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Klekowski J, Zielińska D, Hofman A, Zajdel N, Gajdzis P, Chabowski M. Clinical Significance of Nectins in HCC and Other Solid Malignant Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and New Treatment Opportunities-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3983. [PMID: 37568798 PMCID: PMC10416819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nectin family comprises four proteins, nectin-1 to -4, which act as cell adhesion molecules. Nectins have various regulatory functions in the immune system and can be upregulated or decreased in different tumors. The literature research was conducted manually by the authors using the PubMed database by searching articles published before 2023 with the combination of several nectin-related keywords. A total of 43 studies were included in the main section of the review. Nectins-1-3 have different expressions in tumors. Both the loss of expression and overexpression could be negative prognostic factors. Nectin-4 is the best characterized and the most consistently overexpressed in various tumors, which generally correlates with a worse prognosis. New treatments based on targeting nectin-4 are currently being developed. Enfortumab vedotin is a potent antibody-drug conjugate approved for use in therapy against urothelial carcinoma. Few reports focus on hepatocellular carcinoma, which leaves room for further studies comparing the utility of nectins with commonly used markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Klekowski
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Anesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adriana Hofman
- Student Research Club No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (N.Z.)
| | - Natalia Zajdel
- Student Research Club No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.H.); (N.Z.)
| | - Paweł Gajdzis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Pathomorphology, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Division of Anesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland;
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2
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Sanchez Gil J, Dubois M, Neirinckx V, Lombard A, Coppieters N, D’Arrigo P, Isci D, Aldenhoff T, Brouwers B, Lassence C, Rogister B, Lebrun M, Sadzot-Delvaux C. Nanobody-based retargeting of an oncolytic herpesvirus for eliminating CXCR4+ GBM cells: A proof of principle. MOLECULAR THERAPY - ONCOLYTICS 2022; 26:35-48. [PMID: 35784400 PMCID: PMC9217993 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, which remains difficult to cure. The very high recurrence rate has been partly attributed to the presence of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) within the tumors, which have been associated with elevated chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression. CXCR4 is frequently overexpressed in cancer tissues, including GBM, and usually correlates with a poor prognosis. We have created a CXCR4-retargeted oncolytic herpesvirus (oHSV) by insertion of an anti-human CXCR4 nanobody in glycoprotein D of an attenuated HSV-1 (ΔICP34.5, ΔICP6, and ΔICP47), thereby describing a proof of principle for the use of nanobodies to target oHSVs toward specific cellular entities. Moreover, this virus has been armed with a transgene expressing a soluble form of TRAIL to trigger apoptosis. In vitro, this oHSV infects U87MG CXCR4+ and patient-derived GSCs in a CXCR4-dependent manner and, when armed, triggers apoptosis. In a U87MG CXCR4+ orthotopic xenograft mouse model, this oHSV slows down tumor growth and significantly improves mice survival. Customizing oHSVs with diverse nanobodies for targeting multiple proteins appears as an interesting approach for tackling the heterogeneity of GBM, especially GSCs. Altogether, our study must be considered as a proof of principle and a first step toward personalized GBM virotherapies to complement current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Sanchez Gil
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maxime Dubois
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Neirinckx
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lombard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Coppieters
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Paolo D’Arrigo
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Damla Isci
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Therese Aldenhoff
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Brouwers
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric Lassence
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marielle Lebrun
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Sadzot-Delvaux
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Corresponding author Catherine Sadzot-Delvaux, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (GIGA I3), University of Liège, 11 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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3
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Jacobs AH, Schelhaas S, Viel T, Waerzeggers Y, Winkeler A, Zinnhardt B, Gelovani J. Imaging of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies: Basis and Clinical Trials. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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4
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Sette P, Amankulor N, Li A, Marzulli M, Leronni D, Zhang M, Goins WF, Kaur B, Bolyard C, Cripe TP, Yu J, Chiocca EA, Glorioso JC, Grandi P. GBM-Targeted oHSV Armed with Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Enhances Anti-tumor Activity and Animal Survival. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 15:214-222. [PMID: 31890868 PMCID: PMC6926261 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mutant strains of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in early-phase human clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has proven safe, but limited efficacy suggests that more potent vector designs are required for effective GBM therapy. Inadequate vector performance may derive from poor intratumoral vector replication and limited spread to uninfected cells. Vector replication may be impaired by mutagenesis strategies to achieve vector safety, and intratumoral virus spread may be hampered by vector entrapment in the tumor-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) that in GBM is composed primarily of type IV collagen. In this report, we armed our previously described epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)vIII-targeted, neuronal microRNA-sensitive oHSV with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) to improve intratumoral vector distribution. We show that vector-expressed MMP9 enhanced therapeutic efficacy and long-term animal survival in a GBM xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sette
