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Fan C, He N, Yuan J. Cascaded amplifying circuit enables sensitive detection of fungal pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116058. [PMID: 38281368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate detection of fungal pathogens is of utmost importance in the fields of healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring. In this study, we implemented a cascaded amplifying circuit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mediated fungal detection. The GPCR signaling pathway was coupled with the galactose-regulated (GAL) system and a positive feedback loop was implemented to enhance the performance of yeast biosensor. We systematically compared four generations of biosensors for detecting the mating pheromone of Candida albicans, and the best biosensor exhibited the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.25 pM and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 pM after 2 h incubation. Subsequently, we developed a betaxanthin-based colorimetric module for the easy visualization of signal outputs, and the resulting biosensors can give reliable naked-eye readouts. In summary, we demonstrated that cascaded amplifying circuits could substantially improve the engineered yeast biosensors with a better sensitivity and signal output magnitude, which will pave the way for their real-world applications in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Nike He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China; Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361005, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Ning Q, Feng S, Cheng Y, Li T, Cui D, Wang K. Point-of-care biochemical assays using electrochemical technologies: approaches, applications, and opportunities. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:310. [PMID: 35918617 PMCID: PMC9345663 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of hidden symptoms of diseases and limited medical resources of their investigation, in vitro diagnosis has become a popular mode of real-time healthcare monitoring. Electrochemical biosensors have considerable potential for use in wearable products since they can consistently monitor the physiological information of the patient. This review classifies and briefly compares commonly available electrochemical biosensors and the techniques of detection used. Following this, the authors focus on recent studies and applications of various types of sensors based on a variety of methods to detect common compounds and cancer biomarkers in humans. The primary gaps in research are discussed and strategies for improvement are proposed along the dimensions of hardware and software. The work here provides new guidelines for advanced research on and a wider scope of applications of electrochemical biosensors to in vitro diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Ning
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaoqing Feng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuemeng Cheng
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tangan Li
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kan Wang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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3
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Uchida T, Nakamura A, Shimazaki H, Kanie Y, Kanie O. Surface Modification of Porous Silica Particles with Carbohydrate Scaffolds as Receptor Components for Molecular Recognition. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100563. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Uchida
- Tokai University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Tokai Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Ayano Nakamura
- Tokai University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Tokai Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Hannah Shimazaki
- Tokai University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Tokai Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Yoshimi Kanie
- Tokai University - Shonan Campus: Tokai Daigaku Research Promotion Devision JAPAN
| | - Osamu Kanie
- Tokai University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Tokai Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Biochemistry 4-1-1 KitakanameHiratsuka 259-1292 Kanagawa JAPAN
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Abstract
Bioelectrocatalysis has become one of the most important research fields in electrochemistry and provided a firm base for the application of important technology in various bioelectrochemical devices, such as biosensors, biofuel cells, and biosupercapacitors. The understanding and technology of bioelectrocatalysis have greatly improved with the introduction of nanostructured electrode materials and protein-engineering methods over the last few decades. Recently, the electroenzymatic production of renewable energy resources and useful organic compounds (bioelectrosynthesis) has attracted worldwide attention. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the applications of enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis.
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Adachi T, Kitazumi Y, Shirai O, Kano K. Development Perspective of Bioelectrocatalysis-Based Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4826. [PMID: 32858975 PMCID: PMC7506675 DOI: 10.3390/s20174826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrocatalysis provides the intrinsic catalytic functions of redox enzymes to nonspecific electrode reactions and is the most important and basic concept for electrochemical biosensors. This review starts by describing fundamental characteristics of bioelectrocatalytic reactions in mediated and direct electron transfer types from a theoretical viewpoint and summarizes amperometric biosensors based on multi-enzymatic cascades and for multianalyte detection. The review also introduces prospective aspects of two new concepts of biosensors: mass-transfer-controlled (pseudo)steady-state amperometry at microelectrodes with enhanced enzymatic activity without calibration curves and potentiometric coulometry at enzyme/mediator-immobilized biosensors for absolute determination.
