weeks in diabetic patients prevented a rise in FPG and resulted in a decrease in serum hs-CRP and an increase in plasma total GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Vulevic J, Juric A, Tzortzis G, Gibson GR. A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults. J Nutr 2013; 143:324-31. [PMID: 23303873 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a set of disorders that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiota is altered toward a less beneficial composition in overweight adults and this change can be accompanied by inflammation. Prebiotics such as galactooligosaccharides can positively modify the gut microbiota and immune system; some may also reduce blood lipids. We assessed the effect of a galactooligosaccharide mixture [Bi2muno (B-GOS)] on markers of metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota, and immune function in 45 overweight adults with ≥3 risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in a double-blind, randomized, placebo (maltodextrin)-controlled, crossover study (with a 4-wk wash-out period between interventions). Whole blood, saliva, feces, and anthropometric measurements were taken at the beginning, wk 6, and end of each 12-wk intervention period. Predominant groups of fecal bacteria were quantified and full blood count, markers of inflammation and lipid metabolism, insulin, and glucose were measured. B-GOS increased the number of fecal bifidobacteria at the expense of less desirable groups of bacteria. Increases in fecal secretory IgA and decreases in fecal calprotectin, plasma C-reactive protein, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), TG, and the TC:HDL cholesterol ratio were also observed. Administration of B-GOS to overweight adults resulted in positive effects on the composition of the gut microbiota, the immune response, and insulin, TC, and TG concentrations. B-GOS may be a useful candidate for the enhancement of gastrointestinal health, immune function, and the reduction of metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vulevic
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Food Microbial Sciences, and
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Jones ML, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Martoni CJ, Prakash S. Cholesterol lowering with bile salt hydrolase-active probiotic bacteria, mechanism of action, clinical evidence, and future direction for heart health applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:631-42. [PMID: 23350815 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.758706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Current CVD treatment methods include dietary intervention, statins, fibrates, niacin, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and bile acid sequestrants. These formulations have limitations and, thus, additional treatment modalities are needed. Probiotic bacteria, especially bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active probiotic bacteria, have demonstrated cholesterol-lowering efficacy in randomized controlled trials. AREAS COVERED This review describes the current treatments for CVD and the need for additional therapeutics. Gut microbiota etiology of CVD, cholesterol metabolism, and the role of probiotic formulations as therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of CVD are described. Specifically, we review studies using BSH-active bacteria as cholesterol-lowering agents with emphasis on their cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of action. Potential limitations and future directions are also highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Numerous clinical studies have concluded that BSH-active probiotic bacteria, or products containing them, are efficient in lowering total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, the mechanisms of action of BSH-active probiotic bacteria need to be further supported. There is also the need for a meta-analysis to provide better information regarding the therapeutic use of BSH-active probiotic bacteria. The future of BSH-active probiotic bacteria most likely lies as a combination therapy with already existing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L Jones
- Micropharma Ltd, 141 avenue du President Kennedy, UQAM Biological Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Suite 5569 Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3Y7, Canada
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Abstract
The gut microbiome has a complex relationship with host metabolism and immune function. Host health and diet influence the composition of the gut microbiome, and conversely, different microbiome compositions influence host metabolism. Gestational diabetes mellitus is increasingly common and has serious implications for maternal and foetal health both during pregnancy and later in life. To date, clinical trials of exercise and dietary interventions to prevent the onset of gestational diabetes have had heterogeneous results and have proven disappointingly difficult. Alternative prevention strategies of gestational diabetes mellitus need to be considered and trialled in a placebo-controlled manner in combination with dietary and behavioural measures. One such potential preventative therapy is probiotic supplementation, that is, ingestion of specific bacterial strains with beneficial effects on the host. Probiotic supplements have been shown to improve metabolism by increasing host insulin sensitivity, cholesterol metabolism and also have a beneficial effect on the immune system. This discussion paper examines the evidence for the influence of the gut microbiome on host metabolism and the potential metabolic impact of probiotic supplementation, with particular regard for the evidence surrounding a possible use of probiotic supplements for the prevention of gestational diabetes. Probiotics offer the tantalising possibility of a feasible intervention for the prevention of gestational diabetes and improvement of metabolic syndromes, but there is a pressing need for further studies of the mechanisms underlying the apparent metabolic benefits and for the use of randomised controlled trials to allow examination of the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Barrett
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Building 71/918 Herston Campus, Level 7, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
