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Yeung EJ, Klemet-N'Guessan S, Hossie TJ, Fox MG. Boldness, movement and exploration tendency in round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in Southern Ontario. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:790-797. [PMID: 36571486 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species have the potential to damage ecosystems outside their native range. At an invasion front, individuals are faced with the unfamiliar conditions of a novel environment. Therefore, certain behavioural traits such as boldness and movement likely play a role in invasion ecology. If behavioural traits of this kind are influenced by differing selection pressures between demographic groups of the same species, this could have broad implications for the management of expanding invasion fronts. To determine whether the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas, 1814) exhibits sex- and habitat-based differences in boldness and movement across the invasion front, the authors assessed individual movement and exploration tendency under controlled lab settings using video analysis in a behavioural assay. N. melanostomus from lakes tended to be bolder than those from streams, and females tended to be bolder than males. This study provides evidence for sex- and habitat-based differences in behaviour in this globally invasive species that the authors hope will assist in forming the foundation for contextually appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Yeung
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sandra Klemet-N'Guessan
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hossie
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fox
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Heller B, Erlich Y, Kariv D, Maaravi Y. On the Opportunities and Risks of Examining the Genetics of Entrepreneurship. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122208. [PMID: 36553475 PMCID: PMC9777747 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent accomplishments in genome sequencing techniques have resulted in vast and complex genomic data sets, which have been used to uncover the genetic correlates of not only strictly medical phenomena but also psychological characteristics such as personality traits. In this commentary, we call for the use of genomic data analysis to unlock the valuable field of the genetics of entrepreneurship. Understanding what makes an entrepreneur and what explains their success is paramount given the importance of entrepreneurship to individual, organizational, and societal growth and success. Most of the studies into the genetics of entrepreneurship have investigated familial entrepreneurial inclinations in the form of parent-offspring comparisons or twin studies. However, these do not offer a complete picture of the etiology of entrepreneurship. The use of big data analytics combined with the rapidly growing field of genetic mapping has the potential to offer a more complete picture of the etiology of entrepreneurship by allowing researchers to pinpoint precisely which genes and pathways underlie entrepreneurial behavior and success. We review the risks and opportunities which accompany this endeavor and make the case that, ultimately, prioritizing more research into the genetics of entrepreneurship has the potential to be of value to both science and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Heller
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Yaniv Erlich
- Efi Arazi School of Computer Science, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Dafna Kariv
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Yossi Maaravi
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- Correspondence:
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3
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Park E, Yun KE, Kim MH, Kim J, Chang Y, Ryu S, Kim HL, Kim HN, Jung SC. Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Six Facets of Neuroticism in Korean Adults. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1246. [PMID: 34945718 PMCID: PMC8704006 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A person high in neuroticism is more likely to experience anxiety, stress, worry, fear, anger, and depression. Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiota can influence personality and mental disorders, including stress, anxiety, and depression, through the gut-brain axis. Here, we investigated the correlations between the sub-facet of neuroticism and gut microbiota using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data 784 adults. We found that the high anxiety and vulnerability group showed significantly lower richness in microbial diversity than a group with low anxiety and vulnerability. In beta diversity, there was a significant difference between the low and high groups of anxiety, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability. In taxonomic compositions, Haemophilus belonging to Gammaproteobacteria was correlated with the Neuroticism domain as well as N1 anxiety and N6 vulnerability facets. The high N1 anxiety and N6 vulnerability group was correlated with a low abundance of Christensenellaceae belonging to Firmicutes Clostridia. High N4 self-consciousness was correlated with a low abundance of Alistipes and Sudoligranulum. N5 impulsiveness was correlated with a low abundance of Oscillospirales. Our findings will contribute to uncovering the potential link between the gut microbiota and neuroticism, and the elucidation of the correlations of the microbiome-gut-brain axis with behavioral changes and psychiatric cases in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (E.P.); (H.-L.K.)
| | - Kyung Eun Yun
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea; (K.E.Y.); (M.-H.K.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea; (K.E.Y.); (M.-H.K.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Jimin Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea; (K.E.Y.); (M.-H.K.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea; (K.E.Y.); (M.-H.K.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (S.R.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea; (K.E.Y.); (M.-H.K.); (J.K.); (Y.C.); (S.R.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (E.P.); (H.-L.K.)
