1
|
Palepšienė R, Muralidharan A, Maciulevičius M, Ruzgys P, Chopra S, Boukany PE, Šatkauskas S. New insights into the mechanism of electrotransfer of small nucleic acids. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108696. [PMID: 38583283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful and rapidly developing technology that enables precise silencing of genes of interest. However, the clinical development of RNAi is hampered by the limited cellular uptake and stability of the transferred molecules. Electroporation (EP) is an efficient and versatile technique for the transfer of both RNA and DNA. Although the mechanism of electrotransfer of small nucleic acids has been studied previously, too little is known about the potential effects of significantly larger pDNA on this process. Here we present a fundamental study of the mechanism of electrotransfer of oligonucleotides and siRNA that occur independently and simultaneously with pDNA by employing confocal fluorescence microscopy. In contrast to the conditional understanding of the mechanism, we have shown that the electrotransfer of oligonucleotides and siRNA is driven by both electrophoretic forces and diffusion after EP, followed by subsequent entry into the nucleus within 5 min after treatment. The study also revealed that the efficiency of siRNA electrotransfer decreases in response to an increase in pDNA concentration. Overall, the study provides new insights into the mechanism of electrotransfer of small nucleic acids which may have broader implications for the future application of RNAi-based strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Palepšienė
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Aswin Muralidharan
- Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Martynas Maciulevičius
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Paulius Ruzgys
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Sonam Chopra
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto str. 10, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Felten R, Mertz P, Sebbag E, Scherlinger M, Arnaud L. Novel therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103612. [PMID: 37164306 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of unknown mechanisms of action are no longer being developed because we have largely capitalized on our improved understanding of the immunopathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) to develop therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and targeted treatments. These therapies have profoundly revolutionized the care of IMIDs. However, because of the heterogeneity of IMIDs and the redundancy of the targeted molecular pathways, some patients with IMIDs might not respond to a specific targeted drug or their disease might relapse secondarily. Therefore, there is much at stake in the development of new therapeutic strategies, which include combinations of mAbs or bispecific mAbs (BsMAbs), nanobodies and nanoparticles (NPs), therapeutic vaccines, small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. With the broad pipeline of targeted treatments in clinical development, the therapeutic paradigm is rapidly evolving from whether new drugs will be available to the complex selection of the most adequate targeted treatment (or treatment combination) at the patient level. This paradigm change highlights the need to better characterize the heterogeneous immunological spectrum of these diseases. Only then will these novel therapeutic strategies be able to fully demonstrate their potential to treat IMIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Felten
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Inserm 1434, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Strasbourg, France; Service de Rhumatologie, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes (RESO), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Mertz
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes (RESO), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eden Sebbag
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes (RESO), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Scherlinger
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes (RESO), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes (RESO), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Caro A, Bellard E, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Golzio M, Rols MP. Gene Electrotransfer Efficiency in 2D and 3D Cancer Cell Models Using Different Electroporation Protocols: A Comparative Study. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031004. [PMID: 36986866 PMCID: PMC10053976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation, a method relying on a pulsed electric field to induce transient cell membrane permeabilization, can be used as a non-viral method to transfer genes in vitro and in vivo. Such transfer holds great promise for cancer treatment, as it can induce or replace missing or non-functioning genes. Yet, while efficient in vitro, gene-electrotherapy remains challenging in tumors. To assess the differences of gene electrotransfer in respect to applied pulses in multi-dimensional (2D, 3D) cellular organizations, we herein compared pulsed electric field protocols applicable to electrochemotherapy and gene electrotherapy and different "High Voltage-Low Voltage" pulses. Our results show that all protocols can result in efficient permeabilization of 2D- and 3D-grown cells. However, their efficiency for gene delivery varies. The gene-electrotherapy protocol is the most efficient in cell suspensions, with a transfection rate of about 50%. Conversely, despite homogenous permeabilization of the entire 3D structure, none of the tested protocols allowed gene delivery beyond the rims of multicellular spheroids. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of electric field intensity and the occurrence of cell permeabilization, and underline the significance of pulses' duration, impacting plasmids' electrophoretic drag. The latter is sterically hindered in 3D structures and prevents the delivery of genes into spheroids' core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia de Caro
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale du CNRS UMR 5089, 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Elisabeth Bellard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale du CNRS UMR 5089, 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale du CNRS UMR 5089, 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale du CNRS UMR 5089, 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale du CNRS UMR 5089, 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Jin D, Kang X, Zhou R, Sun Y, Lian F, Tong X. Signaling Pathways Involved in Diabetic Renal Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696542. [PMID: 34327204 PMCID: PMC8314387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal interstitial fibrosis is a crucial metabolic change in the late stage of DKD, which is always considered to be complex and irreversible. In this review, we discuss the pathological mechanisms of diabetic renal fibrosis and discussed some signaling pathways that are closely related to it, such as the TGF-β, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and Notch pathways. The cross-talks among these pathways were then discussed to elucidate the complicated cascade behind the tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Finally, we summarized the new drugs with potential therapeutic effects on renal fibrosis and listed related clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms and related pathways of renal fibrosis in DKD and to provide novel therapeutic intervention insights for clinical research to delay the progression of renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim S, Lim JH, Woo CH. Therapeutic potential of targeting kinase inhibition in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020; 37:269-276. [PMID: 32693446 PMCID: PMC7606966 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. The fibrotic process ultimately leads to organ dysfunction and failure in chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, advanced kidney disease, and liver cirrhosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common form of progressive and chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Pathophysiologically, the parenchyma of the lung alveoli, interstitium, and capillary endothelium becomes scarred and stiff, which makes breathing difficult because the lungs have to work harder to transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveolar space and bloodstream. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and scarring of the lung tissue. Recent clinical trials focused on the development of pharmacological agents that either directly or indirectly target kinases for the treatment of IPF. Therefore, to develop therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis, it is essential to understand the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying signaling pathway. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of kinase signaling cascades in the regulation of either TGF-β-dependent or other signaling pathways, including Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5, and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase pathways, and potential therapeutic targets in IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Smart-Ageing Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Smart-Ageing Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paganin-Gioanni A, Rols MP, Teissié J, Golzio M. Cyclin B1 knockdown mediated by clinically approved pulsed electric fields siRNA delivery induces tumor regression in murine melanoma. Int J Pharm 2020; 573:118732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
