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Tatsumi Y, Yano M, Wakusawa S, Miyajima H, Ishikawa T, Imashuku S, Takano A, Nihei W, Kato A, Kato K, Hayashi H, Yoshioka K, Hayashi K. A Revised Classification of Primary Iron Overload Syndromes. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:346-356. [PMID: 38638373 PMCID: PMC11022062 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The clinical introduction of hepcidin25 (Hep25) has led to a more detailed understanding of its relationship with ferroportin (FP) and divalent metal transporter1 in primary iron overload syndromes (PIOSs). In 2012, we proposed a classification of PIOSs based on the Hep25/FP system, which consists of prehepatic aceruloplasminemia, hepatic hemochromatosis (HC), and posthepatic FP disease (FP-D). However, in consideration of accumulated evidence on PIOSs, we aimed to renew the classification. Methods We reviewed the 2012 classification and retrospectively renewed it according to new information on PIOSs. Results Iron-loading anemia was included in PIOSs as a prehepatic form because of the newly discovered erythroferrone-induced suppression of Hep25, and the state of traditional FP-D was remodeled as the BIOIRON proposal. The key molecules responsible for prehepatic PIOSs are low transferrin saturation in aceruloplasminemia and increased erythroferrone production by erythroblasts in iron-loading anemia. Hepatic PIOSs comprise four genotypes of HC, in each of which the synthesis of Hep25 is inappropriately reduced in the liver. Hepatic Hep25 synthesis is adequate in posthepatic PIOSs; however, two mutant FP molecules may resist Hep25 differently, resulting in SLC40A1-HC and FP-D, respectively. PIOS phenotypes are diagnosed using laboratory tests, including circulating Hep25, followed by suitable treatments. Direct sequencing of the candidate genes may be outsourced to gene centers when needed. Laboratory kits for the prevalent mutations, such as C282Y, may be the first choice for a genetic analysis of HC in Caucasians. Conclusions The revised classification may be useful worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Tatsumi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Shinya Wakusawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyajima
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Tenryu Kohseikai Clinic, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Imashuku
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Uji, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takano
- Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Takaoka Hospital, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Nihei
- Department of Medicine, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, FNPS Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, FNPS Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang C, Xiang Y, Shao Y, Li C. Ferroptosis resists intracellular Vibrio splendidus AJ01 mediated by ferroportin in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 149:109585. [PMID: 38663462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a kind of programmed cell death, is characterized with iron-dependent lipid ROS buildup, which is considered as an important cellular immunity in resisting intracellular bacterial infection in mammalian macrophages. In this process, lipid ROS oxidizes the bacterial biofilm to inhibit intracellular bacteria. However, the function of ferroptosis in invertebrate remains unknown. In this study, the existence of ferroptosis in Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes was confirmed, and its antibacterial mechanism was investigated. First, our results indicated that the expression of glutathione peroxidase (AjGPX4) was significantly inhibited by 0.21-fold (p < 0.01) after injecting A. japonicus with the ferroptosis inducer RSL3, and the contents of MDA (3.93-fold, p < 0.01), ferrous iron (1.40-fold, p < 0.01), and lipid ROS (3.10-fold, p < 0.01) were all significantly increased under this condition and simultaneously accompanied with mitochondrial contraction and disappearance of cristae, indicating the existence of ferroptosis in the coelomocytes of A. japonicus. Subsequently, the contents of ferrous iron (1.40-fold, p < 0.05), MDA (2.10-fold, p < 0.01), ROS (1.70-fold, p < 0.01), and lipid ROS (2.50-fold, p < 0.01) were all significantly increased, whereas the mitochondrial membrane potential and GSH/GSSG were markedly decreased by 0.68-fold (p < 0.05) and 0.69-fold (p < 0.01) under Vibrio splendidus (AJ01) infection. This process could be reversed by the iron-chelating agent deferoxamine mesylate, which indicated that AJ01 could induce coelomocytic ferroptosis. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the intracellular AJ01 load was clearly decreased to 0.49-fold (p < 0.05) and 0.06-fold (p < 0.01) after treating coelomocytes with RSL3 and ferrous iron, which indicated that enhanced ferroptosis could inhibit bacterial growth. Finally, subcellular localization demonstrated that ferrous iron efflux protein ferroportin (AjFPN) and intracellular AJ01 were co-localized in coelomocytes. After AjFPN interference (0.58-fold, p < 0.01), the signals of ferrous iron and lipid ROS levels in intracellular AJ01 were significantly reduced by 0.38-fold (p < 0.01) and 0.48-fold (p < 0.01), indicating that AjFPN was an important factor in the introduction of ferroptosis into intracellular bacteria. Overall, our findings indicated that ferroptosis could resist intracellular AJ01 infection via AjFPN. These findings provide a novel defense mechanism for aquatic animals against intracellular bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China.
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao, PR China.
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Zou Z, Wu F, Chen L, Yao H, Wang Z, Chen Y, Qi M, Jiang Y, Tang L, Gan X, Kong L, Yang Z, Huang X, Shu W, Li B, Tan X, Huang L, Bai S, Wu L, Mo J, Hu H, Liu H, Zou R, Wei Y. The J bs-5YP peptide can alleviate dementia in senile mice by restoring the transcription of Slc40a1 to secrete the excessive iron from brain. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00114-0. [PMID: 38527587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With age and ATP decrease in the body, the transcription factors hypophosphorylation weakens the transcription of Slc40a1 and hinders the expression of the iron discharger ferroportin. This may lead to iron accumulation in the brain and the catalysis of free radicals that damage cerebral neurons and eventually lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES To prevent AD caused by brain iron excretion disorders and reveal the mechanism of J bs-5YP peptide restoring ferroportin. METHODS We prepared J bs-YP peptide and administered it to the senile mice with dementia. Then, the intelligence of the mice was tested using a Morris Water Maze. The ATP content in the body was detected using the ATP hydrophysis and Phosphate precipitation method. The activation of Slc40a1 transcription was assayed with ATAC seq and the ferroportin, as well as the phosphorylation levels of Ets1 in brain were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS The phosphorylation level of Ets1in brain was enhanced, and subsequently, the transcription of Slc40a1 was activated and ferroportin was increased in the brain, the levels of iron and free radicals were reduced, with the neurons protection, and the dementia was ultimately alleviated in the senile mice. CONCLUSION J bs-5YP can recover the expression of ferroportin to excrete excessive iron in the brain of senile mice with dementia by enhancing the transcription of Slc40a1 via phosphorylating Ets1, revealing the potential of J bs-5YP as a drug to alleviate senile dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Zou
- Liuzhou Key Lab of Psychosis Treatment, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, China; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47006, USA.
| | - Fengyao Wu
- Liuzhou Key Lab of Psychosis Treatment, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, China; Laboratory Medicine School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Liguan Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Zengxian Wang
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Liuzhou Key Lab of Psychosis Treatment, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Liuzhou Key Lab of Psychosis Treatment, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Longhua Tang
- Laboratory Department of Pingnan People's Hospital, Pingnan 537399, China
| | - Xinying Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Lingjia Kong
- Laboratory of Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou 311201, China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Liuzhou Key Lab of Psychosis Treatment, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- College of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Wei Shu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Bixue Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Liwen Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Shi Bai
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jinping Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Huilin Hu
- Liuzhou Key Lab of Psychosis Treatment, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Huihua Liu
- Liuzhou Key Lab of Psychosis Treatment, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Ruyi Zou
- School Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China.