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aofei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Marzulli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Leronni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William F. Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Hospital and Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Harvard Medicine School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph C. Glorioso
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paola Grandi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Friedman GK, Bernstock JD, Chen D, Nan L, Moore BP, Kelly VM, Youngblood SL, Langford CP, Han X, Ring EK, Beierle EA, Gillespie GY, Markert JM. Enhanced Sensitivity of Patient-Derived Pediatric High-Grade Brain Tumor Xenografts to Oncolytic HSV-1 Virotherapy Correlates with Nectin-1 Expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13930. [PMID: 30224769 PMCID: PMC6141470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade brain tumors and adult glioblastoma are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV) is a promising approach to target brain tumors; oHSV G207 and M032 (encodes human interleukin-12) are currently in phase I clinical trials in children with malignant supratentorial brain tumors and adults with glioblastoma, respectively. We sought to compare the sensitivity of patient-derived pediatric malignant brain tumor and adult glioblastoma xenografts to these clinically-relevant oHSV. In so doing we found that pediatric brain tumors were more sensitive to the viruses and expressed significantly more nectin-1 (CD111) than adult glioblastoma. Pediatric embryonal and glial tumors were 74-fold and 14-fold more sensitive to M002 and 16-fold and 6-fold more sensitive to G207 than adult glioblastoma, respectively. Of note, pediatric embryonal tumors were more sensitive than glial tumors. Differences in sensitivity may be due in part to nectin-1 expression, which predicted responses to the viruses. Treatment with oHSV resulted in prolonged survival in both pediatric and adult intracranial patient-dervied tumor xenograft models. Our results suggest that pediatric brain tumors are ideal targets for oHSV and that brain tumor expression of nectin-1 may be a useful biomarker to predict patient response to oHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Li Nan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Blake P Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Virginia M Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Samantha L Youngblood
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Catherine P Langford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Eric K Ring
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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6
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Aptamer targeting EGFRvIII mutant hampers its constitutive autophosphorylation and affects migration, invasion and proliferation of glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37570-87. [PMID: 26461476 PMCID: PMC4741949 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive human brain tumor, associated with very poor survival despite surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) are hallmarks in GBM with driving roles in tumor progression. In approximately half of the tumors with amplified EGFR, the EGFRvIII truncated extracellular mutant is detected. EGFRvIII does not bind ligands, is highly oncogenic and its expression confers resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). It has been demonstrated that EGFRvIII-dependent cancers may escape targeted therapy by developing dependence on PDGFRβ signaling, thus providing a strong rationale for combination therapy aimed at blocking both EGFRvIII and PDGFRβsignaling.We have recently generated two nuclease resistant RNA aptamers, CL4 and Gint4.T, as high affinity ligands and inhibitors of the human wild-type EGFR (EGFRwt) and PDGFRβ, respectively.Herein, by different approaches, we demonstrate that CL4 aptamer binds to the EGFRvIII mutant even though it lacks most of the extracellular domain. As a consequence of binding, the aptamer inhibits EGFRvIII autophosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways, thus affecting migration, invasion and proliferation of EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cell lines.Further, we show that targeting EGFRvIII by CL4, as well as by EGFR-TKIs, erlotinib and gefitinib, causes upregulation of PDGFRβ. Importantly, CL4 and gefitinib cooperate with the anti-PDGFRβ Gint4.T aptamer in inhibiting cell proliferation.The proposed aptamer-based strategy could have impact on targeted molecular cancer therapies and may result in progresses against GBMs.
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7
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Increased Resistance of Breast, Prostate, and Embryonic Carcinoma Cells against Herpes Simplex Virus in Three-Dimensional Cultures. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2013; 2013:104913. [PMID: 24455304 PMCID: PMC3885282 DOI: 10.1155/2013/104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we found that uveal melanoma cells grown in extracellular matrix (ECM)-containing three-dimensional (3D) cultures have increased resistance against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-mediated destruction relative to cells cultured without ECM. Using additional tumor cell types including MB-231 human breast cancer cells, PC-3 human prostate cancer cells, and P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells, we show here that tumor cell lines other than melanoma are also more resistant to HSV-1-mediated destruction in 3D cultures than cells grown in 2D. We also demonstrate here that one mechanism responsible for the increased resistance of tumor cells to HSV-1 infection in 3D cultures is an ECM-mediated inhibition of virus replication following virus entry into cells. These findings confirm and extend previous observations related to the role of the ECM in tumor resistance against HSV-1 and may lead to improved strategies of oncolytic virotherapy.