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Layered Double Hydroxide-Modified Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Glucose and Lactate Biosensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123453. [PMID: 32570942 PMCID: PMC7348845 DOI: 10.3390/s20123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) are developed for the selective detection of glucose and lactate. The transistor architecture provides signal amplification (gain) with respect to the simple amperometric response. The biosensors are based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) channel and the gate electrode is functionalised with glucose oxidase (GOx) or lactate oxidase (LOx) enzymes, which are immobilised within a Ni/Al Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) through a one-step electrodeposition procedure. The here-designed OECT architecture allows minimising the required amount of enzyme during electrodeposition. The output signal of the biosensor is the drain current (Id), which decreases as the analyte concentration increases. In the optimised conditions, the biosensor responds to glucose in the range of 0.1–8.0 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 mM. Two regimes of proportionality are observed. For concentrations lower than 1.0 mM, a linear response is obtained with a mean gain of 360, whereas for concentrations higher than 1.0 mM, Id is proportional to the logarithm of glucose concentration, with a gain of 220. For lactate detection, the biosensor response is linear in the whole concentration range (0.05–8.0 mM). A LOD of 0.04 mM is reached, with a net gain equal to 400.
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Kurbanoglu S, Ozkan SA, Merkoçi A. Nanomaterials-based enzyme electrochemical biosensors operating through inhibition for biosensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:886-898. [PMID: 27818056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years great progress has been made in applying nanomaterials to design novel biosensors. Use of nanomaterials offers to biosensing platforms exceptional optical, electronic and magnetic properties. Nanomaterials can increase the surface of the transducing area of the sensors that in turn bring an increase in catalytic behaviors. They have large surface-to-volume ratio, controlled morphology and structure that also favor miniaturization, an interesting advantage when the sample volume is a critical issue. Biosensors have great potential for achieving detect-to-protect devices: devices that can be used in detections of pollutants and other treating compounds/analytes (drugs) protecting citizens' life. After a long term focused scientific and financial efforts/supports biosensors are expected now to fulfill their promise such as being able to perform sampling and analysis of complex samples with interest for clinical or environment fields. Among all types of biosensors, enzymatic biosensors, the most explored biosensing devices, have an interesting property, the inherent inhibition phenomena given the enzyme-substrate complex formation. The exploration of such phenomena is making remarkably important their application as research and applied tools in diagnostics. Different inhibition biosensor systems based on nanomaterials modification has been proposed and applied. The role of nanomaterials in inhibition-based biosensors for the analyses of different groups of drugs as well as contaminants such as pesticides, phenolic compounds and others, are discussed in this review. This deep analysis of inhibition-based biosensors that employ nanomaterials will serve researchers as a guideline for further improvements and approaching of these devices to real sample applications so as to reach society needs and such biosensor market demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Rezaei B, Ghani M, Shoushtari AM, Rabiee M. Electrochemical biosensors based on nanofibres for cardiac biomarker detection: A comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 78:513-523. [PMID: 26657595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vital importance of early and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) to prevent the irreversible damage or even death of patients has driven the development of biosensor devices for detection and quantification of cardiac biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors offer rapid sensing, low cost, portability and ease of use. Over the past few years, nanotechnology has contributed to a tremendous improvement in the sensitivity of biosensors. In this review, the authors summarise the state-of-the-art of the application of one particular type of nanostructured material, i.e. nanofibres, for use in electrochemical biosensors for the ultrasensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers. A new way of classifying the nanofibre-based electrochemical biosensors according to the electrical conductance and the type of nanofibres is presented. Some key data from each article reviewed are highlighted, including the mechanism of detection, experimental conditions and the response range of the biosensor. The primary aim of this review is to emphasise the prospects for nanofibres for the future development of biosensors in diagnosis of CVDs as well as considering how to improve their characteristics for application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rezaei
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Ghani
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mousavi Shoushtari
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Highly sensitive and selective uric acid biosensor based on a three-dimensional graphene foam/indium tin oxide glass electrode. Anal Biochem 2015; 488:22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Neikov A, Entcheva E, Krysteva M, Yotova L. Amperometric Biosensor with “Liquid” Enzyme Membrane. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.1994.10818778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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12