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Liuzhou Key Lab of Psychosis Treatment, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, China.
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Li S, Gao X, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Gao J, Geng D, Guo L, Ma T, Hao Y, Wei B, Huang L, Wei Y, Xia B, Luo Z, Huang J. Hydralazine represses Fpn ubiquitination to rescue injured neurons via competitive binding to UBA52. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:86-99. [PMID: 38352945 PMCID: PMC10859533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A major impedance to neuronal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is the activation of various programmed cell death mechanisms in the dorsal root ganglion. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death distinguished by imbalance in iron and thiol metabolism, leading to lethal lipid peroxidation. However, the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in the context of PNI and nerve regeneration remain unclear. Ferroportin (Fpn), the only known mammalian nonheme iron export protein, plays a pivotal part in inhibiting ferroptosis by maintaining intracellular iron homeostasis. Here, we explored in vitro and in vivo the involvement of Fpn in neuronal ferroptosis. We first delineated that reactive oxygen species at the injury site induces neuronal ferroptosis by increasing intracellular iron via accelerated UBA52-driven ubiquitination and degradation of Fpn, and stimulation of lipid peroxidation. Early administration of the potent arterial vasodilator, hydralazine (HYD), decreases the ubiquitination of Fpn after PNI by binding to UBA52, leading to suppression of neuronal cell death and significant acceleration of axon regeneration and motor function recovery. HYD targeting of ferroptosis is a promising strategy for clinical management of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yujie Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dan Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lingli Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yitao Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Ganz T, Nemeth E. Hypoferremia of inflammation: Innate host defense against infections. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 104:102777. [PMID: 37391347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for microbes, plants and animals. Multicellular organisms have evolved multiple strategies to control invading microbes by restricting microbial access to iron. Hypoferremia of inflammation is a rapidly-acting organismal response that prevents the formation of iron species that would be readily accessible to microbes. This review takes an evolutionary perspective to explore the mechanisms and host defense function of hypoferremia of inflammation and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA; Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA.
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA
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Ng SW, Lee C, Ng A, Ng SK, Arcuri F, House MD, Norwitz ER. Ferroportin expression and regulation in human placenta/fetal membranes: Implications for ferroptosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100816. [PMID: 37890398 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is associated with pregnancy complications. Ferroportin (FPN) is the only known iron exporter in mammalian cells. We hypothesize that FPN is functionally important in ferrotopsis, a process of iron-dependent non-apoptotic programmed cell death, and may have a critical role to play in pregnancy success. We investigated the expression of FPN in placenta/fetal membranes by immunohistochemistry in tissues collected from pregnancies with/without preeclampsia (PE) and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). FPN was highly expressed in both trophoblasts and decidual cells found in placenta/fetal membranes. Staining was significantly reduced in fetal membranes from SPTB versus healthy pregnancies (P = 0.046). FPN expression in immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) increased with in vitro decidualization induction using 1 μM of medroxyprogesterone acetate and 0.5 mM of dibutyryl-cAMP. In addition, both HESC cells and immortalized extravillous trophoblast SW71 cells with FPN knockdown showed significant sensitivity to ferroptosis inducer, erastin (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). The survival of both HESC and SW71 cells was not negatively affected by iron supplementation with ferric ammonium citrate in the medium. However, SW71 cells were more sensitive than HESC cells to physiologic iron in the presence of a non-lethal dose of erastin (P < 0.001). Taken together, our data demonstrating increased sensitivity of FPN knockdown HESC and SW71 cells to erastin and increased sensitivity of trophoblasts to iron overload under ferroptotic stress support the hypothesis that FPN protects against ferroptosis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wing Ng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Chungyan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen Ng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shu-Kay Ng
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Felice Arcuri
- Department of Molecular & Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michael D House
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Izumi Y, Kataoka H, Koshiba A, Ito F, Tanaka Y, Takaoka O, Maeda E, Okimura H, Sugahara T, Tarumi Y, Shimura K, Khan KN, Kusuki I, Mori T. Hepcidin as a key regulator of iron homeostasis triggers inflammatory features in the normal endometrium. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:191-201. [PMID: 37884101 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Menstrual blood, containing high iron levels, can undergo retrograde transport into the abdominal cavity. Excess iron causes oxidative stress and inflammation. Iron metabolism is regulated by hepcidin, and serum hepcidin levels are increased in patients with endometriosis; however, the functions of hepcidin in normal endometrium remain unclear. We therefore aimed to examine hepcidin concentrations in patients with endometriosis and to determine if iron accumulation and hepcidin increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation in normal endometrial cells. We determined hepcidin levels in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood from patients with and without endometriosis (25/16 and 15/15 patients, respectively). We also examined the effects of hepcidin on ferroportin expression, iron accumulation, and ROS generation in normal endometrial stromal cells (NESCs) from 20 women who underwent surgery for uterine leiomyoma, using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses and analyzed its effect on the expression of inflammatory cytokines by real-time polymerase chain reaction. There was no significant difference in iron concentrations in menstrual blood or peritoneal fluid between women with and without endometriosis; however, women with endometriosis had significantly higher hepcidin levels in menstrual blood. Hepcidin reduced the expression of ferroportin in NESCs and promoted the accumulation of ferrous iron. Hepcidin plus ferrous iron increased the production of ROS and inflammatory cytokines compared with ferrous iron alone. These results indicate that women with endometriosis have high hepcidin levels in menstrual blood, leading to increased iron production, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which may, in turn, promote the development of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kataoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Akemi Koshiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumitake Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Osamu Takaoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eiko Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tarumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koki Shimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Khaleque N Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Izumi Kusuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Kamińska-Gibas T, Szczygieł J, Blasweiler A, Gajda Ł, Yilmaz E, Jurecka P, Kolek L, Ples M, Irnazarow I. New reports on iron related proteins: Molecular characterization of two ferroportin genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its expression pattern. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 142:109087. [PMID: 37777096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron uptake, transport, and storage require the involvement of several proteins, including ferroportin (fpn), the sole known iron efflux transporter. Due to its critical function fpn has been studied, particularly in humans. Here, we characterized the ferroportin gene in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and performed RNA-seq analysis to evaluate its constitutive transcription levels across different tissues. Our results indicate that C. carpio possesses two functional fpns with distinct expression patterns, highlighting the potential for functional divergence and expression differentiation among fpns in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kamińska-Gibas
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczygieł
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Annemiek Blasweiler
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Łukasz Gajda
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ebru Yilmaz
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Patrycja Jurecka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Kolek
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - Marek Ples
- Department of Biomechatronics, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40 Str., 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ilgiz Irnazarow
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Zaborze, 43-520, Chybie, Poland.
