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Li N, Yu P, Liu Z, Tao J, Li L, Wang M, Wei H, Zhu Y, Deng Y, Kang H, Li Y, Li X, Liang J, Wang Y, Zhu J. Inverse association between maternal serum concentrations of trace elements and risk of spontaneous preterm birth: a nested case-control study in China. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1425-1435. [PMID: 38185814 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523003070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the joint effect of trace elements on spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). This study aimed to examine the relationships between the individual or mixed maternal serum concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr and Mo during pregnancy, and risk of SPTB. Inductively coupled plasma MS was employed to determine maternal serum concentrations of the six trace elements in 192 cases with SPTB and 282 controls with full-term delivery. Multivariate logistic regression, weighted quantile sum regression (WQSR) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to evaluate the individual and joint effects of trace elements on SPTB. The median concentrations of Sr and Mo were significantly higher in controls than in SPTB group (P < 0·05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, compared with the lowest quartile levels of individual trace elements, the third- and fourth-quartile Sr or Mo concentrations were significantly associated with reduced risk of SPTB with adjusted OR (aOR) of 0·432 (95 CI < 0·05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, compared with the lowest quartile levels of individual trace elements, the third- and fourth-quartile Sr or Mo concentrations were significantly associated with reduced risk of SPTB with adjusted aOR of 0·432 (95 % CI 0·247, 0·756), 0·386 (95 % CI 0·213, 0·701), 0·512 (95 % CI 0·297, 0·883) and 0·559 (95 % CI 0·321, 0·972), respectively. WQSR revealed the inverse combined effect of the trace elements mixture on SPTB (aOR = 0·368, 95 % CI 0·228, 0·593). BKMR analysis confirmed the overall mixture of the trace elements was inversely associated with the risk of SPTB, and the independent effect of Sr and Mo was significant. Our findings suggest that the risk of SPTB decreased with concentrations of the six trace elements, with Sr and Mo being the major contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tao
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixian Wang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wei
- Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Deng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Kang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Tian T, Yin S, Chen Y, Wang C, Liu M, Jin L, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Ren A. Elevated concentrations of chromium in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, and cord tissue are associated with an increased risk for orofacial clefts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113799. [PMID: 35780851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) exposure during gestation causes malformations in animal experiments. In this multicenter case-control study, we initially involved 130 orofacial clefts (OFCs) and 260 controls to assess the association between Cr concentration and risk for OFCs. Then, umbilical cord serum (49 vs. 119) and cord tissue (84 vs. 142) were used to validate the association between Cr and OFCs. We found that maternal serum Cr concentrations in OFC cases were significantly higher than those in controls. Compared with the lowest tertile of maternal serum Cr concentration, the highest tertile of Cr increased the risk for OFCs [OR = 2.14 (1.14-4.05)]. In the validation cohort of umbilical cord serum and tissue, higher concentrations of Cr were associated with increased risks for OFCs in a dose-dependent manner (all Ps for trends <0.05). Cr concentrations in maternal serum and cord serum showed a positive correlation. The Cr concentration in cord serum was inversely correlated with egg and milk consumption frequencies, and the Cr concentration in cord tissue was positively associated with indoor coal burning. In conclusion, prenatal Cr exposure is a risk factor for OFCs, and indoor coal burning during pregnancy may be one of the sources of Cr exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shengju Yin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Hauser S, Andres S, Leopold K. Determination of trace elements in placenta by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: effects of sampling and sample preparation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4519-4529. [PMID: 35552471 PMCID: PMC9142463 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Placental elemental composition can serve as an indicator for neonatal health. Medical studies aiming at revealing such cause-and-effect relationships or studies monitoring potential environmental influences consist of large sample series to ensure statistically sufficient data. Several analytical techniques have been used to study trace metals in human placenta. However, most techniques require provision of clear liquid sample solutions and therefore time- and reagent-consuming total digestion of biological tissue is necessary. In total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF)-a straightforward multielement analytical technique-in contrast suspensions of minute sample amounts can be analyzed directly. Therefore, herein we report on a valid method to prepare homogenous sample suspensions for sustainable and fast TXRF analysis of large sample series. The optimized method requires only 10 mg of powdered placental tissue and 1 mL nitric acid. Suspensions are readily prepared within 30 min and the found mass fractions