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Ettlinger J, Schenk JA, Micheel B, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Gajovic-Eichelmann N. A Direct Competitive Homogeneous Immunoassay for Progesterone - the Redox Quenching Immunoassay. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Stabilization of a highly active but unstable alcohol dehydrogenase from yeast using immobilization and post-immobilization techniques. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Enhancement of electrochemical properties of screen-printed carbon electrodes by oxygen plasma treatment. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Müller HG. Biocatalytic Hydroxylations Catalyzed by Cytochromes P-450—Problems and Prospects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429008998183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-G. Müller
- Central Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the GDR, DDR-1115, Berlin-Buch, GDR
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16
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Danelon C, Terrettaz S, Guenat O, Koudelka M, Vogel H. Probing the function of ionotropic and G protein-coupled receptors in surface-confined membranes. Methods 2008; 46:104-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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17
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Hsu CL, Chang KS, Kuo JC. Determination of hydrogen peroxide residues in aseptically packaged beverages using an amperometric sensor based on a palladium electrode. Food Control 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Development of a novel method for detecting the integrity of aseptic paperboard laminate packages containing aluminium foil. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Kauffmann JM, Guilbault GG. Enzyme electrode biosensors: theory and applications. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 36:63-113. [PMID: 1552869 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110577.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Kauffmann
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Pharmacie, Belgium
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Yuan CJ, Hsu CL, Wang SC, Chang KS. Eliminating the Interference of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid to the Amperometric Glucose Biosensor by Cation Exchangers Membrane and Size Exclusion Membrane. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Kwan RCH, Leung HF, Hon PYT, Cheung HCF, Hirota K, Renneberg R. Amperometric biosensor for determining human salivary phosphate. Anal Biochem 2005; 343:263-7. [PMID: 15993373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric biosensor was constructed for analysis of human salivary phosphate without sample pretreatment. The biosensor was constructed by immobilizing pyruvate oxidase (PyOD) on a screen-printed electrode. The presence of phosphate in the sample causes the enzymatic generation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which was monitored by a potentiostat and was in proportion to the concentration of human salivary phosphate. The sensor shows response within 2s after the addition of standard solution or sample and has a short recovery time (2 min). The time required for one measurement using this phosphate biosensor was 4 min, which was faster than the time required using a commercial phosphate testing kit (10 min). The sensor has a linear range from 7.5 to 625 microM phosphate with a detection limit of 3.6 microM. A total of 50 salivary samples were collected for the determination of phosphate. A good level of agreement (R(2)=0.9646) was found between a commercial phosphate testing kit and the phosphate sensor. This sensor maintained a high working stability (>85%) after 12h operation and required only a simple operation procedure. The amperometric biosensor using PyOD is a simple and accurate tool for rapid determinations of human salivary phosphate, and it explores the application of biosensors in oral and dental research and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C H Kwan
- Sino-German Nano-Analytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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22
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Lee Y, Liu S, Chang K. A Novel Method for Determination of Cattle Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in Liquid with Quartz Crystal Microbalance Immunosensor. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200045133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kwan RCH, Leung HF, Hon PYT, Barford JP, Renneberg R. A screen-printed biosensor using pyruvate oxidase for rapid determination of phosphate in synthetic wastewater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 66:377-83. [PMID: 15300421 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A screen-printed phosphate biosensor based on immobilized pyruvate oxidase (PyOD, E.C. 1.2.3.3) has been developed for monitoring phosphate concentrations in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. The enzyme was immobilized by a nafion matrix and covered a poly(carbamoyl) sulfonate (PCS) hydrogel on a screen-printed electrode. PyOD consumes phosphate in the presence of pyruvate and oxygen and generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), carbon dioxide and acetylphosphate. The electroactive H2O2, monitored at +420 mV vs Ag/AgCl, is generated in proportion to the concentration of phosphate. The sensor has a fast response time (2 s) and a short recovery period (2 min). The time required for one measurement using this phosphate biosensor was 4 min, which was faster than the time required using a commercial phosphate testing kit (10 min). The sensor has a linear range from 7.5 microM to 625 microM phosphate with a detection limit of 3.6 microM. There was good agreement (R2=0.9848) between the commercial phosphate testing kit and the phosphate sensor in measurements of synthetic wastewater in a SBR system. This sensor maintained a high working stability (>85%) after 12 h of operation and involved a simple operation procedure. It therefore serves as a useful tool for rapid and accurate phosphate measurements in the SBR system and probably for process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C H Kwan