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Baringer SL, Palsa K, Spiegelman VS, Simpson IA, Connor JR. Apo- and holo-transferrin differentially interact with hephaestin and ferroportin in a novel mechanism of cellular iron release regulation. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:36. [PMID: 37277838 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apo- (iron free) and holo- (iron bound) transferrin (Tf) participate in precise regulation of brain iron uptake at endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. Apo-Tf indicates an iron-deficient environment and stimulates iron release, while holo-Tf indicates an iron sufficient environment and suppresses additional iron release. Free iron is exported through ferroportin, with hephaestin as an aid to the process. Until now, the molecular mechanisms of apo- and holo-Tf influence on iron release was largely unknown. METHODS Here we use a variety of cell culture techniques, including co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay, in iPSC-derived endothelial cells and HEK 293 cells to investigate the mechanism by which apo- and holo-Tf influence cellular iron release. Given the established role of hepcidin in regulating cellular iron release, we further explored the relationship of hepcidin to transferrin in this model. RESULTS We demonstrate that holo-Tf induces the internalization of ferroportin through the established ferroportin degradation pathway. Furthermore, holo-Tf directly interacts with ferroportin, whereas apo-Tf directly interacts with hephaestin. Only pathophysiological levels of hepcidin disrupt the interaction between holo-Tf and ferroportin, but similar hepcidin levels are unable to interfere with the interaction between apo-Tf and hephaestin. The disruption of the holo-Tf and ferroportin interaction by hepcidin is due to hepcidin's ability to more rapidly internalize ferroportin compared to holo-Tf. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings provide a molecular mechanism for apo- and holo-Tf regulation of iron release from endothelial cells. They further demonstrate how hepcidin impacts these protein-protein interactions, and offer a model for how holo-Tf and hepcidin cooperate to suppress iron release. These results expand on our previous reports on mechanisms mediating regulation of brain iron uptake to provide a more thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms mediating cellular iron release in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Baringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kondaiah Palsa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Ian A Simpson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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10
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Farida B, Ibrahim KG, Abubakar B, Malami I, Bello MB, Abubakar MB, Abbas AY, Imam MU. Iron deficiency and its epigenetic effects on iron homeostasis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127203. [PMID: 37201368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a common micronutrient deficiency associated with metabolic changes in the levels of iron regulatory proteins, hepcidin and ferroportin. Studies have associated dysregulation of iron homeostasis to other secondary and life-threatening diseases including anaemia, neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases. Iron deficiency plays a critical role in epigenetic regulation by affecting the Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate-dependent demethylating enzymes, Ten Eleven Translocase 1-3 (TET 1-3) and Jumonji-C (JmjC) histone demethylase, which are involved in epigenetic erasure of the methylation marks on both DNA and histone tails, respectively. In this review, studies involving epigenetic effects of iron deficiency associated with dysregulation of TET 1-3 and JmjC histone demethylase enzyme activities on hepcidin/ferroportin axis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Farida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Kasimu G Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bilyaminu Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad B Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Murtala B Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Y Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha U Imam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria; Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria.
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11
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Vali SW, Lindahl PA. Low-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy of organs from 57Fe-enriched HFE (-/-) hemochromatosis mice: an iron-dependent threshold for generating hemosiderin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:173-185. [PMID: 36512071 PMCID: PMC9981716 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis is an iron-overload disease most often arising from a mutation in the Homeostatic Fe regulator (HFE) gene. HFE organs become overloaded with iron which causes damage. Iron-overload is commonly detected by NMR imaging, but the spectroscopic technique is insensitive to diamagnetic iron. Here, we used Mössbauer spectroscopy to examine the iron content of liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and brain of 57Fe-enriched HFE(-/-) mice of ages 3-52 wk. Overall, the iron contents of all investigated HFE organs were similar to the same healthy organ but from an older mouse. Livers and spleens were majorly overloaded, followed by kidneys. Excess iron was generally present as ferritin. Iron-sulfur clusters and low-spin FeII hemes (combined into the central quadrupole doublet) and nonheme high-spin FeII species were also observed. Spectra of young and middle-aged HFE kidneys were dominated by the central quadrupole doublet and were largely devoid of ferritin. Collecting and comparing spectra at 5 and 60 K allowed the presence of hemosiderin, a decomposition product of ferritin, to be quantified, and it also allowed the diamagnetic central doublet to be distinguished from ferritin. Hemosiderin was observed in spleens and livers from HFE mice, and in spleens from controls, but only when iron concentrations exceeded 2-3 mM. Even in those cases, hemosiderin represented only 10-20% of the iron in the sample. NMR imaging can identify iron-overload under non-invasive room-temperature conditions, but Mössbauer spectroscopy of 57Fe-enriched mice can detect all forms of iron and perhaps allow the process of iron-overloading to be probed in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Waseem Vali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Paul A Lindahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3255, USA.