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8
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Friedman GK, Raborn J, Kelly VM, Cassady KA, Markert JM, Gillespie GY. Pediatric glioma stem cells: biologic strategies for oncolytic HSV virotherapy. Front Oncol 2013; 3:28. [PMID: 23450706 PMCID: PMC3584319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult malignant brain tumor, GBMs in childhood represent less than 10% of pediatric malignant brain tumors and are phenotypically and molecularly distinct from adult GBMs. Similar to adult patients, outcomes for children with high-grade gliomas (HGGs) remain poor. Furthermore, the significant morbidity and mortality yielded by pediatric GBM is compounded by neurotoxicity for the developing brain caused by current therapies. Poor outcomes have been attributed to a subpopulation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistant cells, termed “glioma stem cells” (GSCs), “glioma progenitor cells,” or “glioma-initiating cells,” which have the ability to initiate and maintain the tumor and to repopulate the recurring tumor after conventional therapy. Future innovative therapies for pediatric HGG must be able to eradicate these therapy-resistant GSCs. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSV), genetically engineered to be safe for normal cells and to express diverse foreign anti-tumor therapeutic genes, have been demonstrated in preclinical studies to infect and kill GSCs and tumor cells equally while sparing normal brain cells. In this review, we discuss the unique aspects of pediatric GSCs, including markers to identify them, the microenvironment they reside in, signaling pathways that regulate them, mechanisms of cellular resistance, and approaches to target GSCs, with a focus on the promising therapeutic, genetically engineered oHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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9
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Expression of HSV-1 receptors in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease determines susceptibility to oncolytic HSV. Gene Ther 2012; 20:761-9. [PMID: 23254370 PMCID: PMC3609913 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B cell lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) after hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation remains a life-threatening complication. Expression of the virus-encoded gene product, EBER, has been shown to prevent apoptosis via blockade of PKR activation. Because PKR is a major cellular defense against Herpes simplex virus, and oncolytic HSV-1 (oHSV) mutants have shown promising anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical models, we sought to determine whether EBV-LPD cells are susceptible to infection by oHSVs. We tested three primary EBV-infected lymphocyte cell cultures from neuroblastoma (NB) patients as models of naturally acquired EBV-LPD. NB12 was most susceptible, NB122R was intermediate, and NB88R2 was essentially resistant. Despite EBER expression, PKR was activated by oHSV infection. Susceptibility to oHSV correlated with the expression of the HSV receptor, nectin-1. The resistance of NB88R2 was reversed by exogenous nectin-1 expression, whereas down-regulation of nectin-1 on NB12 decreased viral entry. Xenografts derived from the EBV-LPDs exhibited only mild (NB12) or no (NB88R2) response to oHSV injection, compared with a neuroblastoma cell line that showed a significant response. We conclude that EBV-LPDs are relatively resistant to oHSV virotherapy, in some cases due to low virus receptor expression but also due to intact anti-viral PKR signaling.
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10
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Effective treatment of an orthotopic xenograft model of human glioblastoma using an EGFR-retargeted oncolytic herpes simplex virus. Mol Ther 2012; 21:561-9. [PMID: 23070115 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains an untreatable human brain malignancy. Despite promising preclinical studies using oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) vectors, efficacy in patients has been limited by inefficient virus replication in tumor cells. This disappointing outcome can be attributed in part to attenuating mutations engineered into these viruses to prevent replication in normal cells. Alternatively, retargeting of fully replication-competent HSV to tumor-associated receptors has the potential to achieve tumor specificity without impairment of oncolytic activity. Here, we report the establishment of an HSV retargeting system that relies on the combination of two engineered viral glycoproteins, gD and gB, to mediate highly efficient HSV infection exclusively through recognition of the abundantly expressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on glioblastoma cells. We demonstrate efficacy in vitro and in a heterotopic tumor model in mice. Evidence for systemically administered virus homing to the tumor mass is presented. Treatment of orthotopic primary human GBM xenografts demonstrated prolonged survival with up to 73% of animals showing a complete response as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Our study describes an approach to HSV retargeting that is effective in a glioma model and may be applicable to the treatment of a broad range of tumor types.
