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Frank CE, Sadeghi J, Heath DD, Semeniuk CAD. Behavioral transcriptomic effects of triploidy and probiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus mixture) on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e12898. [PMID: 38817102 PMCID: PMC11140169 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculturists use polyploid fish to maximize production albeit with some unintended consequences including compromised behaviors and physiological function. Given benefits of probiotic therapies (e.g., improved immune response, growth, and metabolism), we explored probiotic supplementation (mixture of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus), to overcome drawbacks. We first examined fish gut bacterial community composition using 16S metabarcoding (via principal coordinate analyses and PERMANOVA) and determined probiotics significantly impacted gut bacteria composition (p = 0.001). Secondly, we examined how a genomic disruptor (triploidy) and diet supplements (probiotics) impact gene transcription and behavioral profiles of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Juveniles from four treatment groups (diploid-regular feed, diploid-probiotic feed, triploid-regular feed, and triploid-probiotic feed; n = 360) underwent behavioral assays to test activity, exploration, neophobia, predator evasion, aggression/sociality, behavioral sensitivity, and flexibility. In these fish, transcriptional profiles for genes associated with neural functions (neurogenesis/synaptic plasticity) and biomarkers for stress response and development (growth/appetite) were (i) examined across treatments and (ii) used to describe behavioral phenotypes via principal component analyses and general linear mixed models. Triploids exhibited a more active behavioral profile (p = 0.002), and those on a regular diet had greater Neuropeptide Y transcription (p = 0.02). A growth gene (early growth response protein 1, p = 0.02) and long-term neural development genes (neurogenic differentiation factor, p = 0.003 and synaptysomal-associated protein 25-a, p = 0.005) impacted activity and reactionary profiles, respectively. Overall, our probiotic treatment did not compensate for triploidy. Our research highlights novel applications of behavioral transcriptomics for identifying candidate genes and dynamic, mechanistic associations with complex behavioral repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Frank
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Javad Sadeghi
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Daniel D. Heath
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Christina A. D. Semeniuk
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
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2
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Nakayama T, Singh AK, Fukutomi T, Uchida N, Terao Y, Hamada H, Muraoka T, Muthusamy E, Kundu TK, Akagawa K. Activator of KAT3 histone acetyltransferase family ameliorates a neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype in the syntaxin 1A ablated mouse model. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114101. [PMID: 38613786 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin-1A (stx1a) repression causes a neurodevelopmental disorder phenotype, low latent inhibition (LI) behavior, by disrupting 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) systems. Herein, we discovered that lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) 3B increases stx1a neuronal transcription and TTK21, a KAT3 activator, induces stx1a transcription and 5-HT release in vitro. Furthermore, glucose-derived CSP-TTK21 could restore decreased stx1a expression, 5-HTergic systems in the brain, and low LI in stx1a (+/-) mice by crossing the blood-brain barrier, whereas the KAT3 inhibitor suppresses stx1a expression, 5-HTergic systems, and LI behaviors in wild-type mice. Finally, in wild-type and stx1a (-/-) mice treated with IKK inhibitors and CSP-TTK21, respectively, we show that KAT3 activator-induced LI improvement is a direct consequence of KAT3B-stx1a pathway, not a side effect. In conclusion, KAT3B can positively regulate stx1a transcription in neurons, and increasing neuronal stx1a expression and 5-HTergic systems by a KAT3 activator consequently improves the low LI behavior in the stx1a ablation mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakayama
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Akash K Singh
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India; Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Toshiyuki Fukutomi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Department of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India; Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Kimio Akagawa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Kim D, Yadav D, Song M. An updated review on animal models to study attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:187. [PMID: 38605002 PMCID: PMC11009407 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting both children and adolescents. Individuals with ADHD experience heterogeneous problems, such as difficulty in attention, behavioral hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recent studies have shown that complex genetic factors play a role in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders. Animal models with clear hereditary traits are crucial for studying the molecular, biological, and brain circuit mechanisms underlying ADHD. Owing to their well-managed genetic origins and the relative simplicity with which the function of neuronal circuits is clearly established, models of mice can help learn the mechanisms involved in ADHD. Therefore, in this review, we highlighting the important genetic animal models that can be used to study ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daegeon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea.
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4
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Mensi MM, Guerini FR, Marchesi M, Chiappedi M, Bolognesi E, Borgatti R. SNAP-25 Polymorphisms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study towards a Possible Endophenotype. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:766-773. [PMID: 38133436 PMCID: PMC10747488 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While there is substantial agreement on the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder, it is also acknowledged that it has a broad range of clinical presentations. This can complicate the diagnostic process and aggravate the choice of the most suitable rehabilitative strategy for each child. Attentional difficulties are among the most frequently reported comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder. We investigated the role of SNAP-25 polymorphisms. Synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP25) is a presynaptic membrane-binding protein; it plays a crucial role in neurotransmission and has already been studied in numerous psychiatric disorders. It was also seen to be associated with hyperactivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. We collected clinical, behavioral and neuropsychological data on 41 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, and then genotyped them for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms of SNAP-25. Participants were divided into two groups according to the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) Severity Score. In the group with the highest severity score, we found significant associations of clinical data with polymorphism rs363050 (A/G): children with the GG genotype had lower total IQ, more severe autistic functioning and more attentional difficulties. Our research could be the starting point for outlining a possible endophenotype among patients with autism spectrum disorder who are clinically characterized by severe autistic functioning and significant attentional difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maria Mensi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation—ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (F.R.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Michele Marchesi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST Pavia, 27029 Vigevano, Italy;
| | - Matteo Chiappedi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Renato Borgatti
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.M.); (R.B.)