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (E.P.); (H.-L.K.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
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Ausmees L, Talts M, Allik J, Vainik U, Sikka TT, Nikopensius T, Esko T, Realo A. Taking risks to feel excitement: Detailed personality profile and genetic associations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211019242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study mapped the personality and genetics of risky excitement-seekers focusing on skydiving behavior. We compared 298 skydivers to 298 demographically matched controls across the NEO Personality Inventory-3 domains, facets, and 240 items. The most significant item-level effects were aggregated into a poly-item score of skydiving-associated personality markers (Study 1), where higher scores describe individuals who enjoy risky situations but have no self-control issues. The skydiving-associated personality marker score was associated with greater physical activity, higher rate of traumatic injuries, and better mental health in a sample of 3558 adults (Study 2). From genetic perspective, we associated skydiving behavior with 19 candidate variants that have previously been linked to excitement-seeking (Study 1). Polymorphisms in the SERT gene were the strongest predictors of skydiving, but the false discovery rate-adjusted (FDR-adjusted) p-values were non-significant. In Study 2, we predicted the skydiving-associated personality marker score and E5: Excitement-seeking from multiple risk-taking polygenic scores, using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies. While E5: Excitement-seeking was most strongly predicted by general risk tolerance and risky behaviors’ polygenic scores, the skydiving-associated personality marker score was most strongly associated with the adventurousness polygenic scores. Phenotypic and polygenic scores associations suggest that skydiving is a specific—perhaps more functional—form of excitement-seeking, which may nevertheless lead to physical injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Ausmees
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maie Talts
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Estonia
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | | | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Realo
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK
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Federico CM, Aguilera R. The Distinct Pattern of Relationships Between the Big Five and Racial Resentment Among White Americans. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550617752063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between the Big Five and prejudice suggests that low agreeableness and low openness to experience are the most consistent personality correlates of prejudice. However, research on this topic has not examined racial resentment (RR) among White Americans, an affectively charged hostility to Blacks rooted in the perception that they lack self-reliance. Based on work suggesting that prejudices like this may have a value-laden component, we argue that the strongest predictors of RR will be those associated with conservatism: conscientiousness and openness. Using three national surveys, we find that conscientiousness and openness are the strongest predictors of RR among White Americans—matching the predictors of ideology but not a stereotyping measure. Extending this, we demonstrate that conscientiousness and openness predict changes in RR over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Aguilera
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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6
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Robbins TW. Opinion on monoaminergic contributions to traits and temperament. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170153. [PMID: 29483339 PMCID: PMC5832679 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article critically reviews evidence relating temperamental traits and personality factors to the monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and serotonin. The genetic evidence is not yet considered to be conclusive and it is argued that basic neuroscience research on the neural basis of behaviour in experimental animals should be taken more into account. While questionnaire and lexical methodology including the 'Five Factor' theory has been informative (mostly for the traits relevant to social functioning, i.e. personality), biologically oriented approaches should be employed with more objective, theoretically grounded measures of cognition and behaviour, combined with neuroimaging and psychopharmacology, where appropriate. This strategy will enable specific functions of monoamines and other neuromodulators such as acetylcholine and neuropeptides (such as orexin) to be defined with respect to their roles in modulating activity in specific neural networks-leading to a more realistic definition of their interactive roles in complex, biologically based traits (i.e. temperament).This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
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7
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Sanchez-Roige S, Gray JC, MacKillop JK, Chen CH, Palmer AA. The genetics of human personality. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12439. [PMID: 29152902 PMCID: PMC7012279 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits are the relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that reflect the tendency to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances. Twin and family studies have showed that personality traits are moderately heritable, and can predict various lifetime outcomes, including psychopathology. The Research Domain Criteria characterizes psychiatric diseases as extremes of normal tendencies, including specific personality traits. This implies that heritable variation in personality traits, such as neuroticism, would share a common genetic basis with psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder. Despite considerable efforts over the past several decades, the genetic variants that influence personality are only beginning to be identified. We review these recent and increasingly rapid developments, which focus on the assessment of personality via several commonly used personality questionnaires in healthy human subjects. Study designs covered include twin, linkage, candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies and polygenic analyses. Findings from genetic studies of personality have furthered our understanding about the genetic etiology of personality, which, like neuropsychiatric diseases themselves, is highly polygenic. Polygenic analyses have showed genetic correlations between personality and psychopathology, confirming that genetic studies of personality can help to elucidate the etiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joshua C Gray
- Center for Deployment Psychology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814
| | - James K MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON N1E 6K9, Canada
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Zufferey V, Donati A, Popp J, Meuli R, Rossier J, Frackowiak R, Draganski B, von Gunten A, Kherif F. Neuroticism, depression, and anxiety traits exacerbate the state of cognitive impairment and hippocampal vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2017; 7:107-114. [PMID: 28653033 PMCID: PMC5476972 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Certain personality traits are associated with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease, similar to cognitive impairment. The identification of biological markers associated with personality in mild cognitive impairment could advance the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Methods We used hierarchical multivariate linear models to quantify the interaction between personality traits, state of cognitive impairment, and MRI biomarkers (gray matter brain volume, gray matter mean water diffusion) in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Results Over and above a main effect of cognitive state, the multivariate linear model showed significant interaction between cognitive state and personality traits predicting MTL abnormality. The interaction effect was mainly driven by neuroticism and its facets (anxiety, depression, and stress) and was associated with right-left asymmetry and an anterior to posterior gradient in the MTL. Discussion Our results support the hypothesis that personality traits can alter the vulnerability and pathoplasticity of disease and therefore modulate related biomarker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Zufferey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Donati
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julius Popp
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reto Meuli
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Rossier
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Frackowiak
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +41 314 95 93; Fax: +41 21 314 1256.
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Abstract
When individuals are exposed to stressful environmental challenges, the response varies widely in one or more of three components: psychology, behavior and physiology. This variability among individuals can be defined as temperament. In recent years, an increasing large body of evidence suggests that the dimensions of temperament, as well as personality, psychological disorders and behavioral traits, are influenced by genetic factors, and much of the variation appears to involve variation in genes or gene polymorphisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the behavior-controlling neurotransmitter networks. Here, we review our current understanding of the probabilistic impact of a number of candidate gene polymorphisms that control temperament, psychological disorders and behavioral traits in animals and human, including the gene polymorphisms related to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) production and adrenal cortisol production involved in the HPA axis, and a large number of gene polymorphisms in the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter networks. It will very likely to assist in diagnosis and treatment of human relevant disorders, and provide useful contributions to our understanding of evolution, welfare and conservation, for animals in the wild and in production systems. Additionally, investigations of gene-gene and gene-environment complex interactions in humans and animals need further clear illustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qiu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chong Qing , PR China.,b UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology M082, Faculty of Sciences , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia
| | - Graeme B Martin