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11
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Hypoxia Moderates γ(1)34.5-Deleted Herpes Simplex Virus Oncolytic Activity in Human Glioma Xenoline Primary Cultures. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:200-7. [PMID: 22741039 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays a critical role in the tumor microenvironment of high-grade gliomas by promoting the glioma stem cell (GSC)-like phenotype, which displays resistance to standard therapies. We tested three glioblastoma multiforme xenograft lines (xenolines) against γ(1)34.5-deleted recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) C101 under 1% (hypoxia) and 20.8% (normoxia) oxygen tension for effects on oHSV infectivity, replication, and cytotoxicity in all tumor cells and CD133(+) GSCs. Expression levels of CD133, a putative GSC marker, and CD111 (nectin-1), an adhesion molecule that is the most efficient method for HSV entry, increased significantly under hypoxia in all three xenolines. Despite increased CD111 expression under hypoxic conditions, oHSV infectivity, cytotoxicity and viral recovery were not improved or were diminished in all three xenolines under hypoxia. In contrast, wild-type HSV-1 equally infected xenoline cells in normoxia and hypoxia, suggesting that the 34.5 mutation plays a role in the decreased C101 infectivity in hypoxia. Importantly, CD133(+) cells were not more resistant to oHSV than CD133(-) tumor cells regardless of oxygen tension. Furthermore, CD133 expression decreased as viral dose increased in two of the xenolines suggesting that up-regulation of CD133 in hypoxia was not the cause of reduced viral efficacy. Our findings that oHSV infectivity and cytotoxicity were diminished under hypoxia in several GBM xenolines likely have important implications for clinical applications of oHSV therapies, especially considering the vital role of hypoxia in the microenvironment of GBM tumors.
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12
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Kaestle C, Winkeler A, Richter R, Sauer H, Hescheler J, Fraefel C, Wartenberg M, Jacobs AH. Imaging Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Amplicon Vector–Mediated Gene Expression in Human Glioma Spheroids. Mol Imaging 2011; 10:197-205. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2010.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kaestle
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and European Institute for Molecular Imaging,
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and European Institute for Molecular Imaging,
| | - Raphaela Richter
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and European Institute for Molecular Imaging,
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and European Institute for Molecular Imaging,
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and European Institute for Molecular Imaging,
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and European Institute for Molecular Imaging,
| | - Maria Wartenberg
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and European Institute for Molecular Imaging,
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology Division, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; and European Institute for Molecular Imaging,
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13
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Wong JV, Yao G, Nevins JR, You L. Using noisy gene expression mediated by engineered adenovirus to probe signaling dynamics in mammalian cells. Methods Enzymol 2011; 497:221-37. [PMID: 21601089 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385075-1.00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations from environmental, genetic, and pharmacological sources can generate heterogeneous biological responses, even in genetically identical cells. Although these differences have important consequences on cell physiology and survival, they are often subsumed in measurements that average over the population. Here, we describe in detail how variability in adenoviral-mediated gene expression provides an effective means to map dose responses of signaling pathways. Cell-cell variability is inherent in gene delivery methods used in cell biology, which makes this approach adaptable to many existing experimental systems. We also discuss strategies to quantify biologically relevant inputs and outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Ho IA, Ng WH, Lam PY. FasL and FADD delivery by a glioma-specific and cell cycle-dependent HSV-1 amplicon virus enhanced apoptosis in primary human brain tumors. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:270. [PMID: 20942909 PMCID: PMC2964619 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant cancer of the brain and is notoriously difficult to treat due to the highly proliferative and infiltrative nature of the cells. Herein, we explored the combination treatment of pre-established human glioma xenograft using multiple therapeutic genes whereby the gene expression is regulated by both cell-type and cell cycle-dependent transcriptional regulatory mechanism conferred by recombinant HSV-1 amplicon vectors. RESULTS We demonstrated for the first time that Ki67-positive proliferating primary human glioma cells cultured from biopsy samples were effectively induced into cell death by the dual-specific function of the pG8-FasL amplicon vectors. These vectors were relatively stable and exhibited minimal cytotoxicity in vivo. Intracranial implantation of pre-transduced glioma cells resulted in better survival outcome when compared with viral vectors inoculated one week post-implantation of tumor cells, indicating that therapeutic efficacy is dependent on the viral spread and mode of viral vectors administration. We further showed that pG8-FasL amplicon vectors are functional in the presence of commonly used treatment regimens for human brain cancer. In fact, the combined therapies of pG8-FasL and pG8-FADD in the presence of temozolomide significantly improved the survival of mice bearing intracranial high-grade gliomas. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results showed that the glioma-specific and cell cycle-dependent HSV-1 amplicon vector is potentially useful as an adjuvant therapy to complement the current gene therapy strategy for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy A Ho