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST Pavia, 27029 Vigevano, Italy;
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Kuś J, Saramowicz K, Czerniawska M, Wiese W, Siwecka N, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Kucharska-Lusina A, Strzelecki D, Majsterek I. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12983. [PMID: 37629164 PMCID: PMC10454781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, although the aetiology of ADHD is not yet understood. One proposed theory for developing ADHD is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) dysfunction. NMDARs are involved in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory function in the brain. Abnormal expression or polymorphism of some genes associated with ADHD results in NMDAR dysfunction. Correspondingly, NMDAR malfunction in animal models results in ADHD-like symptoms, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity. Currently, there are no drugs for ADHD that specifically target NMDARs. However, NMDAR-stabilizing drugs have shown promise in improving ADHD symptoms with fewer side effects than the currently most widely used psychostimulant in ADHD treatment, methylphenidate. In this review, we outline the molecular and genetic basis of NMDAR malfunction and how it affects the course of ADHD. We also present new therapeutic options related to treating ADHD by targeting NMDAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kuś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Kamil Saramowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Maria Czerniawska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Wojciech Wiese
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Wioletta Rozpędek-Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Aleksandra Kucharska-Lusina
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
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Huang W, Fateh AA, Zhao Y, Zeng H, Yang B, Fang D, Zhang L, Meng X, Hassan M, Wen F. Effects of the SNAP-25 Mnll variant on hippocampal functional connectivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1219189. [PMID: 37635807 PMCID: PMC10447972 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1219189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders affecting children worldwide. Although synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) is a possible gene hypothesized to be associated with working memory deficits in ADHD, little is known about its specific impact on the hippocampus. The goal of the current study was to determine how variations in ADHD's SNAP-25 Mnll polymorphism (rs3746544) affect hippocampal functional connectivity (FC). Methods A total of 88 boys between the ages of 7 and 10 years were recruited for the study, including 60 patients with ADHD and 28 healthy controls (HCs). Data from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and clinical information were acquired and assessed. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the SNAP-25 gene were genotyped, according to which the study's findings separated ADHD patients into two groups: TT homozygotes (TT = 35) and G-allele carriers (TG = 25). Results Based on the rs-fMRI data, the FC of the right hippocampus and left frontal gyrus was evaluated using group-based comparisons. The corresponding sensitivities and specificities were assessed. Following comparisons between the patient groups, different hippocampal FCs were identified. When compared to TT patients, children with TG had a lower FC between the right precuneus and the right hippocampus, and a higher FC between the right hippocampus and the left middle frontal gyrus. Conclusion The fundamental neurological pathways connecting the SNAP-25 Mnll polymorphism with ADHD via the FC of the hippocampus were newly revealed in this study. As a result, the hippocampal FC may further serve as an imaging biomarker for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Huang
- Department of Pediatric China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Healthy Care Center, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ahmed Ameen Fateh
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Healthy Care Center, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diangang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Healthy Care Center, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianlei Meng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Bolat H, Ünsel-Bolat G, Özgül S, Parıltay E, Tahıllıoğlu A, Rohde LA, Akın H, Ercan ES. Investigation of possible associations of the BDNF, SNAP-25 and SYN III genes with the neurocognitive measures: BDNF and SNAP-25 genes might be involved in attention domain, SYN III gene in executive function. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 76:610-615. [PMID: 35077325 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2022.2027518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) might be a second inattention disorder that might be even affected by different attention pathways. SCT is characterized by daydreaming, mental confusion, staring blankly and hypoactivity. In the present study, we evaluated 5 common variants (rs6265, rs3746544, rs1051312, rs133946 and rs133945) located in 3 candidate genes (BDNF, SNAP25 and SYN III) that are known to take part in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter transmission. METHODS We tested the effects of these variants on neuropsychological findings assessed by a computer-based neuropsychological test battery in children with inattention symptoms (SCT and/or ADHD). RESULTS BDNF (rs6265), SNAP25 (rs3746544 and rs1051312) and SYN III (rs133946 and rs133945) polymorphisms were associated with variable cognitive measures. BDNF gene (rs6265) polymorphism Met allele carriers and SNAP25 gene (rs3746544) T allele carriers had an association with the attention domain. SNAP25 gene (rs1051312) C allele carriers were only associated with reaction time scores. Cognitive flexibility, which is one of the key components of executive function evaluation and shifting attention test scores were associated with BDNF (rs6265) Met allele and SYN III (rs133946) gene G allele. SYN III (rs133945) gene C allele carriers had an association with verbal memory correct hit scores. CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, BDNF, SNAP25 and SYN III genes were associated with specific neurocognitive outcomes in children with inattention symptoms. It is important to note that exploring genotyping effects on neurocognitive functions instead of a heterogeneous psychiatric diagnosis can improve our understanding of psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Bolat
- Department of Medical Genetics, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Bioinformatics, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gül Ünsel-Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Semiha Özgül
- Department of Bioistatistics and Medical Informatics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erhan Parıltay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Akın Tahıllıoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Çiğli Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haluk Akın
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Sabri Ercan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Çiğli Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Fang D, Yang B, Wang P, Mo T, Gan Y, Liang G, Huang R, Zeng H. Role of SNAP-25 MnlI variant in impaired working memory and brain functions in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2758. [PMID: 36068994 PMCID: PMC9575616 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by working memory (WM) deficits. The MnlI variant (rs3746544) of the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) gene is associated with ADHD. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of SNAP-25 MnlI variant in cognitive impairment and brain functions in boys with ADHD. METHOD We performed WM capacity tests using the fourth version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis for the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 56 boys with ADHD divided into two genotypic groups (TT homozygotes and G-allele carriers). Next, Spearman's rank correlation analysis between the obtained ReHo values and the WM index (WMI) calculated for each participant. RESULTS Compared with G-allele carrier group, there were higher ReHo values for the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and higher WM capacity in TT homozygote group. Contrary to TT homozygote group, the WM capacity was negatively correlated with the peak ReHo value for the left mPFC in G-allele carrier group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SNAP-25 MnlI variant may underlie cognitive and brain function impairments in boys with ADHD, thus suggesting its potential as a new target for ADHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diangang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Development and Behavior Specialty, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Fuwai Hospital CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Mo
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yungen Gan
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Cervantes-Henríquez ML, Acosta-López JE, Martinez AF, Arcos-Burgos M, Puentes-Rozo PJ, Vélez JI. Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Severity: Association and Linkage to ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:587-605. [PMID: 34009035 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211015426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25 genes are associated with and predict ADHD severity in families from a Caribbean community. METHOD ADHD severity was derived using latent class cluster analysis of DSM-IV symptomatology. Family-based association tests were conducted to detect associations between SNPs and ADHD severity latent phenotypes. Machine learning algorithms were used to build predictive models of ADHD severity based on demographic and genetic data. RESULTS Individuals with ADHD exhibited two seemingly independent latent class severity configurations. SNPs harbored in DRD4, SNAP25, and ADGRL3 showed evidence of linkage and association to symptoms severity and a potential pleiotropic effect on distinct domains of ADHD severity. Predictive models discriminate severe from non-severe ADHD in specific symptom domains. CONCLUSION This study supports the role of DRD4, SNAP25, and ADGRL3 genes in outlining ADHD severity, and a new prediction framework with potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro J Puentes-Rozo
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Yang Y, Peng G, Zeng H, Fang D, Zhang L, Xu S, Yang B. Effects of the SNAP25 on Integration Ability of Brain Functions in Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:88-100. [PMID: 33084494 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720964561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the effects of SNAP25 on the integration ability of intrinsic brain functions in children with ADHD, and whether the integration ability was associated with working memory (WM). METHODS A sliding time window method was used to calculate the spatial and temporal concordance among five rs-fMRI regional indices in 55 children with ADHD and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS The SNAP25 exhibited significant interaction effects with ADHD diagnosis on the voxel-wise concordance in the right posterior central gyrus, fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus. Specifically, for children with ADHD, G-carriers showed increased voxel-wise concordance in comparison to TT homozygotes in the right precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. The voxel-wise concordance was also found to be related to WM. CONCLUSION Our findings provided a new insight into the neural mechanisms of the brain function of ADHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Shoujun Xu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Stanford SC. Animal Models of ADHD? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:363-393. [PMID: 35604570 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To describe animals that express abnormal behaviors as a model of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) implies that the abnormalities are analogous to those expressed by ADHD patients. The diagnostic features of ADHD comprise inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity and so these behaviors are fundamental for validation of any animal model of this disorder. Several experimental interventions such as neurotoxic lesion of neonatal rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), genetic alterations, or selective inbreeding of rodents have produced animals that express each of these impairments to some extent. This article appraises the validity of claims that these procedures have produced a model of ADHD, which is essential if they are to be used to investigate the underlying cause(s) of ADHD and its abnormal neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clare Stanford
- Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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Blasi V, Bolognesi E, Ricci C, Baglio G, Zanzottera M, Canevini MP, Walder M, Cabinio M, Zanette M, Baglio F, Clerici M, Guerini FR. SNAP-25 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Brain Morphology and Intelligence in Children With Borderline Intellectual Functioning: A Mediation Analysis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:715048. [PMID: 34512248 PMCID: PMC8427043 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.715048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is a multifactorial condition in which both genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute to the clinical outcome. Abnormal cortical development and lower IQ scores were shown to be correlated in BIF children, but the genetic components of this condition and their possible connection with intelligence and brain morphology have never been investigated in BIF. The synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kD (SNAP-25) is involved in synaptic plasticity, neural maturation, and neurotransmission, affecting intellectual functioning. We investigated SNAP-25 polymorphisms in BIF and correlated such polymorphisms with intelligence and cortical thickness, using socioeconomic status and environmental stress as covariates as a good proxy of the variables that determine intellectual abilities. Thirty-three children with a diagnosis of BIF were enrolled in the study. SNAP-25 polymorphisms rs363050, rs363039, rs363043, rs3746544, and rs1051312 were analyzed by genotyping; cortical thickness was studied by MRI; intelligence was measured using the WISC-III/IV subscales; environmental stressors playing a role in neuropsychiatric development were considered as covariate factors. Results showed that BIF children carrying the rs363043(T) minor allele represented by (CT + TT) genotypes were characterized by lower performance Perceptual Reasoning Index and lower full-scale IQ scores (p = 0.04) compared to those carrying the (CC) genotype. This association was correlated with a reduced thickness of the left inferior parietal cortex (direct effect = 0.44) and of the left supramarginal gyrus (direct effect = 0.56). These results suggest a link between SNAP-25 polymorphism and intelligence with the mediation role of brain morphological features in children with BIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Blasi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristian Ricci
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Epilepsy Center, ASST S. Paolo and S. Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Walder
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - ASST S. Paolo and S. Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Monia Cabinio
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sun X, Wang X, Zhou HC, Zheng J, Su YX, Luo F. β3-adrenoceptor activation exhibits a dual effect on behaviors and glutamate receptor function in the prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113417. [PMID: 34157371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
β-adrenoceptor (β-AR), especially the β1- and β2-AR subtypes, is known to participate in stress-related behavioral changes. Recently, SR58611A, a brain-penetrant β3-AR agonist, exhibits anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. In this study, we sought to study the role of SR58611A in behavioral changes and its potential cellular and molecular mechanism in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We found that rats with SR58611A (1 mg/kg) enhanced PFC-mediated recognition memory, whereas administration of higher dosage of SR58611A (20 mg/kg) caused hyperlocomotion, and exhibited an impairment effect on recognition memory. Electrophysiological data also indicated that SR58611A (1 mg/kg) selectively enhanced NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) through interacting with norepinephrine (NE) system and activating β3-AR, whereas higher dosage of SR58611A (20 mg/kg) reduced both AMPA receptor- and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSC. SR58611A-induced different effects on EPSC linked with the change of the surface expression quantity of NMDA receptor and/or AMPA receptor subunits. Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), which is a key soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein involved in incorporation of NMDA receptor to postsynaptic membrane, contributed to SR58611A (1 mg/kg)-induced enhancement of recognition memory and NMDA receptor function. Moreover, SR58611A (1 mg/kg) could rescue repeated stress-induced defect of both recognition memory and NMDA receptor function through a SNAP-25-dependent mechanism. These results provide a potential mechanism underlying the cognitive-enhancing effects of SR58611A (1 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Hou-Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Neurobiology & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Su
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Fei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Agostini S, Mancuso R, Costa AS, Guerini FR, Trecate F, Miglioli R, Menna E, Arosio B, Clerici M. Sarcopenia associates with SNAP-25 SNPs and a miRNAs profile which is modulated by structured rehabilitation treatment. J Transl Med 2021; 19:315. [PMID: 34289870 PMCID: PMC8296538 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and strength causing disability, morbidity, and mortality in older adults, which is characterized by alterations of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). SNAP-25 is essential for the maintenance of NMJ integrity, and the expression of this protein was shown to be modulated by the SNAP-25 rs363050 polymorphism and by a number of miRNAs. METHODS We analysed these parameters in a cohort of sarcopenic patients undergoing structured rehabilitation. The rs363050 genotype frequency distribution was analyzed in 177 sarcopenic patients and 181 healthy controls (HC). The concentration of seven miRNAs (miR-451a, miR-425-5p, miR155-5p, miR-421-3p, miR-495-3p, miR-744-5p and miR-93-5p), identified by mouse brain miRNome analysis to be differentially expressed in wild type compared to SNAP-25± heterozygous mice, was analyzed as well by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in a subgroup of severe sarcopenic patients undergoing rehabilitation. RESULTS The SNAP-25 rs363050 AA genotype was significantly more common in sarcopenic patients compared to HC (pc = 0.01); miR-451a was significantly up-regulated in these patients before rehabilitation. Rehabilitation modified miRNAs expression, as miR-155-5p, miR-421-3p, miR-451a, miR-425-5p, miR-744-5p and miR-93-5p expression was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.01), whereas that of miR-495-3p was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.001) by rehabilitation. Notably, rehabilitation-associated improvement of the muscle-skeletal SPPB score was significantly associated with the reduction of miR-451a expression. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis of a role for SNAP-25 in sarcopenia and suggest SNAP-25-associated miRNAs as circulatory biomarkers of rehabilitative outcome for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Agostini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Mancuso
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Saul Costa
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Trecate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Miglioli
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - the SA. M. B. A. project
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100 Milan, Italy
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Ferrante D, Sterlini B, Prestigio C, Marte A, Corradi A, Onofri F, Tortarolo G, Vicidomini G, Petretto A, Muià J, Thalhammer A, Valente P, Cingolani LA, Benfenati F, Baldelli P. PRRT2 modulates presynaptic Ca 2+ influx by interacting with P/Q-type channels. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109248. [PMID: 34133925 PMCID: PMC8220258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in proline-rich transmembrane protein-2 (PRRT2) cause paroxysmal disorders associated with defective Ca2+ dependence of glutamatergic transmission. We find that either acute or constitutive PRRT2 deletion induces a significant decrease in the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) that is insensitive to extracellular Ca2+ and associated with a reduced contribution of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels to the EPSC amplitude. This synaptic phenotype parallels a decrease in somatic P/Q-type Ca2+ currents due to a decreased membrane targeting of the channel with unchanged total expression levels. Co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down assays, and proteomics reveal a specific and direct interaction of PRRT2 with P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. At presynaptic terminals lacking PRRT2, P/Q-type Ca2+ channels reduce their clustering at the active zone, with a corresponding decrease in the P/Q-dependent presynaptic Ca2+ signal. The data highlight the central role of PRRT2 in ensuring the physiological Ca2+ sensitivity of the release machinery at glutamatergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ferrante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Sterlini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cosimo Prestigio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Marte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Onofri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tortarolo
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83B, 16152, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vicidomini
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen, 83B, 16152, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Jessica Muià
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Agnes Thalhammer
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Valente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Cingolani
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Pietro Baldelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Simon F, Fischer M, Coogan A, Tucha O, Thome J, Faltraco F. Evolutionary conservations, changes of circadian rhythms and their effect on circadian disturbances and therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:21-34. [PMID: 34102148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is essential for the interaction of all living organisms with their environments. Several processes, such as thermoregulation, metabolism, cognition and memory, are regulated by the internal clock. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been shown to lead to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interestingly, the mechanism of the circadian rhythms has been conserved in many different species, and misalignment between circadian rhythms and the environment results in evolutionary regression and lifespan reduction. This review summarises the conserved mechanism of the internal clock and its major interspecies differences. In addition, it focuses on effects the circadian rhythm disturbances, especially in cases of ADHD, and describes the possibility of recombinant proteins generated by eukaryotic expression systems as therapeutic agents as well as CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a potential tool for research and therapy. The aim is to give an overview about the evolutionary conserved mechanism as well as the changes of the circadian clock. Furthermore, current knowledge about circadian rhythm disturbances and therapeutic approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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Wang Z, Li J, Zhang T, Lu T, Wang H, Jia M, Liu J, Xiong J, Zhang D, Wang L. Family-based association study identifies SNAP25 as a susceptibility gene for autism in the Han Chinese population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:109985. [PMID: 32479779 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability. Synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP25) encodes a presynaptic membrane-binding protein. It plays a crucial role in neurotransmission and may be involved in the pathogenesis of autism. However, the association between SNAP25 and autism in the Han Chinese population remains unclear. To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SNAP25 contribute to the risk of autism, we performed a family-based association study of 14 tagSNPs in SNAP25 in 640 Han Chinese autism trios. Our results demonstrated that rs363018 in SNAP25 was significantly associated with autism under both additive (A > G, Z = 3.144, P = .0017) and recessive models (A > G, Z = 3.055, P = .0023) after Bonferroni correction (P < .0036). An additional SNP, rs8636, was nominally associated with autism under the recessive model (C > T, Z = 1.972, P = .0487). Haplotype-based association test revealed that haplotypes A-T (Z = 2.038, P = .0415) and G-T (Z = -3.114, P = .0018) of rs363018-rs362582 were significantly associated with autism after the permutation test (P = .0158). These findings suggest that SNAP25 may represent a susceptibility gene for autism in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meixiang Jia
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jun Xiong
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.