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12
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Cao C, Fleming MD. Loss of the placental iron exporter ferroportin 1 causes embryonic demise in late-gestation mouse pregnancy. Development 2022; 149:285826. [PMID: 36398730 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fetal development relies on adequate iron supply by the placenta. The placental syncytiotrophoblasts (SCTB) express high levels of iron transporters, including ferroportin1 (Fpn1). Whether they are essential in the placenta has not been tested directly, mainly due to the lack of gene manipulation tools in SCTB. Here, we aimed to generate a SCTB-specific Cre mouse and use it to determine the role of placental Fpn1. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we created a syncytin b (Synb) Cre line (SynbCre) targeting the fetal-facing SCTB layer in mouse placental labyrinth. SynbCre deleted Fpn1 in late gestation mouse placentas reliably with high efficiency. Embryos without placental Fpn1 were pale and runted, and died before birth. Fpn1 null placentas had reduced transferrin receptor expression, increased oxidative stress and detoxification responses, and accumulated ferritin in the SCTB instead of the fetal endothelium. In summary, we demonstrate that SynbCre is an effective and specific tool to investigate placental gene function in vivo. The loss of Fpn1 in late gestation mouse placenta is embryonically lethal, providing direct evidence for an essential role of Fpn1 in placental iron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cao
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ghaith MM, El-Boshy M, Almasmoum H, Abdelghany AH, Azzeh FS, Almaimani RA, Idris S, Ahmad J, Mahbub AA, BaSalamah MA, Elzubeir ME, Refaat B. Deferasirox and vitamin D 3 co-therapy mitigates iron-induced renal injury by enhanced modulation of cellular anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and iron regulatory pathways in rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 74:127085. [PMID: 36179462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic iron overload could induce nephropathy via oxidative stress and inflammation, and chelating therapy has limited efficacy in removing excess intracellular iron. Although vitamin D (VD) has shown potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well contribute to iron homeostasis, none of the previous studies measured its potential remedial effects against chronic iron toxicity. AIMS To measure the alleviating effects of deferasirox (DFX) and/or vitamin D (VD) single and combined therapies against nephrotoxicity induced by chronic iron overload. METHODS Forty male rats were divided into negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, DFX, VD, and DFX/VD groups. The designated groups received iron for six weeks followed by DFX and/or VD for another six weeks. Then, the expression pattern of renal genes and proteins including hepcidin, ferroportin (FPN), megalin, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), ferritin heavy and light chains, VD receptor (VDR), VD synthesizing (Cyp27b1) and catabolizing (Cyp24a1) enzymes were measured alongside serum markers of renal function and iron biochemical parameters. Additionally, several markers of oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2/GSH/SOD1/CAT/GPx4) and inflammation (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α/IL-10) together with renal cell apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 (Casp-3) were measured. RESULTS The PC rats showed pathological iron and renal biochemical markers, hypovitaminosis D, increased renal tissue iron contents with increased Cyp24a1/Megalin/ferritin-chains/hepcidin, and decreased Cyp27b1/VDR/TfR1/FPN expression than the NC group. The PC renal tissues also showed abnormal histology, increased inflammatory (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α), oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2), and apoptosis markers with decreased IL-10/GSH/SOD1/CAT/GPx4. Although DFX monotherapy reduced serum iron levels, it was comparable to the PC group in renal iron concentrations, VD and iron-homeostatic molecules, alongside markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. On the other hand, VD monotherapy markedly modulated renal iron and VD-related molecules, reduced renal tissue iron concentrations, and preserved renal tissue relative to the PC and DFX groups. However, serum iron levels were equal in the VD and PC groups. In contrast, the best significant improvements in serum and renal iron levels, expression of renal iron-homeostatic molecules, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were seen in the co-therapy group. CONCLUSIONS iron-induced nephrotoxicity was associated with dysregulations in renal VD-system together with renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. While DFX reduced systemic iron, VD monotherapy showed better attenuation of renal iron concentrations and tissue damage. Nonetheless, the co-therapy approach exhibited the maximal remedial effects, possibly by enhanced modulation of renal iron-homeostatic molecules alongside reducing systemic iron levels. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its Supplementary information files].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghany H Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Firas S Azzeh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A BaSalamah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubeir
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Yang HJ, Kong B, Shuai W, Zhang JJ, Huang H. Shensong Yangxin attenuates metabolic syndrome-induced atrial fibrillation via inhibition of ferroportin-mediated intracellular iron overload. Phytomedicine 2022; 101:154086. [PMID: 35421806 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shensong Yangxin (SSYX) is a traditional Chinese medicine been widely used clinically to treat various arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the role and precise mechanism of SSYX in MS-induced AF have not yet been elucidated. PURPOSE To elucidate the protective effects of SSYX on MS-induced AF and its possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were fed a 16-week high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) diet together with 25% fructose in drinking water to produce a MS model. Low-concentration (SSYX-L, 0.4 g/kg) and high-concentration (SSYX-H, 0.8 g/kg) of SSYX were given by daily gavage 8-weeks following HCHF diet for 8-weeks. In vivo electrophysiological study, histological analysis, RNA-sequence (RNA-Seq) and gene ontology (GO) analysis, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed. RESULTS Both low-concentration and high-concentration of SSYX could inhibit MS-induced AF susceptibility, electrical remodeling and structural remodeling. Results from RNA-sequence analysis revealed intracellular iron homeostasis mediated the protective effect of SSYX against MS. In vivo and in vitro experiments both demonstrated that SSYX up-regulated ferroportin (Fpn) expression and ameliorated intracellular iron overload induced by MS. To verified whether Fpn is the target of SSYX and intracellular iron overload mediated the protective effect of SSYX against MS, adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) delivery system was used. Knocking down Fpn (AAV9-shFpn) markedly aggravated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, electrical remodeling and atrial fibrosis induced by MS, leading to a further increase of AF susceptibility induced by MS. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated for the first time that SSYX reduced AF susceptibility, inhibited electrical remodeling and structural remodeling via up-regulating Fpn, decreasing intracellular iron overload and reducing ROS production. These results suggest that SSYX might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China.
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15
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Liu Y, Baumann B, Song Y, Zhang K, Sterling JK, Lakhal-Littleton S, Kozmik Z, Su G, Dunaief JL. Minimal effect of conditional ferroportin KO in the neural retina implicates ferrous iron in retinal iron overload and degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:108988. [PMID: 35202704 PMCID: PMC9050912 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron-induced oxidative stress can cause or exacerbate retinal degenerative diseases. Retinal iron overload has been reported in several mouse disease models with systemic or neural retina-specific knockout (KO) of homologous ferroxidases ceruloplasmin (Cp) and hephaestin (Heph). Cp and Heph can potentiate ferroportin (Fpn) mediated cellular iron export. Here, we used retina-specific Fpn KO mice to test the hypothesis that retinal iron overload in Cp/Heph DKO mice is caused by impaired iron export from neurons and glia. Surprisingly, there was no indication of retinal iron overload in retina-specific Fpn KO mice: the mRNA levels of transferrin receptor in the retina were not altered at 7-10-months age. Consistent with this, levels and localization of ferritin light chain were unchanged. To "stress the system", we injected iron intraperitoneally into Fpn KO mice with or without Cp KO. Only mice with both retina-specific Fpn KO and Cp KO had modestly elevated retinal iron levels. These results suggest that impaired iron export through Fpn is not sufficient to explain the retinal iron overload in Cp/Heph DKO mice. An increase in the levels of retinal ferrous iron caused by the absence of these ferroxidases, followed by uptake into cells by ferrous iron importers, is most likely necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin, China,F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bailey Baumann
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Song
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob K. Sterling
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samira Lakhal-Littleton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guanfang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin, China,Co-correspondence authors: Correspondence to: Joshua L. Dunaief, F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Tel: +1 215 898 5235, , Guanfang Su, Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China. Tel: +86 13843091955,
| | - Joshua L. Dunaief
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Co-correspondence authors: Correspondence to: Joshua L. Dunaief, F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Tel: +1 215 898 5235, , Guanfang Su, Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China. Tel: +86 13843091955,
