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Crovetto L, Venn AA, Sevilgen D, Tambutté S, Tambutté E. Spatial variability of and effect of light on the cœlenteron pH of a reef coral. Commun Biol 2024; 7:246. [PMID: 38424314 PMCID: PMC10904758 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs, the largest bioconstruction on Earth, are formed by calcium carbonate skeletons of corals. Coral skeleton formation commonly referred to as calcification occurs in a specific compartment, the extracellular calcifying medium (ECM), located between the aboral ectoderm and the skeleton. Calcification models often assume a direct link between the surrounding seawater and the ECM. However, the ECM is separated from the seawater by several tissue layers and the cœlenteron, which contains the cœlenteric fluid found in both polyps and cœnosarc (tissue connecting the polyps). Symbiotic dinoflagellate-containing cells line the cœlenteron and their photosynthetic activity contributes to changes in the chemistry of the cœlenteric fluid, particularly with respect to pH. The aim of our study is to compare cœlenteron pH between the cœnosarc and polyps and to compare areas of high or low dinoflagellate density based on tissue coloration. To achieve this, we use liquid ion exchange (LIX) pH microsensors to profile pH in the cœlenteron of polyps and the cœnosarc in different regions of the coral colony in light and darkness. We interpret our results in terms of what light and dark exposure means for proton gradients between the ECM and the coelenteron, and how this could affect calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Crovetto
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco
- Sorbonne Université - ED 515 Complexité du Vivant, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexander A Venn
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco
| | - Duygu Sevilgen
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco.
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000, Monaco
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Iijima M, Yasumoto J, Mori-Yasumoto K, Yasumoto-Hirose M, Iguchi A, Suzuki A, Mizusawa N, Jimbo M, Watabe S, Yasumoto K. Visualisation of Phosphate in Subcalicoblastic Extracellular Calcifying Medium and on a Skeleton of Coral by Using a Novel Probe, Fluorescein-4-Isothiocyanate-Labelled Alendronic Acid. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:524-530. [PMID: 35460469 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The overload of nutrients of anthropogenic origin, including phosphate, onto coastal waters has been reported to have detrimental effects on corals. However, to the best of our knowledge, the phosphate concentration threshold for inhibiting coral calcification is unclear owing to a lack of information on the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effect of phosphate. Therefore, in this study, we prepared a new phosphate analogue, fluorescein-4-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled alendronic acid (FITC-AA), from commercially available reagents and used it as a novel probe to demonstrate its transfer pathway from ambient seawater into Acropora digitifera. When the juveniles at 1 d post-settlement were treated with FITC-AA in a laboratory tank, this phosphate analogue was found in the subcalicoblastic extracellular calcifying medium (SCM) and was absorbed on the basal plate in the juveniles within a few minutes. When the juveniles bear zooxanthellae at 3 months post-settlement, FITC-AA was observed on the corallite walls within a few minutes after adding ambient seawater. We concluded that FITC-AA in ambient seawater was transferred via a paracellular pathway to SCM and then absorbed on the coral CaCO3 skeletons because FITC-AA with a high polarity group cannot permeate through cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Iijima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Jun Yasumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagusuku, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kanami Mori-Yasumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | | | - Akira Iguchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
- Research Laboratory On Environmentally-Conscious Developments and Technologies [E-Code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
- Research Laboratory On Environmentally-Conscious Developments and Technologies [E-Code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Nanami Mizusawa
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Jimbo
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
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Venn AA, Bernardet C, Chabenat A, Tambutté E, Tambutté S. Paracellular transport to the coral calcifying medium: effects of environmental parameters. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb227074. [PMID: 32675232 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.227074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coral calcification relies on the transport of ions and molecules to the extracellular calcifying medium (ECM). Little is known about paracellular transport (via intercellular junctions) in corals and other marine calcifiers. Here, we investigated whether the permeability of the paracellular pathway varied in different environmental conditions in the coral Stylophora pistillata Using the fluorescent dye calcein, we characterised the dynamics of calcein influx from seawater to the ECM and showed that increases in paracellular permeability (leakiness) induced by hyperosmotic treatment could be detected by changes in calcein influx rates. We then used the calcein-imaging approach to investigate the effects of two environmental stressors on paracellular permeability: seawater acidification and temperature change. Under conditions of seawater acidification (pH 7.2) known to depress pH in the ECM and the calcifying cells of S. pistillata, we observed a decrease in half-times of calcein influx, indicating increased paracellular permeability. By contrast, high temperature (31°C) had no effect, whereas low temperature (20°C) caused decreases in paracellular permeability. Overall, our study establishes an approach to conduct further in vivo investigation of paracellular transport and suggests that changes in paracellular permeability could form an uncharacterised aspect of the physiological response of S. pistillata to seawater acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Venn
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - Coralie Bernardet
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - Apolline Chabenat