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18
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Chen F, Chen H, Chen Y, Wei W, Sun Y, Zhang L, Cui L, Wang Y. Dysfunction of the SNARE complex in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105469. [PMID: 33524541 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The communication between neurons constitutes the basis of all neural activities, and synaptic vesicle exocytosis is the fundamental biological event that mediates most communication between neurons in the central nervous system. The SNARE complex is the core component of the protein machinery that facilitates the fusion of synaptic vesicles with presynaptic terminals and thereby the release of neurotransmitters. In synapses, each release event is dependent on the assembly of the SNARE complex. In recent years, basic research on the SNARE complex has provided a clearer understanding of the mechanism underlying the formation of the SNARE complex and its role in vesicle formation. Emerging evidence indicates that abnormal expression or dysfunction of the SNARE complex in synapse physiology might contribute to abnormal neurotransmission and ultimately to synaptic dysfunction. Clinical research using postmortem tissues suggests that SNARE complex dysfunction is correlated with various neurological diseases, and some basic research has also confirmed the important role of the SNARE complex in the pathology of these diseases. Genetic and pharmacogenetic studies suggest that the SNARE complex and individual proteins might represent important molecular targets in neurological disease. In this review, we summarize the recent progress toward understanding the SNARE complex in regulating membrane fusion events and provide an update of the recent discoveries from clinical and basic research on the SNARE complex in neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huiyi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuanhong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, China.
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19
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Hayashi H, Horinokita I, Yamada Y, Hamada K, Takagi N, Nomizu M. Effects of laminin-111 peptide coatings on rat neural stem/progenitor cell culture. Exp Cell Res 2020; 400:112440. [PMID: 33359470 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurons require adhesive scaffolds for their growth and differentiation. Laminins are a major cell adhesive component of basement membranes and have various biological activities in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Here, we evaluated the biological activities of 5 peptides derived from laminin-111 as a scaffold for mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells and rat neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs). The 5 peptides showed Neuro2a cell attachment activity similar to that of poly-d-lysine. However, when NPCs were cultured on the peptides, 2 syndecan-binding peptides, AG73 (RKRLQVQLSIRT, mouse laminin α1 chain 2719-2730) and C16 (KAFDITYVRLKF, laminin γ1 chain 139-150), demonstrated significantly higher cell attachment and neurite extension activities than other peptides including integrin-binding ones. Long-term cell culture experiments showed that both AG73 and C16 supported the growth of neurons and astrocytes that had differentiated from NPCs. Furthermore, C16 markedly promoted the expression of neuronal markers such as synaptosomal-associated protein-25 and syntaxin 1A. These results indicate that AG73 and C16 are useful for NPC cultures and that C16 can be applied to specialized research on synapses in differentiated neurons. These peptides have the potential for use as valuable biomaterials for NPC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Horinokita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
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20
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Tang BL. SNAREs and developmental disorders. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2482-2504. [PMID: 32959907 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediate membrane fusion processes associated with vesicular trafficking and autophagy. SNAREs mediate core membrane fusion processes essential for all cells, but some SNAREs serve cell/tissue type-specific exocytic/endocytic functions, and are therefore critical for various aspects of embryonic development. Mutations or variants of their encoding genes could give rise to developmental disorders, such as those affecting the nervous system and immune system in humans. Mutations to components in the canonical synaptic vesicle fusion SNARE complex (VAMP2, STX1A/B, and SNAP25) and a key regulator of SNARE complex formation MUNC18-1, produce variant phenotypes of autism, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and epilepsy. STX11 and MUNC18-2 mutations underlie 2 subtypes of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. STX3 mutations contribute to variant microvillus inclusion disease. Chromosomal microdeletions involving STX16 play a role in pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB associated with abnormal imprinting of the GNAS complex locus. In this short review, I discuss these and other SNARE gene mutations and variants that are known to be associated with a variety developmental disorders, with a focus on their underlying cellular and molecular pathological basis deciphered through disease modeling. Possible pathogenic potentials of other SNAREs whose variants could be disease predisposing are also speculated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Yang K, Jiang X, Cheng S, Bai L, Xia Y, Chen C, Meng P, Wang J, Li C, Tang Q, Cao X, Tu B. Synaptic dopamine release is positively regulated by SNAP-25 that involves in benzo[a]pyrene-induced neurotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124378. [PMID: 31376700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a ubiquitous neurotoxic pollutant that widely distributes in the natural environment. However, the exact mechanism of B[a]P-induced neurotoxicity has not been well established. As one key synaptic protein, SNAP-25 plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release, including synaptic dopamine release. In this study, we demonstrated that, after intragastric administration of B[a]P in rats aged postnatal day 5 for 7 weeks, B[a]P significantly increased the level of dopamine and the expression of SNAP-25, dopamine receptor 1 (DRD1) and DRD 3. Moreover, treatment of B[a]P also caused the ultra-structural pathological changes in the cerebral cortex of rats. To further reveal the potential role of SNAP-25 in the regulation of DRDs, we treated the dopaminergic PC-12 cells with 20 μM B[a]P for 24 h. A significant cytotoxicity and apoptosis were observed, and more importantly, we found that SNAP-25, DRD 1 and DRD 3 co-localized in the cells, and down-regulation of SNAP-25 by CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid remarkably reduced the expression of DRD1 and DRD3. Together, our findings suggest that, synaptic dopamine release may be positively regulated by SNAP-25 via its receptors, and thus affecting the neurotoxicity induced by B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Emergency and Business Management Office, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - LuLu Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianghu Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqing Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baijie Tu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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SNAP-25 Puts SNAREs at Center Stage in Metabolic Disease. Neuroscience 2019; 420:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Costa AS, Guerini FR, Arosio B, Galimberti D, Zanzottera M, Bianchi A, Nemni R, Clerici M. SNARE Complex Polymorphisms Associate with Alterations of Visual Selective Attention in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 69:179-188. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatrice Arosio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Geriatric Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Anna Bianchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaello Nemni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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SNAP-25 in Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Review. Neuroscience 2019; 420:79-85. [PMID: 30790667 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synaptosomal Associated Protein-25 kilodaltons (SNAP-25) is an integral member of the SNARE complex. This complex is essential for calcium-triggered synaptic vesicular fusion and release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. In addition to neurotransmission, SNAP-25 is associated with insulin release, the regulation of intracellular calcium, and neuroplasticity. Because of SNAP-25's varied and crucial biological roles, the consequences of changes in this protein can be seen in both the central nervous system and the periphery. In this review, we will look at the published literature from human genetic, postmortem, and animal studies involving SNAP-25. The accumulated data indicate that SNAP-25 may be linked with some symptoms associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. These disorders include bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, alcohol use disorder, and dementia. There are also data suggesting SNAP-25 may be involved with non-psychiatric seizures and metabolic disorders. We believe investigation of SNAP-25 is important for understanding both normal behavior and some aspects of the pathophysiology of behavior seen with psychiatric disorders. The wealth of information from both animal and human studies on SNAP-25 offers an excellent opportunity to use a bi-directional research approach. Hypotheses generated from genetically manipulated mice can be directly tested in human postmortem tissue, and, conversely, human genetic and postmortem findings can improve and validate animal models for psychiatric disorders.