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Landemaine A, Hamdi-Roze H, Cunat S, Loustaud-Ratti V, Causse X, Si Ahmed SN, Drénou B, Bureau C, Pelletier G, De Kerguenec C, Ganne-Carrie N, Durupt S, Laine F, Loréal O, Ropert M, Detivaud L, Morcet J, Aguilar-Martinez P, Deugnier YM, Bardou-Jacquet E. A simple clinical score to promote and enhance ferroportin disease screening. J Hepatol 2022; 76:568-576. [PMID: 34748893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ferroportin disease is a rare genetic iron overload disorder which may be underdiagnosed, with recent data suggesting it occurs at a higher prevalence than suspected. Costs and the lack of defined criteria to prompt genetic testing preclude large-scale molecular screening. Hence, we aimed to develop a readily available scoring system to promote and enhance ferroportin disease screening. METHODS Our derivation cohort included probands tested for ferroportin disease from 2008 to 2016 in our rare disease network. Data were prospectively recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine significant criteria, and odds ratios were used to build a weighted score. A cut-off value was defined using a ROC curve with a predefined aim of 90% sensitivity. An independent cohort was used for cross validation. RESULTS Our derivation cohort included 1,306 patients. Mean age was 55±14 years, ferritin 1,351±1,357 μg/L, and liver iron concentration (LIC) 166±77 μmol/g. Pathogenic variants (n = 32) were identified in 71 patients. In multivariate analysis: female sex, younger age, higher ferritin, higher LIC and the absence of hypertension or diabetes were significantly associated with the diagnosis of ferroportin disease (AUROC in whole derivation cohort 0.83 [0.78-0.88]). The weighted score was based on sex, age, the presence of hypertension or diabetes, ferritin level and LIC. An AUROC of 0.83 (0.77-0.88) was obtained in the derivation cohort without missing values. Using 9.5 as a cut-off, sensitivity was 93.6 (91.7-98.3) %, specificity 49.5 (45.5-53.6) %, positive likelihood ratio 1.8 (1.6-2.0) and negative likelihood ratio 0.17 (0.04-0.37). CONCLUSION We describe a readily available score with simple criteria and good diagnostic performance that could be used to screen patients for ferroportin disease in routine clinical practice. LAY SUMMARY Increased iron burden associated with metabolic syndrome is a very common condition. Ferroportin disease is a dominant genetic iron overload disorder whose prevalence is higher than initially thought. They can be difficult to distinguish from each other, but the limited availability of genetic testing and the lack of definitive guidelines prevent adequate screening. We herein describe a simple and definitive clinical score to help clinicians decide whether to perform genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Landemaine
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM CIC1414, F-35000, Rennes, France; National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, CHU Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Houda Hamdi-Roze
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM CIC1414, F-35000, Rennes, France; National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, CHU Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Cunat
- CHU Montpellier, Competence Center for Hemochromatosis and Iron Metabolism Disorder, Reference Center on Rare Red Cell Disorders, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Xavier Causse
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Orléans, France
| | - Si Nafa Si Ahmed
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR), Orléans, France
| | - Bernard Drénou
- CH Emile Muller, Department of Hematology, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Christophe Bureau
- CHU Toulouse, Liver Unit, University Hospital of Toulouse and University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Pelletier
- AH-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrie
- AP-HP Hopitaux Universitaire Paris Saine Saint-Denis, APHP, Liver Unit, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité; INSE RM, S1138 FunGeST F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Durupt
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Fabrice Laine
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM CIC1414, F-35000, Rennes, France; National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, CHU Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, CHU Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France; INSERM, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR1241, Institut NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM CIC1414, F-35000, Rennes, France; National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, CHU Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lenaick Detivaud
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM CIC1414, F-35000, Rennes, France; National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, CHU Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jeff Morcet
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM CIC1414, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Martinez
- CHU Montpellier, Competence Center for Hemochromatosis and Iron Metabolism Disorder, Reference Center on Rare Red Cell Disorders, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves M Deugnier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM CIC1414, F-35000, Rennes, France; National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, CHU Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM CIC1414, F-35000, Rennes, France; National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, CHU Rennes, F-35000, Rennes, France; INSERM, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR1241, Institut NuMeCan, Rennes, France
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17
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Jayakumar D, S Narasimhan KK, Periandavan K. Triad role of hepcidin, ferroportin, and Nrf2 in cardiac iron metabolism: From health to disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126882. [PMID: 34710708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element required for several vital physiological and developmental processes, including erythropoiesis, bone, and neuronal development. Iron metabolism and oxygen homeostasis are interlinked to perform a vital role in the functionality of the heart. The metabolic machinery of the heart utilizes almost 90 % of oxygen through the electron transport chain. To handle this tremendous level of oxygen, the iron metabolism in the heart is utmost crucial. Iron availability to the heart is therefore tightly regulated by (i) the hepcidin/ferroportin axis, which controls dietary iron absorption, storage, and recycling, and (ii) iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1/2) via hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) pathway. Despite iron being vital to the heart, recent investigations have demonstrated that iron imbalance is a common manifestation in conditions of heart failure (HF), since free iron readily transforms between Fe2+ and Fe3+via the Fenton reaction, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative damage. Therefore, to combat iron-mediated oxidative stress, targeting Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling is rational. The involvement of Nrf2 in regulating several genes engaged in heme synthesis, iron storage, and iron export is beginning to be uncovered. Consequently, it is possible that Nrf2/hepcidin/ferroportin might act as an epicenter connecting iron metabolism to redox alterations. However, the mechanism bridging the two remains obscure. In this review, we tried to summarize the contemporary insight of how cardiomyocytes regulate intracellular iron levels and discussed the mechanisms linking cardiac dysfunction with iron imbalance. Further, we emphasized the impact of Nrf2 on the interplay between systemic/cardiac iron control in the context of heart disease, particularly in myocardial ischemia and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthy Jayakumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kishore Kumar S Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kalaiselvi Periandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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Abstract
The human placenta is a highly specialized organ that is responsible for housing, protecting, and nourishing the fetus across gestation. The placenta is essential as it functions among other things as the liver, lungs, and gut while also playing key immunological and endocrine roles. The structure and transport capacity of this temporary organ must evolve as gestation progresses while also adapting to possible alterations in maternal nutrient availability. All nutrients needed by the developing fetus must cross the human placenta. Iron (Fe) is one such nutrient that is both integral to placental function and to successful pregnancy outcomes. Iron deficiency is among the most common nutrient deficiencies globally and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable. Data on the partitioning of Fe between the mother, placenta and fetus are evolving yet many unanswered questions remain. Hepcidin, erythroferrone and erythropoietin are regulatory hormones that are integral to iron homeostasis. The mother, fetus and placenta independently produce these hormones, but the relative function of these hormones varies in each of the maternal, placental, and fetal compartments. This review will summarize basic aspects of Fe physiology in pregnant women and the maternal, fetal, and placental adaptations that occur to maintain Fe homeostasis at this key life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly O O'Brien
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 230 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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19
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Deng Q, Yang S, Sun L, Huang K, Dong K, Zhu Y, Cao Y, Li Y, Wu S, Huang R. A detrimental role of NLRP6 in host iron metabolism during Salmonella infection. Redox Biol 2021; 49:102217. [PMID: 34942528 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining host iron homeostasis is an essential component of nutritional immunity responsible for sequestrating iron from pathogens and controlling infection. Nucleotide-oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) contribute to cytoplasmic sensing and antimicrobial response orchestration. However, it remains unknown whether and how NLRs may regulate host iron metabolism, an important component of nutritional immunity. Here, we demonstrated that NLRP6, a member of the NLR family, has an unconventional role in regulating host iron metabolism that perturbs host resistance to bacterial infection. NLRP6 deficiency is advantageous for maintaining cellular iron homeostasis in both macrophages and enterocytes through increasing the unique iron exporter ferroportin-mediated iron efflux in a nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2–related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent manner. Additional studies uncovered a novel mechanism underlying NRF2 regulation and operating through NLRP6/AKT interaction and that causes a decrease in AKT phosphorylation, which in turn reduces NRF2 nuclear translocation. In the absence of NLRP6, increased AKT activation promotes NRF2/KEAP1 dissociation via increasing mTOR-mediated p62 phosphorylation and downregulates KEAP1 transcription by promoting FOXO3A phosphorylation. Together, our observations provide new insights into the mechanism of nutritional immunity by revealing a novel function of NLRP6 in regulating iron metabolism, and suggest NLRP6 as a therapeutic target for limiting bacterial iron acquisition.