of major, minor, and trace elements are in good agreement in comparison to analysis of digests. In addition, possible effects on fixation time and the exact sampling location, i.e., maternal vs. fetal side of the placenta, were studied applying this method. Thereby, significant differences for fetal placenta tissue compared to maternal or intermediate tissue were observed revealing accumulation of trace elements in the fetal side of the placenta. Furthermore, considerable depletion of up to 60% mass fraction with longer fixation duration occurred in particular in fetal placenta tissue. These findings help to understand the large ranges of mass fraction of elements in placenta reported in the literature and at the same time indicate the necessity for more systematic investigation of non-homogenous elements distributed in placenta taking sampling and stabilization methods into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hauser
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophia Andres
- Universitätsfrauenklinikum Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 43, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Leopold
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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O'Brien KO. Maternal, fetal and placental regulation of placental iron trafficking. Placenta 2021; 125:47-53. [PMID: 34974896 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human placenta is a highly specialized organ that is responsible for housing, protecting, and nourishing the fetus across gestation. The placenta is essential as it functions among other things as the liver, lungs, and gut while also playing key immunological and endocrine roles. The structure and transport capacity of this temporary organ must evolve as gestation progresses while also adapting to possible alterations in maternal nutrient availability. All nutrients needed by the developing fetus must cross the human placenta. Iron (Fe) is one such nutrient that is both integral to placental function and to successful pregnancy outcomes. Iron deficiency is among the most common nutrient deficiencies globally and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable. Data on the partitioning of Fe between the mother, placenta and fetus are evolving yet many unanswered questions remain. Hepcidin, erythroferrone and erythropoietin are regulatory hormones that are integral to iron homeostasis. The mother, fetus and placenta independently produce these hormones, but the relative function of these hormones varies in each of the maternal, placental, and fetal compartments. This review will summarize basic aspects of Fe physiology in pregnant women and the maternal, fetal, and placental adaptations that occur to maintain Fe homeostasis at this key life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly O O'Brien
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 230 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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Tian T, Yin S, Jin L, Liu J, Wang C, Wei J, Liu M, Li Z, Wang L, Yin C, Ren A. Single and mixed effects of metallic elements in maternal serum during pregnancy on risk for fetal neural tube defects: A Bayesian kernel regression approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117203. [PMID: 33932758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the association between prenatal exposure to metal elements and risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) have produced inconsistent results. Little research has examined the joint effects and interactions of multiple elements. This study examined 273 women with NTD-affected pregnancies and 477 controls. Cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, lead, and zinc were quantified in maternal serum. Single and mixed effects of these elements on NTD risk were evaluated with Bayesian kernel machine regression, and the effects of individual elements were validated using logistic regression. As a result, NTD risk increased with the concentration of the mixture of the 10 elements. NTD risk rose as the levels of the five toxic elements increased, with effect sizes larger than the overall analyses, but they decreased, albeit non-significantly, as the levels of the five essential elements increased. Lead and manganese showed risk effects on NTDs, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.94 (1.76-2.13) and 1.25 (1.14-1.38), respectively, with the remaining nine elements remaining at their median. Molybdenum showed a protective effect against NTDs with an OR 0.87 (0.90-0.94). The single-element results were validated using logistic regression. In conclusion, NTD risk increased with concentrations of the five toxic elements, with lead and manganese being the major contributors. Essential elements showed protective effects against NTD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengju Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Mikelson CK, Troisi J, LaLonde A, Symes SJK, Thurston SW, DiRe LM, David Adair C, Miller RK, Richards SM. Placental concentrations of essential, toxic, and understudied metals and relationships with birth outcomes in Chattanooga, TN. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:118-129. [PMID: 30296639 PMCID: PMC6288679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive examinations of placental metal concentrations and correlations with infant parameters are under-investigated. Chattanooga, Tennessee's consistently high incidence of low birth weight and potential for metal exposure provides an ideal opportunity to investigate potential correlations. OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations between a wide variety of metals in placental tissue and multiple infant parameters. METHODS A total of 31 elements were screened via ICP-MS in 374 individual placental samples. Of those, 14 were quantifiable in > 86% of the samples. We examined correlations between metal concentrations and infant parameters (birth weight, gestational age, birth weight centile, placental weight, birth length and head circumference). We fit multivariable regression models to estimate the covariate-adjusted associations of birth weight with ln-transformed concentrations of each of the 14 metals and used generalized additive models to examine nonlinear relationships. RESULTS Some of the strongest relationships with infant parameters came from several lesser-studied metals. Placental rhodium concentrations were negatively correlated with almost all infant parameters. In the fully adjusted regression model, birth weight was significantly associated with several metals. On an IQR (25th to the 75th percentile) basis, estimated changes in birthweight were: for cobalt (82.5 g, IQR=6.05 µg/kg, p = 0.006), iron (-51.5 g, IQR = 171800 µg/kg, p = 0.030), manganese (-27.2 g, IQR=152.1 µg/kg, p = 0.017), lead (-72.7 g, IQR=16.55 µg/kg, p = 0.004) and rhodium (-1365.5 g, IQR = 0.33 µg/kg, p < 0.001). Finally, a generalized additive model showed significant nonlinear relationships between birth weight and concentrations of Co and Rh. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive examination of placental metals illustrate many strong associations between lesser-studied metals and infant parameters. These data, in combination with our correlations of well-studied metals, illustrate a need to consider in utero exposure to a broad array of metals when considering fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen K Mikelson
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States.
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Amy LaLonde
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Steven J K Symes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States; University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section on Maternal Fetal Medicine, 960 East Third Street, Suite 100, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Lauren M DiRe
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - C David Adair
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section on Maternal Fetal Medicine, 960 East Third Street, Suite 100, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States
| | - Richard K Miller
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, of Environmental Medicine and of Pathology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 668, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Sean M Richards
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States; University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 979 E. Third Street - Suite C720, Chattanooga, TN 37403, United States
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7
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Kosik-Bogacka D, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Kot K, Malinowski W, Szymański S, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A, Podlasińska J, Tomska N, Ciosek Ż. Concentrations of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) in afterbirth and their relations with various factors. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1683-1695. [PMID: 29492803 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate Hg and Se concentrations and Se:Hg molar ratios in the placenta, umbilical cord and fetal membranes, and to examine the relationship between the concentrations of the elements and selected factors. The study material consisted of the placenta, umbilical cord and fetal membranes obtained from 91 healthy women from northwestern and central Poland. In our study mean Hg and Se concentrations in afterbirth were ~ 0.01 mg/kg dry weight (dw) and ≤ 0.5 mg/kg dw, respectively. Correlation analysis showed negative relationships between placenta weight and Se concentration in the placenta and umbilical cord, as well as between placenta length and Se levels in the umbilical cord. We found negative correlations between THg concentration in the placenta and birth weight and between Se concentration in the placenta and umbilical cord and the morphological parameters of the placenta. Furthermore, we noted new types of interactions in specific parts of the afterbirth. In our study, Se:THg molar ratios ranged from 5 to 626; these values indicate protection against Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Witold Malinowski
- Department of Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Szymański
- Department of Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Olimpia Sipak-Szmigiel
- Department of Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Prophylaxis, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Judyma 6, 71-466, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Prophylaxis, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Judyma 6, 71-466, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Podlasińska
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Management and Protection, Słowackiego 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Tomska
- Laboratory of Medical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Żaneta Ciosek
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
- Laboratory of Medical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
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8