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Yalın OÖ, Gökdoğan Edgünlü T, Karakaş Çelik S, Emre U, Güneş T, Erdal Y, Eroğlu Ünal A. Novel SNARE Complex Polymorphisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: Signs of Synaptopathy in Multiple Sclerosis. Balkan Med J 2018; 36:174-178. [PMID: 30582321 PMCID: PMC6528533 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2018.2017.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well known that axonal degeneration plays a role in disability in patients with multiple sclerosis, and synaptopathy has recently become an important issue. Aims: To investigate the possible roles of selected synaptic and presynaptic membrane protein genetic polymorphisms (VAMP2, SNAP-25, synaptotagmin, and syntaxin 1A) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Study Design: Case-control study. Methods: A total of 123 patients with multiple sclerosis and 192 healthy controls were included. The functional polymorphisms of specific SNARE complex proteins (VAMP2, synaptotagmin XI, syntaxin 1A, and SNAP-25) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Significant differences were detected in the genotype and allele distribution of 26-bp Ins/Del polymorphisms of VAMP2 between patients with multiple sclerosis and control subjects; Del/Del genotype and Del allele of VAMP2 were more frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis (p=0.011 and p=0.004, respectively). Similarly, Ddel polymorphism of SNAP-25 gene C/C genotype (p=0.059), syntaxin 1A T/C and C/C genotypes (p=0.005), and synaptotagmin XI gene C allele (p=0.001) were observed more frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis. CC, syntaxin rs1569061 1A gene for 33-bp promoter region TC haplotypes, and synaptotagmin XI gene were found to be associated with an increased risk for multiple sclerosis (p=0.012). Similarly, GC haplotype for rs3746544 of SNAP-25 gene and rs1051312 of SNAP-25 gene were associated with an increased risk for multiple sclerosis (p=0.022). Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms of SNARE complex proteins, which have critical roles in synaptic structure and communication, may play a role in the development of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Özgür Yalın
- Clinic of Neurology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Gökdoğan Edgünlü
- Department of Medical Biology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University School of Medicine, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Sevim Karakaş Çelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Faculty of Science, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Emre
- Clinic of Neurology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Taşkın Güneş
- Clinic of Neurology, İstanbul Bahçelievler State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Erdal
- Clinic of Neurology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Eroğlu Ünal
- Department of Neurology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Karmakar S, Sharma LG, Roy A, Patel A, Pandey LM. Neuronal SNARE complex: A protein folding system with intricate protein-protein interactions, and its common neuropathological hallmark, SNAP25. Neurochem Int 2018; 122:196-207. [PMID: 30517887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SNARE (Soluble NSF(N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) Attachment Receptor) complex is a trimeric supramolecular organization of SNAP25, syntaxin, and VAMP which mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. The functioning of this entire protein assembly is dependent on its tetrahelical coiled coil structure alongside its interaction with a large spectrum of regulatory proteins like synaptotagmin, complexin, intersectin, etc. Defects arising in SNARE complex assembly due to mutations or faulty post-translational modifications are associated to severe synaptopathies like Schizophrenia and also proteopathies like Alzheimer's disease. The review primarily focuses on SNAP25, which is the prime contributor in the complex assembly. It is conceptualized that the network of protein interactions of this helical protein assists as a chaperoning system for attaining functional structure. Additionally, the innate disordered nature of SNAP25 and its amyloidogenic propensities have been highlighted employing computational methods. The intrinsic nature of SNAP25 is anticipated to form higher-order aggregates due to its cysteine rich domain, which is also a target for several post-translational modifications. Furthermore, the aberrations in the structure and expression profile of the protein display common patterns in the pathogenesis of a diverse synaptopathies and proteopathies. This work of SNARE literature aims to provide a new comprehensive outlook and research directions towards SNARE complex and presents SNAP25 as a common neuropathological hallmark which can be a diagnostic or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijeeb Karmakar
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Laipubam Gayatri Sharma
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Anjali Patel
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Lalit Mohan Pandey
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Pozzi D, Corradini I, Matteoli M. The Control of Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis by SNAP-25 and its Impact on Neurotransmitter Release. Neuroscience 2018; 420:72-78. [PMID: 30476527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The process of neurotransmitter release is central to the control of cell-to-cell communication in brain. SNAP-25 is a component of the SNARE complex, which, together with syntaxin-1 and synaptobrevin, mediates synaptic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. The genetic ablation of the protein or its proteolytic cleavage by botulinum neurotoxins results in a complete block of synaptic transmission. In the last years, several evidences have indicated that SNAP-25 also plays additional modulatory roles in neurotransmission through the control of voltage-gated calcium channels and presynaptic calcium ion concentration. Consistently, reduced levels of the protein affect presynaptic calcium homeostasis and result in pathologically enhanced glutamate exocytosis. The SNAP-25-dependent alterations of synaptic calcium dynamics may have direct impact on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders where the Snap-25 gene has been found to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pozzi
- Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Irene Corradini
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
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The impact of SNAP25 on brain functional connectivity density and working memory in ADHD. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:35-40. [PMID: 30092259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopment disorder. The deficit in working memory is a central cognitive impairment in ADHD. The SNAP-25 is a neurotransmitter vesicular docking protein whose MnlI polymorphism (rs3746544) is located in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) and known to be linked to ADHD, but the underlying mechanism of this polymorphism remains unclear. Using a functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping method based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a sample of male children diagnosed with ADHD, we first investigated the correlation between SNAP-25 rs3746544 and FCD hubs. Compared with rs3746544 G-allele carriers, TT homozygous, which confers a high risk for ADHD, exhibited significantly decreased local and long-range FCD in anterior cingulate cortex, and decreased local FCD in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, both higher local and long-range FCD could predict better WM capacity. The current findings provide new insights into the underlying neural mechanisms linking SNAP-25 rs3746544 with the risk for ADHD via the endophenotype of brain functional connectivity.