7
|
Isaka Y. Targeting TGF-β Signaling in Kidney Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092532. [PMID: 30150520 PMCID: PMC6165001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of numerous progressive kidney diseases, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has an important role in tissue fibrosis by up-regulating matrix protein synthesis, inhibiting matrix degradation, and altering cell-cell interaction. Many strategies targeting TGF-β, including inhibition of production, activation, binding to the receptor, and intracellular signaling, have been developed. Some of them were examined in clinical studies against kidney fibrosis, and some are applied to other fibrotic diseases or cancer. Here, I review the approaches targeting TGF-β signaling in kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang JP, Yu HHM, Chiang ER, Wang JY, Chou PH, Hung SC. Corticosteroid inhibits differentiation of palmar fibromatosis-derived stem cells (FSCs) through downregulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198326. [PMID: 29944666 PMCID: PMC6019676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for musculoskeletal fibromatosis remains challenging. Surgical excision for fibromatosis is the standard therapy but recurrence remains high. Corticosteroids, an anti-fibrogenic compound, have been used to treat early stage palmar fibromatosis, but the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the inhibitory mechanism effect of corticosteroids in the murine model of fibromatosis nodule as well as in cultured FSCs. Quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) staining for markers of myofibroblasts (α-smooth muscle actin and type III collagen) were used to examine the effect of dexamethasone on myofibroblasic differentiation of FSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling and its downstream targets were examined using western blot analysis. TGF-β1 expression in FSCs before and after dexamethasone treatment was compared. In addition, inhibition of TGF-β1 expression was examined using RNA interference (RNAi) on FSCs, both in vitro and in vivo. Treating FSCs with dexamethasone inhibited FSCs’ myofibroblastic differentiation in vitro. Treating FSCs with dexamethasone before or after implantation further inhibited formation of fibromatosis nodules. Dexamethasone suppressed expression of TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3 by FSCs in vitro. TGF-β1 knockdown FSCs showed reducing myofibroblastic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, addition of TGF-β1 abolished dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of myofibroblastic differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the myofibroblastic differentiated potential of FSCs both in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of TGF-β1 expression in FSCs. TGF-β1 plays a key role in myofibroblastic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Pan Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hsiang-Hsuan Michael Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - En-Rung Chiang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po- Hsin Chou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li W, Ding Y, Smedley C, Wang Y, Chaudhari S, Birnbaumer L, Ma R. Increased glomerular filtration rate and impaired contractile function of mesangial cells in TRPC6 knockout mice. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646178 PMCID: PMC5482875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine if TRPC6 regulates glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the contractile function of glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). GFR was assessed in conscious TRPC6 wild type and knockout mice, and in anesthetized rats with and without in vivo knockdown of TRPC6 in kidneys. We found that GFR was significantly greater, and serum creatinine level was significantly lower in TRPC6 deficient mice. Consistently, local knockdown of TRPC6 in kidney using TRPC6 specific shRNA construct significantly attenuated Ang II-induced GFR decline in rats. Furthermore, Ang II-stimulated contraction and Ca2+ entry were significantly suppressed in primary MCs isolated from TRPC6 deficient mice, and the Ca2+ response could be rescued by re-introducing TRPC6. Moreover, inhibition of reverse mode of Na+-Ca2+ exchange by KB-R7943 significantly reduced Ca2+ entry response in TRPC6-expressing, but not in TRPC6-knocked down MCs. Ca2+ entry response was also significantly attenuated in Na+ free solution. Single knockdown of TRPC6 and TRPC1 resulted in a comparable suppression on Ca2+ entry with double knockdown of both. These results suggest that TRPC6 may regulate GFR by modulating MC contractile function through multiple Ca2+ signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, USA
| | - Crystal Smedley
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, USA
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, USA
| | - Sarika Chaudhari
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, USA
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Transmembrane Signaling Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mao X, Li F, Yang N, Qi C, Zhang SQ, Zhang Z, Wu H. Glomeruli or interstitium targeted by inter-renal injections supplemented by electroporation: Still a useful tool in renal research. J Gene Med 2016; 18:343-352. [PMID: 27794198 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies concerning proteins are always a crucial part of renal research. As a result of current technologies, scientists have mastered several techniques for generating genetically modified animals. However, in most cases, accessing these animals is still time-consuming and often expensive. This makes the alteration of protein expression by in vivo plasmid transfection an easily-accessible alternative. However, there is still no comprehensive study describing where plasmids would be expressed when they are injected into the kidneys. METHODS We injected pEGFP-N1 into rats via intra-/inter-renal channels and detected green fluorescent protein (GFP) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to localize plasmid expression. RESULTS Seven days post-injection, we found that GFP was expressed in the glomeruli when pEGFP-N1 was injected via the renal artery or vein enhanced by electroporation and in the interstitium following injection via the ureter. Other channels, including intraperitoneal, subcapsule and parenchymal injection, only led to scattered expression within the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that plasmid transfection via the renal vessels is suitable for glomeruli research and that transfection via the ureter is appropriate for studies regarding interstitium lesions. Additionally, we provide evidence that plasmid transfection on live animals is still an applicable and useful tool, as well as being cost-effective and facile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Mao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nianji Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenyang Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Steven Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Kidneys and Dialysis, Shanghai, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Kidneys and Dialysis, Shanghai, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liver transplantation in transthyretin amyloidosis: Characteristics and management related to kidney disease. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2016; 31:115-120. [PMID: 27671053 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) was implemented as the inaugural disease-modifying therapy for hereditary transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, a systemic amyloidosis mainly affecting the peripheral nervous system and heart. The first approach to pharmacologic therapy was focused on the stabilization of the TTR tetramer; following that new advent LT was assumed as the second step of treatment, for those patients whose neuropathy becomes worse after a course of pharmacologic therapy. The renal disease has been ignored in hereditary ATTR amyloidosis. The low level of proteinuria or slight renal impairment does not suppose such a heavy glomerular and vascular amyloid deposition. Moreover, severity of renal deposits does not consistently parallel that of myelinated nerve fiber loss. These are pitfalls that limit the success of LT and suggest troublesome criteria for pharmacological therapy or LT. An algorithm of evaluation concerning renal disease and treatment options is presented and some bridges-to-decision are exposed. In stage 4 or 5 kidney disease, the approach remains to deliver combined or sequential liver-kidney transplantation in eligible patients. However, in the majority, hemodialysis is the only option even in the presence of a well-functioning liver graft. In this review, we highlight useful information to aid the transplant hepatologist in the clinical practice.