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Odland JO, Nieboer E, Romanova N, Thomassen Y. Elements in placenta and pregnancy outcome in arctic and subarctic areas. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 63:169-87. [PMID: 15253483 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v63i2.17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper describes a comprehensive assessment of the association of concentrations of essential and toxic elements in maternal and neonatal body fluids and the placenta as predictors of birth weight and newborn body mass index (BMIC) for deliveries in northern Norway and Russia. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study of delivering women and their outcomes from different locations in Russian and Norwegian arctic and sub-arctic areas. METHODS Life-style information, blood, urine and placenta specimens were collected for 50 consecutive mother-infant pairs from hospital delivery departments in a total of six communities located in Finnmark, Norway, or the western arctic/subarctic regions of Russia. Questionnaire information was collected by individual interviews performed by trained health personnel. Pregnancy outcomes were verified by consulting medical records. Cadmium, copper, iron (as ferritin), nickel, lead, selenium and zinc were measured in maternal blood, serum or maternal urine: and in cord blood, or neonatal urine and placental tissue. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis and ANOVA were employed to explore associations between these clinical chemistry outcomes and birth weight and BMIC. RESULTS A number of significant relationships were evident between: placental and maternal blood cadmium (p < 0.005); cord and maternal blood lead (p < 0.001); placental and maternal blood lead (p < 0.001); placental and cord-blood lead (p < 0.001); placental and maternal serum, or blood, selenium (p < 0.001); and placental and maternal serum copper (p < 0.001). Maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal age, placental lead, or maternal blood lead, and smoking were retained as predictors of birth weight and BMIC in the multivariate modelling. Birth weights in both countries were normally distributed. CONCLUSIONS Maternal age and BMI as positive predictors of birth weight, and cigarette smoking and lead exposure as negative determinants, are discussed in terms of established evidence and recognized confounders, including maternal genetic factors, socio-economic status, socio-political change, life-style issues, prenatal care and nutrition. It is recommended that future work in societies undergoing socio-economic transition might best focus on preventive measures to improve neonatal health and development.
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Combined Effects of Prenatal Exposures to Environmental Chemicals on Birth Weight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13050495. [PMID: 27187434 PMCID: PMC4881120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal chemical exposure has been frequently associated with reduced fetal growth by single pollutant regression models although inconsistent results have been obtained. Our study estimated the effects of exposure to single pollutants and mixtures on birth weight in 248 mother-child pairs. Arsenic, copper, lead, manganese and thallium were measured in cord blood, cadmium in maternal blood, methylmercury in maternal hair, and five organochlorines, two perfluorinated compounds and diethylhexyl phthalate metabolites in cord plasma. Daily exposure to particulate matter was modeled and averaged over the duration of gestation. In single pollutant models, arsenic was significantly associated with reduced birth weight. The effect estimate increased when including cadmium, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) co-exposure. Combining exposures by principal component analysis generated an exposure factor loaded by cadmium and arsenic that was associated with reduced birth weight. MECPP induced gender specific effects. In girls, the effect estimate was doubled with co-exposure of thallium, PFOS, lead, cadmium, manganese, and mercury, while in boys, the mixture of MECPP with cadmium showed the strongest association with birth weight. In conclusion, birth weight was consistently inversely associated with exposure to pollutant mixtures. Chemicals not showing significant associations at single pollutant level contributed to stronger effects when analyzed as mixtures.
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Roverso M, Berté C, Di Marco V, Lapolla A, Badocco D, Pastore P, Visentin S, Cosmi E. The metallome of the human placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus. Metallomics 2016; 7:1146-54. [PMID: 25919131 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining the knowledge of the "omics" and therefore of the metallomics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) appears to be a necessary task to obtain information about the molecular causes of this disease. In this study, the metallome of GDM and of other types of diabetes mellitus was first reviewed. The comparative analysis of the published data revealed that no GDM elemental markers could be identified with sufficient reliability in blood or in the other considered samples, with the partial exception of selenium. The placenta was chosen as an alternative target organ for the analysis of the GDM metallome. The full elemental average composition of 19 healthy placentas was obtained by ICP-MS. Analyses were then performed on 28 placentas from women affected by GDM. The statistical tests and the principal component analysis evidenced that cadmium was found in lower concentrations and selenium was found in higher concentrations in GDM placentas than in those of the control group. These results were interpreted in light of literature data, and they attract attention on two key elements for understanding the molecular pathways of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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11