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Batista AFR, Martínez JC, Hengst U. Intra-axonal Synthesis of SNAP25 Is Required for the Formation of Presynaptic Terminals. Cell Rep 2018; 20:3085-3098. [PMID: 28954226 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized protein synthesis is a mechanism for developing axons to react acutely and in a spatially restricted manner to extracellular signals. As such, it is important for many aspects of axonal development, but its role in the formation of presynapses remains poorly understood. We found that the induced assembly of presynaptic terminals required local protein synthesis. Newly synthesized proteins were detectable at nascent presynapses within 15 min of inducing synapse formation in isolated axons. The transcript for the t-SNARE protein SNAP25, which is required for the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, was recruited to presynaptic sites and locally translated. Inhibition of intra-axonal SNAP25 synthesis affected the clustering of SNAP25 and other presynaptic proteins and interfered with the release of synaptic vesicles from presynaptic sites. This study reveals a critical role for the axonal synthesis of SNAP25 in the assembly of presynaptic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F R Batista
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - José C Martínez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ulrich Hengst
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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A Multilevel Functional Study of a SNAP25 At-Risk Variant for Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10389-10397. [PMID: 28972123 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1040-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 is a key player in synaptic vesicle docking and fusion and has been associated with multiple psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We recently identified a promoter variant in SNAP25, rs6039769, that is associated with early-onset bipolar disorder and a higher gene expression level in human prefrontal cortex. In the current study, we showed that this variant was associated both in males and females with schizophrenia in two independent cohorts. We then combined in vitro and in vivo approaches in humans to understand the functional impact of the at-risk allele. Thus, we showed in vitro that the rs6039769 C allele was sufficient to increase the SNAP25 transcription level. In a postmortem expression analysis of 33 individuals affected with schizophrenia and 30 unaffected control subjects, we showed that the SNAP25b/SNAP25a ratio was increased in schizophrenic patients carrying the rs6039769 at-risk allele. Last, using genetics imaging in a cohort of 71 subjects, we showed that male risk carriers had an increased amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity and a larger amygdala than non-risk carriers. The latter association has been replicated in an independent cohort of 121 independent subjects. Altogether, results from these multilevel functional studies are bringing strong evidence for the functional consequences of this allelic variation of SNAP25 on modulating the development and plasticity of the prefrontal-limbic network, which therefore may increase the vulnerability to both early-onset bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Functional characterization of disease-associated variants is a key challenge in understanding neuropsychiatric disorders and will open an avenue in the development of personalized treatments. Recent studies have accumulated evidence that the SNARE complex, and more specifically the SNAP25 protein, may be involved in psychiatric disorders. Here, our multilevel functional studies are bringing strong evidence for the functional consequences of an allelic variation of SNAP25 on modulating the development and plasticity of the prefrontal-limbic network. These results demonstrate a common genetically driven functional alteration of a synaptic mechanism both in schizophrenia and early-onset bipolar disorder and confirm the shared genetic vulnerability between these two disorders.
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Kim E, Song DH, Kim NW, Sohn IJ, Cheon KA. The Relationship between the SNAP-25 Polymorphism and Omission Errors in Korean Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:222-228. [PMID: 28783930 PMCID: PMC5565073 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.3.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP-25) genotype and performance on the continuous performance test (CPT) in Korean children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Eighty-seven children with ADHD (mean age, 9.23±1.99 years) participated in this study. Omission errors, commission errors, reaction time, and reaction time variability on the CPT were analyzed. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3746544 (1065 T>G) of SNAP-25 was genotyped to examine the association with CPT performance. Results We found significantly more omission errors on the CPT among children with the TT genotype of SNAP-25 (t=2.56, p=0.012) after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusion Our results suggest the possible involvement of the SNAP-25 1065 T>G polymorphism in the inattention phenotype in children with ADHD. Further studies with more refined neuropsychological measures and much larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Song
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Wook Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Jung Sohn
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Ah Cheon
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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de la Peña JB, Dela Peña IJ, Custodio RJ, Botanas CJ, Kim HJ, Cheong JH. Exploring the Validity of Proposed Transgenic Animal Models of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3739-3754. [PMID: 28534274 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, behavioral, and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Symptoms of this disorder are managed by treatment with methylphenidate, amphetamine, and/or atomoxetine. The cause of ADHD is unknown, but substantial evidence indicates that this disorder has a significant genetic component. Transgenic animals have become an essential tool in uncovering the genetic factors underlying ADHD. Although they cannot accurately reflect the human condition, they can provide insights into the disorder that cannot be obtained from human studies due to various limitations. An ideal animal model of ADHD must have face (similarity in symptoms), predictive (similarity in response to treatment or medications), and construct (similarity in etiology or underlying pathophysiological mechanism) validity. As the exact etiology of ADHD remains unclear, the construct validity of animal models of ADHD would always be limited. The proposed transgenic animal models of ADHD have substantially increased and diversified over the years. In this paper, we compiled and explored the validity of proposed transgenic animal models of ADHD. Each of the reviewed transgenic animal models has strengths and limitations. Some fulfill most of the validity criteria of an animal model of ADHD and have been extensively used, while there are others that require further validation. Nevertheless, these transgenic animal models of ADHD have provided and will continue to provide valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Bryan de la Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Irene Joy Dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Custodio
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
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Emerging Synaptic Molecules as Candidates in the Etiology of Neurological Disorders. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:8081758. [PMID: 28331639 PMCID: PMC5346360 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are complex structures that allow communication between neurons in the central nervous system. Studies conducted in vertebrate and invertebrate models have contributed to the knowledge of the function of synaptic proteins. The functional synapse requires numerous protein complexes with specialized functions that are regulated in space and time to allow synaptic plasticity. However, their interplay during neuronal development, learning, and memory is poorly understood. Accumulating evidence links synapse proteins to neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the way in which several proteins that participate in cell adhesion, scaffolding, exocytosis, and neurotransmitter reception from presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, mainly from excitatory synapses, have been associated with several synaptopathies, and we relate their functions to the disease phenotype.
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Noor A, Zahid S. A review of the role of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) in neurological disorders. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:805-811. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1248240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneeqa Noor
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ye C, Hu Z, Wu E, Yang X, Buford UJ, Guo Z, Saveanu RV. Two SNAP-25 genetic variants in the binding site of multiple microRNAs and susceptibility of ADHD: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 81:56-62. [PMID: 27380186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the associations between two most widely investigated polymorphisms (rs3746544 and rs1051312) in the 3'UTR of the SNAP-25 gene and susceptibility of ADHD. Two investigators selected related studies and assessed methodological quality independently. Six studies were included in this meta-analysis for a total of 715 cases and 655 controls. There is no apparent association between rs3746544 polymorphisms and risk of ADHD. However, subgroup analysis based on ethnicity demonstrated a strong association between rs3746544 polymorphism and ADHD in the subset of Asian participants, but not among Caucasians. Compared to the T allele, the allele G was associated with a significantly decreased risk of developing ADHD in the Asian population (odds ratio (OR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.52-0.95, p = 0.02). The association between the TT genotype and ADHD risk was also significantly increased as compared to G/T (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.00-2.44, p = 0.05) and the dominant genetic model (GG + GT vs. TT: OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07-2.13, p = 0.02). For the rs1051312 SNP, being homozygous for the minor allele (C/C) was associated with a 3.66 higher odds of ADHD as compared to cases homozygous for the major allele (T/T) (95% CI = 1.64-8.13, p = 0.001), and 3.57 higher odds as compared to heterozygous (C/T) carriers (95% CI = 2.01-12.90, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the polymorphisms rs3746544 and rs1051312 may increase the odds of developing ADHD. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhong Ye
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States.
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road University Town, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Evan Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road University Town, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ushimbra J Buford
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
| | - Radu V Saveanu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
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Zarrabi Alhosseini M, Jamshidi J, Zare Bidoki A, Ganji S, Eslami Amirabadi MR, Emamalizadeh B, Taghavi S, Shokraeian P, Mohajerani F, Darvish H. SNAP-25gene variations and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Iranian population. Neurol Res 2016; 38:959-964. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1232548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Vester A, Caudle WM. The Synapse as a Central Target for Neurodevelopmental Susceptibility to Pesticides. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4030018. [PMID: 29051423 PMCID: PMC5606656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The developmental period of the nervous system is carefully orchestrated and highly vulnerable to alterations. One crucial factor of a properly-functioning nervous system is the synapse, as synaptic signaling is critical for the formation and maturation of neural circuits. Studies show that genetic and environmental impacts can affect diverse components of synaptic function. Importantly, synaptic dysfunction is known to be associated with neurologic and psychiatric disorders, as well as more subtle cognitive, psychomotor, and sensory defects. Given the importance of the synapse in numerous domains, we wanted to delineate the effects of pesticide exposure on synaptic function. In this review, we summarize current epidemiologic and molecular studies that demonstrate organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid pesticide exposures target the developing synapse. We postulate that the synapse plays a central role in synaptic vulnerability to pesticide exposure during neurodevelopment, and the synapse is a worthy candidate for investigating more subtle effects of chronic pesticide exposure in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Vester
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Valladolid-Acebes I, Daraio T, Brismar K, Hökfelt T, Bark C. Minor differences in the molecular machinery mediating regulated membrane fusion has major impact on metabolic health. Adipocyte 2016; 5:318-25. [PMID: 27617177 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1137689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exocytosis of signaling molecules from neuronal, neuroendocrine and endocrine cells is regulated by membrane fusion involving SNAP-25 and associated SNARE proteins. The importance of this process for metabolic control recently became evident by studies of mouse mutants genetically engineered to only express one of 2 closely related, alternatively-spliced variants of SNAP-25. The results showed that even minor differences in the function of proteins regulating exocytosis are sufficient to provoke metabolic disease, including hyperglycaemia, liver steatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy and obesity. Thus, an imbalance in the dynamics of hormonal and/or neurotransmitter release can cause obesity and type 2 diabetes. This recent discovery highlights the fact that metabolic health requires a perfectly operating interplay between the SNARE protein machinery in excitable cells and the organs responding to these messengers.