- b UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology M082, Faculty of Sciences , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.,c Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Dominique Blache
- b UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology M082, Faculty of Sciences , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia
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10
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Jiménez KM, Pereira-Morales AJ, Forero DA. Higher scores in the extraversion personality trait are associated with a functional polymorphism in the PER3 gene in healthy subjects. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:280-286. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1268149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Jiménez
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angela J. Pereira-Morales
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Delvecchio G, Bellani M, Altamura AC, Brambilla P. The association between the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters and personality traits. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2016; 25:109-12. [PMID: 26750396 PMCID: PMC6998595 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796015001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from previous studies has reported that complex traits, including psychiatric disorders, are moderately to highly heritable. Moreover, it has also been shown that specific personality traits may increase the risk to develop mental illnesses. Therefore the focus of the research shifted towards the identification of the biological mechanisms underpinning these traits by exploring the effects of a constellation of genetic polymorphisms in healthy subjects. Indeed, studying the effect of genetic variants in normal personality provides a unique means for identifying candidate genes which may increase the risk for psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss the impact of two of the most frequently studied genetic polymorphisms on personality in healthy subjects, the 5-HTT polymorphism of the serotonin transporter and the DRD2/DRD4 polymorphisms of the D2/D4 dopamine's receptors. The main aims are: (a) to highlight that the study of candidate genes provides a fruitful ground for the identification of the biological underpinnings of personality without, though, reaching a general consensus about the strength of this relationship; and (b) to outline that the research in personality genetics should be expanded to provide a clearer picture of the heritability of personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Delvecchio
- IRCCS ‘E. Medea’ Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - M. Bellani
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Inter University Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A. C. Altamura
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Texas at Houston, TX, USA
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12
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ABO Blood Type and Personality Traits in Healthy Japanese Subjects. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126983. [PMID: 25978647 PMCID: PMC4433257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no scientific consensus that a relationship exists between the ABO blood group and personality traits. However, a recent study hypothesized that the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene is in linkage with the ABO gene. The sample population consisted of 1,427 healthy Japanese subjects who completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Each subject's ABO blood type was determined by genotyping the rs8176719 and rs8176746 ABO gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a TaqMan genotyping assay. The relationships between the six ABO genotypes or four ABO phenotypes and personality traits were examined using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), controlling for age and sex. The MANCOVA data showed a significant difference in TCI scores among the ABO genotype groups (F [7, 1393] = 3.354, p = 0.001). A subsequent univariate analysis showed a significant difference in the mean scores for Persistence among the genotype groups (F = 2.680, partial η2 = 0.010, p = 0.020). Similarly, dividing the ABO blood type into four phenotypes revealed a significant difference among the phenotype groups (F [7, 1397] = 2.529, p = 0.014). A subsequent univariate analysis showed a significant difference among the phenotype groups in the mean scores for Persistence (F = 2.952, partial η2= 0.006, p = 0.032). We observed a significant association between ABO blood group genotypes and personality traits in a large number of healthy Japanese subjects. However, these results should be regarded as preliminary and should be interpreted with caution because it is possible that the association between ABO blood group genotype and the Persistence trait is relatively weak.
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13
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Riyahi S, Sánchez-Delgado M, Calafell F, Monk D, Senar JC. Combined epigenetic and intraspecific variation of the DRD4 and SERT genes influence novelty seeking behavior in great tit Parus major. Epigenetics 2015; 10:516-25. [PMID: 25933062 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1046027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms that can regulate gene expression and is an important means for creating phenotypic variation. In the present study, we performed methylation profiling of 2 candidate genes for personality traits, namely DRD4 and SERT, in the great tit Parus major to ascertain whether personality traits and behavior within different habitats have evolved with the aid of epigenetic variation. We applied bisulphite PCR and strand-specific sequencing to determine the methylation profile of the CpG dinucleotides in the DRD4 and SERT promoters and also in the CpG island overlapping DRD4 exon 3. Furthermore, we performed pyrosequencing to quantify the total methylation levels at each CpG location. Our results indicated that methylation was ∼1-4% higher in urban than in forest birds, for all loci and tissues analyzed, suggesting that this epigenetic modification is influenced by environmental conditions. Screening of genomic DNA sequence revealed that the SERT promoter is CpG poor region. The methylation at a single CpG dinucleotide located 288 bp from the transcription start site was related to exploration score in urban birds. In addition, the genotypes of the SERT polymorphism SNP234 located within the minimal promoter were significantly correlated with novelty seeking behavior in captivity, with the allele increasing this behavior being more frequent in urban birds. As a conclusion, it seems that both genetic and methylation variability of the SERT gene have an important role in shaping personality traits in great tits, whereas genetic and methylation variation at the DRD4 gene is not strongly involved in behavior and personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepand Riyahi
- a Evolutionary Ecology Associate Research Unit (CSIC); Natural History Museum of Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
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14
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Abstract
Belief-importance (belimp) theory hypothesizes that personality traits confer a propensity to perceive convergences or divergences between the belief that we can attain certain goals and the importance that we place on these goals. Belief and importance are conceptualized as two coordinates, together defining the belimp plane. We tested fundamental aspects of the theory using four different planes based on the life domains of appearance, family, financial security, and friendship as well as a global plane combining these four domains. The criteria were from the areas of personality (Big Five and trait emotional intelligence) and learning styles. Two hundred and fifty eight participants were allocated into the four quadrants of the belimp plane (Hubris, Motivation, Depression, and Apathy) according to their scores on four reliable instruments. Most hypotheses were supported by the data. Results are discussed with reference to the stability of the belimp classifications under different life domains and the relationship of the quadrants with the personality traits that are hypothesized to underpin them.
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Calati R, Signorelli MS, Gressier F, Bianchini O, Porcelli S, Comings DE, Girolamo GD, Aguglia E, MacMurray J, Serretti A. Modulation of a number of genes on personality traits in a sample of healthy subjects. Neurosci Lett 2014; 566:320-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Kazantseva AV, Kutlumbetova YY, Malykh SB, Lobaskova MM, Khusnutdinova EK. Arginine-vasopressin receptor gene (AVPR1A, AVPR1B) polymorphisms and their relation to personality traits. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Aim To investigate the personality in very preterm individuals (VPT; gestational age, GA, <32 weeks) at adult age in two cohorts born in 1974–76 and 1980–82, respectively, and to illuminate the effect of increased survival rates and the clinical implications of deviations in personality. Method Demographic data were extracted for all individuals born in Denmark in 1974–76 and 1980–82. From each period one index-group each comprising 150 individuals with the lowest gestational age was selected. Thereafter two control groups born at term were matched by gender, age and residential area. Personality was assessed with the short version of NEO PI-R, and psychiatric diagnoses were obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register. Results Of all the individuals born <32 weeks of gestation in 1980–82 67% were alive in 2006 vs. 43% of those born in 1974–76 (p<0.0001). A total of 433 individuals participated in the study, 76% of the VPT groups (n = 227, mean GA = 27.9) and 69% of the control groups (n = 206). There were no significant differences on personality scores between the two VPT groups. Compared to the control groups, the combined VPT groups scored higher on neuroticism (p = 0.005) and agreeableness (p = 0.012), but lower on extraversion (p = 0.002). Psychiatric disorder was strongly associated with higher scores on neuroticism and lower scores on extraversion. Interpretation Improved survival of VPT infants was not associated with increased deviances in the personality as adults. The personality traits in VPT individuals differ moderately from those of term born controls. High scores in neuroticism and low scores in extraversion were associated with increased risk psychiatric disorders. VPT adults also showed signs of positive adaptation in the form of an agreeable and confident attitude towards others. What this paper adds The much improved survival rate in very preterm infants during the early years of active neonatology was not associated with increased risk of personality deviation. There are signs of positive adaptation in the form of increased agreeableness in young adults born very preterm.
