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Beydoun HA, Beydoun MA, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Saquib N, Manson JE, Snetselaar L, Weiss J, Zonderman AB, Brunner R. Depressive symptoms and antidepressant use in relation to white blood cell count among postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:157. [PMID: 38514652 PMCID: PMC10958010 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can play a role in the pathophysiology of depression, and specific types of antidepressants may have inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, depression and antidepressant use has been linked to white blood cell (WBC) count, a routinely measured inflammatory marker. We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of depressive symptoms and/or antidepressant use with WBC count among postmenopausal women. Analyses of cross-sectional data at enrollment were performed on 125,307 participants, 50-79 years of age, from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Studies who met eligibility criteria, and a subset of those with 3-year follow-up data were examined for longitudinal relationships. Depressive symptoms were defined using the Burnam Algorithm whereas antidepressant use was defined using therapeutic class codes. WBC count (Kcell/ml) was obtained through laboratory evaluations of fasting blood samples. Multivariable regression modeling was performed taking sociodemographic, lifestyle and health characteristics into consideration. At enrollment, nearly 85% were non-users of antidepressants with no depressive symptoms, 5% were antidepressant users with no depressive symptoms, 9% were non-users of antidepressants with depressive symptoms, and 2% were users of antidepressants with depressive symptoms. In fully-adjusted models, cross-sectional relationships were observed whereby women in the 2nd (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13), 3rd (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) or 4th (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) quartiles of WBC count were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms, and women in the 4th quartile were more likely to be users of antidepressants (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.15), compared to women in the 1st quartile. Compared to women who exhibited no depressive symptoms at either visit, those with consistent depressive symptoms at enrollment and at 3-year follow-up had faster decline in WBC count (β = -0.73, 95% CI: -1.33, -0.14) over time. No significant bidirectional relationships were observed between changes in depressive symptoms score and WBC count over time. In conclusion, depressive symptoms and/or antidepressant use were cross-sectionally related to higher WBC counts among postmenopausal women. Further evaluation of observed relationships is needed in the context of prospective cohort studies involving older adult men and women, with repeated measures of depression, antidepressant use, and WBC count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of Demography, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Brunner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine (Emeritus), School of Medicine, University of Nevada (Reno), Reno, NV, USA
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Sealock JM, Chen G, Davis LK. Anti-Inflammatory Action of Antidepressants: Investigating the Longitudinal Effect of Antidepressants on White Blood Cell Count. Complex Psychiatry 2023; 9:1-10. [PMID: 36743422 PMCID: PMC9892923 DOI: 10.1159/000528605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antidepressants have documented anti-inflammatory effects on pro-inflammatory biomarkers. However, the long-term effects of antidepressants on inflammatory markers and the effects of different antidepressant classes on pro-inflammatory biomarkers are largely unexplored. Here, we evaluate the short- and long-term effects of all antidepressant classes on a clinical immune marker, white blood cell count (WBC). Methods Using a retrospective study design, we extracted WBC count and prescription medications from electronic health records at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We created a longitudinal model to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of these medications on WBC count. We validated our longitudinal model using two known anti-inflammatory medications, biologic immunosuppressants, and chemotherapy, and one medication class without known immunomodulatory properties, contraceptives. We used the longitudinal model to determine the effects of antidepressant use on WBC count stratified by drug class. Results Biologic immunosuppressant and chemotherapy use was associated with decreased WBC count, but contraceptive use did not associate with changes in WBC count, validating our longitudinal modeling approach. All antidepressant classes were associated with decreased WBC count in the long-term cohorts. SSRI and atypical use also associated with decreased WBC count in the short-term cohort. Conclusions Using electronic health record data, we show all antidepressant classes exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on a clinical immune marker, WBC count. Additionally, our results indicate that in some cases the anti-inflammatory effects of antidepressants persist over at least a 1-year time frame. Our work contributes to the immunomodulatory knowledge of antidepressants and motivates future studies investigating alternative therapeutic routes for antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Sealock