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Methylphenidate Causes Behavioral Impairments and Neuron and Astrocyte Loss in the Hippocampus of Juvenile Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4201-4216. [PMID: 27324900 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the use, and misuse, of methylphenidate is increasing in childhood and adolescence, there is little information about the consequences of this psychostimulant chronic use on brain and behavior during development. The aim of the present study was to investigate hippocampus biochemical, histochemical, and behavioral effects of chronic methylphenidate treatment to juvenile rats. Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of methylphenidate (2.0 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of 0.9 % saline solution (controls), once a day, from the 15th to the 45th day of age. Results showed that chronic methylphenidate administration caused loss of astrocytes and neurons in the hippocampus of juvenile rats. BDNF and pTrkB immunocontents and NGF levels were decreased, while TNF-α and IL-6 levels, Iba-1 and caspase 3 cleaved immunocontents (microglia marker and active apoptosis marker, respectively) were increased. ERK and PKCaMII signaling pathways, but not Akt and GSK-3β, were decreased. SNAP-25 was decreased after methylphenidate treatment, while GAP-43 and synaptophysin were not altered. Both exploratory activity and object recognition memory were impaired by methylphenidate. These findings provide additional evidence that early-life exposure to methylphenidate can have complex effects, as well as provide new basis for understanding of the biochemical and behavioral consequences associated with chronic use of methylphenidate during central nervous system development.
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Antonucci F, Corradini I, Fossati G, Tomasoni R, Menna E, Matteoli M. SNAP-25, a Known Presynaptic Protein with Emerging Postsynaptic Functions. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:7. [PMID: 27047369 PMCID: PMC4805587 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of synaptic specializations is their dependence on highly organized complexes of proteins that interact with each other. The loss or modification of key synaptic proteins directly affects the properties of such networks, ultimately impacting synaptic function. SNAP-25 is a component of the SNARE complex, which is central to synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and, by directly interacting with different calcium channels subunits, it negatively modulates neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels, thus regulating intracellular calcium dynamics. The SNAP-25 gene has been associated with distinct brain diseases, including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, indicating that the protein may act as a shared biological substrate among different "synaptopathies". The mechanisms by which alterations in SNAP-25 may concur to these psychiatric diseases are still undefined, although alterations in neurotransmitter release have been indicated as potential causative processes. This review summarizes recent work showing that SNAP-25 not only controls exo/endocytic processes at the presynaptic terminal, but also regulates postsynaptic receptor trafficking, spine morphogenesis, and plasticity, thus opening the possibility that SNAP-25 defects may contribute to psychiatric diseases by impacting not only presynaptic but also postsynaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Corradini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy; Istituto di Neuroscienze, Centro Nazionale RicercheMilan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fossati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano Rozzano, Italy
| | - Romana Tomasoni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Centro Nazionale RicercheMilan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS RozzanoRozzano, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Centro Nazionale RicercheMilan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS RozzanoRozzano, Italy
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Liu YS, Dai X, Wu W, Yuan FF, Gu X, Chen JG, Zhu LQ, Wu J. The Association of SNAP25 Gene Polymorphisms in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2189-2200. [PMID: 26941099 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most highly heritable psychiatric disorders in childhood. The risk gene mutation accounts for about 60 to 90 % cases. Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is a presynaptic plasma membrane protein which is expressed highly and specifically in the neuronal cells. A number of evidences have suggested the role of SNAP-25 in the etiology of ADHD. Notably, the animal model of coloboma mouse mutant bears a ∼2-cM deletion encompassing genes including SNAP25 and displays spontaneous hyperkinetic behavior. Previous investigators have reported association between SNPs in SNAP25 and ADHD, and controversial results were observed. In this study, we analyzed the possible association between six polymorphisms (rs3746544, rs363006, rs1051312, rs8636, rs362549, and rs362998) of SNAP25 and ADHD in a pooled sample of ten family-based studies and four case-control studies by using meta-analysis. The combined analysis results were significant only for rs3746544 (P = 0.010) with mild association (odds ratio (OR) = 1.14). And, the meta-analysis data for rs8636, rs362549, and rs362998 are the first time to be reported; however, no positive association was detected. In conclusion, we report some evidence supporting the association of SNAP25 to ADHD. Future research should emphasize genome-wide association studies in more specific subgroups and larger independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Thompson PM, Cruz DA, Fucich EA, Olukotun DY, Takahashi M, Itakura M. SNAP-25a/b Isoform Levels in Human Brain Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:220-34. [PMID: 27606314 DOI: 10.1159/000441224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SNAP-25 is a neurotransmitter vesicular docking protein which has been associated with brain disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. In this project, we were interested if clinical factors are associated with differential SNAP-25 expression. We examined the SNAP-25 isoform mRNA and protein levels in postmortem cortex Brodmann's area 9 (BA9) and BA24 (n = 29). Subjects were divided by psychiatric diagnosis, clinical variables including mood state in the last week of life and lifetime impulsiveness. We found affected subjects with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) had a lower level of SNAP-25b BA24 protein compared to those without AUD. Hispanic subjects had lower levels of SNAP-25a, b and BA9 mRNA than Anglo-American subjects. Subjects who smoked had a total pan (total) SNAP-25 BA9/BA24 ratio. Subjects in the group with a low level of anxious-psychotic symptoms had higher SNAP-25a BA24 mRNA compared to normal controls, and both the high and low symptoms groups had higher pan (total) SNAP-25 BA9/BA24 ratios than normal controls. These data expand our understanding of clinical factors associated with SNAP-25. They suggest that SNAP-25 total and isoform levels may be useful biomarkers beyond limited neurological and psychiatric diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianne A Cruz
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex., USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fucich
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex., USA
| | - Dianna Y Olukotun
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex., USA
| | - Masami Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Braida D, Ponzoni L, Matteoli M, Sala M M. Different attentional abilities among inbred mice strains using virtual object recognition task (VORT): SNAP25⁺/⁻ mice as a model of attentional deficit. Behav Brain Res 2015; 296:393-400. [PMID: 26300453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are characterized by attentional deficits. In the present study we first applied the virtual object recognition test (VORT), where 3D objects were replaced with highly discriminated geometrical shapes and presented on two 3.5-inch widescreen displays, in different inbred mice strains (C57BL/6N, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ), in comparison with the standard object recognition test (NOR). In both NOR and VORT, there was a progressive decay of performance in terms of reduced discrimination index from 5 min to 72 h of inter-trial delay in all strains. However, BALB/cJ inbred mice showed a better long lasting performance than C57BL/6N and DBA/2J, when tested in NOR. In VORT, BALB/cJ showed the best performance. Total exploration time was always higher in BALB/cJ than C57BL/6N and DBA/2J mice. C57BL/6N were less explorative strain than DBA/2J and BALB/cJ mice. When VORT was applied to SNAP-25(+/-) mice, an impairment in both NOR and VORT was shown. However, when moving shapes were applied, these heterozygous mice improved their performance, suggesting that the introduction of motion is a strong cue that makes the task more valuable to study attention deficits. Taken together, these data indicate that VORT provides a useful and rapid tool to identify the attentional deficit in different inbred strains and genetically modified mice, enhancing the value of psychiatric mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braida
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; Fondazione Don Gnocchi IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariaelvina Sala M
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; CNR-Neuroscience Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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Association of SNAP-25, SLC6A2, and LPHN3 with OROS methylphenidate treatment response in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Neuropharmacol 2015; 37:136-41. [PMID: 25229170 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to identify the association of norepinephrine transporter gene (SLC6A2), synaptosomal-associated protein of the 25-kDa gene (SNAP-25), and latrophilin 3 gene (LPHN3) with osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate (OROS MPH) treatment response. METHODS One hundred thirty-nine children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recruited. We selected rs192303, rs3785143 in SLC6A2; rs3746544 (1065 T>G) in SNAP-25; and rs6551665, rs1947274, and rs2345039 in LPHN3 to examine the association of OROS MPH treatment response with each single nucleotide polymorphism. We first defined good response group when the Korean version of the ADHD rating scale score at 8 weeks was decreased for more than 50% of baseline scores and compared genotype frequencies in good response group with poor group. Second, we defined it when the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score at 8 weeks was 1 or 2, and we also analyzed the genotype frequencies. RESULTS There was a significant association between the 1065 T>G of SNAP-25 gene and OROS MPH response, with the good response group defined by the Korean version of ADHD rating scale scores; 33.3% of the subjects with GG genotype showed a good response, whereas 74.7% of those with TT genotype and 72.5% of those with TG genotype showed good responses (P=0.034). SLC6A2 rs192303 was related with OROS MPH treatment response when we defined good treatment response by Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that SNAP-25 gene and SLC6A2 were involved with OROS MPH response.