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Papageorgiou KA, Ronald A. "He who sees things grow from the beginning will have the finest view of them" a systematic review of genetic studies on psychological traits in infancy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1500-17. [PMID: 23644044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the studies that have aimed to identify genes influencing psychological traits in infancy (from birth to age 12 months). The review also addresses why genetic research in infancy is worthwhile and what genetic approaches such as genome-wide association studies and next generation sequencing could offer infant genetics. The results revealed that: (a) all studies (N=26) have employed a candidate gene association design; (b) existing studies have most commonly focused on the Dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and the Serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) gene polymorphisms; (c) phenotypes that have been assessed are temperament, attachment, and attention. Two further studies included both temperament and electrophysiological markers; (d) among many unreplicated findings, the most promising result appeared to be an association between the long DRD4 polymorphism and several "positive" temperament characteristics from birth to 4-months of age and at 12-months of age. It is concluded that, to date, there are limited, and mixed, findings regarding the possible association of genes with psychological phenotypes in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Papageorgiou
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Science, Birkbeck University of London, UK.
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19
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Ayearst LE, Sellbom M, Trobst KK, Bagby RM. Evaluating the Interpersonal Content of the MMPI–2–RF Interpersonal Scales. J Pers Assess 2013; 95:187-96. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2012.730085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Szmajke A. Does Personality Smell? Accuracy of Personality Assessments Based on Body Odour. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/per.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
People are able to assess some personality traits of others based on videotaped behaviour, short interaction or a photograph. In our study, we investigated the relationship between body odour and the Big Five personality dimensions and dominance. Sixty odour samples were assessed by 20 raters each. The main finding of the presented study is that for a few personality traits, the correlation between self–assessed personality of odour donors and judgments based on their body odour was above chance level. The correlations were strongest for extraversion (.36), neuroticism (.34) and dominance (.29). Further analyses showed that self–other agreement in assessments of neuroticism slightly differed between sexes and that the ratings of dominance were particularly accurate for assessments of the opposite sex. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Abstract
Advances in cognitive, affective, and social neuroscience raise a host of new questions concerning the ways in which neuroscience can and should be used. These advances also challenge our intuitions about the nature of humans as moral and spiritual beings. Neuroethics is the new field that grapples with these issues. The present article surveys a number of applications of neuroscience to such diverse arenas as marketing, criminal justice, the military, and worker productivity. The ethical, legal, and societal effects of these applications are discussed. Less practical, but perhaps ultimately more consequential, is the impact of neuroscience on our worldview and our understanding of the human person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha J Farah
- Center for Neuroscience & Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
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22
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Giegling I, Calati R, Porcelli S, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, De Ronchi D, Rujescu D, Serretti A. NCAM1, TACR1 and NOS genes and temperament: a study on suicide attempters and controls. Neuropsychobiology 2011; 64:32-7. [PMID: 21577011 DOI: 10.1159/000324993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Suicide, one of the leading causes of death among young adults, seems to be plausibly modulated by both genetic and personality factors. The aim of this study was to dissect the potential association between genetics and temperament in a sample of 111 suicide attempters and 289 healthy controls. We focused on 4 genes previously investigated in association with suicide on the same sample: the nitric oxide synthase 1 and 3 (NOS1 and NOS3), the neuronal cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1), and the tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) genes. In particular, we investigated whether a set of genetic variants in these genes (NOS1: rs2682826, rs1353939, rs693534; NOS3: rs2070744, rs1799983, rs891512; NCAM1: rs2301228, rs1884, rs1245113, rs1369816, rs2196456, rs584427; TACR1: rs3771810, rs3771825, rs726506, rs1477157) were associated with temperamental traits at the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). No strong evidence was found for the association between TCI personality traits and the polymorphisms considered in the 4 genes, with the exception of an association between reward dependence trait and the rs2682826 SNP in NOS1 in the healthy sample. However, this result could be plausibly interpreted as a false-positive finding. In conclusion, our study did not support the thesis of a direct modulation of these genes on temperament; however, further studies on larger samples are clearly required in order to confirm our preliminary findings and to exclude any possible minor influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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23
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Almeida KM, Nery FG, Moreno RA, Gorenstein C, Lafer B. Personality traits in bipolar disorder type I: a sib-pair analysis. Bipolar Disord 2011; 13:662-9. [PMID: 22085479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare temperament and character traits among patients with bipolar disorder (BD), their siblings, and healthy controls (HCs) in order to examine whether personality traits are related to the genetic vulnerability to develop BD. METHODS Using the Temperament and Character Inventory, we assessed 204 subjects: 67 euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder type I, 67 siblings without BD, and 70 HCs. RESULTS Scores on harm avoidance, novelty seeking, and self-transcendence were significantly higher among patients with BD than among HCs, whereas those on self-directedness and cooperativeness were significantly lower. Siblings showed higher scores on harm avoidance and lower scores on self-directedness than did HCs. As some of the siblings presented at least one lifetime psychiatric disorder other than BD (n = 35), we examined the subset of siblings who had no lifetime psychiatric disorder (n = 32). This group showed statistically higher harm avoidance scores than HCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the harm avoidance temperament trait and, to a lesser extent, the self-directedness character trait may represent vulnerability factors for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mathias Almeida
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Rommelse NN, Geurts HM, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Hartman CA. A review on cognitive and brain endophenotypes that may be common in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and facilitate the search for pleiotropic genes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1363-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Personality-Associated Genetic Variation in Birds and Its Possible Significance for Avian Evolution, Conservation, and Welfare. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-53892-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Steiger H, Bruce KR, Groleau P. Neural circuits, neurotransmitters, and behavior: serotonin and temperament in bulimic syndromes. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2010; 6:125-38. [PMID: 21107929 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2010_88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In bulimia nervosa (BN), and in related binge-purge syndromes, factors affecting central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) function appear to contribute not only to appetitive dysregulation but also to temperamental and personality manifestations. Drawing upon findings from neurobiological, molecular-genetic, and brain-imaging studies, we present an integrative model of the role of 5-HT function in bulimic syndromes. At the core of our model is a consideration of the ways in which diverse hereditary and environmental influences impact the action of the 5-HT system. We believe that our model helps account for heterogeneous traits seen in the bulimic population, for disproportionate representation of individuals displaying pathological personality traits and exposure to severe environmental stressors, and for interindividual variations as to treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Steiger
- Douglas University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal (Verdun), QC, Canada, H4H 1R3.