- Sino-German Nano-Analytical Lab (SiGNAL), Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Mak WC, Chan C, Barford J, Renneberg R. Biosensor for rapid phosphate monitoring in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:233-7. [PMID: 14611759 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A thick-film phosphate biosensor based on hydrogel immobilized pyruvate oxidase (POD) has been developed for rapid phosphate process control monitoring in an experimental sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. We have employed a phosphate biosensor in an off-line monitoring of phosphate concentrations in a bench scale SBR. Measurements with biosensor show a good correlation (r2=0.98) with those of commercial colorimetric phosphate testing kits. The signal response time was 1 min with a detection limit of 5 microM. The biosensor method showed a good operational stability, needed less experimental procedures and a small sample size (approximately 20 microl). This allows its practical application for rapid phosphate measurements to obtain real time process data in a SBR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Cheung Mak
- Sino-German Nano-Analytical Lab (SiGNAL), Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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25
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Favero G, Campanella L, D'Annibale A, Santucci R, Ferri T. Mixed hybrid bilayer lipid membrane incorporating valinomycin: improvements in preparation and functioning. Microchem J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(02)00179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Determination of glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity in clinical specimens using a biosensor composed of immobilized l-glutamate oxidase in a photo-crosslinkable polymer membrane on a palladium-deposited screen-printed carbon electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Subrahmanyam S, Piletsky SA, Turner APF. Application of natural receptors in sensors and assays. Anal Chem 2002; 74:3942-51. [PMID: 12199559 DOI: 10.1021/ac025673+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are analytical devices that use a biological or biologically derived material immobilized at a physicochemical transducer to measure one or more analytes. Although there are a large number of reviews on biosensors in general, there has been little systematic information presented on the application of natural receptors in sensor technology. This perspective discusses broadly the fundamental properties of natural receptors, which make them an attractive option for use as biorecognition elements in sensor technology. It analyses the current situation by reference to typical examples, such as the application of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and G protein-linked receptors in affinity sensors and analyses the problems that need to be resolved prior to any commercialization of such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Subrahmanyam
- Institute of BioScience and Technology, Cranfield University at Silsoe, Bedfordshire, UK
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28
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Wang J, Chen L, Liu J. Critical comparison of metallized and mediator-based carbon paste glucose biosensors. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Abstract
In practical applications biosensors are often forced to operate under less than optimal conditions. Because of their construction, and the physical processes and chemical reactions involved in their operation, compromise conditions are frequently required to synchronize all events taking place. Therefore, and in order to implement functions such as periodic calibration, conditioning and possible regeneration of the biosensor, and, very importantly, to yield the freedom to select the optimum detection means, it is advantageous to use these devices in a flow-through mode, particularly by employing the flow injection (FI) approach. The capacity of FI, as offering itself as a complementary facility to augment the performance of biosensors, and in many cases as an attractive alternative, is demonstrated by reference to selected examples, comprising assays based on enzymatic procedures with optical and thermal detection procedures, and via description of a recently introduced technique for immunoassays, termed flow injection renewable surface immunoassays, which promises to entail powerful potentials and to yield compatible or better economy of operation than existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Hansen
- Chemistry Department A, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract
This review discusses current developments in biosensors for toxic materials of defence interest with particular emphasis on the biological element of such devices. A wide variety of synthetic chemicals, toxins of plant or animal origin and biological materials--including various disease micro-organisms as well as some bacterial exotoxins--have either been used as warfare agents or are perceived as having the potential to be used for that purpose. Although an enormous effort is being put into developing biosensors, relatively few analytes, especially toxic materials, can yet be measured by commercially available devices. The factors which currently mitigate against the use of enzyme, natural receptor or antibody based biosensors for unattended continuous environmental monitoring of toxic materials include the inherent instability and availability of suitable proteins and--for receptors and antibodies--the essentially irreversible nature of the binding event, which necessitates a continuous supply of reagents for sequential measurements. Assays involving antibody or DNA based biosensors are time consuming when working in a hazardous environment. Nevertheless, biosensors are capable of being used for extremely sensitive and specific on-site measurements of contamination by specific toxic materials. Methods for improving the stability, extending the range and altering the binding characteristics of sensing molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Paddle
- DSTO, Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hutchinson AM. Evanescent wave biosensors. Real-time analysis of biomolecular interactions. Mol Biotechnol 1995; 3:47-54. [PMID: 7606504 DOI: 10.1007/bf02821334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors, based on evanescent wave technology, are analytical devices that measure the interactions between biomolecules in real time, without the need for any labels. Specific ligands are immobilized to a sensor surface, and a solution of receptor or antibody is injected over the top. Binding is measured by recording changes in the refractive index, caused by the molecules interacting near the sensor surface within the evanescent field. Evanescent wave-based biosensors are being used to study an increasing number of applications in the life sciences, including the binding and dissociation kinetics of antibodies and receptor-ligand pairs, protein-DNA and DNA-DNA interactions, epitope mapping, phage display libraries, and whole cell- and virus-protein interactions. There are currently four commercially available evanescent wave biosensors on the market. This article describes the technology behind their sensing techniques, as well as the range of applications in which they are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hutchinson