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
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Xu M, Sun T, Tang X, Lu K, Jiang Y, Cao S, Wang Y. Title: CO 2 and HCl-induced seawater acidification impair the ingestion and digestion of blue mussel Mytilus edulis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124821. [PMID: 31546185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions lead to seawater acidification that reportedly exerts deleterious impacts on marine organisms, especially on calcifying organisms such as mussels. A 21-day experiment focusing on the impacts of seawater acidification on the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was performed in this study, within which two acidifying treatments, CO2 enrichment and HCl addition, were applied. Two acidifying pH values (7.7 and 7.1) and the alteration of the key physiological processes of ingestion and digestion were estimated. To thoroughly investigate the impact of acidification on mussels, a histopathological study approach was adopted. The results showed that: (1) Seawater acidification induced either by CO2 enrichment or HCl addition impaired the gill structure. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results suggested that the most obvious impacts were inflammatory lesions and edema, while more distinct alterations, including endoplasmic reticulum edema, nuclear condensation and chromatin plate-like condensation, were placed in the CO2-treated groups compared to HCl-treated specimens. The ciliary activity of the CO2 group was significantly inhibited simultaneously, leading to an obstacle in food intake. (2) Seawater acidification prominently damaged the structure of digestive glands, and the enzymatic activities of amylase, protease and lipase significantly decreased, which might indicate that the digestion was suppressed. The negative impacts induced by the CO2 group were more severe than that by the HCl group. The present results suggest that acidification interferes with the processes of ingestion and digestion, which potentially inhibits the energy intake of mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Pilot Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Tianli Sun
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Beijing, 100194, China.
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Pilot Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Keyu Lu
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Yongshun Jiang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Sai Cao
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Pilot Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Pilot Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Iijima M, Yasumoto K, Yasumoto J, Yasumoto-Hirose M, Kuniya N, Takeuchi R, Nozaki M, Nanba N, Nakamura T, Jimbo M, Watabe S. Phosphate Enrichment Hampers Development of Juvenile Acropora digitifera Coral by Inhibiting Skeleton Formation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:291-300. [PMID: 30747372 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef degradation due to various local stresses, such as nutrient enrichment and terrestrial run-off into coastal waters, is an increasing global concern. Inorganic phosphates have been considered to possibly inhibit skeleton formation in corals. Despite many studies available on the effects of nutrients on corals, a clear consensus on how nutrients exert deteriorative effects on corals has not been established satisfactorily. In this study, we examined the effects of phosphates and nitrates on in vitro aragonite CaCO3 formation by using biogenic polyamines and in vivo aragonite formation in the skeleton of juvenile Acropora digitifera corals. We showed that the phosphates at similar concentrations clearly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo CaCO3 formation. In contrast, nitrates inhibited neither in vitro aragonite CaCO3 formation nor in vivo aragonite formation in juvenile coral skeleton. Furthermore, our findings showed that inhibition of coral skeleton formation was due to absorption of phosphate on the skeleton, which inorganically inhibited normal development of juvenile coral skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Iijima
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Jun Yasumoto
- Department of Regional Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagusuku, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | | | - Nami Kuniya
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ryota Takeuchi
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masashi Nozaki
- Department of Regional Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagusuku, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Nanba
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagusuku, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Jimbo
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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Effects of light and darkness on pH regulation in three coral species exposed to seawater acidification. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2201. [PMID: 30778093 PMCID: PMC6379376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The resilience of corals to ocean acidification has been proposed to rely on regulation of extracellular calcifying medium pH (pHECM), but few studies have compared the capacity of coral species to control this parameter at elevated pCO2. Furthermore, exposure to light and darkness influences both pH regulation and calcification in corals, but little is known about its effect under conditions of seawater acidification. Here we investigated the effect of acidification in light and darkness on pHECM, calcifying cell intracellular pH (pHI), calcification, photosynthesis and respiration in three coral species: Stylophora pistillata, Pocillopora damicornis and Acropora hyacinthus. We show that S. pistillata was able to maintain pHECM under acidification in light and darkness, but pHECM decreased in P. damicornis and A. hyacinthus to a much greater extent in darkness than in the light. Acidification depressed calcifying cell pHI in all three species, but we identified an unexpected positive effect of light on pHI. Calcification rate and pHECM decreased together under acidification, but there are inconsistencies in their relationship indicating that other physiological parameters are likely to shape how coral calcification responds to acidification. Overall our study reveals interspecies differences in coral regulation of pHECM and pHI when exposed to acidification, influenced by exposure to light and darkness.