Collapse
|
12
|
Golzio M, Teissié J. Imaging of Electrotransferred siRNA. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1372:89-97. [PMID: 26530917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3148-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SiRNA delivery to the cytoplasm can be obtained through the application of calibrated electric field pulses to a mixture of cells and oligonucleotides. To investigate the uptake pathway, time lapse confocal fluorescence microscopy provides a direct visualization of the transfer. SiRNA is electrophoretically drifted directly to the cytoplasm during the pulse. No post pulse transfer is observed. The uploaded siRNA then freely diffuse in the cytoplasm with no access to the nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Golzio
- IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), CNRS, BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France.,IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Justin Teissié
- IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), CNRS, BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France. .,IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse, UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ishida R, Kami D, Kusaba T, Kirita Y, Kishida T, Mazda O, Adachi T, Gojo S. Kidney-specific Sonoporation-mediated Gene Transfer. Mol Ther 2015; 24:125-34. [PMID: 26419704 PMCID: PMC4754547 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation can deliver agents to target local organs by systemic administration, while decreasing the associated risk of adverse effects. Sonoporation has been used for a variety of materials and in a variety of organs. Herein, we demonstrated that local sonoporation to the kidney can offer highly efficient transfer of oligonucleotides, which were systemically administrated to the tubular epithelium with high specificity. Ultrasonic wave irradiation to the kidney collapsed the microbubbles and transiently affected the glomerular filtration barrier and increased glomerular permeability. Oligonucleotides were passed through the barrier all at once and were absorbed throughout the tubular epithelium. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which plays a central role in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, was targeted using small interfering RNA (siRNA) with renal sonoporation in a murine model. The reduction of TNFα expression after single gene transfer significantly inhibited the expression of kidney injury markers, suggesting that systemic administration of siRNA under temporary and local sonoporation could be applicable in the clinical setting of ischemic acute kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ishida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusaba
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kirita
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaomi Adachi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Glebova K, Reznik ON, Reznik AO, Mehta R, Galkin A, Baranova A, Skoblov M. siRNA technology in kidney transplantation: current status and future potential. BioDrugs 2015; 28:345-61. [PMID: 24573958 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-014-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is one of the most common transplantation operations in the world, accounting for up to 50 % of all transplantation surgeries. To curtail the damage to transplanted organs that is caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury and the recipient's immune system, small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology is being explored. Importantly, the kidney as a whole is a preferential site for non-specific systemic delivery of siRNA. To date, most attempts at siRNA-based therapy for transplantation-related conditions have remained at the in vitro stage, with only a few of them being advanced into animal models. Hydrodynamic intravenous injection of naked or carrier-bound siRNAs is currently the most common route for delivery of therapeutic constructs. To our knowledge, no systematic screens for siRNA targets most relevant for kidney transplantation have been attempted so far. A majority of researchers have arrived at one or another target of interest by analyzing current literature that dissects pathological processes taking place in transplanted organs. A majority of the genes that make up the list of 53 siRNA targets that have been tested in transplantation-related models so far belong to either apoptosis- or immune rejection-centered networks. There is an opportunity for therapeutic siRNA combinations that may be delivered within the same delivery vector or injected at the same time and, by targeting more than one pathway, or by hitting the same pathways within two different key points, will augment the effects of each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Glebova
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Chaudhari S, Ren Y, Ma R. Impairment of hepatic nuclear factor-4α binding to the Stim1 promoter contributes to high glucose-induced upregulation of STIM1 expression in glomerular mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1135-45. [PMID: 25786776 PMCID: PMC4437002 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00563.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate if hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)4α contributed to the high glucose-induced increase in stromal interacting molecule (STIM)1 protein abundance in glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments showed HNF4α expression in MCs. Knockdown of HNF4α using a small interfering RNA approach significantly increased mRNA expression levels of both STIM1 and Orai1 and protein expression levels of STIM1 in cultured human MCs. Consistently, overexpression of HNF4α reduced expressed STIM1 protein expression in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. Furthermore, high glucose treatment did not significantly change the abundance of HNF4α protein in MCs but significantly attenuated HNF4α binding activity to the Stim1 promoter. Moreover, knockdown of HNF4α significantly augmented store-operated Ca(2+) entry, which is known to be gated by STIM1 and has recently been found to be antifibrotic in MCs. In agreement with those results, knockdown of HNF4α significantly attenuated the fibrotic response of high glucose. These results suggest that HNF4α negatively regulates STIM1 transcription in MCs. High glucose increases STIM1 expression levels by impairing HNF4α binding activity to the Stim1 promoter, which subsequently releases Stim1 transcription from HNF4α repression. Since the STIM1-gated store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathway in MCs has an antifibrotic effect, inhibition of HNF4α in MCs might be a potential therapeutic option for diabetic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Yuezhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang C, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Zhu T, Yang B. Fighting against kidney diseases with small interfering RNA: opportunities and challenges. J Transl Med 2015; 13:39. [PMID: 25637948 PMCID: PMC4354745 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant improvements in siRNA therapy have been achieved, which have great potential applications in humans. The kidney is a comparatively easy target organ of siRNA therapy due to its unique structural and functional characteristics. Here, we reviewed recent achievements in siRNA design, delivery and application with focuses on kidney diseases, in particular kidney transplant-related injuries. In addition, the strategy for increasing serum stability and immune tolerance of siRNA was also discussed. At last, the future challenges of siRNA therapy including organ/tissue/cell-specific delivery and time-controlled silence, as well as selecting therapeutic targets, were addressed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Transplant Group, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University Hospitals of Leicester, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Targeted electro-delivery of oligonucleotides for RNA interference: siRNA and antimiR. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:161-8. [PMID: 24819217 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, the understanding of RNA interference (RNAi) has been a growing field of interest. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that play an important role in disease development and progression and therefore represent a potential new class of therapeutic targets. However, delivery of RNAi-based oligonucleotides is one of the most challenging hurdles to RNAi-based drug development. Electropermeabilization (EP) is recognized as a successful non-viral method to transfer nucleic acids into living cells both in vitro and in vivo. EP is the direct application of electric pulses to cells or tissues that transiently permeabilize plasma membranes, allowing the efficient delivery of exogenous molecules. The present review focused on the mechanism of RNAi-based oligonucleotides electrotransfer, from cellular uptake to intracellular distribution. Biophysical theories on oligonucleotide electrotransfer will be also presented. The advantages and few drawbacks of EP-mediated delivery will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang C, Nilsson L, Cheema MU, Wang Y, Frøkiær J, Gao S, Kjems J, Nørregaard R. Chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles targeting cyclooxygenase type 2 attenuate unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced kidney injury in mice. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:110-23. [PMID: 25553102 PMCID: PMC4278998 DOI: 10.7150/thno.9717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) plays a predominant role in the progression of kidney injury in obstructive nephropathy. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of chitosan/small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles to knockdown COX-2 specifically in macrophages to prevent kidney injury induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Using optical imaging techniques and confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles accumulated in macrophages in the obstructed kidney. Consistent with the imaging data, the obstructed kidney contained a higher amount of siRNA and macrophages. Chitosan-formulated siRNA against COX-2 was evaluated on RAW macrophages demonstrating reduced COX-2 expression and activity after LPS stimulation. Injection of COX-2 chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles in mice subjected to three-day UUO diminished the UUO-induced COX-2 expression. Likewise, macrophages in the obstructed kidney had reduced COX-2 immunoreactivity, and histological examination showed lesser tubular damage in COX-2 siRNA-treated UUO mice. Parenchymal inflammation, assessed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 mRNA expression, was attenuated by COX-2 siRNA. Furthermore, treatment with COX-2 siRNA reduced heme oxygenase-1 and cleaved caspase-3 in UUO mice, indicating lesser oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our results demonstrate a novel strategy to prevent UUO-induced kidney damage by using chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles to knockdown COX-2 specifically in macrophages.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang D, Lv Y, Zhu H, Lv G, Huang J. Remedial applications of silencing ribonucleic acids and modalities for its delivery to the kidneys--a review. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:89-93. [PMID: 25392587 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kidney has been the target organ for the delivery of silencing ribonucleic acids (silencing RNA) administered systemically in comparison to other body tissues. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this review, we discussed different approaches made to delivering proteins to the kidneys in different conditions like normal and pathological defects. Data from clinical experiments have been used to discuss and support the administration of silencing RNA for the treatment of kidney diseases. RESULTS Results were achieved using the available genome wide RNA libraries. CONCLUSION The research results are helpful in application to 3D and conventional models to find the involvement of signal pathways in kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- Medical Education Center, Langfang Health Vocational College, 065001. Langfang, Heibei Province, China
| | - Yanfen Lv
- Children Health Department, Langfang Women and Children's Health Center, 065000, Langfang, Heibei Province, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Education Center, Langfang Health Vocational College, 065001, Langfang, Heibei Province, China
| | - Guifeng Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Education Center, Langfang Health Vocational College, 065001, Langfang, Heibei Province, China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Tongmin Branch Court, 361000, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sung WJ, Kim KH, Kim YJ, Chang YC, Lee IH, Park KK. Antifibrotic effect of synthetic Smad/Sp1 chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide through the regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition in unilateral ureteral obstruction model of mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:136-43. [PMID: 23791891 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is considered to be a common final pathway related to the progressive loss of renal function in chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix through the pivotal role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Transforming growth factor-β1 is postulated to play a central role in renal fibrosis via a downstream pathway such as Smad. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1), which is another transcription factor, is also involved in the basal expression of extracellular matrix. In this study, we investigate the effect of Smad decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and Sp1 decoy ODN in unilateral ureteral obstruction induced renal fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the newly designed chimeric decoy ODN, which contains both Smad and Sp1 binding sequences in one decoy molecule (Smad/Sp1 chi decoy ODN), was demonstrated. The expression of fibrosis and inflammatory related cytokines and products of fibrosis were ameliorated in the Smad, Sp1 and chimeric decoy ODN treated groups compared with the scrambled decoy ODN treated group. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition was suppressed by the Smad, Sp1 and Smad/Sp1 chi decoy ODN. Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis revealed that Smad/Sp1 chi decoy ODN showed a more significant inhibitory effect on fibrosis and EMT compared with Smad and Sp1 decoy ODNs. These results support the efficacy of Smad/Sp1 chi decoy compared with a single Smad or Sp1 decoy ODNs in preventing renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Sung
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, 3056-6 Daemyung 4-Dong, Nam-Gu, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chabot S, Pelofy S, Teissié J, Golzio M. Delivery of RNAi-Based Oligonucleotides by Electropermeabilization. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:510-21. [PMID: 24276121 PMCID: PMC3816695 DOI: 10.3390/ph6040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, understanding of RNA interference (RNAi) has been a growing field of interest. The potent gene silencing ability that small oligonucleotides have offers new perspectives for cancer therapeutics. One of the present limits is that many biological barriers exist for their efficient delivery into target cells or tissues. Electropermeabilization (EP) is one of the physical methods successfully used to transfer small oligonucleotides into cells or tissues. EP consists in the direct application of calibrated electric pulses to cells or tissues that transiently permeabilize the plasma membranes, allowing efficient in vitro and in vivo cytoplasmic delivery of exogenous molecules. The present review reports on the type of therapeutic RNAi-based oligonucleotides that can be electrotransferred, the mechanism(s) of their electrotransfer and the technical settings for pre-clinical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Chabot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31077, France; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
- Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Sandrine Pelofy
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31077, France; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
- Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Justin Teissié
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31077, France; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
- Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) BP 64182, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31077, France; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S.P.); (J.T.)
- Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-561-175-811; Fax: +33-561-175-994
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Numerous oligonucleotide-based biopharmaceuticals have been tested to suppress disease progression. These potent therapeutics include plasmids containing transgenes, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, DNAzymes, decoys, aptamers and small interfering RNAs. This perspective discusses the mechanisms and clinical applications of such oligonucleotidic therapeutics. In addition, the most promising oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, are discussed with regard to future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Isaka
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Departments of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Suite 565-0871, Japan +81 6 6879 3746; +81 6 6879 3749 ;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alvarez ML, DiStefano JK. Towards microRNA-based therapeutics for diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia 2013; 56:444-56. [PMID: 23135222 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is no cure for diabetic nephropathy and the molecular mechanisms underlying disease aetiology remain poorly understood. While current paradigms for clinical management of diabetic nephropathy are useful in delaying disease onset and preventing its progression, they do not do so for a significant proportion of diabetic individuals, who eventually end up developing renal failure. Thus, novel therapeutic targets are needed for the treatment and prevention of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, have recently been identified as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. It is widely recognised that dysregulation of miRNA expression or action contributes to the development of a number of different human diseases, and evidence of a role for miRNAs in the aetiology of diabetic nephropathy is emerging. The discovery that modulation of miRNA expression in vivo is feasible, combined with recent results from successful clinical trials using this technology, opens the way for future novel therapeutic applications. For instance, inhibition of miRNAs that are commonly upregulated in diabetic nephropathy decreases albuminuria and mesangial matrix accumulation in animal models, suggesting that a therapeutic agent against these molecules may help to prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy. Certain challenges, including the development of safe and reliable delivery systems, remain to be overcome before miRNA-based therapeutics become a reality. However, the findings accumulated to date, in conjunction with newly emerging results, are expected to yield novel insights into the complex pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, and may eventually lead to the identification of improved therapeutic targets for treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Alvarez