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 169610 Singapore
| | - Wai H Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433 Singapore
| | - Paula Y Lam
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 169610 Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169547 Singapore
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15
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Cerchia L, Esposito CL, Jacobs AH, Tavitian B, de Franciscis V. Differential SELEX in human glioma cell lines. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7971. [PMID: 19956692 PMCID: PMC2776989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hope of success of therapeutic interventions largely relies on the possibility to distinguish between even close tumor types with high accuracy. Indeed, in the last ten years a major challenge to predict the responsiveness to a given therapeutic plan has been the identification of tumor specific signatures, with the aim to reduce the frequency of unwanted side effects on oncologic patients not responding to therapy. Here, we developed an in vitro evolution-based approach, named differential whole cell SELEX, to generate a panel of high affinity nucleic acid ligands for cell surface epitopes. The ligands, named aptamers, were obtained through the iterative evolution of a random pool of sequences using as target human U87MG glioma cells. The selection was designed so as to distinguish U87MG from the less malignant cell line T98G. We isolated molecules that generate unique binding patterns sufficient to unequivocally identify any of the tested human glioma cell lines analyzed and to distinguish high from low or non-tumorigenic cell lines. Five of such aptamers act as inhibitors of specific intracellular pathways thus indicating that the putative target might be important surface signaling molecules. Differential whole cell SELEX reveals an exciting strategy widely applicable to cancer cells that permits generation of highly specific ligands for cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cerchia
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR “G. Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Lucia Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- European Institute of Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- CEA/DSV/DRM Service Hospitalier Frederic, Joliot, INSERM ERM 103, Orsay, France
| | - Vittorio de Franciscis
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR “G. Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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16
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Identification of virus resistant tumor cell subpopulations in three-dimensional uveal melanoma cultures. Cancer Gene Ther 2009; 17:223-34. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Friedman GK, Langford CP, Coleman JM, Cassady KA, Parker JN, Markert JM, Yancey Gillespie G. Engineered herpes simplex viruses efficiently infect and kill CD133+ human glioma xenograft cells that express CD111. J Neurooncol 2009; 95:199-209. [PMID: 19521665 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSV) hold promise for therapy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) resistant to traditional therapies. We examined the ability of genetically engineered HSV to infect and kill cells that express CD133, a putative marker of glioma progenitor cells (GPC), to determine if GPC have an inherent therapeutic resistance to HSV. Expression of CD133 and CD111 (nectin-1), the major entry molecule for HSV, was variable in six human glioma xenografts, at initial disaggregation and after tissue culture. Importantly, both CD133+ and CD133- populations of glioma cells expressed CD111 in similar relative proportions in five xenografts, and CD133+ and CD133- glioma cell subpopulations were equally sensitive to killing in vitro by graded dilutions of wild-type HSV-1(F) or several different gamma(1)34.5-deleted viruses. GPC did not display an inherent resistance to HSV. While CD111 expression was an important factor for determining sensitivity of glioma cells to HSV oncolysis, it was not the only factor. Our findings support the notion that HSV will not be able to effectively enter, infect, and kill cells in tumors that have low CD111 expression (<20%). However, virotherapy with HSV may be very effective against CD111+ GPC resistant to traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1046 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA.
| | - Catherine P Langford
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
| | - Kevin A Cassady
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1046 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
| | - Jacqueline N Parker
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1046 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1046 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1900 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating form of brain cancer for which there is no effective treatment. Here, we report a novel approach to brain tumor therapy through genetic modification of normal brain cells to block tumor growth and effect tumor regression. Previous studies have focused on the use of vector-based gene therapy for GBM by direct intratumoral injection with expression of therapeutic proteins by tumor cells themselves. However, as antitumor proteins are generally lethal to tumor cells, the therapeutic reservoir is rapidly depleted, allowing escape of residual tumor cells. Moreover, it has been difficult to achieve consistent transduction of these highly heterogeneous tumors. In our studies, we found that transduction of normal cells in the brain with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding interferon-beta (IFN-beta) was sufficient to completely prevent tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft models of GBM, even in the contralateral hemisphere. In addition, complete eradication of established tumors was achieved through expression of IFN-beta by neurons using a neuronal-restricted promoter. To our knowledge this is the first direct demonstration of the efficacy of targeting gene delivery exclusively to normal brain cells for brain tumor therapy.