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Pauli P, Conzelmann A, Mucha RF, Weyers P, Baehne CG, Fallgatter AJ, Jacob CP, Lesch KP. Affect-modulated startle reflex and dopamine D4 receptor gene variation. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:25-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gade-Andavolu R, Macmurray J, Comings DE, Calati R, Chiesa A, Serretti A. Association between the estrogen receptor TA polymorphism and Harm avoidance. Neurosci Lett 2009; 467:155-8. [PMID: 19822194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade a large number of studies focused on the recognition of gene variants modulating temperamental traits. The gene coding for the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) appears to be an interesting candidate and it has been found to be linked to Harm avoidance (HA). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the ESR1 TA dinucleotide repeat polymorphism is associated with HA temperamental trait in a sample of Caucasian University students. One hundred ninety healthy subjects were genotyped for ESR1 TA dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and were administered the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). ESR1 TA repeat lengths were dichotomized into short and long categories. ANOVA was used to examine the influence of ESR1 variants (short/long) on the means of the TCI HA scores. HA was significantly associated with age and gender in our sample, being higher in older and female subjects. In the global sample as well as in men and women separately, individuals carrying the S/S variant showed significantly higher HA scores. Further analysis on the HA subscales revealed that specific differences could exist between men and women. Our results further suggest a possible role of ESR1 variants on HA. Further research is needed to replicate our findings as well as to better explore the neuro-biological mechanisms of the modulation of ESR1 on HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gade-Andavolu
- Genetic Research Institute of the Desert, Rancho Mirage, California, United States
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Heck A, Lieb R, Ellgas A, Pfister H, Lucae S, Roeske D, Pütz B, Müller-Myhsok B, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Ising M. Investigation of 17 candidate genes for personality traits confirms effects of the HTR2A gene on novelty seeking. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 8:464-72. [PMID: 19566713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission have been hypothesized to affect different aspects of personality, but findings from genetic association studies did not provide conclusive results so far. In previous studies, however, only one or a few polymorphisms within single genes were investigated neglecting the possibility that the genetic associations might be more complex comprising several genes or gene regions. To overcome this limitation, we performed an extended genetic association study analyzing 17 serotonergic (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR6, MAOA, TPH1, TPH2) and dopaminergic genes (SLC6A3, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, COMT, MAOA, TH, DBH), which have been previously reported to be implicated with personality traits. One hundred and ninety-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes were genotyped with the Illumina BeadChip technology (HumanHap300, Human-1) in a sample of 366 mentally healthy Caucasians. Additionally, we tried to replicate our results in an independent sample of further 335 Caucasians. Personality traits in both samples were assessed with the German version of Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. From 30 SNPs showing associations at a nominal level of significance, two intronic SNPs, rs2770296 and rs927544, both located in the HTR2A gene, withstood correction for multiple testing. These SNPs were associated with the personality trait novelty seeking. The effect of rs927544 could be replicated for the novelty seeking subscale extravagance, and the same SNP was also associated with extravagance in the combined samples. Our results show that HTR2A polymorphisms modulate facets of novelty seeking behaviour in healthy adults suggesting that serotonergic neurotransmission is involved in this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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31
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Farah MJ, Smith ME, Gawuga C, Lindsell D, Foster D. Brain imaging and brain privacy: a realistic concern? J Cogn Neurosci 2009; 21:119-27. [PMID: 18476762 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging has been used to study a wide array of psychological traits, including aspects of personality and intelligence. Progress in identifying the neural correlates of individual differences in such traits, for the sake of basic science, has moved us closer to the applied science goal of measuring them and thereby raised ethical concerns about privacy. How realistic are such concerns given the current state of the art? In this article, we describe the statistical basis of the measurement of psychological traits using functional neuroimaging and examine the degree to which current functional neuroimaging protocols could be used for this purpose. By analyzing the published data from 16 studies, we demonstrate that the use of imaging to gather information about an individual's psychological traits is already possible, but to an extremely limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha J Farah
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Serretti A, Calati R, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Serotonin receptor HTR1A and HTR2C variants and personality traits in suicide attempters and controls. J Psychiatr Res 2009; 43:519-25. [PMID: 18715570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serotonin has been extensively studied in relation to both personality features and suicidal behaviours. OBJECTIVE In this study, we considered the association between the serotonin receptor 1A (HTR1A) and 2C (HTR2C) SNPs and personality traits, as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in a sample of suicide patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS The SNPs considered were, for HTR1A rs1423691, rs878567 and rs6295, and for HTR2C rs547536, rs2192372, rs6318, rs2428707, rs4272555 and rs1801412. The sample was composed of three groups: two German samples, consisting of a healthy control group of 289 subjects (42.6% males, mean age: 45.2+/-14.9) and a psychiatric patient group of 111 suicide attempters (38.7% males, mean age: 39.2+/-13.6), and an Italian sample, composed of 64 mood disorder patients (35.9% males, mean age: 43.0+/-14.8). In the German samples all the SNPs were investigated, while in the Italian sample only the HTR1A rs6295 and the HTR2C rs6318 SNPs were considered. RESULTS Controlling for sex, age and educational level, single markers and haplotypes were not or only marginally associated with personality dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Our study does not support the role of HTR1A and HTR2C gene variants on personality traits in both healthy volunteers and mood disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Pepoli 5, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