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lea K. Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Lindley CL, Gigic B, Peoples AR, Han CJ, Lin T, Himbert C, Warby CA, Boehm J, Hardikar S, Ashworth A, Schneider M, Ulrich A, Schrotz-King P, Figueiredo JC, Li CI, Shibata D, Siegel EM, Toriola AT, Ulrich CM, Syrjala KL, Ose J. Pre-Surgery Inflammatory and Angiogenesis Biomarkers as Predictors of 12-Month Cancer-Related Distress: Results from the ColoCare Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:363-370. [PMID: 36595657 PMCID: PMC9991988 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with colorectal cancer commonly suffer from complex psychological distress. Elevated distress may be linked to systemic biomarkers. We investigated associations of biomarkers of inflammation and angiogenesis with cancer-related distress (CTXD) score. METHODS N = 315 patients (stage I-IV) from 2 centers of the ColoCare Study were included: Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Heidelberg. Biomarkers (e.g., IL6, VEGF-A, VEGF-D) were measured in serum collected pre-surgery and 12 months thereafter. The CTXD overall score and 4 subscales were collected 12 months after surgery and dichotomized to investigate biomarkers as predictors of distress 12 months after surgery; adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, tumor stage, center, and baseline levels of biomarkers. RESULTS Doubling of IL6 predicted future increased risk of overall distress [odds ratio (OR), 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.41; P = 0.03]. VEGF-A-predicted future increased risk of high family strain (VEGF-A: OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.44; P = 0.04) and VEGF-D was associated with medical and financial demands (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.74; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that systemic biomarkers are significantly associated with future CTXD score. Distress was not measured at baseline; we cannot rule out ongoing associations of inflammation and distress throughout treatment versus a direct effect of inflammation on distress. Nonetheless, these data add to evidence that biobehavioral processes interact and that systemic biomarkers are associated with cancer-related distress one year after surgery. IMPACT Exercise and diet interventions that lower systemic cytokine levels may impact longer-term CTXD score and improve quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anita R. Peoples
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84103 USA
| | - Claire J. Han
- University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tengda Lin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84103 USA
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84103 USA
| | | | - Juergen Boehm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84103 USA
| | | | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Städtische Kliniken Neuss, 84, 41464 Neuss, Germany
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christopher I. Li
- Clinical Research and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Erin M. Siegel
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, 33612 FL, USA
| | - Adetunji T. Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84103 USA
| | - Karen L. Syrjala
- Clinical Research and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84103 USA
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Bugge E, Wynn R, Mollnes TE, Reitan SK, Lapid M, Grønli OK. C-reactive protein levels and depression in older and younger adults - A study of 19,947 individuals. The Tromsø study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 27:100571. [PMID: 36583067 PMCID: PMC9793216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Bugge
- University Hospital of North Norway, Regional Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsoe, Norway,Corresponding author.
| | - Rolf Wynn
- UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Klæbo Reitan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Lapid
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Consultation, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Ole Kristian Grønli
- University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
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Beurel E, Medina-Rodriguez EM, Jope RS. Targeting the Adaptive Immune System in Depression: Focus on T Helper 17 Cells. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:373-386. [PMID: 35302045 PMCID: PMC8973514 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a vital need to understand mechanisms contributing to susceptibility to depression to improve treatments for the 11% of Americans who currently suffer from this debilitating disease. The adaptive immune system, comprising T and B cells, has emerged as a potential contributor to depression, as demonstrated in the context of lymphopenic mice. Overall, patients with depression have reduced circulating T and regulatory B cells, "immunosuppressed" T cells, and alterations in the relative abundance of T cell subtypes. T helper (Th) cells have the capacity to differentiate to various lineages depending on the cytokine environment, antigen stimulation, and costimulation. Regulatory T cells are decreased, and the Th1/Th2 ratio and the Th17 cells are increased in patients with depression. Evidence for changes in each Th lineage has been reported to some extent in patients with depression. However, the evidence is strongest for the association of depression with changes in Th17 cells. Th17 cells produce the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A, and the discovery of Th17 cell involvement in depression evolved from the well established link that IL-6, which is required for Th17 cell differentiation, contributes to the onset, and possibly maintenance, of depression. One intriguing action of Th17 cells is their participation in the gut-brain axis to mediate stress responses. Although the mechanisms of action of Th17 cells in depression remain unclear, neutralization of IL-17A by anti-IL-17A antibodies, blocking stress-induced production, or release of gut Th17 cells represent feasible therapeutic approaches and might provide a new avenue to improve depression symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Th17 cells appear as a promising therapeutic target for depression, for which efficacious therapeutic options are limited. The use of neutralizing antibodies targeting Th17 cells has provided encouraging results in depressed patients with comorbid autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (E.B., E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Miller School of Medicine (E.B., R.S.J.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida and Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida (E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.)
| | - Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (E.B., E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Miller School of Medicine (E.B., R.S.J.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida and Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida (E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.)
| | - Richard S Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (E.B., E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Miller School of Medicine (E.B., R.S.J.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida and Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida (E.M.M.-R., R.S.J.)