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Interaction between cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se) and oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy mothers and its impact on birth anthropometric measures. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:66-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Veyhe AS, Hofoss D, Hansen S, Thomassen Y, Sandanger TM, Odland JØ, Nieboer E. The Northern Norway Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort (MISA) Study: PCA analyses of environmental contaminants in maternal sera and dietary intake in early pregnancy. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 218:254-64. [PMID: 25556042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although predictors of contaminants in serum or whole blood are usually examined by chemical groups (e.g., POPs, toxic and/or essential elements; dietary sources), principal component analysis (PCA) permits consideration of both individual substances and combined variables. OBJECTIVES Our study had two primary objectives: (i) Characterize the sources and predictors of a suite of eight PCBs, four organochlorine (OC) pesticides, five essential and five toxic elements in serum and/or whole blood of pregnant women recruited as part of the Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort Study conducted in Northern Norway (The MISA study); and (ii) determine the influence of personal and social characteristics on both dietary and contaminant factors. METHODS Recruitment and sampling started in May 2007 and continued for the next 31 months until December 2009. Blood/serum samples were collected during the 2nd trimester (mean: 18.2 weeks, range 9.0-36.0). A validated questionnaire was administered to obtain personal information. The samples were analysed by established laboratories employing verified methods and reference standards. PCA involved Varimax rotation, and significant predictors (p≤0.05) in linear regression models were included in the multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS When considering all the contaminants, three prominent PCA axes stood out with prominent loadings of: all POPs; arsenic, selenium and mercury; and cadmium and lead. Respectively, in the multivariate models the following were predictors: maternal age, parity and consumption of freshwater fish and land-based wild animals; marine fish; cigarette smoking, dietary PCA axes reflecting consumption of grains and cereals, and food items involving hunting. PCA of only the POPs separated them into two axes that, in terms of recently published findings, could be understood to reflect longitudinal trends and their relative contributions to summed POPs. CONCLUSIONS The linear combinations of variables generated by PCA identified prominent dietary sources of OC groups and of prominent toxic elements and highlighted the importance of maternal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sofía Veyhe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
| | - Dag Hofoss
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Solrunn Hansen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | | | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Evert Nieboer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Al-Saleh I, Al-Rouqi R, Obsum CA, Shinwari N, Mashhour A, Billedo G, Al-Sarraj Y, Rabbah A. Mercury (Hg) and oxidative stress status in healthy mothers and its effect on birth anthropometric measures. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:567-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Esteban-Vasallo MD, Aragonés N, Pollan M, López-Abente G, Perez-Gomez B. Mercury, cadmium, and lead levels in human placenta: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1369-77. [PMID: 22591711 PMCID: PMC3491942 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1204952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental tissue may furnish information on the exposure of both mother and fetus. Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are toxicants of interest in pregnancy because they are associated with alterations in child development. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to summarize the available information regarding total Hg, Cd, and Pb levels in human placenta and possible related factors. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Lilacs, OSH, and Web of Science for original papers on total Hg, Cd, or Pb levels in human placenta that were published in English or Spanish (1976-2011). Data on study design, population characteristics, collection and analysis of placenta specimens, and main results were extracted using a standardized form. RESULTS We found a total of 79 papers (73 different studies). Hg, Cd, and Pb levels were reported in 24, 46, and 46 studies, respectively. Most studies included small convenience samples of healthy pregnant women. Studies were heterogeneous regarding populations selected, processing of specimens, and presentation of results. Hg concentrations > 50 ng/g were found in China (Shanghai), Japan, and the Faroe Islands. Cd levels ranged from 1.2 ng/g to 53 ng/g and were highest in the United States, Japan, and Eastern Europe. Pb showed the greatest variability, with levels ranging from 1.18 ng/g in China (Shanghai) to 500 ng/g in a polluted area of Poland. CONCLUSION The use of the placenta as a biomarker to assess heavy metals exposure is not properly developed because of heterogeneity among the studies. International standardized protocols are needed to enhance comparability and increase the usefulness of this promising tissue in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Esteban-Vasallo
- Subdirectorate for Health Promotion and Prevention, Madrid Regional Health Authority, Madrid, Spain