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Cholesterol lowering and inhibition of sterol absorption by Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1234-41. [PMID: 22990854 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The percentage of hypercholesterolemic individuals not reaching their LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) goal remains high and additional therapeutic strategies should be evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering efficacy and mechanism of action of bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 capsules in hypercholesterolemic adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 127 subjects completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, multicenter study. Subjects were randomized to consume L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 capsules or placebo capsules over a 9-week intervention period. The primary outcome was LDL-C relative to placebo at the study end point. RESULTS L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 capsules reduced LDL-C by 11.64% (P<0.001), total cholesterol by 9.14%, (P<0.001), non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) by 11.30% (P < 0.001) and apoB-100 by 8.41% (P = 0.002) relative to placebo. The ratios of LDL-C/HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoB-100/apoA-1 were reduced by 13.39% (P = 0.006) and 9.00% (P = 0.026), respectively, relative to placebo. Triglycerides and HDL-C were unchanged. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and fibrinogen were reduced by 1.05 mg/l (P = 0.005) and 14.25% (P = 0.004) relative to placebo, respectively. Mean plasma deconjugated bile acids were increased by 1.00 nmol/l (P=0.025) relative to placebo, whereas plasma campesterol, sitosterol and stigmasterol were decreased by 41.5%, 34.2% and 40.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the deconjugation of intraluminal bile acids results in reduced absorption of non-cholesterol sterols and indicate that L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 capsules may be useful as an adjunctive therapy for treating hypercholesterolemia.
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Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: gut and beyond. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:872716. [PMID: 23049548 PMCID: PMC3459241 DOI: 10.1155/2012/872716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal tract has been colonized by thousands of species of bacteria during the coevolution of man and microbes. Gut-borne microbes outnumber the total number of body tissue cells by a factor of ten. Recent metagenomic analysis of the human gut microbiota has revealed the presence of some 3.3 million genes, as compared to the mere 23 thousand genes present in the cells of the tissues in the entire human body. Evidence for various beneficial roles of the intestinal microbiota in human health and disease is expanding rapidly. Perturbation of the intestinal microbiota may lead to chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, colon cancers, gastric ulcers, cardiovascular disease, functional bowel diseases, and obesity. Restoration of the gut microbiota may be difficult to accomplish, but the use of probiotics has led to promising results in a large number of well-designed (clinical) studies. Microbiomics has spurred a dramatic increase in scientific, industrial, and public interest in probiotics and prebiotics as possible agents for gut microbiota management and control. Genomics and bioinformatics tools may allow us to establish mechanistic relationships among gut microbiota, health status, and the effects of drugs in the individual. This will hopefully provide perspectives for personalized gut microbiota management.
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Roselino MN, Pauly-Silveira ND, Cavallini DCU, Celiberto LS, Pinto RA, Vendramini RC, Rossi EA. A potential synbiotic product improves the lipid profile of diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:114. [PMID: 22963080 PMCID: PMC3502481 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that intake of yacon or some lactic acid bacteria was able to inhibit the development of diabetes mellitus, by reducing glucose and associated symptoms, for example, the lipid profile. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the consumption influence of a potential symbiotic product of soybean and yacon extract and fermented Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti 416 in reducing blood glucose and lipid levels in an animal model. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was chemically induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The rats were divided into four groups (n=10): GI - non-diabetic animals that received only a standard chow diet (negative control), GII - diabetic animals that received only chow diet (positive control), GIII - diabetic animals that received the chow diet + 1 mL/kg body weight/day of soybean and yacon unfermented product, GIV - diabetic rats that received the chow diet + 1 mL/kg body weight/day of soybean and yacon fermented product. There was a seven-week treatment period and the following parameters were evaluated: animal body weight, food and water intake, blood glucose, enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides levels, total cholesterol, HDL-C, non-HDL-C. Cell viability of the fermented product was checked weekly for a seven-week period. RESULTS The product average viable population was 10(8)-10(9) CFU/mL, by ensuring both the rods and cocci regular intake. No difference was observed between the water and feed intake and body weight of groups that received unfermented and fermented products and the untreated diabetic group. The same was observed for the blood glucose and AST and ALT activities, while some improvement was observed for a lipid profile, represented by reduction of triglycerides level by 15.07% and 33.50% in groups III and IV, respectively, and an increase of 23.70% in HDL-C level for group IV. CONCLUSION The results showed that the ingestion of a potential symbiotic product was neither able to promote improvement in some of the disease symptoms, nor reduce blood glucose. However, a positive effect on triglycerides levels and HDL-cholesterol was observed in the groups that received the unfermented product containing yacon extract and the fermented product with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183, as well as Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti 416 and yacon extract (symbiotic product).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N Roselino
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadiége D Pauly-Silveira
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela CU Cavallini
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Celiberto
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli A Pinto