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Wu C. Bidirectional Association Between Depression and Hearing Loss: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:971-981. [PMID: 34486422 DOI: 10.1177/07334648211042370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between depression and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is not fully understood. This study tested the bidirectional associations between clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDSs) and ARHL in middle-aged and older adults using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Among 3,418 participants free of baseline ARHL, baseline CSDS was associated with an increased odds of incident ARHL (odds ratio [OR]: 1.51). Cognitive decline, BMI, and arthritis partially mediated the longitudinal CSDS-ARHL association and explained 24% of the variance in the total effect. Among 4,921 participants without baseline CSDS, baseline ARHL was associated with an increased odds of incident CSDS (OR: 1.37). The bidirectional associations remained significant after adjustments for baseline demographic factors, comorbidities, and other health-related covariates. Depression may contribute to the development of ARHL, and vice versa. Interventions in depression, cognitive decline, and arthritis may delay the onset of ARHL and break the vicious circle between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
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7
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Vos CF, Birkenhäger TK, Nolen WA, van den Broek WW, Coenen MJ, ter Hark SE, Verkes RJ, Janzing JG. Association of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and white blood cell count with response to pharmacotherapy in unipolar psychotic depression: An exploratory analysis. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100319. [PMID: 34423321 PMCID: PMC7611545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-grade inflammation occurs in a subgroup of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and may be associated with response to antidepressant medications. The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and total White Blood cell Count (WBC) are markers of systemic inflammation which have not been investigated as predictors for outcome to pharmacotherapy in unipolar depression yet. Moreover, the association between inflammation and treatment response has not been studied in unipolar Psychotic Depression (PD). We conducted an exploratory analysis to examine the prognostic significance of NLR and WBC in pharmacotherapy of PD. Methods Baseline NLR and WBC were examined in their association with response to seven weeks of treatment with antidepressants (venlafaxine or imipramine) and the combination of an antidepressant with an antipsychotic (venlafaxine plus quetiapine) in 87 patients with PD. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), depression severity, duration of the current episode and number of previous depressive episodes. Secondary outcomes were remission of depression and disappearance of psychotic symptoms. Results Higher NLR was associated with increased response to pharmacotherapy (Exp(B) 1.66, 95 % CI 1.03–2.66, p = 0.036), but not with remission of depression or disappearance of psychotic symptoms. WBC was not associated with any of the outcome measures. Conclusion NLR may be a novel, inexpensive and widely available biomarker associated with response to pharmacotherapy in PD. The association between white blood cell measures and treatment outcome should be further investigated for different types of antidepressants in PD and in non-psychotic MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis F. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Reinier Postlaan 10, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Tom K. Birkenhäger
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Willem A. Nolen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke J.H. Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie E. ter Hark
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert-Jan Verkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G.E. Janzing
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Kim HJ, Kim HR, Jin JC, Han DH, Kim SM. Body Mass Index and Somatic Symptom Severity in Patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder: The Mediating Role of Working Memory. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 19:361-366. [PMID: 33888665 PMCID: PMC8077058 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective In somatic symptom disorder (SSD), cognitive dysfunction is related to perceptive distortion that excessively amplifies bodily sensations. The association between high body mass index (BMI) and cognitive dysfunction could be attributed to underlying systemic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate whether patients with SSD and high BMI exhibit increased somatic symptom severity and whether this is mediated by cognitive dysfunction. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 patients with SSD (20 males/34 females, mean age ± standard deviation 40.65 ± 13.23 years). Participants’ BMI, laboratory data including complete blood count and lipid profile, results from the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, and scores of the Korean-Symptom Checklist 95-Somatization (SCL95-SOM) were analyzed. We performed a path analysis to evaluate BMI as a predictor of somatic symptoms. Results In a path analysis, the SCL95-SOM score was directly influenced by working memory (b = −0.326, p = 0.032), which was significantly influenced by BMI (b = −0.338, p = 0.009), although there was no direct effect of BMI on the SCL95-SOM score. The path analytic model showed a close fit to the data with the following values c2 (df) = 0.918 (1), p = 0.338, root mean square error of approximation = 0.000 (< 0.001), and comparative fit index = 1.00. Conclusion Patients with SSD and high BMI may exhibit increased somatic symptom severity, and this is mediated by working memory dysfunction. Weight management may help improve symptoms in patients with SSD and high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ri Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Chan Jin