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 North Fifth St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ifediba MA, Moore A. In vivo imaging of the systemic delivery of small interfering RNA. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:428-37. [PMID: 22228711 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have emerged as a potent new class of therapeutics, which regulate gene expression through sequence-specific inhibition of mRNA translation. Human trials of siRNAs have highlighted the need for robust delivery and detection techniques that will enable the application of these therapeutics to increasingly complex disease and organ systems. Efforts to monitor the in vivo trafficking and efficacy of siRNAs have routinely involved bioluminescence imaging of naked siRNA molecules. More recently, siRNAs have been incorporated into a variety of molecular imaging probes to promote their detection with clinically relevant imaging modalities. Lipid-, polymer-, and nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery vehicles have proven effective in improving the stability, bioavailability, and target specificity of siRNAs following systemic administration in vivo. Additionally, these methods provide a platform to modify siRNAs with a variety of contrast agents and have enabled nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging of siRNA delivery in preclinical studies. These image-guided delivery approaches represent a crucial step in the transition of siRNA therapeutics to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marytheresa A Ifediba
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Direct visualization at the single-cell level of siRNA electrotransfer into cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:10443-7. [PMID: 21670256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103519108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA interference-mediated gene silencing approach is promising for therapies based on the targeted inhibition of disease-relevant genes. Electropermeabilization is one of the nonviral methods successfully used to transfer siRNA into living cells in vitro and in vivo. Although this approach is effective in the field of gene silencing by RNA interference, very little is known about the basic processes supporting siRNA transfer. In this study, we investigated, by direct visualization at the single-cell level, the delivery of Alexa Fluor 546-labeled siRNA into murine melanoma cells stably expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a target gene. The electrotransfer of siRNA was quantified by time lapse fluorescence microscopy and was correlated with the silencing of egfp expression. A direct transfer into the cell cytoplasm of the negatively charged siRNA was observed across the plasma membrane exclusively on the side facing the cathode. When added after electropulsation, the siRNA was inefficient for gene silencing because it did not penetrate the cells. Therefore, we report that an electric field acts on both the permeabilization of the cell plasma membrane and on the electrophoretic drag of the negatively charged siRNA molecules from the bulk phase into the cytoplasm. The transfer kinetics of siRNA are compatible with the creation of nanopores, which are described with the technique of synthetic nanopores. The mechanism involved was clearly specific for the physico-chemical properties of the electrotransferred molecule and was different from that observed with small molecules or plasmid DNA.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Perin L, Da Sacco S, De Filippo RE. Regenerative medicine of the kidney. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:379-87. [PMID: 21145933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
End stage renal disease is a major health problem in this country and worldwide. Although dialysis and kidney transplantation are currently used to treat this condition, kidney regeneration resulting in complete healing would be a desirable alternative. In this review we focus our attention on current therapeutic approaches used clinically to delay the onset of kidney failure. In addition we describe novel approaches, like Tissue Engineering, Stem cell Applications, Gene Therapy, and Renal Replacement Therapy that may one day be possible alternative therapies for patients with the hope of delaying kidney failure or even stopping the progression of renal disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Miyasato K, Takabatake Y, Kaimori J, Kimura T, Kitamura H, Kawachi H, Li XK, Hünig T, Takahara S, Rakugi H, Isaka Y. CD28 superagonist-induced regulatory T cell expansion ameliorates mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in rats. Clin Exp Nephrol 2010; 15:50-7. [PMID: 21076989 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-010-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for the prevention of autoimmunity and overshooting immune responses to pathogens; however, the involvement of Treg in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, a major cause of chronic kidney disease, remains unclear. Superagonistic CD28-specific monoclonal antibodies (CD28SA) are highly effective activators of Treg in rats. METHOD To confirm our hypothesis that CD28SA reduces the severity of experimental glomerulonephritis, anti-Thy1 nephritis model rats were treated with CD28SA or saline. RESULTS CD28SA significantly suppressed the increase in proteinuria and serum creatinine levels. CD28SA-treated nephritic rats exhibited an increase in the infiltration of Treg in the glomeruli accompanied by infiltration of CD163-positive macrophages ("alternatively activated" macrophages). In addition, CD28SA significantly induced interleukin-10 mRNA expression in glomeruli, thereby ameliorating mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion. CONCLUSION We established a new therapeutic approach to suppressing progressive glomerulonephritis. The therapeutic value of this approach warrants further attention and preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenro Miyasato
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aigner A. Delivery systems for the direct application of siRNAs to induce RNA interference (RNAi) in vivo. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2006:71659. [PMID: 17057369 PMCID: PMC1559929 DOI: 10.1155/jbb/2006/71659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful method for specific gene
silencing which may also lead to promising novel therapeutic
strategies. It is mediated through small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
which sequence-specifically trigger the cleavage and subsequent
degradation of their target mRNA. One critical factor is the
ability to deliver intact siRNAs into target cells/organs in vivo.
This review highlights the mechanism of RNAi and the guidelines
for the design of optimal siRNAs. It gives an overview of studies
based on the systemic or local application of naked siRNAs or the
use of various nonviral siRNA delivery systems. One promising
avenue is the the complexation of siRNAs with the polyethylenimine
(PEI), which efficiently stabilizes siRNAs and, upon systemic
administration, leads to the delivery of the intact siRNAs into
different organs. The antitumorigenic effects of
PEI/siRNA-mediated in vivo gene-targeting of tumor-relevant
proteins like in mouse tumor xenograft models are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Aigner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-v.-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033 Marburg, Germany
- *Achim Aigner:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ke B, Shen XD, Gao F, Qiao B, Ji H, Busuttil RW, Volk HD, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Small interfering RNA targeting heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) reinforces liver apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice: HO-1 is necessary for cytoprotection. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:1133-42. [PMID: 19534599 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) prevents the liver inflammation response leading to ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This study was designed to explore the precise function and mechanism of HO-1 cytoprotection in liver IRI by employing a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that effectively suppresses HO-1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Using a partial lobar liver warm ischemia model, mice were injected with HO-1 siRNA/nonspecific control siRNA or Ad-HO-1/Ad-beta-gal. Those treated with HO-1 siRNA showed increased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase levels, significant liver edema, sinusoidal congestion/cytoplasmic vacuolization, and severe hepatocellular necrosis. In contrast, Ad-HO-1-pretreated animals revealed only minimal sinusoidal congestion without edema/vacuolization or necrosis. Administration of HO-1 siRNA significantly increased local neutrophil accumulation and the frequency of apoptotic cells. Mice treated with HO-1 siRNA were characterized by increased caspase-3 activity and reduced HO-1 expression, whereas those given Ad-HO-1 showed decreased caspase-3 activity and increased HO-1/Bcl-2/Bcl-x(L), data confirmed by use of an in vitro cell culture system. Thus, by using an siRNA approach this study confirms that HO-1 provides potent cytoprotection against hepatic IRI and regulates liver apoptosis. Indeed, siRNA provides a powerful tool with which to study gene function in a wide range of liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Ke
- Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sakai T, Kawaguchi M, Kosuge Y. siRNA-mediated gene silencing in the salivary gland using in vivo microbubble-enhanced sonoporation. Oral Dis 2009; 15:505-11. [PMID: 19519620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES siRNA-induced gene silencing in the salivary gland using microbubble-enhanced sonoporation was used to develop an in vivo gene knockdown technique. METHODS siRNA targeting rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenas (GAPDH) was mixed with echo-enhanced microbubbles and reverse-injected into rat parotid glands using transdermal ultrasound. To compare direct and transdermal ultrasound efficiencies, an incision was made on the lateral neck to expose the parotid glands for direct application. The efficiency of gene suppression was determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 24-72 h after siRNA delivery. Cytotoxicity was assessed using histological analysis. RESULTS Expression of rat GAPDH in the parotid glands was silenced 48 h after siRNA was delivered by ultrasound (frequency: 1 MHz; intensity: 2 W cm(-2); exposure time: 2 min). High-intensity ultrasound induced tissue damage and apoptotic change. Echo-enhanced microbubbles significantly improved siRNA-induced gene silencing by 10-50%. Compared with transdermal application, direct-exposure ultrasound was only slightly effective, and no significant difference in gene expression was observed. CONCLUSION The results indicate that microbubble-enhanced sonoporation can yield in vivo siRNA gene silencing in the rat parotid gland. This technique could be applied to provide gene knockdown organs for functional genomic analyses and to develop siRNA-based gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Oral Health Science Center HRC7, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 261-8502, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suzuki T, Nishida K, Kakutani K, Maeno K, Yurube T, Takada T, Kurosaka M, Doita M. Sustained long-term RNA interference in nucleus pulposus cells in vivo mediated by unmodified small interfering RNA. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2009; 18:263-70. [PMID: 19142673 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-008-0873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has recently emerged as an important biological strategy for gene silencing. Previously, the efficacies of RNAi in cultured nucleus pulposus cells in vitro have been reported. However, RNAi in the disc in vivo has never been reported. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to establish a method for RNAi in the disc in vivo and to evaluate the applicability of this technique for endogenous genes in the intervertebral discs using Fas Ligand (FasL) as a representative endogenous gene. To evaluate the efficacy of RNAi in vivo, two reporter luciferase plasmids (Firefly and Renilla) were used. These plasmids and unmodified short interference RNA (siRNA) duplex for targeting Firefly luciferase were co-transfected into coccygeal intervertebral disc of Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo using the ultrasound gene transfer technique. To evaluate the RNAi of the endogenous gene in vivo, siRNAs targeting rat FasL were transfected with the same technique. Non-specific siRNA was used as the negative control. The discs receiving no siRNAs were used as the control. The inhibitory effect of Firefly luciferase against Renilla luciferase was obtained using the results of dual-luciferase assay. Down-regulation of endogenous FasL was calculated by the data from real-time PCR. Our results showed that siRNA for Firefly luciferase can dramatically down-regulate the Firefly luciferase gene expression in vivo compared with Renilla luciferase. The inhibitory effects were maintained for at least 24 weeks and at 24 weeks post transfection, the inhibitory rate was 80% compared with the control group. Furthermore, the siRNA co-transfection group inhibited endogenous FasL expression by 53% compared with the control group. The present study demonstrates long-term down-regulation mediated by unmodified siRNA is possible not only for the exogenous reporter gene, but also for endogenous FasL expression in rat discs in vivo. This application of RNAi might be promising as a local therapy for disc degeneration and associated disorders by down-regulating some of the genes that are harmful for the normal physiology of the disc and may cause disc degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Takabatake Y, Isaka Y, Imai E. In vivo transfer of small interfering RNA or small hairpin RNA targeting glomeruli. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 466:251-263. [PMID: 19148605 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-352-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Small synthetic interfering RNA duplexes (siRNAs) can selectively suppress gene expression in somatic mammalian cells without the nonselective toxic effects associated with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). However, in vivo delivery of siRNA targeting the kidney has been described in only a few reports. We have found that injection of synthetic siRNAs via the renal artery, followed by electroporation, can be therapeutically effective in silencing the expression of specific genes in the glomerulus. Here we provide details of an experimental protocol showing that 1) delivery of siRNA targeting enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to the kidney in the transgenic "green" rat reduces endogenous EGFP expression, mainly in the glomerular mesangial cells, and that 2) delivery of siRNA targeting transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 to the kidney significantly suppresses messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of TGF-beta1, thereby ameliorating the progression of matrix expansion in experimental glomerulonephritis. In addition, we describe the application of vector-based RNA interference (RNAi) (small hairpin RNA [shRNA]), which also inhibits TGF-beta1 expression in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The fast developing field of RNA interference (RNAi) requires monitoring of small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to targeted organs and evaluating the efficiency of target gene silencing. The molecular imaging approach fits perfectly to fulfill these needs and provides information in a fast, reproducible, and noninvasive manner. This review serves as a first attempt to summarize existing information on various imaging modalities and their application for siRNA imaging. It is noteworthy that new publications in this field appear almost on a weekly basis and the authors have made a sincere attempt to reflect the development of this area in their review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mukai H, Kawakami S, Hashida M. [Development of nucleic acid transfection technology to the kidney]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1577-86. [PMID: 18981692 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is one of the most important organs that play a crucial role in homeostasis and, therefore, congenital or acquired renal dysfunction causes refractory diseases, i.e., Alport's syndrome, Fabry's disease, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, kidney cancer, transplant glomerulopathy. Nucleic acid transfection technology to the kidney is indispensable for the progress of biomedical research and the realization of gene therapy and nucleic acid drug for renal diseases. Control of renal nucleic acid transfection was difficult because of the structural complexity; however, the study of recombinant virus, synthetic carrier and physical force-mediated nucleic acid transfection to the kidney has advanced. Recombinant virus and synthetic carrier-mediated methods require long-term block of the blood or urinary flow for efficient transfection of nucleic acid because of the rich blood flow of the kidney. In contrast, physical force-mediated methods that transfect with nucleic acid via transient membrane permeability do not apprehend ischemia-reperfusion injury and, therefore, may be beneficial for nucleic acid transfection to the kidney. In this article, we collect the information of therapeutic gene, target molecule of the nucleic acid drug and target cells for renal diseases and structural property of the kidney from the point of view of nucleic acid transfection. Additively, current status of nucleic acid transfection technology to the kidney is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Mukai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Suga H, Nagasaki H, Kondo TA, Okajima Y, Suzuki C, Ozaki N, Arima H, Yamamoto T, Ozaki N, Akai M, Sato A, Uozumi N, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Oiso Y. Novel treatment for lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus rat model using the Sendai-virus vector carrying aquaporin 2 gene. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5803-10. [PMID: 18653713 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a chronic disorder involving polyuria and polydipsia that results from unresponsiveness of the renal collecting ducts to the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. Either of the genetic defects in vasopressin V2 receptor or the water channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) cause the disease, which interfere the water reabsorption at the epithelium of the collecting duct. An unconscious state including a perioperative situation can be life threatening because of the difficulty to regulate their water balance. The Sendai virus (SeV) vector system deleting fusion protein (F) gene (SeV/DeltaF) is considered most suitable because of the short replication cycle and nontransmissible character. An animal model for NDI with reduced AQP2 by lithium chloride was used to develop the therapy. When the SeV/DeltaF vector carrying a human AQP2 gene (AQP2-SeV/DeltaF) was administered retrogradely via ureter to renal pelvis, AQP2 was expressed in the renal collecting duct to reduce urine output and water intake by up to 40%. In combination with the retorograde administration to pelvis, this system could be the cornerstone for the applicable therapies on not only NDI patients but also other diseases associate with the medullary collecting duct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Suga
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
González-González E, López-Casas PP, del Mazo J. Gene silencing by RNAi in mouse Sertoli cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:29. [PMID: 18620581 PMCID: PMC2483279 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) is a valuable tool in the investigation of gene function. The purpose of this study was to examine the availability, target cell types and efficiency of RNAi in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. METHODS The experimental model was based on transgenic mice expressing EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein). RNAi was induced by in vivo transfection of plasmid vectors encoding for short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting EGFP. shRNAs were transfected in vivo by microinjection into the seminiferous tubules via the rete testis followed by square wave electroporation. As a transfection reporter, expression of red fluorescent protein (HcRed 1) was used. Cell types, the efficiency of both transfections and RNAi were all evaluated. RESULTS Sertoli cells were the main transfected cells. A reduction of about 40% in the level of EGFP protein was detected in cells successfully transfected both in vivo and in vitro. However, the efficiency of in vivo transfection was low. CONCLUSION In adult seminiferous epithelial cells, in vivo post-transcriptional gene silencing mediated by RNAi via shRNA is efficient in Sertoli cells. Similar levels of RNAi were detected both in vivo and in vitro. This also indicates that Sertoli cells have the necessary silencing machinery to repress the expression of endogenous genes via RNAi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio González-González
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro P López-Casas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús del Mazo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kohan DE. Progress in gene targeting: using mutant mice to study renal function and disease. Kidney Int 2008; 74:427-37. [PMID: 18418351 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering in mice has provided much information about gene function in renal health and disease. This knowledge has largely come from conventional transgenic approaches. Recently, methods have been developed to control the cell type, timing and reversibility of target gene expression. Advances in identifying promoters conferring renal cell-specific gene regulation in vivo have greatly facilitated interpretation of gene targeting studies. Site-specific recombinases have permitted cell-specific knockout of genes; Cre is the preeminent recombinase, but recent progress with other recombinases, include Flp and PhiC31, will likely increase the usefulness of this class of enzymes. Temporally regulated gene expression, particularly using doxycycline- and tamoxifen-inducible systems, holds great promise for avoiding developmental effects of gene mutations as well as facilitating comparison of the same animal's phenotype before and after gene modification. RNA interference is undergoing tremendous growth and has great potential for achieving gene knockdown quickly and reversibly. To date, however, the utility of these systems in modifying renal function in transgenic mice remains unproven. Finally, new gene targeting tools are in development that may substantially simplify generation of transgenic animals. This review discusses the state-of-the-art in gene targeting in the kidney, reviewing function, indications and limitations of the molecular biologic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kawakami S, Higuchi Y, Hashida M. Nonviral approaches for targeted delivery of plasmid DNA and oligonucleotide. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:726-45. [PMID: 17823947 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Successful gene therapy depends on the development of efficient delivery systems. Although pDNA and ODN are novel candidates for nonviral gene therapy, their clinical applications are generally limited owing to their rapid degradation by nucleases in serum and rapid clearance. A great deal of effort had been devoted to developing gene delivery systems, including physical methods and carrier-mediated methods. Both methods could improve transfection efficacy and achieve high gene expression in vitro and in vivo. As for carrier-mediated delivery in vivo, since gene expression depends on the particle size, charge ratio, and interaction with blood components, these factors must be optimized. Furthermore, a lack of cell-selectivity limits the wide application to gene therapy; therefore, the use of ligand-modified carriers is a promising strategy to achieve well-controlled gene expression in target cells. In this review, we will focus on the in vivo targeted delivery of pDNA and ODN using nonviral carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang JH, Hendry BM, Sharpe CC. Silencing genes in the kidney: antisense or RNA interference? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:2115-8. [PMID: 18326563 PMCID: PMC2441770 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
41
|
TAKABATAKE YOSHITSUGU, ISAKA YOSHITAKA, IMAI ENYU. Renal artery injection for delivery of biological materials to the glomerulus (Methods in Renal Research Paper). Nephrology (Carlton) 2008; 13:23-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
42
|
Vandenbroucke RE, Lentacker I, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Sanders NN. Ultrasound assisted siRNA delivery using PEG-siPlex loaded microbubbles. J Control Release 2007; 126:265-73. [PMID: 18237813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) attracts much attention for the treatment of various diseases. However, its delivery, especially via systemic routes, remains a challenge. Indeed, naked siRNAs are rapidly degraded, while complexed siRNAs massively aggregate in the blood or are captured by macrophages. Although this can be circumvented by PEGylation, we found that PEGylation had a strong negative effect on the gene silencing efficiency of siRNA-liposome complexes (siPlexes). Recently, ultrasound combined with microbubbles has been used to deliver naked siRNA but the gene silencing efficiency is rather low and very high amounts of siRNA are required. To overcome the negative effects of PEGylation and to enhance the efficiency of ultrasound assisted siRNA delivery, we coupled PEGylated siPlexes (PEG-siPlexes) to microbubbles. Ultrasound radiation of these microbubbles resulted in massive release of unaltered PEG-siPlexes. Interestingly, PEG-siPlexes loaded on microbubbles were able to enter cells after exposure to ultrasound, in contrast to free PEG-siPlexes, which were not able to enter cells rapidly. Furthermore, these PEG-siPlex loaded microbubbles induced, in the presence of ultrasound, much higher gene silencing than free PEG-siPlexes. Additionally, the PEG-siPlex loaded microbubbles only silenced the expression of genes in the presence of ultrasound, which allows space and time controlled gene silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Takabatake Y, Isaka Y, Mizui M, Kawachi H, Takahara S, Imai E. Chemically modified siRNA prolonged RNA interference in renal disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 363:432-7. [PMID: 17880921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that transfection of synthetic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting against TGF-beta1 could be effective and therapeutic in silencing TGF-beta1 expression in glomerulus, thereby ameliorated the progression of matrix expansion in anti-Thy-1 model of glomerulonephritis. However, a major concern in applying RNAi to gene therapy is the prolonged existence of silencing potential