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19
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Prandovszky E, Horváth S, Gellért L, Kovács SK, Janka Z, Toldi J, Shukla D, Vályi-Nagy T. Nectin-1 (HveC) is expressed at high levels in neural subtypes that regulate radial migration of cortical and cerebellar neurons of the developing human and murine brain. J Neurovirol 2008; 14:164-72. [PMID: 18444088 DOI: 10.1080/13550280801898672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) produce age-dependent encephalitis characterized by more severe involvement of the cerebral cortex in younger hosts. To elucidate the potential role of the major neural entry receptor of HSV, nectin-1, in age-dependent susceptibility of cortical neurons to viral encephalitis, the authors examined the anatomical distribution of the receptor protein in the developing human and mouse cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum by immunohistochemistry. Nectin-1 is expressed at high levels in guiding cells (radial glial cells and Cajal-Retzius cells) that regulate radial migration of neurons in cortical lamination, at lower levels in migrating neurons, and at variable levels in the transient ventricular and marginal zones of the cerebral cortical wall. These results may have implications regarding the selective spatiotemporal tropism of HSV to specific neuronal populations, and for the better understanding of neurodevelopmental defects caused by fetal HSV infections.
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Kummer C, Winkeler A, Dittmar C, Bauer B, Rueger MA, Rueckriem B, Heneka MT, Vollmar S, Wienhard K, Fraefel C, Heiss WD, Jacobs AH. Multitracer Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of Exogenous Gene Expression Mediated by a Universal Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Amplicon Vector. Mol Imaging 2007. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2007.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kummer
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Dittmar
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Bauer
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rueckriem
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Vollmar
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Wienhard
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dieter Heiss
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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21
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Jacobs AH, Rueger MA, Winkeler A, Li H, Vollmar S, Waerzeggers Y, Rueckriem B, Kummer C, Dittmar C, Klein M, Heneka MT, Herrlinger U, Fraefel C, Graf R, Wienhard K, Heiss WD. Imaging-Guided Gene Therapy of Experimental Gliomas. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1706-15. [PMID: 17308112 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To further develop gene therapy for patients with glioblastomas, an experimental gene therapy protocol was established comprising a series of imaging parameters for (i) noninvasive assessment of viable target tissue followed by (ii) targeted application of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon vectors and (iii) quantification of treatment effects by imaging. We show that viable target tissue amenable for application of gene therapy vectors can be identified by multitracer positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-(18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, methyl-(11)C-L-methionine, or 3'-deoxy-3'-(18)F-fluoro-L-thymidine ([(18)F]FLT). Targeted application of HSV-1 amplicon vectors containing two therapeutic genes with synergistic antitumor activity (Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase, cd, and mutated HSV-1 thymidine kinase, tk39, fused to green fluorescent protein gene, gfp) leads to an overall response rate of 68%, with 18% complete responses and 50% partial responses. Most importantly, we show that the "tissue dose" of HSV-1 amplicon vector-mediated gene expression can be noninvasively assessed by 9-[4-(18)F-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine ([(18)F]FHBG) PET. Therapeutic effects could be monitored by PET with significant differences in [(18)F]FLT accumulation in all positive control tumors and 72% in vivo transduced tumors (P = 0.01) as early as 4 days after prodrug therapy. For all stably and in vivo transduced tumors, cdIREStk39gfp gene expression as measured by [(18)F]FHBG-PET correlated with therapeutic efficiency as measured by [(18)F]FLT-PET. These data indicate that imaging-guided vector application with determination of tissue dose of vector-mediated gene expression and correlation to induced therapeutic effect using multimodal imaging is feasible. This strategy will help in the development of safe and efficient gene therapy protocols for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Jacobs
- Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, University of Cologne, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
Gene therapy is a potentially useful approach in the treatment of human brain tumors, which are notoriously refractory to conventional approaches. Most human clinical trials to date have been unsuccessful in terms of improving patient outcome. Recent improvements in viral vectors, the development of stem cell technology, and increased understanding of the mechanism of action of therapeutic transgenes provide hope that the next generation of gene therapeutics may show increased efficacy in treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Lawler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Dardinger Family Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, 43210, USA
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