- Department of Social Welfare, Graduate School of Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tavakoli A, Mirzababaei A, Sajadi F, Mirzaei K. Circulating inflammatory markers may mediate the relationship between low carbohydrate diet and circadian rhythm in overweight and obese women. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:87. [PMID: 33648476 PMCID: PMC7923314 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Low carbohydrate diet (LCD) can improve inflammation and obesity and also circadian rhythm disorders can lead to increased inflammation in obese individuals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between adherence of LCD and circadian rhythm mediated by inflammatory markers including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Galectin-3 in overweight and obese women. Methods 304 women affected by overweight and obesity were enrolled. We evaluated LCD scores by Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of 147 items. The morning-evening questionnaire (MEQ) was applied to evaluate the circadian rhythm. Biochemical parameters such as inflammatory markers and anthropometric components were assessed. Results There was a negative significant correlation between adherence of LCD and circadian rhythm status. In other words, as the LCD scores increased, the odds of circadian rhythm disturbance in intermediate group and morning type persons decreased compared to evening type. It was showed that, IL-1β and Galectin-3 in intermediate and morning type groups, destroyed the significance of this relationship and may be considered as mediating markers. Conclusion Adherence of LCD can improve the circadian rhythm by reducing levels of inflammatory markers and may be considered as a treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Tavakoli
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Sajadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Ernst M, Brähler E, Otten D, Werner AM, Tibubos AN, Reiner I, Wicke F, Wiltink J, Michal M, Nagler M, Münzel T, Wild PS, König J, Pfeiffer N, Borta A, Lackner KJ, Beutel ME. Inflammation predicts new onset of depression in men, but not in women within a prospective, representative community cohort. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2271. [PMID: 33500534 PMCID: PMC7838404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has been associated with increased inflammation. However, only few large-scale, prospective studies have evaluated whether inflammation leads to new cases of depression and whether this association can be found in men and women. Longitudinal data of N = 10,357 adult participants with no evidence of depression at baseline (based on Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), lifetime diagnoses, and current antidepressant medication) were evaluated for depression 5 years later. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to predict the onset of depression based on C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC). We used interaction terms and separate analyses in men and women to investigate gender-dependent associations. Based on both markers, inflammation was predictive of new cases of depression 5 years later, even when adjusting for sociodemographic, physical health, health behavior variables, and baseline depression symptoms. As established by interaction terms and separate analyses, inflammatory markers were predictive of depression in men, but not in women. Additional predictors of new onset of depression were younger age, loneliness, smoking (only in men), cancer and less alcohol consumption (only in women). The study indicates gender differences in the etiology of depressive disorders within the community, with a greater role of physical factors in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Ernst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniëlle Otten
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonia M Werner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana N Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iris Reiner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Wicke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltink
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Nagler
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Borta
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH Co KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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11
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The BXD21/TyJ recombinant inbred strain as a model for innate inflammatory response in distinct brain regions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13168. [PMID: 32759955 PMCID: PMC7406506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines affect the human brain, increasing the risk for mood and cognitive disorders. Such risk might be selective to brain-specific regions. Here, we determined whether BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mice strains are more suitable than C57BL/6J mice for the understanding of the relationship between antioxidant response and inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that inflammatory responses could be independent of antioxidant response and be inherent to brain-specific regions. This hypothesis will be addressed by the analyses of mRNA expression. We explored, at 7-months-of-age, the innate activation of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) mRNA in both male and female BXD84/RwwJ RI, BXD21/TyJ RI and control strain (C57BL/6J mice). We report that: (1) The cerebellum is more sensitive to antioxidant response in the BXD21/TyJ RI strain; (2) The cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum show increased levels of cytokines in the BXD21/TyJ RI strain; (3) The BXD RI strain has lower brain weight relative to control strain (C57BL/6 mice). In conclusion, our novel data show the utility of the BXD21/TyJ RI strain mice in offering mechanistic insight into Nrf2's role in the inflammatory system.
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12
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Fourrier C, Sampson E, Hori H, Schubert KO, Clark S, Mills NT, Baune BT. Exploratory study of association between blood immune markers and cognitive symptom severity in major depressive disorder: Stratification by body mass index status. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:242-251. [PMID: 32526448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have shown differences relative to healthy controls in blood inflammatory and immune markers. Meanwhile, MDD and comorbid obesity appear to present with distinct biological and symptom characteristics, categorised as "atypical" or "immunometabolic" depression, although the relevant underlying biological mechanisms are still uncertain. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to better characterise the relationship between peripheral blood immune markers and symptoms of MDD, as well as the extent to which body mass index (BMI) may alter this relationship. METHODS Linear regression analyses were performed between selected baseline characteristics including clinical scales and blood inflammatory markers in participants with MDD (n = 119) enrolled in the PREDDICT randomised controlled trial (RCT), using age, sex and BMI as covariates, and then stratified by BMI status. Specifically, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for symptom severity, Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) for functional impairment, Oxford Depression Questionnaire (ODQ) for emotional blunting, and THINC integrated tool (THINC-it) for cognitive function were considered as clinical measures. RESULTS There was a significant association between basophil count and THINC-it Codebreaker mean response time (associated with complex attention, perceptual motor, executive function, and learning and memory abilities) in overweight individuals and with THINC-it Trails total response time (associated with executive function ability) in moderately obese individuals, when controlling for age, sex, and years of education. No correlation was found between any tested blood markers and MADRS, CGI or ODQ clinical measures, regardless of BMI. DISCUSSION Although the present study is exploratory, the results suggest that targeting of the immune system and of metabolic parameters might confer benefits, specifically in patients with high BMI and experiencing cognitive impairment associated with MDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12617000527369p. Registered on 11 April 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Fourrier