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C Vendramini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizeu A Rossi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Impact of probiotic-supplemented diet on the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of rabbits. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:225-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712451770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are known as living, nonpathogenic microorganisms that colonize the intestine and provide benefit to the host. The present study aims to measure one important energy metabolism-related enzyme activity in blood of rabbits fed on probiotics of recommended concentration. In addition, it also aims for the evaluation of the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Two groups of rabbits are used: control group receiving normal standardized diet and the other probiotic-supplemented group receiving the same diet containing probiotic, namely, Mega acidophilus (200 million cfu/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. The obtained results revealed that the rabbits supplemented with probiotics showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) when compared with control group. Risk factors detected by measuring TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratios showed statistically significant decrease in probiotic-supplemented rabbits when compared with control group. In addition, blood glucose and total LDH activity were elevated in probiotic-supplemented rabbits when compared with control group. RT-PCR products of LDH-M gene produced two specific amplicons. One amplicon has the expected size of 243 bp from all samples of rabbits as revealed by GelPro software. The level of LDH-M expression was found to be increased in the probiotic-supplemented group. However, unexpected amplicons are produced at 586 bp in all the samples, which may be a dimeric form of the amplified region. It was concluded that this probiotic blend is beneficiary for the metabolic reactions of lipids in the body. Moreover, LDH expression level can be considered as a biomarker for the effect of probiotic and hence monitoring the metabolic changes as reflected from its administration.
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Arias A, Mach N. Efecto de los probióticos en el control de la obesidad en humanos: hipótesis no demostradas. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE NUTRICIÓN HUMANA Y DIETÉTICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-1292(12)70081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Moroti C, Souza Magri LF, de Rezende Costa M, Cavallini DCU, Sivieri K. Effect of the consumption of a new symbiotic shake on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:29. [PMID: 22356933 PMCID: PMC3305430 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of foods containing probiotic and prebiotic ingredients is growing consistently every year, and in view of the limited number of studies investigating their effect in the elderly. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of a symbiotic shake containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and fructooligosaccharides on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on twenty volunteers (ten for placebo group and ten for symbiotic group), aged 50 to 60 years. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL; triglycerides > 200 mg/dL and glycemia > 110 mg/dL. Over a total test period of 30 days, 10 individuals (the symbiotic group) consumed a daily dose of 200 mL of a symbiotic shake containing 10(8) UFC/mL Lactobacillus acidophilus, 10(8) UFC/mL Bifidobacterium bifidum and 2 g oligofructose, while 10 other volunteers (the placebo group) drank daily the same amount of a shake that did not contain any symbiotic bacteria. Blood samples were collected 15 days prior to the start of the experiment and at 10-day intervals after the beginning of the shake intake. The standard lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) and glycemia, or blood sugar levels, were evaluated by an enzyme colorimetric assay. RESULTS The results of the symbiotic group showed a non-significant reduction (P > 0.05) in total cholesterol and triglycerides, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in HDL cholesterol and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fasting glycemia. No significant changes were observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The consumption of symbiotic shake resulted in a significant increase in HDL and a significant decrease of glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Moroti
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Loyanne Francine Souza Magri
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Rezende Costa
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela CU Cavallini
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Estadual, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 1, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 502, CEP 14802901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 yoghurt formulation in hypercholesterolaemic adults. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:1505-13. [PMID: 22067612 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511004703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported limited or no reduction in serum cholesterol in response to probiotic formulations. Recently, probiotics have shown promise in treating metabolic disease due to improved strain selection and delivery technologies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a yoghurt formulation containing microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242, taken twice per d over 6 weeks, in hypercholesterolaemic adults. A total of 114 subjects completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, parallel-arm, multi-centre study. This interventional study included a 2-week washout, 2-week run-in and 6-week treatment period. Subjects were randomised to consume either yoghurts containing microencapsulated L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 or placebo yoghurts. Over the intervention period, subjects consuming yoghurts containing microencapsulated L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 attained significant reductions in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 8·92 % (P = 0·016), total cholesterol (TC) of 4·81 % (P = 0·031) and non-HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) of 6·01 % (P = 0·029) over placebo, and a significant absolute change in apoB-100 of - 0·19 mmol/l (P = 0·049). Serum concentrations of TAG and HDL-C were unchanged over the course of the study. Present results show that consumption of microencapsulated BSH-active L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 yoghurt is efficacious and safe for lowering LDL-C, TC, apoB-100 and non-HDL-C in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. The efficacy of microencapsulated BSH-active L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 yoghurts appears to be superior to traditional probiotic therapy and akin to that of other cholesterol-lowering ingredients.