- Department of Natural Products, Glaxo Research and Development Ltd., Greenford, Middlesex, UK
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Hart JP, Wring SA. Screen-printed voltammetric and amperometric electrochemical sensors for decentralized testing. ELECTROANAL 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Scheper T, Brandes W, Maschke H, Plötz F, Müller C. Two FIA-based biosensor systems studied for bioprocess monitoring. J Biotechnol 1993; 31:345-56. [PMID: 7764442 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(93)90079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two different FIA-based biosensor systems are described for application to different biotechnologically relevant purposes. In the first system, single fiber optodes were used to determine the pH, urea and penicillin V concentrations. A two-channel system was developed for the simultaneous monitoring of different variables to increase the analysis accuracy. This system was used for monitoring the penicillin V concentration during a cultivation of Penicillium chrysogenum. The second system described is a calorimetric immunoassay based on the use of an enzyme thermistor. A sandwich assay with protein A immobilized on a solid support for the determination of various IgGs was established. A fusion protein of protein A and beta-galactosidase obtained from a recombinant E. coli strain was used in the labelling and detection reaction. This system is designed for future application in bioprocess monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Scheper
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Hannover, Germany
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Hansen EH, Gundstrup M, Mikkelsen HS. Determination of minute amounts of ATP by flow injection analysis using enzyme amplification reactions and fluorescence detection. J Biotechnol 1993; 31:369-80. [PMID: 7764444 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(93)90081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A flow-injection system for assay of trace levels of ATP is described that incorporates a small column reactor containing co-immobilized hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In the presence of appropriate cofactors, ATP is by the synergistic operation of the enzymes repeatedly recycled, resulting in substrate amplification. The ultimately generated NADH is measured fluorometrically. By this approach, where the enzymatic degradation step and the detection step are completely separated, it is possible to operate them individually under optimal conditions. The amplification factor is directly proportional to the residence time of the sample zone within the enzyme reactor, which time might be manipulated by altering the flow-rate and in the extreme by performing stopped-flow experiments. Amplification factors between 15 and 1000 were obtained, but it was found that increased amplifications did not lead to significantly lower detection limits; thus, it appears that a practical lower limit of detection is of the order of 1-5 nM. An investigation of this paradoxical feature, and a possible explanation for it, is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Hansen
- Chemistry Department A, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby
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Toniolo R, Bontempelli G, Schiavon G, Zotti G. Effect of the sample ionic strength on the preconcentration attained in ion exchange voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80511-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Uhegbu CE, Pardue HL, Love MD, Toosi S. Transient data to predict steady-state responses for enzyme-based reactor-sensor systems. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)85014-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang J, Ciszewski A, Naser N. Stripping measurements of hydrogen peroxide based on biocatalytic accumulation at mediatorless peroxidase/carbon paste electrodes. ELECTROANAL 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
This article reviews the recent biosensor developments for medical applications, focusing on the various biological recognition elements used in biosensors and the systems transduction mechanisms. Available instruments utilizing biosensor technology are also examined from a commercial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Roe
- Teknekron Sensor Development Corporation, Menlo Park, California 94025
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The polycrystalline fluoride ion-selective electrode and horseradish peroxidase—an alternative electrochemical biosensor? Biosens Bioelectron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-5663(92)90028-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rogers KR, Eldefrawi ME, Menking DE, Thompson RG, Valdes JJ. Pharmacological specificity of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor optical sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 1991; 6:507-16. [PMID: 1910671 DOI: 10.1016/0956-5663(91)85048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological specificity of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) optical biosensor was investigated using three fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged neurotoxic peptides that vary in the reversibility of their receptor inhibition: alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT), alpha-Naja toxin (alpha-NT), and alpha-conotoxin (GI) (alpha-CNTX). Kinetic analysis of the time course of binding of FITC-neurotoxins to the nAChR-coated fiber gave association rate constants (k+1) of 8.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-BGT, 6.0 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-NT and 1.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-CNTX. The dissociation rate constants (k-1) for the three neurotoxins were 7.9 x 10(-3) min-1. 