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Sampson
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hikaru Hori
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu City, Japan
| | - K Oliver Schubert
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Northern Adelaide Mental Health Service, Salisbury, Australia
| | - Scott Clark
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalie T Mills
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Stonawski V, Roetner J, Goecke TW, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Kornhuber J, Kratz O, Moll GH, Eichler A, Heinrich H, Frey S. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Children Exposed to Nonpharmacologically Treated Prenatal Depressive Symptoms: Results From 2 Independent Cohorts. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720932146. [PMID: 32596638 PMCID: PMC7298426 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720932146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depressive symptoms are a common phenomenon during pregnancy and are related to negative outcomes for child development and health. Modifications in child DNA methylation are discussed as an underlying mechanism for the association between prenatal depressive symptoms and alterations in child outcomes. However, formerly reported genome-wide associations have yet to be replicated. METHODS In an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), alterations of DNA methylation related to maternal prenatal depressive symptoms were investigated in buccal cell samples from 174 children (n = 52 exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms; 6-9 years old) of the German longitudinal study FRAMES-FRANCES. Whole blood samples from the independent, age-comparable ARIES subsample of the ARIES/ALSPAC study (n = 641; n = 159 exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms; 7-8 years old) were examined as a confirmation sample. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. DNA methylation was analyzed with the Infinium Human Methylation 450k BeadChip. Modifications in single CpGs, regions, and biological pathways were investigated. Results were adjusted for age and birth outcomes as well as postnatal and current maternal depressive symptoms. Analyses were performed for the whole sample as well as separated for sex. RESULTS The EWAS yielded no differentially methylated CpG or region as well as no accordance between samples withstanding correction for multiple testing. In pathway analyses, no overlapping functional domain was found to be enriched for either sample. A comparison of current and former findings suggests some overlapping methylation modifications from infancy to childhood. Results suggest that there might be sex-specific differential methylation, which should be further investigated in additional studies. CONCLUSIONS The current, mainly nonsignificant, results challenge the assumption of consistent modifications of DNA methylation in children exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms. Despite the relatively small sample size used in this study, this lack of significant results may reflect diverse issues of environmental epigenetic studies, which need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Stonawski
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakob Roetner
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamme W Goecke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, RoMed Hospital Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunther H Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Eichler
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Frey
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Mondelli V, Vernon AC. From early adversities to immune activation in psychiatric disorders: the role of the sympathetic nervous system. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 197:319-328. [PMID: 31319436 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased peripheral levels of cytokines and central microglial activation have been reported in patients with psychiatric disorders. The degree of both innate and adaptive immune activation is also associated with worse clinical outcomes and poor treatment response in these patients. Understanding the possible causes and mechanisms leading to this immune activation is therefore an important and necessary step for the development of novel and more effective treatment strategies for these patients. In this work, we review the evidence of literature pointing to childhood trauma as one of the main causes behind the increased immune activation in patients with psychiatric disorders. We then discuss the potential mechanisms linking the experience of early life adversity (ELA) to innate immune activation. Specifically, we focus on the innervation of the bone marrow from sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as a new and emerging mechanism that has the potential to bridge the observed increases in both central and peripheral inflammatory markers in patients exposed to ELA. Experimental studies in laboratory rodents suggest that SNS activation following early life stress exposure causes a shift in the profile of innate immune cells, with an increase in proinflammatory monocytes. In turn, these cells traffic to the brain and influence neural circuitry, which manifests as increased anxiety and other relevant behavioural phenotypes. To date, however, very few studies have been conducted to explore this candidate mechanism in humans. Future research is also needed to clarify whether these pathways could be partially reversible to improve prevention and treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mondelli
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A C Vernon