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Sevilgen DS, Venn AA, Hu MY, Tambutté E, de Beer D, Planas-Bielsa V, Tambutté S. Full in vivo characterization of carbonate chemistry at the site of calcification in corals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7447. [PMID: 30746460 PMCID: PMC6357752 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reef-building corals form their calcium carbonate skeletons within an extracellular calcifying medium (ECM). Despite the critical role of the ECM in coral calcification, ECM carbonate chemistry is poorly constrained in vivo, and full ECM carbonate chemistry has never been characterized based solely on direct in vivo measurements. Here, we measure pHECM in the growing edge of Stylophora pistillata by simultaneously using microsensors and the fluorescent dye SNARF-1, showing that, when measured at the same time and place, the results agree. We then conduct microscope-guided microsensor measurements of pH, [Ca2+], and [CO3 2-] in the ECM and, from this, determine [DIC]ECM and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag), showing that all parameters are elevated with respect to the surrounding seawater. Our study provides the most complete in vivo characterization of ECM carbonate chemistry parameters in a coral species to date, pointing to the key role of calcium- and carbon-concentrating mechanisms in coral calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu S. Sevilgen
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco
- Corresponding author. (S.T.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Venn
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Marian Y. Hu
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 5, DE 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, DE 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Víctor Planas-Bielsa
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Polar Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco
- Laboratoire International Associé LIA 647 BioSensib (CSM-CNRS-Unistra), 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Marine Biology Department, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco
- Corresponding author. (S.T.); (D.S.S.)
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Le Goff C, Tambutté E, Venn AA, Techer N, Allemand D, Tambutté S. In vivo pH measurement at the site of calcification in an octocoral. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11210. [PMID: 28894174 PMCID: PMC5593875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcareous octocorals are ecologically important calcifiers, but little is known about their biomineralization physiology, relative to scleractinian corals. Many marine calcifiers promote calcification by up-regulating pH at calcification sites against the surrounding seawater. Here, we investigated pH in the red octocoral Corallium rubrum which forms sclerites and an axial skeleton. To achieve this, we cultured microcolonies on coverslips facilitating microscopy of calcification sites of sclerites and axial skeleton. Initially we conducted extensive characterisation of the structural arrangement of biominerals and calcifying cells in context with other tissues, and then measured pH by live tissue imaging. Our results reveal that developing sclerites are enveloped by two scleroblasts and an extracellular calcifying medium of pH 7.97 ± 0.15. Similarly, axial skeleton crystals are surrounded by cells and a calcifying medium of pH 7.89 ± 0.09. In both cases, calcifying media are more alkaline compared to calcifying cells and fluids in gastrovascular canals, but importantly they are not pH up-regulated with respect to the surrounding seawater, contrary to what is observed in scleractinians. This points to a potential vulnerability of this species to decrease in seawater pH and is consistent with reports that red coral calcification is sensitive to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le Goff
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - E Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - A A Venn
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - N Techer
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - D Allemand
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - S Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco, Monaco.
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