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20
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Keleş Altun İ, Atagün Mİ, Erdoğan A, Oymak Yenilmez D, Yusifova A, Şenat A, Erel Ö. Serum hepcidin / ferroportin levels in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126843. [PMID: 34416474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several alternatives for cellular iron influx, the only mechanism for cellular iron efflux is ferroportin mediated active transport. In cases of ferroportin dysfunction, iron accumulates in the cell and causes ferroptosis. Hepcidin suppresses ferroportin levels and inflammatory activation increases hepcidin production. Mild inflammation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may alter hepcidin and ferroportin. METHODS The study included a total of 137 patients aged 18-65 years, 57 diagnosed with schizophrenia and 80 with bipolar disorder, according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, and a control group (HC) of 42 healthy individuals. Biochemical analyses, thyroid function tests, hemogram, serum iron level, iron-binding capacity, and ferritin levels were examined. Serum levels of hepcidin and ferroportin were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of the serum ferroportin levels (F = 15.69, p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that the schizophrenia group had higher ferroportin levels than in the bipolar group (p < 0.001) and HCs (p < 0.001). Hepcidin levels did not differ between the groups. Chlorpromazine equivalent doses of antipsychotics correlated with ferroportin levels (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Ferroportin levels were increased in the schizophrenia group, although iron and hepcidin levels were within normal ranges. Antipsychotics may alter the mechanisms which control ferroportin levels. Further studies are needed to examine the relationships between antipsychotics and iron metabolism for determination of causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlkay Keleş Altun
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, Dortcelik Mental Health Hospital, Halide Edip Adıvar Str. No: 18, Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Murat İlhan Atagün
- Department of Psychiatry, Izmir Bakırcay University, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi Mustafa Kemal Region, Kaynaklar Street, 35 665, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ali Erdoğan
- Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07070, Campus, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Dicle Oymak Yenilmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Edirne Sultan Murat State Hospital, Fatih Region Şehit Sercan Gedikli Str. No:1, Yeni Toki Merkez, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Aygün Yusifova
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Univerisity, Faculty of Medicine, Bilkent Road 3. Km., Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Almila Şenat
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Univerisity, Faculty of Medicine, Bilkent Road 3. Km., Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Univerisity, Faculty of Medicine, Bilkent Road 3. Km., Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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Fang J, Kong B, Shuai W, Xiao Z, Dai C, Qin T, Gong Y, Zhu J, Liu Q, Huang H. Ferroportin-mediated ferroptosis involved in new-onset atrial fibrillation with LPS-induced endotoxemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2021;:174622. [PMID: 34748769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a known risk factor for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), and previous studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis participates in sepsis-induced organ injury development. Nevertheless, the role of ferroptosis in new-onset AF with sepsis remains largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking ferroptosis and AF caused by sepsis. LPS-induced endotoxemia is often used to model the acute inflammatory response associated with sepsis. Herein, we reported that ferroptosis was significantly activated in LPS-induced endotoxemia rat model. We also observed that ferroportin (Fpn), the only identified mammalian non-heme iron exporter, was downregulated in the atrium of endotoxemia model. Vulnerability to AF was also significantly increased in a endotoxemia rat model. Additionally, Fpn knockdown by shFpn further increased intracellular iron concentration and oxidative stress and exaggerated the AF vulnerability, which was alleviated by ferroptosis inhibition. Mechanistically, silencing Fpn worsened the alterations in calcium handling proteins expression in a endotoxemia rat model. These findings suggest that Fpn-mediated ferroptosis is involved in the new-onset AF with LPS-induced endotoxemia via worsening the calcium handling proteins dysregulation and provides a novel and promising strategy for preventing AF development in sepsis.
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22
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Gomes AS, Boldrini-França J, Aride PHR, Gomes LC. Gene Expression Changes in Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei, Serranidae) Liver as Molecular Biomarker of Iron Ore Contamination. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:855-859. [PMID: 34255108 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine selected molecular biomarkers of iron ore contamination in Epinephelus marginatus. Molecular biomarkers were tested by checking the relative expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, trace element regulation, and cellular damage, by RT-qPCR. Iron ore exposure caused the downregulation of ferroportin (FP) gene expression and a significant upregulation in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) genes. Iron ore affects gene expression in E. marginatus liver, indicating that it can potentially induce toxic effects in fish. Moreover, this altered gene expression pattern may be applied in monitoring iron ore contamination in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo, 21, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo, 21, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil.
| | | | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo, 21, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil.