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Kalinichenko LS, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Individual differences in inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms of stress-related mood disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100783. [PMID: 31415777 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emotional stress leads to the development of peripheral disorders and is recognized as a modifiable risk factor for psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. However, not all individuals develop the negative consequences of emotional stress due to different stress coping strategies and resilience to stressful stimuli. In this review, we discuss individual differences in coping styles and the potential mechanisms that contribute to individual vulnerability to stress, such as parameters of the immune system and oxidative state. Initial differences in inflammatory and oxidative processes determine resistance to stress and stress-related disorders via the alteration of neurotransmitter content in the brain and biological fluids. Differences in coping styles may serve as possible predictors of resistance to stress and stress-related disorders, even before stressful conditions. The investigation of natural variabilities in stress resilience may allow the development of new methods for preventive medicine and the personalized treatment of stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - J Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Moulton CD, Pickup JC, Rokakis AS, Amiel SA, Ismail K, Stahl D. The Prospective Association Between Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes Stratified by Sex. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1865-1872. [PMID: 31416899 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested whether inflammation is associated with worsening depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetes and examined whether sex moderated this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a prospective cohort study of people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, we measured depressive symptoms over a 2-year follow-up using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The independent variable was a composite inflammation burden score at diagnosis of diabetes, derived from hs-CRP, white cell count, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations. General linear models assessed 1) the association between overall inflammation burden and estimated marginal mean PHQ-9 score (ln transformed) at 2 years and 2) whether sex interacted with elevated inflammation burden (above-median score) in predicting change in PHQ-9 score. Models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol, HbA1c, antidepressants, anti-inflammatory medications, and baseline ln PHQ-9 score. RESULTS Of 1,174 people with complete inflammation data, mean (SD) age was 56.7 (11.0) years and 46.1% were of nonwhite ethnicity and 44.1% female. After full adjustment, inflammation burden was not associated with worsening ln PHQ-9 score (P = 0.65). However, female sex interacted with elevated inflammation in predicting higher 2-year ln PHQ-9 score (β = 0.32, P = 0.005), showing that the difference by inflammation burden in females was 0.32 larger than in males. In post hoc comparisons, ln PHQ-9 score was higher in females than males with elevated inflammation (P = 0.003) but not with low inflammation (P = 0.34) burden. CONCLUSIONS In type 2 diabetes, female sex confers specific vulnerability to the effects of inflammation on depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum D Moulton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K.
| | - John C Pickup
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Anna S Rokakis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, U.K
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17
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Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Leading a meaningful life at older ages and its relationship with social engagement, prosperity, health, biology, and time use. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1207-1212. [PMID: 30617082 PMCID: PMC6347683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814723116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense that one is living a worthwhile and meaningful life is fundamental to human flourishing and subjective well-being. Here, we investigate the wider implications of feeling that the things one does in life are worthwhile with a sample of 7,304 men and women aged 50 and older (mean 67.2 y). We show that independently of age, sex, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status, higher worthwhile ratings are associated with stronger personal relationships (marriage/partnership, contact with friends), broader social engagement (involvement in civic society, cultural activity, volunteering), less loneliness, greater prosperity (wealth, income), better mental and physical health (self-rated health, depressive symptoms, chronic disease), less chronic pain, less disability, greater upper body strength, faster walking, less obesity and central adiposity, more favorable biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, plasma fibrinogen, white blood cell count, vitamin D, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), healthier lifestyles (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep quality, not smoking), more time spent in social activities and exercising, and less time spent alone or watching television. Longitudinally over a 4-y period, worthwhile ratings predict positive changes in social, economic, health, and behavioral outcomes independently of baseline levels. Sensitivity analyses indicate that these associations are not driven by factors such as prosperity or depressive symptoms, or by outcome levels before the measurement of worthwhile ratings. The feeling that life is filled with worthwhile activities may promote healthy aging and help sustain meaningful social relationships and optimal use of time at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
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18
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Baek JH, Lee H, Myung W, Kim H, Choi YH, Kim DK, Hong KS, Choi H. The association between inflammatory markers and general psychological distress symptoms. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 56:9-12. [PMID: 30476675 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between low-grade inflammation measured using multiple common inflammatory markers and general psychological distress symptoms. METHOD A total of 68,463 Korean adults were included. White blood cell counts with differential count, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and rheumatoid factor were measured. General psychological distress symptoms were assessed using 18 questions of psychosocial well-being index short form (PWI-SF). RESULTS Among the eight inflammatory markers measured, WBC count, segmented neutrophil count, monocyte and CRP level were significantly and independently associated with broad psychological symptoms. In contrast, fibrinogen and ferritin showed a weak association with limited number of items. No significant association was detected with lymphocyte and RF. CONCLUSION General psychological distress symptoms were associated with multiple inflammatory markers in Korean adults. The association patterns differed by the types of inflammatory markers. Additional investigation into the relationship between general inflammatory markers and diverse psychological distress symptoms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Baek
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Choi