4.8 x 10(-2) min-1 and 8.0 x 10(-1) min-1 for FITC-alpha-BGT. FITC-alpha-NT and FITC-alpha-CNTX, respectively. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) values for the three toxins. calculated from these rare constants, were similar to published values obtained from tissue responses or ligand binding assays. The optical signal generated by FITC-alpha-NT binding to the nAChR-coated fiber was effectively quenched by agonists and antagonists of the nAChR but not by most of the tested agonists and antagonists of muscarinic cholinergic, adrenergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic or GABAergic receptors. Interestingly, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, haloperidol and (+)cis-methyldioxolane gave significant inhibition of FITC-alpha-NT binding to the immobilized receptor. Equilibrium constants of inhibition (Ki) for d-tubocurarine (d-TC) and carbamylcholine (carb) were determined from competition studies using FITC-alpha-CNTX. FITC-alpha-NT or FITC-alpha-BGT as probes for receptor occupancy. When the more reversible probe FITC-alpha-CNTX was used, the Ki value for d-TC was an order of magnitude lower than those determined using the less reversible probes. Ki values for carb however, were independent of the FITC-toxin probe used.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Rogers
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201
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Scheper T, Brandes W, Grau C, Hundeck H, Reinhardt B, Rüther F, Plötz F, Schelp C, Schügerl K, Schneider K, Giffhorn F, Rehr B, Sahm H. Applications of biosensor systems for bioprocess monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(91)87004-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brooks JL, Mirhabibollahi B, Kroll RG. Sensitive enzyme-amplified electrical immunoassay for protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus in foods. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:3278-84. [PMID: 2268148 PMCID: PMC184942 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.11.3278-3284.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An amperometric electrochemical immunoassay specific for protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus was developed. The method was based on a sandwich immunosorbent assay and incorporated an enzyme amplification step, using a NAD-specific redox cycle generating NADH (C. H. Stanley, A. Johannsson, and C. H. Self, J. Immunol. Methods 83:89-95, 1985). Reduction of the mediator, ferricyanide, was dependent on the initial concentration of antigen. The final potential was measured by using a Pt disk electrode polarized at +0.8 V to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The assay was rapid (4 h) and generated protein A- and cell (S. aureus)-dependent signals. The system was highly sensitive and could detect 10 pg of protein A ml-1 and less than 100 CFU of S. aureus ml-1. Similar sensitivities were observed with S. aureus cultures inoculated into beef and milk, but the sensitivity was reduced slightly (ca. 10(3) g-1) with samples of Cheddar cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Brooks
- Department of Microbiology, Agricultural and Food Research Council Institute of Food Research, Shinfield, Reading, United Kingdom
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Peng GW, Chiou WL. Analysis of drugs and other toxic substances in biological samples for pharmacokinetic studies. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 531:3-50. [PMID: 2258421 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the role of analysis of drugs and other toxic substances in biological samples (bioanalysis) in medicine, toxicology, pharmacology, forensic science, environmental research and other biomedical disciplines is self-evident. Among these disciplines, bioanalysis plays a special pivotal role in pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetic parameters, such as half-life, volume of distribution, clearance and bioavailability, of drugs and other compounds are derived from the concentrations of these analytes assayed in the biological samples collected at specified time points. The capability of analysts to develop sensitive and specific analytical methods for the assay of low concentrations of drugs and other toxic compounds in small amounts of biological samples has contributed significantly to the theoretical advances in pharmacokinetics and its applications in clinical pharmacology and the management of drug therapy in patients. The increased demands for pharmacokinetic applications in turn have stimulated the innovation and improvement in bioanalytical technologies. The reliability of the pharmacokinetic conclusions depends on the accuracy and precision of the analytical methods employed to assay the biological samples. Factors that affect the integrity of the bioanalytical data should therefore be controlled in analysis of biological samples for pharmacokinetics studies. The biological samples for drug concentration determination should be collected as specified in the study protocol with respect to the time and site of sampling. These samples should be processed to avoid extraneous interactions between the analytes and sampling devices or additives resulting in the redistribution of the analytes between components of the biological samples, such as displacement of drug binding and changes in the distribution of the analytes between plasma and red blood cells. The stability of the drugs and other analytes in the samples should also be evaluated to establish the conditions suitable for the transportation and storage of the samples to avoid chemical, photochemical and enzymatic degradation of the analytes. Various technologies have been utilized to assay biological samples for pharmacokinetic studies. The most frequently used are chromatography (high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography), immunoassays and mass spectrometry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Peng
- Drug Metabolism Research, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001
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Hansen EH, Arndal A, N⊘rgaard L. Exploitation of the Flow Injection Approach for Analytical Procedures Based on Enzymatic Amplification Reactions. ANAL LETT 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719008052440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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