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Ejtahed HS, Mohtadi-Nia J, Homayouni-Rad A, Niafar M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Mofid V, Akbarian-Moghari A. Effect of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis on lipid profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3288-94. [PMID: 21700013 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic and conventional yogurt on the lipid profile in type 2 diabetic people. In a randomized double-blind controlled trial, 60 people (23 males and 37 females) with type 2 diabetes and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) greater than 2.6 mmol/L were assigned to 2 groups. Participants consumed daily 300 g of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 or 300 g of conventional yogurt for 6 wk. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements and 3-d, 24-h dietary recalls were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Probiotic yogurt consumption caused a 4.54% decrease in total cholesterol and a 7.45% decrease in LDL-C compared with the control group. No significant changes from baseline were shown in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the probiotic group. The total cholesterol:HDL-C ratio and LDL-C:HDL-C ratio as atherogenic indices significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared with the control group. Probiotic yogurt improved total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations in type 2 diabetic people and may contribute to the improvement of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Ejtahed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Capcarova M, Chmelnicna L, Kolesarova A, Massanyi P, Kovacik J. Effects of Enterococcus faecium M 74 strain on selected blood and production parameters of laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2011; 51:614-20. [PMID: 21058064 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.513961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim was to evaluate the functional efficiency of a probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium M 74 in the feed on selected biochemical, haematological and production parameters of ISA Brown hens. 2. Feed in the experimental group was enriched with a probiotic preparation containing of 5 × 10(9) viable E. faecium M 74 per g. Blood samples were collected during the egg-laying period at 5 (w5), 25 (w25) and 45 (w45) weeks of production. Body weight, rate of lay and egg weight were recorded every 4 weeks during the 48-week laying period. 3. Significantly lower concentrations of total cholesterol and total lipids in blood plasma were observed in the experimental group at all sampling times compared with their respective controls. Concentrations of triglycerides did not differ. Significantly lower concentrations of plasma calcium were found in the experimental group at w5 and w45. Concentrations of inorganic phosphorus in the experimental group were significantly higher at w25, but significantly lower at w45. Erythrocyte count was significantly higher in the experimental group at w25 and w45 when compared with controls. Leucocyte counts were significantly lower in the experimental group at all sampling times. Significantly lower values of haematocrit at w5 and w45 were observed in the experimental group than in controls. Body weight, the number of eggs and average egg weight were not significantly affected by probiotic addition. 4. In conclusion, the addition of probiotic strain E. faecium M 74 to the feed of ISA Brown hens reduced cholesterol, lipids, calcium, leucocyte counts and haematocrit values in blood plasma in at least two sampling times, while erythrocyte counts were increased. No significant effects of probiotic on triglyceride concentration and egg production parameters were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Capcarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia.