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Tekin D, Kayaaltı Z, Aliyev V, Söylemezoğlu T. The effects of metallothionein 2A polymorphism on placental cadmium accumulation: is metallothionein a modifiying factor in transfer of micronutrients to the fetus? J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:270-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tekin
- Ankara University; Institute of Forensic Sciences; Dikimevi; 06590; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Zeliha Kayaaltı
- Ankara University; Institute of Forensic Sciences; Dikimevi; 06590; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Vugar Aliyev
- Ankara University; Institute of Forensic Sciences; Dikimevi; 06590; Ankara; Turkey
| | - Tülin Söylemezoğlu
- Ankara University; Institute of Forensic Sciences; Dikimevi; 06590; Ankara; Turkey
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Al-Saleh I, Shinwari N, Mashhour A, Mohamed GED, Rabah A. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) in maternal, cord blood and placenta of healthy women. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010; 214:79-101. [PMID: 21093366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead, cadmium and mercury were measured in placental tissue, umbilical cord and maternal blood samples of 1578 women who delivered at the Al-Kharj King Khalid Hospital between 2005 and 2006. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of heavy metal exposure in mothers and their newborns and to identify predictors of maternal exposure. Lead was detected in all cord and maternal blood and in 96% of placental tissues. Only in 0.89% and 0.83% of cord and maternal blood samples were the levels of lead above the CDC threshold limit of 10 μg/dl. Maternal blood lead was also higher (2.3%) than the German Reference value in women of 7 μg/dl. Approximately 9.3% of women had a placental lead above the 95th percentile in the range of 0.83-78 μg/g dry wt., a level of possible developmental toxicity. Cadmium was detected in 94.8% and 97.9% of cord and maternal blood samples respectively, though only five newborns had a cadmium level above the OSHA threshold limit of 5 μg/l. Comparing our results to the newly revised German Reference value for nonsmokers, 48.6% of mothers had blood cadmium levels >1.0 μg/l. We found as well that 25% of women had placental cadmium in the >75th percentile, in the range of 0.048-4.36 μg/g dry wt., which is likely to affect fetal growth and development. Of the maternal and cord blood samples, 11.2% and 13%, respectively, had mercury levels >5.8 μg/l, which is the EPA reference dose. Nearly 49% of women had mercury levels >2.0 μg/l, the German Reference value for those who consume fish ≤3 times a month. Around 50% of the mothers had placental mercury in the range of 0.031-13.0 μg/g dry wt. Regression analyses indicated that the levels of metals in the blood and placenta were influenced by several factors. This study provides informative baseline biomonitoring data and reveals a substantial exposure to heavy metals in non-occupationally exposed Saudi mothers and their newborns that might jeopardize the health of both. Additional research is also urgently needed to explore factors such as environment, diet, lifestyle and/or cultural habits contributing to maternal and fetal exposures. Preventive measures to eliminate or minimize the unnecessary risk of fetus exposure to heavy metals or other pollutants during pregnancy should be initiated once these factors are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Biological & Medical Research Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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Kippler M, Hoque AMW, Raqib R, Öhrvik H, Ekström EC, Vahter M. Accumulation of cadmium in human placenta interacts with the transport of micronutrients to the fetus. Toxicol Lett 2010; 192:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rudge CV, Röllin HB, Nogueira CM, Thomassen Y, Rudge MC, Odland JØ. The placenta as a barrier for toxic and essential elements in paired maternal and cord blood samples of South African delivering women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:1322-30. [PMID: 20449220 DOI: 10.1039/b903805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants such as metals may be detrimental to foetus and infant development and health because of their physiological immaturity, opportunistic and differential exposures, and a longer lifetime over which disease, initiated during pregnancy and in early life, can develop. The placental mechanisms responsible for regulation of absorption and excretion of elements during pregnancy are not fully understood. The aim of this paper is to assess the correlation for selected toxic and essential elements in paired whole blood samples of delivering women and cord blood, as well as to evaluate the placental permeability for selected elements. Regression analyses used to assess this correlation in 62-paired samples of maternal and cord whole blood of delivering women show that the concentrations of mercury, lead, cobalt, arsenic and selenium in maternal and cord blood differed statistically. Lead, cobalt, arsenic and selenium appear to pass the placental barrier by a diffusion mechanism. It was also found that the mercury levels in cord blood were almost double those of the mother, suggesting that the foetus may act as a filter for the maternal mercury levels during pregnancy. Transplacental transfer for arsenic and cobalt was 80% and 45%, respectively, suggesting that the placenta modulates the rate of transfer for these elements. Cadmium, manganese, copper and zinc levels did not show statistically significant correlations between two compartments (maternal versus cord whole blood). The study confirms that most of the toxic metals measured have an ability to cross the placental barrier.