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Suzuki A, Matsumoto Y, Oshino S, Kamata M, Goto K, Otani K. Combination of the serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter gene promoter polymorphisms might influence harm avoidance and novelty seeking in healthy females. Neurosci Lett 2008; 439:52-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Mesman J. Dopamine system genes associated with parenting in the context of daily hassles. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 7:403-10. [PMID: 17973921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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35
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Fidler AE, van Oers K, Drent PJ, Kuhn S, Mueller JC, Kempenaers B. Drd4 gene polymorphisms are associated with personality variation in a passerine bird. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 274:1685-91. [PMID: 17472912 PMCID: PMC1914334 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in several neurotransmitter-associated genes have been associated with variation in human personality traits. Among the more promising of such associations is that between the human dopamine receptor D4 gene (Drd4) variants and novelty-seeking behaviour. However, genetic epistasis, genotype-environment interactions and confounding environmental factors all act to obscure genotype-personality relationships. Such problems can be addressed by measuring personality under standardized conditions and by selection experiments, with both approaches only feasible with non-human animals. Looking for similar Drd4 genotype-personality associations in a free-living bird, the great tit (Parus major), we detected 73 polymorphisms (66 SNPs, 7 indels) in the P. major Drd4 orthologue. Two of the P. major Drd4 gene polymorphisms were investigated for evidence of association with novelty-seeking behaviour: a coding region synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP830) and a 15bp indel (ID15) located 5' to the putative transcription initiation site. Frequencies of the three Drd4 SNP830 genotypes, but not the ID15 genotypes, differed significantly between two P. major lines selected over four generations for divergent levels of 'early exploratory behaviour' (EEB). Strong corroborating evidence for the significance of this finding comes from the analysis of free-living, unselected birds where we found a significant association between SNP830 genotypes and differing mean EEB levels. These findings suggest that an association between Drd4 gene polymorphisms and animal personality variation predates the divergence of the avian and mammalian lineages. Furthermore, this work heralds the possibility of following microevolutionary changes in frequencies of behaviourally relevant Drd4 polymorphisms within populations where natural selection acts differentially on different personality types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Fidler
- Max-Planck Institute for OrnithologyPO Box 1564, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
- Cawthron InstitutePrivate Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Kees van Oers
- Max-Planck Institute for OrnithologyPO Box 1564, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyPO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands
| | - Piet J Drent
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyPO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Kuhn
- Max-Planck Institute for OrnithologyPO Box 1564, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
| | - Jakob C Mueller
- Max-Planck Institute for OrnithologyPO Box 1564, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Max-Planck Institute for OrnithologyPO Box 1564, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
- Author for correspondence ()
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South SC, Krueger RF. An Interactionist Perspective on Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Personality. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Sand PG, Langguth B, Kleinjung T, Eichhammer P. Genetics of chronic tinnitus. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2008; 166:159-68. [PMID: 17956780 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(07)66014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to chronic tinnitus is highly variable and of particular interest when it comes to defining strategies for prevention and treatment. While several rare monogenic disorders have been described that are associated with tinnitus, the genetic underpinnings of the more common forms of the syndrome are still poorly understood. The present article incorporates recent advancements in the field, including the epidemiology of tinnitus in subjects with neuropsychiatric illness, and highlights pilot studies of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Sand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH. Research Review: genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility in child development: the case of attachment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48:1160-73. [PMID: 18093021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions interpreted in terms of differential susceptibility may play a large part in the explanation of individual differences in human development. Reviewing studies on the behavioral and molecular genetics of attachment, we present evidence for interactions between genetic and environmental factors explaining individual differences in attachment security and disorganization. In particular, the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism seems associated with an increased risk for disorganized attachment, but only when combined with environmental risk. Gene-environment (G x E) interactions may be interpreted as genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility. We found support for the differential susceptibility hypothesis predicting not only more negative outcomes for susceptible children in unfavorable environments, but also positive outcomes for susceptible children in favorable environments.
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Bachner-Melman R, Lerer E, Zohar AH, Kremer I, Elizur Y, Nemanov L, Golan M, Blank S, Gritsenko I, Ebstein RP. Anorexia nervosa, perfectionism, and dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:748-56. [PMID: 17440932 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), a well-characterized, polymorphic gene, is an attractive candidate for contributing risk to disordered eating and anorexia nervosa (AN). We tested association using UNPHASED for 5 DRD4 polymorphic loci, 3 promoter region SNPs (C-521T, C-616G, A-809G), the 120 bp promoter region tandem duplication and the exon III repeat, in 202 AN trios and 418 control families. Since perfectionism characterizes AN, we tested these five loci for association with the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) in the AN and control groups. Single locus analysis showed significant association between the 'C' C-521T allele and AN. Haplotype analysis also showed significant association, particularly a 4-locus haplotype (exon III&120 bp repeat&C-521T&A-809G). Association was also observed between DRD4 and CAPS scores both for AN and control subjects. The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a), previously shown to be associated with disordered eating, were also associated with CAPS scores. Three genes associated with AN were also associated with perfectionism. Personality traits are potential endophenotypes for understanding the etiology of eating disorders and one of the several pathways to eating pathology may be mediated by the impact of DNA sequences on perfectionism.