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23
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Park CK, Heo J, Ham WS, Choi YD, Shin SJ, Cho NH. Ferroportin and FBXL5 as Prognostic Markers in Advanced Stage Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 53:1174-1183. [PMID: 33735560 PMCID: PMC8524006 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) involves a poor prognosis. Several studies have reported that dysfunctions in iron metabolism‒related proteins may cause tumor progression and metastasis of this carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the impact of the expression of iron metabolism‒related proteins on patient prognoses in advanced stage ccRCCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS All of 143 advanced stage ccRCC specimens were selected following validation with double blind reviews. Several clinicopathological parameters including nuclear grade, perirenal fat invasion, renal sinus fat invasion, vascular invasion, necrosis, and sarcomatoid/rhabdoid differentiation were compared with the expression of ferroportin (FPN), and F-Box and leucine rich repeat protein 5 (FBXL5), by immunohistochemistry. FPN and FBXL5 mRNA level of ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were also analyzed for validation. RESULTS FPN and FBXL5 immunohistochemistry showed membrane and cytoplasmic expression, respectively. Based on the H-score, cases were classified as low or high expression with a cutoff value of 20 for FPN and 15 for FBXL5, respectively. Low expression of FPN and FBXL5 were significantly associated with patient death (p=0.022 and p=0.005, respectively). In survival analyses, low expression of FPN and FBXL5 were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p=0.003 and p=0.004, respectively). On multivariate analysis, low expression of FBXL5 (hazard ratio, 2.001; p=0.034) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. CONCLUSION FPN and FBXL5 can be used as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for advanced stage ccRCC.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- F-Box Proteins/genetics
- F-Box Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Keun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jayoon Heo
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Ilsan Hospital, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Won Sik Ham
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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24
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Lakhal-Littleton S. Advances in understanding the crosstalk between mother and fetus on iron utilization. Semin Hematol 2021; 58:153-160. [PMID: 34389107 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A full-term pregnancy comes with significant demand for iron. Not meeting this demand has adverse effects on maternal health and on the intrauterine and postnatal development of the infant. In the infant, some of these adverse effects cannot be reversed by postnatal iron supplementation, highlighting the need to tackle iron deficiency in utero. Achieving this requires sound understanding of the pathways that govern iron transfer at the fetomaternal interface. Two pathways are emerging as key players in this context; the hepcidin/ferroportin axis pathway and the iron regulatory protein (IRPs) pathway. In late gestation, suppression of maternal hepcidin, by as yet unknown factors, is required for increasing iron availability to the growing fetus. In the placenta, the rate of iron uptake by transferrin receptor TfR1 at the apical/maternal side and of iron release by ferroportin FPN at the basal/fetal side is controlled by IRP1. In fetal hepatocytes, build up of fetal iron stores requires post-translational inhibition of FPN by the cell-autonomous action of hepcidin. In the fetal liver, FPN is also subject to additional control at the transcriptional level, possibly by the action of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF2α. The rates of apical iron uptake and basal iron release in the placenta are modulated according to iron availability in the maternal blood and the placenta's own needs. This placental modulation ensures that the amount of iron delivered to the fetal circulation is maintained within a normal range, even in the face of mild maternal iron deficiency or overload. However, when maternal iron deficiency or overload are extreme, placental modulation is not sufficient to maintain normal iron supply to the fetus, resulting in fetal iron deficiency and overload respectively. Thus, the rate of iron transfer at the fetomaternal interface is subject to several regulatory signals operating simultaneously in the maternal liver, the placenta and the fetal liver. These regulatory signals act in concert to maintain normal iron supply to the fetus within a wide range of maternal iron states, but fail to do so when maternal iron deficiency or overload are extreme. The limitations of existing experimental models must be overcome if we are to gain better understanding of the role of these regulatory signals in normal and complicated pregnancy. Ultimately, that understanding could help identify better markers of fetal iron demand and underpin novel iron replacement strategies to treat maternal and fetal iron deficiency.
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25
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Maio N, Zhang DL, Ghosh MC, Jain A, SantaMaria AM, Rouault TA. Mechanisms of cellular iron sensing, regulation of erythropoiesis and mitochondrial iron utilization. Semin Hematol 2021; 58:161-174. [PMID: 34389108 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To maintain an adequate iron supply for hemoglobin synthesis and essential metabolic functions while counteracting iron toxicity, humans and other vertebrates have evolved effective mechanisms to conserve and finely regulate iron concentration, storage, and distribution to tissues. At the systemic level, the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin is secreted by the liver in response to serum iron levels and inflammation. Hepcidin regulates the expression of the sole known mammalian iron exporter, ferroportin, to control dietary absorption, storage and tissue distribution of iron. At the cellular level, iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1 and IRP2) register cytosolic iron concentrations and post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of iron metabolism genes to optimize iron availability for essential cellular processes, including heme biosynthesis and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Genetic malfunctions affecting the iron sensing mechanisms or the main pathways that utilize iron in the cell cause a broad range of human diseases, some of which are characterized by mitochondrial iron accumulation. This review will discuss the mechanisms of systemic and cellular iron sensing with a focus on the main iron utilization pathways in the cell, and on human conditions that arise from compromised function of the regulatory axes that control iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunziata Maio
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - De-Liang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Manik C Ghosh
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anshika Jain
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anna M SantaMaria
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tracey A Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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26
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Sagar P, Angmo S, Sandhir R, Rishi V, Yadav H, Singhal NK. Effect of hepcidin antagonists on anemia during inflammatory disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107877. [PMID: 33895185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for the mammalian body however, its homeostasis must be regulated accurately for appropriate physiological functioning. Alterations in physiological iron levels can lead to moderate to severe iron disorders like chronic and acute iron deficiency (anemia) or iron overload. Hepcidin plays an important role in regulating homeostasis between circulating iron and stored iron in the cells as well as the absorption of dietary iron in the intestine. Inflammatory disorders restrict iron absorption from food due to increased circulating levels of hepcidin. Increased production of hepcidin causes ubiquitination of ferroportin (FPN) leading to its degradation, thereby retaining iron in the spleen, duodenal enterocytes, macrophages, and hepatocytes. Hepcidin inhibitors and antagonists play a consequential role to ameliorate inflammation-associated anemia. Many natural and synthesized compounds, able to reduce hepcidin expression during inflammation have been identified in recent years. Few of which are currently at various phases of clinical trial. This article comprises a comprehensive review of therapeutic approaches for the efficient treatment of anemia associated with inflammation. Many strategies have been developed targeting the hepcidin-FPN axis to rectify iron disorders. Hepcidin modulation with siRNAs, antibodies, chemical compounds, and plant extracts provides new insights for developing advanced therapeutics for iron-related disorders. Hepcidin antagonist's treatment has a high potential to improve iron status in patients with iron disorders, but their clinical success needs further recognition along with the identification and application of new therapeutic approaches.