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Klapec T, Cavar S, Kasac Z, Rucević S, Popinjac A. Selenium in placenta predicts birth weight in normal but not intrauterine growth restriction pregnancy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2008; 22:54-8. [PMID: 18319141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Placental selenium, lead and cadmium concentrations were determined in a group of pregnancies with birth weight appropriate for gestational age and in a group of intrauterine growth restriction cases. Following adjustment for a number of confounding variables, selenium was found to be a significant predictor of newborn weight only in the group of pregnancies with birth weights appropriate for gestational age. Placental lead and cadmium levels were not associated with birth weight in either group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Klapec
- Faculty of Food Technology, F. Kuhaca 18, HR-31107 Osijek, Croatia.
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Wiechuła D, Fischer A, Kwapuliński J, Loska K, Fischer T, Kurpas P. Multivariate statistical analysis of metal concentrations in teeth of residents of Silesian region, southern Poland. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 51:314-20. [PMID: 16622588 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-0202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 11 metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Na, K, Ca, and Mg) were assayed in the teeth of two populations of the Silesian region. The first group (n = 83) comprised the residents of Katowice-Szopienice, a town located in the center of the Upper Silesian industrial region, in close proximity to a Pb plant, whereas the other was a group of residents of the agricultural community Strumień (n = 44). The concentrations of all the trace metals were found to be higher in the teeth of Katowice-Szopienice residents. The methods of cluster analysis distinguished two clusters of metals in the teeth: essential (Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, and K) and trace (Cd, Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb) elements. Euclidean distances reflected the differences in concentrations between the two groups. The results obtained were analyzed using principal component analysis. Four principal factors accounted for 68.1% of the total variance for Katowice-Szopienice residents and for 80.1% for Strumień residents. The first factor showed high contributions of Cu and Cr, elements present in humans as a result of diet, and also Mn for Katowice-Szopienice residents because of environmental contamination. The second factor was characterized by large Zn and Cd fractions and, for Katowice-Szopienice residents, Pb and K as well. The diversified exposure of both populations was reflected by the differences in Euclidean distances and contribution of particular elements with respect of principal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wiechuła
- Department of Toxicology, Silesian University of Medicine, ul. Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland.
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Osada H, Watanabe Y, Nishimura Y, Yukawa M, Seki K, Sekiya S. Profile of trace element concentrations in the feto-placental unit in relation to fetal growth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81:931-7. [PMID: 12366483 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.811006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, trace elements are indispensable for life maintenance not only for the mother but also for the fetus. The purpose of this study was to examine whether fetal growth is associated with altered levels of trace elements in maternal blood, fetal blood, and placenta tissue. METHODS Twenty-one pairs of healthy mothers and their newborns with intrauterine growth restriction delivered after 34 weeks of gestation were recruited for the study. In addition, 30 pairs of healthy mothers and their appropriate for gestational age newborns were included as controls. Maternal venous blood, umbilical cord venous and arterial blood, and placenta tissue were collected immediately after delivery. Six essential elements, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and selenium, and four other elements, rubidium, strontium, cadmium, and cesium, in those samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS Compared with appropriate for gestational age cases, intrauterine growth restriction cases showed higher magnesium, copper, and selenium concentrations in umbilical cord arterial sera, and higher magnesium and selenium concentrations in placenta tissue, but no significant differences appeared for the elements measured in maternal and umbilical cord venous sera. The umbilical cord venous vs. maternal sera concentration ratio was elevated for copper, and the umbilical cord arterial vs. umbilical cord venous sera concentration ratios were elevated for copper and zinc, but there were no differences in placenta tissue vs. maternal sera concentration ratios in intrauterine growth restriction cases. CONCLUSIONS Among the trace elements evaluated, magnesium, copper, zinc, and selenium showed elevated concentrations in umbilical cord arterial blood, or elevated umbilical cord arterial vs. umbilical cord venous blood concentration ratios in intrauterine growth restriction cases. Reduced consumption efficiency of these four essential trace elements may be closely associated with retarded fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Osada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiba University Hospital, University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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