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Serretti A, Calati R, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Colombo C, Rujescu D. 5-HT2A SNPs and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:1275-81. [PMID: 17590256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Temperamental traits, the most basic part of personality, have been largely correlated with neurotransmitter systems and are under genetic control. Among serotonin candidates, the 2A receptor (5-HT(2A)) received considerable attention. We analyzed four SNPs (rs643627, rs594242, rs6311 and rs6313) in the 5-HT(2A) gene and their association with personality traits, as measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The sample was composed of three sub-groups: two German sub-samples, consisting of a healthy group of 289 subjects (42.6% males, mean age: 45.2+/-14.9) and a psychiatric patient group of 111 suicide attempters (38.7% males, mean age: 39.2+/-13.6), and an Italian sub-sample, composed of 60 mood disorder patients (35.0% males, mean age: 44.0+/-14.8). Controlling for sex, age and educational level, the SNPs were not strongly associated with personality dimensions. Only the rs594242 showed an association with Self-Directedness (p=0.003) in the German sample, while rs6313 was marginally associated with Novelty Seeking (p=0.01) in the Italian sample. We conclude that 5-HT(2A) SNPs may marginally modulate personality traits but further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Pepoli 5, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
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Miller-Butterworth CM, Kaplan JR, Barmada MM, Manuck SB, Ferrell RE. The serotonin transporter: sequence variation in Macaca fascicularis and its relationship to dominance. Behav Genet 2007; 37:678-96. [PMID: 17605101 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-007-9162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Specific genotypes of the rhesus monkey and human serotonin transporter gene (SERT) promoter region are associated with personality traits and serotonergic activity. However, the most commonly studied promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is monomorphic in many other monkey species. To date, no systematic search for alternative potentially functional polymorphisms across the remaining coding parts of the gene has been undertaken in other primate species, despite the crucial role SERT plays in modulating serotonergic tone. We investigated whether sequence variation in this gene is associated with social rank and serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) differences in 524 cynomolgus macaques. Sequence variation and extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the regulatory and coding regions were initially characterized in 92 macaques. The exons and promoter contained 28 polymorphisms, more than double that recorded for human SERT. In further contrast to humans, the macaque SERT showed no significant LD. Potentially functional polymorphisms were genotyped in all animals. No individual variants or haplotypes were significantly associated with social rank or 5-HIAA concentrations; however, certain serotonin transporter diplotypes may modulate acquisition of dominance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Miller-Butterworth
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, A300 Crabtree Hall, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Urata T, Takahashi N, Hakamata Y, Iijima Y, Kuwahara N, Ozaki N, Ono Y, Amano M, Inada T. Gene-gene interaction analysis of personality traits in a Japanese population using an electrochemical DNA array chip analysis. Neurosci Lett 2006; 414:209-12. [PMID: 17208375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that genes involved in the central dopaminergic pathway may contribute to personality traits. However, the results of association studies for these genes have not been consistent. The present study investigated the relationship between the specific polymorphisms of MAO-A, COMT, DRD2, DRD3 and personality traits in Japanese women using a novel genotyping method involving electrochemical DNA array (ECA) chip analysis. Single marker association analysis for each mutation revealed no significant association between scores for Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) items. Gene-gene interaction analysis showed that a MAO-A 30-bp repeatxCOMT (Val158Met)xDRD3 (Ser9Gly) had a marginally significant association with Agreeableness (P=0.0547). The present results suggest that a combination of polymorphisms of MAO-A, COMT, and DRD3 might affect personality traits in Japanese women.
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Abstract
Evolutionary psychiatry emerged from the conceptual successes of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology. It will need to avoid the many mistakes that biology-free Evolutionary Psychology has been prey to. It should not ignore the wealth of information that exists between the phenotypic expression of symptoms and the genotypic sources of core brain/mind processes that are disrupted in psychiatric disorders. Syndromal-conceptual thinking has become a barrier to illuminating the biological sources of psychiatric disorders. Endophenoytpic-biomarker approaches now offer robust alternatives for generating linkages between psychiatrically relevant psychological changes and the neurobiological infrastructure of disordered mentation. Here I summarize recent advances in endophenotypic thinking in biological psychiatry, and suggest that various core emotional-affective processes may be among the most important endophenotypes that need to be clarified at both neurobiological and genetic levels of analysis. To this end, I discuss strategies to link basic emotional processes that are commonly imbalanced in psychiatric disorders to neuroanatomical, neurochemical, neurophysiology, and molecular genetic levels of analysis. Conjoint animal behavioral-genetic and gene expression, microarray analyses can clarify a variety of key emotional endophenotypes and thereby provide a coherent infrastructure for psychiatric systematics. To further clarify the neurobiological dimensions of psychiatric disorders, we must also focus on psychosocial and environmental stress vectors that converge to create imbalanced emotional and motivational brain activities of psychiatric significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Panksepp
- Center for the Study of Animal Well-Being, College of Veterinary Medicine (VCAPP), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Millan MJ. Multi-target strategies for the improved treatment of depressive states: Conceptual foundations and neuronal substrates, drug discovery and therapeutic application. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 110:135-370. [PMID: 16522330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression frequently accompanies other serious disorders. Currently available drugs display limited efficacy and a pronounced delay to onset of action, and all provoke distressing side effects. Cloning of the human genome has fuelled expectations that symptomatic treatment may soon become more rapid and effective, and that depressive states may ultimately be "prevented" or "cured". In pursuing these objectives, in particular for genome-derived, non-monoaminergic targets, "specificity" of drug actions is often emphasized. That is, priority is afforded to agents that interact exclusively with a single site hypothesized as critically involved in the pathogenesis and/or control of depression. Certain highly selective drugs may prove effective, and they remain indispensable in the experimental (and clinical) evaluation of the significance of novel mechanisms. However, by analogy to other multifactorial disorders, "multi-target" agents may be better adapted to the improved treatment of depressive states. Support for this contention is garnered from a broad palette of observations, ranging from mechanisms of action of adjunctive drug combinations and electroconvulsive therapy to "network theory" analysis of the etiology and management of depressive states. The review also outlines opportunities to be exploited, and challenges to be addressed, in the discovery and characterization of drugs recognizing multiple targets. Finally, a diversity of multi-target strategies is proposed for the more efficacious and rapid control of core and co-morbid symptoms of depression, together with improved tolerance relative to currently available agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Centre de Recherches de Croissy, Psychopharmacology Department, 125, Chemin de Ronde, 78290-Croissy/Seine, France.