in vivo. METHOD We examined the duration of siRNA stability in kidney and muscle, and checked the tissue distribution of siRNase, eri-1. Thereafter, we tested the effect of chemically modified siRNA called siSTABLE on progressive glomerulosclerosis model. RESULTS A single introduction of siRNA for EGFP (siEGFP) or its expression vector into kidney resulted in the reduction of masangial EGFP expression only for up to two weeks, while transfection of siEGFP into the pretibial muscle silenced EGFP expression unexpectedly for more than 90 days. These observations could be explained by the different expression of eri-1 between kidney and muscle. In addition, transfection of ERI-1-resistant siSTABLE for TGF-beta1 significantly reduced glomerular matrix deposition in progressive glomerulosclerosis model. CONCLUSION Treatment with siRNA resistant to eri-1 may be effective and promising strategy for progressive renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (A8), Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Non-viral gene transfer is markedly enhanced by the application of in vivo electroporation. Electroporation is a safe and efficient system to introduce genes to a wide variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle, tumors, kidney, liver and skin. Electroporation has been demonstrated to be effective in numerous disease models. This review focuses on the principles of electroporation and the target tissues employed for gene therapy. Based on the accumulation of positive results, the first clinical study for the treatment of malignant melanoma is now underway, and preclinical studies have suggested that electroporation is useful as a gene therapy protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Isaka
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Divisions of Advanced Technology for Transplantation and Nephrology, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zies DL, Gumz ML, Wingo CS, Cain BD. The renal H+, K+-ATPases as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:881-90. [PMID: 17614757 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.7.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is an important regulatory organ responsible for maintaining constant blood volume and composition despite wide variations in the intake of food and water. Throughout the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, there is a wide variety of proteins that function to add additional waste products and to recover needed materials from the lumen filtrate. The collecting duct of the nephron is the primary renal location for the H+, K+-ATPases, a group of ion pumps that function in both acid/base balance and potassium homeostasis. This review summarizes the present understanding of the structure and functions for the different subtypes of the H+, K+-ATPases under specific physiologic conditions. The obstacles in determining the pharmacologic properties of the different subtypes are considered and future directions for the inhibition and/or stimulation of the H+, K+-ATPases are evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Zies
- University of Mary Washington, Department of Biology, Fredericksburg, VA 22401, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aigner A. Applications of RNA interference: current state and prospects for siRNA-based strategies in vivo. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:9-21. [PMID: 17457539 PMCID: PMC7079960 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Within the recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) has become an almost-standard method for in vitro knockdown of any target gene of interest. Now, one major focus is to further explore its potential in vivo, including the development of novel therapeutic strategies. From the mechanism, it becomes clear that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) play a pivotal role in triggering RNAi. Thus, the efficient delivery of target gene-specific siRNAs is one major challenge in the establishment of therapeutic RNAi. Numerous studies, based on different modes of administration and various siRNA formulations and/or modifications, have already accumulated promising results. This applies to various animal models covering viral infections, cancer and multiple other diseases. Continuing efforts will lead to the development of efficient and “double-specific” drugs, comprising of siRNAs with high target gene specificity and of nanoparticles enhancing siRNA delivery and target organ specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Aigner
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kong Y, Ruan L, Ma L, Cui Y, Wang JM, Le Y. RNA interference as a novel and powerful tool in immunopharmacological research. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:417-26. [PMID: 17321464 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for silencing gene expression, is realized through the actions of both small interference RNA (siRNA) and microRNA. Since its discovery, siRNA has been rapidly deployed not only for the elucidation of gene function, but also for identification of drug targets and as a powerful therapeutic approach for a variety of diseases. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of RNAi, methods of siRNA design and delivery, and summarized recent researches on the therapeutic potential of RNAi for immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kong
- Laboratory of Immunologic and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Golzio M, Mazzolini L, Ledoux A, Paganin A, Izard M, Hellaudais L, Bieth A, Pillaire MJ, Cazaux C, Hoffmann JS, Couderc B, Teissié J. In vivo gene silencing in solid tumors by targeted electrically mediated siRNA delivery. Gene Ther 2007; 14:752-9. [PMID: 17344906 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing approaches appear very promising for therapies based on the targeted inhibition of disease-relevant genes. The major hurdle to the therapeutic development of RNAi strategies remains, however, the efficient delivery of the RNAi-inducing molecules, the short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), to the target tissue. With respect to cancer treatment the development of efficient delivery methods into solid tumors appears as a critical issue. However, very few studies have addressed this problem. In this study we have investigated the contribution of electrically mediated delivery of siRNA into murine tumors stably expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) target reporter gene. The silencing of EGFP gene expression was quantified over time by fluorescence imaging in the living animal. Our study indicates that electric field can be used as an efficient method for siRNA delivery and associated gene silencing into cells of solid tumors in vivo.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Silencing of gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool for functional genomics in mammalian cells. Furthermore, RNAi holds promise as a simple, fast and cost-effective approach to studying mammalian gene function in vivo and as a novel therapeutic approach. This review provides an overview of the progress of RNAi in vivo, with emphasis on systemic/local siRNA delivery, viral shRNA vectors, shRNA vector transgenic mice and conditional systems to control shRNA vectors. Taken together, the data from 80 in vivo studies show that RNAi is a useful tool that offers new opportunities for functional genomics in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kühn
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Inoue T, Sugimoto M, Sakurai T, Saito R, Futaki N, Hashimoto Y, Honma Y, Arai I, Nakaike S. Modulation of scratching behavior by silencing an endogenous cyclooxygenase-1 gene in the skin through the administration of siRNA. J Gene Med 2007; 9:994-1001. [PMID: 17703497 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming a major tool that is revolutionizing research in the bioscience and biomedical fields. To apply the RNAi technique in vivo, it is crucial to develop appropriate methods of guiding the short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules to the right tissues and cells. Here, we demonstrate an efficient method for performing gene knockdown in the body skin using the in vivo electro-transduction of siRNA. Using this method, we examined whether the targeted silencing of the cyclooxygenase (COX) gene in the skin could modulate the scratching behavior of an atopic dermatitis mouse model. METHODS NC/Nga mice were used as the atopic dermatitis model. Using our optimized in vivo electroporation conditions, siRNAs were introduced into the skin; the silencing efficiency was then analyzed by Western blotting, measuring the levels of prostaglandins, and immunohistochemistry. The scratching behaviors of the mice were measured using an automatic system. RESULTS Targeted silencing of the COX-1 gene using our in vivo siRNA technique significantly accelerated the scratching behavior of NC/Nga mice, whereas the COX-2 siRNA showed no effect. In addition, the effect of COX-1 siRNA was mimicked by treatment with a COX-1-selective inhibitor (SC-560). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the successful silencing of endogenous gene expression in the skin using the intradermal transfection of unmodified siRNA via electroporation. Using this method, we revealed that COX- 1-mediated prostaglandins may act as endogenous inhibitors of scratching behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Inoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|