- Health Promotion Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Choi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Beydoun MA, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Poti J, Allen A, Beydoun HA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Longitudinal change in the diet's monetary value is associated with its change in quality and micronutrient adequacy among urban adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204141. [PMID: 30312298 PMCID: PMC6193582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reducing diet costs may lead to the selection of energy-dense foods, such as refined grains or foods high in added sugars and/or fats, which can lower overall dietary quality. We examined the longitudinal association between the monetary value of the diet (MVD) and the overall dietary quality across sex, race and income groups. Methods and findings Longitudinal data from 1,466 adult urban participants from Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were used. Healthy Eating Index–2010 (HEI–2010) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) were computed and a national food price database was used to estimate MVD. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted linking annual rates of change (Δ) in MVD to ΔHEI-2010 and ΔMAR, stratifying by sex, race and income groups. Among key findings, ΔHEI-2010 was comparable across socio-demographic groups, while ΔMAR was higher among women and individuals above poverty. Adjusting for key covariates, ΔMVD was positively associated with both ΔHEI-2010 and ΔMAR, and with a consistently stronger association among individuals above poverty, specifically for the total proteins and empty calories components of HEI-2010 and several nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs: vitamins C, E, B-6 and Zinc). ΔMVD-ΔMAR association was stronger in women, mainly influenced by ΔMVD’s positive associations with B-vitamins, copper, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus NARs. ΔMVD-Δvitamin D NAR’s positive relationship was stronger among Whites, while ΔMVD-Δvitamin B-12 NAR’s association was stronger among African-Americans. Conclusions In sum, a potential increase in MVD may have a stronger impact on dietary quality among urban adult women and above-poverty individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A. Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jennifer Poti
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Allyssa Allen
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Woodlawn, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hind A. Beydoun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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20
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Leukocyte count, systemic inflammation, and health status in older adults: a narrative review. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that elevated leukocyte count within the normal range can predict cardiovascular and total mortality in older adults. These findings are remarkable because this simple and common laboratory test is included in routine medical check-ups. It is well known that chronic systemic inflammation (inflammaging) is one of the hallmarks of aging and an important component of obesity-associated insulin resistance that can lead to type 2 diabetes and other health problems in both overweight individuals and elderly people. To understand the molecular mechanisms linking increased systemic inflammation with aging-associated diseases and elevated leukocyte counts in the elderly is to unravel the multiplicity of molecular factors and mechanisms involved in chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, the gradual accumulation of random molecular damage, age-related diseases, and the process of leukopoiesis. There are several possible mechanisms through which chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is associated with both higher leukocyte count and a greater risk of aging-associated conditions in older adults. For example, the IL-6 centric model predicts that this biomediator is involved in chronic systemic inflammation and leukopoiesis, thereby suggesting that elevated leukocyte count is a signal of poor health in older adults. Alternatively, an increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts can be a direct cause of cardiovascular events in the elderly. Interestingly, some authors assert that the predictive ability of elevated leukocyte counts with regard to cardiovascular and allcause mortality among older adults surpass the predictive value of total cholesterol. This review reports the recent findings on the links between elevated but normal leukocyte counts and the increased risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. The possible molecular mechanisms linking higher but normal leukocyte counts with increased risk of aging-associated diseases in the elderly are discussed here.
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Shafiee M, Tayefi M, Hassanian SM, Ghaneifar Z, Parizadeh MR, Avan A, Rahmani F, Khorasanchi Z, Azarpajouh MR, Safarian H, Moohebati M, Heidari-Bakavoli A, Esmaeili H, Nematy M, Safarian M, Ebrahimi M, Ferns GA, Mokhber N, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with white blood cell count and red cell distribution width: A sex-stratified analysis in a population-based study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 84:101-108. [PMID: 28697416 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are two common mood disorders that are both linked to systemic inflammation. Increased white blood cell (WBC) count and red cell distribution width (RDW) are associated with negative clinical outcomes in a wide variety of pathological conditions. WBC is a non-specific inflammatory marker and RDW is also strongly related to other inflammatory markers. Therefore, we proposed that there might be an association between these hematological inflammatory markers and depression/anxiety symptoms. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between depression/anxiety symptoms and hematological inflammatory markers including WBC and RDW in a large population-based study. METHODS Symptoms of depression and anxiety and a complete blood count (CBC) were measured in 9274 participants (40% males and 60% females) aged 35-65 years, enrolled in a population-based cohort (MASHAD) study in north-eastern Iran. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. RESULTS The mean WBC count increased with increasing severity of symptoms of depression and anxiety among men. Male participants with severe depression had significantly higher values of RDW (p<0.001); however, this relationship was less marked among women (p=0.004). In addition, men (but not women) with severe anxiety symptoms had significantly higher values of RDW (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a negative association between red blood cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and symptoms of depression/anxiety. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that higher depression and anxiety scores are associated with an enhanced inflammatory state, as assessed by higher hematological inflammatory markers including WBC and RDW, even after adjusting for potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghaneifar