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Tochigi M, Hibino H, Otowa T, Kato C, Marui T, Ohtani T, Umekage T, Kato N, Sasaki T. Association between dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III polymorphism and Neuroticism in the Japanese population. Neurosci Lett 2006; 398:333-6. [PMID: 16472910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The association between the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III polymorphism and personality trait of novelty seeking (NS) has been studied intensively. In the Japanese population, the results of the previous studies did not always coincide. In the present study, we investigated the association between the polymorphism and personality traits evaluated by using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in 196 Japanese subjects. A meta-analysis of the present and previous Japanese studies was also conducted regarding NS. As a result, significant association was observed between the polymorphism and personality traits evaluated by using NEO PI-R as a whole (p=0.022, MANCOVA). Subsequent analyses showed a significant association between short alleles (2-4 repeats) and higher scores for Neuroticism or its subscales, Anxiety, Depression, and Vulnerability (p=0.015, 0.039, 0.021, and 0.008, respectively, uncorrected). No other significant difference in the scores for NEO PI-R was observed in the subsequent analyses. Significant association was also observed between the polymorphism and scores for STAI as a whole (p=0.004, MANCOVA). Subsequent analyses did not show significant association, although a weak trend for the relation between the genotype consisting of short alleles and Trait Anxiety was observed (p=0.10, uncorrected). The meta-analysis showed no significant association between the polymorphism and NS. Thus, the present study suggested the association between the short allele of the DRD4 exon III polymorphism and personality trait of Neuroticism in Japanese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tochigi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Allin M, Rooney M, Cuddy M, Wyatt J, Walshe M, Rifkin L, Murray R. Personality in young adults who are born preterm. Pediatrics 2006; 117:309-16. [PMID: 16452348 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very preterm birth (VPT; <33 weeks' gestation) is associated with later neuromotor and cognitive impairment, reduced school performance, and psychiatric morbidity. Several follow-up studies have demonstrated increased anxiety and social rejection and reduced self-esteem in preterm children and adolescents, but few studies have examined the effects of preterm birth on adult personality. METHODS We assessed 108 VPT individuals and 67 term-born controls at ages 18 to 19 years with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, short form (EPQ-RS). This questionnaire rates 3 dimensions of personality: extraversion (sociability, liveliness, sensation seeking); neuroticism (anxiety, low mood, low self-esteem); and psychoticism (coldness, aggression, predisposition to antisocial behavior). A fourth scale, "lie," which measures dissimulation, is also derived. RESULTS VPT individuals had significantly lower extraversion scores, higher neuroticism scores, and higher lie scores than term-born controls, after controlling for age at assessment and socioeconomic status. P scores were not significantly different between the 2 groups. There was a gender difference in that the increased neuroticism and decreased extraversion scores were accounted for mainly by VPT females. Associations between EPQ-RS scores and neonatal status, adolescent behavioral ratings, and body size at 18 to 19 years were assessed by using Kendall partial correlations, correcting for age at assessment and socioeconomic status. Gestational age, indices of neonatal hypoxia, and neonatal ultrasound ratings were not correlated with EPQ-RS scores. Birth weight was weakly associated with increased lie scores. Rutter Parents' Scale score, a measure of adolescent psychopathology, was associated with an increased neuroticism score. Poor social adjustment in adolescence was associated with an increased lie score. Height and weight at 18 to 19 years were not associated with EPQ-RS, but reduced occipitofrontal circumference was associated with both decreased extraversion and increased lie scores. CONCLUSIONS Young adults who are born VPT have different personality styles from their term-born peers. This may be associated with an increased risk of psychiatric difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Allin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
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Tochigi M, Otowa T, Hibino H, Kato C, Otani T, Umekage T, Utsumi T, Kato N, Sasaki T. Combined analysis of association between personality traits and three functional polymorphisms in the tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase A, and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes. Neurosci Res 2005; 54:180-5. [PMID: 16360899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several molecular genetic studies have been conducted with regard to the association between catecholamine-related genes and personality traits. However, the results of replication studies did not always coincide. One of the possible reasons may be that the effect exerted by the individual gene is small. In the present study, we investigated the association between personality traits and systematic combination of functional polymorphisms in three genes that regulate the metabolism of catecholamines, namely, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The (TCAT)n repeat in the TH gene, the promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the MAOA gene, and Val158Met in the COMT gene were genotyped in 256 healthy Japanese volunteers. Personality traits were evaluated using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R). As a result, the score for Neuroticism increased, and those for Extraversion and Conscientiousness decreased according to the degree of functional polymorphic change, i.e., the lower synthesis/higher catalysis of catecholamines. A statistically significant difference was observed in the change of Extraversion (p=0.04, after Bonferroni correction). These results may provide evidence for the association between metabolic change of catecholamines and personality traits, which may be due to the additive effect of the three genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tochigi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Olivier B, van Oorschot R. 5-HT1B receptors and aggression: A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 526:207-17. [PMID: 16310769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic (5-HT) system in the brain is involved in the modulation of offensive aggressive behavior. The dogma that activity of the 5-HT system is inversely related to aggression is obsolete now. Research on the status of the 5-HT system before, during and after the execution of aggression is ongoing but has not yet led to a clear picture about the actual functional role of the 5-HT system, the more because state versus trait aggression seems to play a pivotal role in the outcome. Pharmacological challenges pinpoint 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptors as key players in the modulation of offensive aggression. This review emphasizes in particular the role of postsynaptic 5-HT(1B) (hetero) receptors as a premier site to modulate offensive aggression. Modulation of the firing and 5-HT release of the serotonergic neuron, via presynaptic 5-HT(1A) (auto) receptors, presynaptic 5-HT(1B) (auto) receptors and serotonergic transporters, may also have striking influences on aggression under certain conditions. Therefore, it is hypothesized that postsynaptic 5-HT(1B) (hetero) receptors directly influence the executive, consummatory phases of agonistic behavior, whereas presynaptic serotonergic feedback systems are particularly useful in the introductory (appetitive) phases of the agonistic behavioral complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend Olivier
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, The Netherlands.
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Brown C, Jones F, Braithwaite V. In situ examination of boldness–shyness traits in the tropical poeciliid, Brachyraphis episcopi. Anim Behav 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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