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Cheng J, Xiong Z, Duffney LJ, Wei J, Liu A, Liu S, Chen GJ, Yan Z. Methylphenidate exerts dose-dependent effects on glutamate receptors and behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:953-62. [PMID: 24832867 PMCID: PMC4194277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychostimulant drug used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, produces the effects of increasing alertness and improving attention. However, misuse of MPH has been associated with an increased risk of aggression and psychosis. We sought to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the complex actions of MPH. METHODS Adolescent (4-week-old) rats were given one injection of MPH at different doses. The impact of MPH on glutamatergic signaling in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex was measured. Behavioral changes induced by MPH were also examined in parallel. RESULTS Administration of low-dose (.5 mg/kg) MPH selectively potentiated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) via adrenergic receptor activation, whereas high-dose (10 mg/kg) MPH suppressed both NMDAR-mediated and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor-mediated EPSCs. The dual effects of MPH on EPSCs were associated with bidirectional changes in the surface level of glutamate receptor subunits. Behavioral tests also indicated that low-dose MPH facilitated prefrontal cortex-mediated temporal order recognition memory and attention. Animals injected with high-dose MPH exhibited significantly elevated locomotive activity. Inhibiting the function of synaptosomal-associated protein 25, a key SNARE protein involved in NMDAR exocytosis, blocked the increase of NMDAR-mediated EPSCs by low-dose MPH. In animals exposed to repeated stress, administration of low-dose MPH effectively restored NMDAR function and temporal order recognition memory via a mechanism dependent on synaptosomal-associated protein 25. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a potential mechanism underlying the cognitive-enhancing effects of low-dose MPH as well as the psychosis-inducing effects of high-dose MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lara J. Duffney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sihang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Herken H, Erdal ME, Kenar ANİ, Ünal GA, Çakaloz B, Ay ME, Yücel E, Edgünlü T, Şengül C. Association of SNAP-25 Gene Ddel and Mnll Polymorphisms with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:476-80. [PMID: 25395980 PMCID: PMC4225213 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.4.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) gene is a presynaptic plasma membrane protein and an integral component of the vesicle docking and fusion machinery mediating secretion of neurotransmitters. Previously, several studies reported association between SNAP-25 and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether these SNAP-25 polymorphisms (MnlI T/G and DdelI T/C) were also associated with ADHD in the Turkish population. METHODS Our study comprised unrelated 139 subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and 73 controls and all were of Turkish origin. Genetic analyses were performed and patients were evaluated with Wender-Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale. RESULTS SNAP-25 DdelI polymorphism was not associated with ADHD but there was a statistically significant difference between ADHD patients and controls for SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism. For SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism patients with G/G genotype of the SNAP-25 gene MnlI polymorphism had higher Wender-Utah scores and higher scores in the 1st and 3rd parts of adult ADD/ADHD Scale. CONCLUSION We detected a significant association of the MnlI polymorphism in our ADHD sample which was similar to previous findings. Our study also revealed that SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism was also associated with symptom severity of ADHD. This study is also, the first report on the association of SNAP-25 with ADHD in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Herken
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur İnci Kenar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gonca Ayşe Ünal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çakaloz
- Department of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ertan Ay
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erinç Yücel
- Department of Psychiatry, Servergazi State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tuba Edgünlü
- School of Health, Muğla University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Cem Şengül
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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47
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Li Z, Chang SH, Zhang LY, Gao L, Wang J. Molecular genetic studies of ADHD and its candidate genes: a review. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:10-24. [PMID: 24863865 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset psychiatric disorder with high heritability. In recent years, numerous molecular genetic studies have been published to investigate susceptibility loci for ADHD. These results brought valuable candidates for further research, but they also presented great challenge for profound understanding of genetic data and general patterns of current molecular genetic studies of ADHD since they are scattered and heterogeneous. In this review, we presented a retrospective review of more than 300 molecular genetic studies for ADHD from two aspects: (1) the main achievements of various studies were summarized, including linkage studies, candidate-gene association studies, genome-wide association studies and genome-wide copy number variation studies, with a special focus on general patterns of study design and common sample features; (2) candidate genes for ADHD have been systematically evaluated in three ways for better utilization. The thorough summary of the achievements from various studies will provide an overview of the research status of molecular genetics studies for ADHD. Meanwhile, the analysis of general patterns and sample characteristics on the basis of these studies, as well as the integrative review of candidate ADHD genes, will propose new clues and directions for future experiment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Su-Hua Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
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Ardais A, Borges M, Rocha A, Sallaberry C, Cunha R, Porciúncula L. Caffeine triggers behavioral and neurochemical alterations in adolescent rats. Neuroscience 2014; 270:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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49
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Role of synaptosome-related (SNARE) genes in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:799-800. [PMID: 24176595 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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SNAP-25 regulates spine formation through postsynaptic binding to p140Cap. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2136. [PMID: 23868368 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is a member of the Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) protein family, required for exocytosis of synaptic vesicles and regulation of diverse ion channels. Here, we show that acute reduction of SNAP-25 expression leads to an immature phenotype of dendritic spines that are, consistently, less functional. Conversely, over-expression of SNAP-25 results in an increase in the density of mature, Postsynaptic Density protein 95 (PSD-95)-positive spines. The regulation of spine morphogenesis by SNAP-25 depends on the protein's ability to bind both the plasma membrane and the adaptor protein p140Cap, a key protein regulating actin cytoskeleton and spine formation. We propose that SNAP-25 allows the organization of the molecular apparatus needed for spine formation by recruiting and stabilizing p140Cap.
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