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Ooi LG, Liong MT. Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2499-522. [PMID: 20640165 PMCID: PMC2904929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11062499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that promote health benefits upon consumption, while prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics and/or prebiotics could be used as alternative supplements to exert health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering effects on humans. Past in vivo studies showed that the administration of probiotics and/or prebiotics are effective in improving lipid profiles, including the reduction of serum/plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides or increment of HDL-cholesterol. However, other past studies have also shown that probiotics and prebiotics had insignificant effects on lipid profiles, disputing the hypocholesterolemic claim. Additionally, little information is available on the effective dosage of probiotics and prebiotics needed to exert hypocholesterolemic effects. Probiotics and prebiotics have been suggested to reduce cholesterol via various mechanisms. However, more clinical evidence is needed to strengthen these proposals. Safety issues regarding probiotics and/or prebiotics have also been raised despite their long history of safe use. Although probiotic-mediated infections are rare, several cases of systemic infections caused by probiotics have been reported and the issue of antibiotic resistance has sparked much debate. Prebiotics, classified as food ingredients, are generally considered safe, but overconsumption could cause intestinal discomfort. Conscientious prescription of probiotics and/or prebiotics is crucial, especially when administering to specific high risk groups such as infants, the elderly and the immuno-compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay-Gaik Ooi
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; E-Mail:
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Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue as it is causally related to several chronic disorders, including type-2 diabetes, CVD and cancer. Novel research shows that the gut microbiota is involved in obesity and metabolic disorders, revealing that obese animal and human subjects have alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota compared to their lean counterparts. Moreover, transplantation of the microbiota of either obese or lean mice influences body weight in the germ-free recipient mice, suggesting that the gut ecosystem is a relevant target for weight management. Indigenous gut microbes may regulate body weight by influencing the host's metabolic, neuroendocrine and immune functions. The intestinal microbiota, as a whole, provides additional metabolic functions and regulates the host's gene expression, improving the ability to extract and store energy from the diet and contributing to body-weight gain. Imbalances in the gut microbiota and increases in plasma lipopolysaccharide may also act as inflammatory factors related to the development of atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and body-weight gain. In contrast, specific probiotics, prebiotics and related metabolites might exert beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism, the production of satiety peptides and the inflammatory tone related to obesity and associated metabolic disorders. This knowledge is contributing to our understanding of how environmental factors influence obesity and associated diseases, providing new opportunities to design improved dietary intervention strategies to manage these disorders.
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Higashikawa F, Noda M, Awaya T, Nomura K, Oku H, Sugiyama M. Improvement of constipation and liver function by plant-derived lactic acid bacteria: A double-blind, randomized trial. Nutrition 2010; 26:367-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Many studies have been done on the hypocholesterolaemic effect of probiotic yoghurt. The results, however, are not conclusive. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on the lipid profile in women. In a randomised trial, ninety female volunteers aged 19–49 years were assigned to three groups. Subjects consumed daily 300 g probiotic yoghurt containingLactobacillus acidophilusLa5 andBifidobacterium lactisBb12 or 300 g conventional yoghurt or no yoghurt for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples, 3 d dietary records and anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline (T1), end of week 3 (T2) and end of week 6 (T3). Lipid profile parameters were determined by enzymic methods. Results showed no significant difference in lipid profile within any group throughout the study. Comparing mean differences (T1 − T3) among the three groups showed: no difference in TAG and LDL-cholesterol, a decrease in cholesterol in both conventional (P < 0·05) and probiotic yoghurt groups (P < 0·005) compared with the control group, a decrease in total:HDL-cholesterol ratio for conventional (P < 0·05) and probiotic yoghurt groups (P < 0·001) compared with the control group, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol in the probiotic yoghurt group (P < 0·05) compared with the control group. Positive changes in lipid profile were observed in both yoghurt groups. Any added effect, therefore, is due to the consumption of fermented milk products.
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Bhathena J, Martoni C, Kulamarva A, Urbanska AM, Malhotra M, Prakash S. Orally delivered microencapsulated live probiotic formulation lowers serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J Med Food 2009; 12:310-9. [PMID: 19459731 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Nutritional therapies such as probiotics have been suggested to manage elevated cholesterol. This study investigates the cholesterol and triglyceride lowering potential of a microencapsulated feruloyl esterase-producing Lactobacillus fermentum 11976 (LF11976) probiotic formulation. Male Bio F(1)B hamsters were assigned to two groups to receive either the microcapsule probiotic formulation (containing LF11976 cells at 12.51 log colony-forming units/mL) or placebo formulation (empty) microcapsules, twice daily, by oral gavage for 18 weeks. For the duration of the study, animals were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and the atherogenic index were 21.36%, 31.43%, and 32.59% lower in the group gavaged with the microencapsulated probiotic formulation than in the placebo control group after 18 weeks (P < .05). Histology studies showed reduced progression of atherosclerotic lesions in animals treated with microencapsulated LF11976 as compared to control animals. Treatment with microencapsulated LF11976 formulation produces significant reductions in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and serum triglyceride levels in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Findings suggest the potential of the oral microencapsulated probiotic cell formulation as a functional nutritional alternative for managing excessive serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Bhathena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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