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Azarpajouh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Safarian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Heidari-Bakavoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibolah Esmaeili
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Management & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Naghmeh Mokhber
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Alam R, Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR. Microbiome, inflammation, epigenetic alterations, and mental diseases. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:651-660. [PMID: 28691768 PMCID: PMC9586840 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Major mental diseases such as autism, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder are debilitating illnesses with complex etiologies. Recent findings show that the onset and development of these illnesses cannot be well described by the one-gene; one-disease approach. Instead, their clinical presentation is thought to result from the regulative interplay of a large number of genes. Even though the involvement of many genes are likely, up regulating and activation or down regulation and silencing of these genes by the environmental factors play a crucial role in contributing to their pathogenesis. Much of this interplay may be moderated by epigenetic changes. Similar to genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA interference can influence gene expression and therefore may cause behavioral and neuronal changes observed in mental disorders. Environmental factors such as diet, gut microbiota, and infections have significant role in these epigenetic modifications. Studies show that bioactive nutrients and gut microbiota can alter either DNA methylation and histone signatures through a variety of mechanisms. Indeed, microbes within the human gut may play a significant role in the regulation of various elements of "gut-brain axis," via their influence on inflammatory cytokines and production of antimicrobial peptides that affect the epigenome through their involvement in generating short chain fatty acids, vitamin synthesis, and nutrient absorption. In addition, they may participate in-gut production of many common neurotransmitters. In this review we will consider the potential interactions of diet, gastrointestinal microbiome, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alam
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Hamid M. Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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23
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Repeated exposure to systemic inflammation and risk of new depressive symptoms among older adults. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1208. [PMID: 28809860 PMCID: PMC5611724 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on systemic inflammation as a risk factor for future depression is inconsistent, possibly due to a lack of regard for persistency of exposure. We examined whether being inflamed on multiple occasions increases risk of new depressive symptoms using prospective data from a population-based sample of adults aged 50 years or older (the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing). Participants with less than four of eight depressive symptoms in 2004/05 and 2008/09 based on the Eight-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale were analysed. The number of occasions with C-reactive protein ⩾3 mg l-1 over the same initial assessments (1 vs 0 occasion, and 2 vs 0 occasions) was examined in relation to change in depressive symptoms between 2008/09 and 2012/13 and odds of developing depressive symptomology (having more than or equal to four of eight symptoms) in 2012/13. In multivariable-adjusted regression models (n=2068), participants who were inflamed on 1 vs 0 occasion showed no increase in depressive symptoms nor raised odds of developing depressive symptomology; those inflamed on 2 vs 0 occasions showed a 0.10 (95% confidence intervals (CIs)=-0.07, 0.28) symptom increase and 1.60 (95% CI=1.00, 2.55) times higher odds. In further analyses, 2 vs 0 occasions of inflammation were associated with increased odds of developing depressive symptoms among women (odds ratio (OR)=2.75, 95% CI=1.53, 4.95), but not among men (OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.29, 1.68); P-for-sex interaction=0.035. In this cohort study of older adults, repeated but not transient exposure to systemic inflammation was associated with increased risk of future depressive symptoms among women; this subgroup finding requires confirmation of validity.
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24
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López-Granero C, Antunes Dos Santos A, Ferrer B, Culbreth M, Chakraborty S, Barrasa A, Gulinello M, Bowman AB, Aschner M. BXD recombinant inbred strains participate in social preference, anxiety and depression behaviors along sex-differences in cytokines and tactile allodynia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 80:92-98. [PMID: 28324704 PMCID: PMC5985819 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric disorders, representing a major public health concern. Dysregulation of oxidative and inflammatory systems may be associated with psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Due to the need to find appropriate animal models to the understanding of such disorders, we queried whether 2 BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mice strains (BXD21/TyJ RI and BXD84/RwwJ RI mice) and C57BL/6 wild-type mice show differential performance in depression and anxiety related behaviors and biomarkers. Specifically, we assessed social preference, elevated plus maze, forced swim, and Von Frey tests at 3-4 months-of-age, as well as activation of cytokines and antioxidant mRNA levels in the cortex at 7 months-of-age. We report that (1) the BXD84/RwwJ RI strain exhibits anxiety disorder and social avoidance-like behavior (2) BXD21/TyJ RI strain shows a resistance to depression illness, and (3) sex-dependent cytokine profiles and allodynia with elevated inflammatory activity were inherent to male BXD21/TyJ RI mice. In conclusion, we provide novel data in favor of the use of BXD recombinant inbred mice to further understand anxiety and depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caridad López-Granero
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Ciudad Escolar, 44003 Teruel, Spain.
| | | | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Megan Culbreth
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angel Barrasa
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Ciudad Escolar, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Maria Gulinello
- Behavioral Core Facility, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), and VU Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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