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27
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Pandur E, Pap R, Montskó G, Jánosa G, Sipos K, Kovács GL. Fractalkine enhances endometrial receptivity and activates iron transport towards trophoblast cells in an in vitro co-culture system of HEC-1A and JEG-3 cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112583. [PMID: 33811904 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometrium receptivity and successful implantation require a complex network of regulatory factors whom production is strictly controlled especially at the implantation window. Many regulators like steroid hormones, prostaglandins, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins and downstream cell signalling pathways are involved in the process of embryo-endometrium interaction. Our work reveals the effect of fractalkine (FKN), a unique chemokine on progesterone receptor, SOX-17 and NRF2 expressions in HEC-1A endometrial cell line. FKN activates fractalkine receptor signalling and the expression of SOX-17 through progesterone receptor in HEC-1A endometrial cells, and as a consequence it increases endometrial receptivity. Fractalkine also activates the NRF2-Keap-1 signal transduction pathway regulating the IL-6 and IL-1β cytokine productions, which increase endometrial receptivity, as well. The NRF2 transcription factor increases the expression of the iron exporter ferroportin in HEC-1A cells activating iron release towards JEG-3 trophoblast cells. The iron measurements show that iron content of endometrial cells decreases while heme concentration increases at FKN treatment. At the same time, the trophoblast cells show increased iron uptake and total iron content. Based on our results it seems that FKN enhances the establishment of endometrial receptivity and meanwhile it regulates the iron homeostasis of endometrium contributing to the iron availability of the trophoblast cells and the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Pandur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus U. 2., Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ramóna Pap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus U. 2., Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Montskó
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624, Ifjúság út 20., Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624, Ifjúság út 20., Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Jánosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus U. 2., Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus U. 2., Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gábor L Kovács
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624, Ifjúság út 20., Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624, Ifjúság út 20., Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624, Ifjúság út 13., Pécs, Hungary.
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28
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Rishi G, Secondes ES, Wallace DF, Subramaniam VN. Evidence for dimerization of ferroportin in a human hepatic cell line using proximity ligation assays. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20191499. [PMID: 32301493 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20191499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the only known iron exporter ferroportin (FPN) in humans are associated with the autosomal dominantly inherited iron overload disorder ferroportin disease or type IV hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). While our knowledge of the central role of FPN in iron homeostasis has grown in the last 20 years, there exist some questions surrounding the structure and membrane topology of FPN with conflicting data on whether this receptor acts as a monomer or a multimer. To investigate and determine if FPN dimerization occurs in cells, we used novel tools including a variety of different FPN constructs expressing different tagged versions of the protein, a novel antibody that only detects cell surface FPN and proximity ligation assays. The results of the present study suggest that both the carboxy- and amino-termini of the FPN protein are intracellular. We also show that exogenously transfected FPN forms dimers; these dimers can be formed between the wild-type and mutant FPN proteins. This is the first study to examine the intracellular dimerization of FPN protein. Using proximity ligation assays, we show intracellular localization of FPN dimers and the interaction between FPN and hepcidin proteins as well. These results have important implications in the field of iron metabolism and add to our knowledge about FPN membrane topology and physiology of iron transport. This will be of importance in understanding the clinical implications of FPN mutations and of interest to future research aimed at targeting FPN expression to modulate iron homeostasis.
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29
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Bayele HK, Srai SKS. A disease-causing mutation K240E disrupts ferroportin trafficking by SUMO (ferroportin SUMOylation). Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100873. [PMID: 33490642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroportin (Fpn/IREG1/MTP1) is the only known transporter mediating iron efflux from epithelial cells and macrophages, and thus regulates how much iron is released into the circulation. Consequently, Fpn mutations are associated with haemochromatosis. Fpn itself is post-translationally regulated by hepcidin (Hepc) which induces its redistribution and degradation in a ubiquitin-dependent process. Together, the two proteins appear to be the nexus for iron homeostasis. Here we show that a rare gain-of-function mutation (K240E) that is associated with iron overload, impedes Fpn binding and subcellular trafficking by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). Whereas wild-type Fpn is ensconced within vesicular bodies, the FpnK240E mutant appeared diffused within the cell when co-expressed with SUMO. Furthermore, compared with wild type Fpn, the sumoylation-defective mutant was constitutively-active, resulting in a lower intracellular labile iron pool than the former. These findings suggest that SUMO may regulate iron homeostasis by controlling Fpn trafficking. Ferroportin (Fpn) regulates iron efflux. A disease causing mutation (K240E) in a patient causes iron-overload. Fpn K240 is a SUMO conjugation site important for Fpn trafficking to endosomes by SUMO. The Fpn mutant K240E cannot be trafficked properly by SUMO and is a gain-of-function mutant that is constitutively active. FpnK240E effluxes more iron from intracellular stores than wild type Fpn.
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30
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Haschka D, Hoffmann A, Weiss G. Iron in immune cell function and host defense. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 115:27-36. [PMID: 33386235 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The control over iron availability is crucial under homeostatic conditions and even more in the case of an infection. This results from diverse properties of iron: first, iron is an important trace element for the host as well as for the pathogen for various cellular and metabolic processes, second, free iron catalyzes Fenton reaction and is therefore producing reactive oxygen species as a part of the host defense machinery, third, iron exhibits important effects on immune cell function and differentiation and fourth almost every immune activation in turn impacts on iron metabolism and spatio-temporal iron distribution. The central importance of iron in the host and microbe interplay and thus for the course of infections led to diverse strategies to restrict iron for invading pathogens. In this review, we focus on how iron restriction to the pathogen is a powerful innate immune defense mechanism of the host called "nutritional immunity". Important proteins in the iron-host-pathogen interplay will be discussed as well as the influence of iron on the efficacy of innate and adaptive immunity. Recently described processes like ferritinophagy and ferroptosis are further covered in respect to their impact on inflammation and infection control and how they impact on our understanding of the interaction of host and pathogen.
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31
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de Las Cuevas Allende R, Díaz de Entresotos L, Conde Díez S. Anaemia of chronic diseases: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 156:235-42. [PMID: 33358297 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) is generated by the activation of the immune system by autoantigens, microbial molecules or tumour antigens resulting in the release of cytokines that cause an elevation of serum hepcidin, hypoferraemia, suppression of erythropoiesis, decrease in erythropoietin (EPO) and shortening of the half-life of red blood cells. Anaemia is usually normocytic and normochromic, which is the most prevalent after iron deficiency anaemia, and it is the most frequent in the elderly and in hospitalized patients. If the anaemia is severe, the patient's quality of life deteriorates, and it can have a negative impact on survival. Treatment is aimed at controlling the underlying disease and correcting anaemia. Sometimes intravenous iron and EPO have been used, but the therapeutic future is directed against hepcidin, which is the final target of anaemia.
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Abstract
Iron, the most common metal in the earth, is also an essential component for almost all living organisms. While these organisms require iron for many biological processes, too much or too little iron itself poses many issues; this is most easily recognized in human beings. The control of body iron levels is thus an important metabolic process which is regulated essentially by controlling the expression, activity and levels of the iron transporter ferroportin. Ferroportin is the only known iron exporter. The function and activity of ferroportin is influenced by its interaction with the iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin, which itself is regulated by many factors. Here we review the current state of understanding of the mechanisms that regulate ferroportin and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Rishi
- Hepatogenomics Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - V Nathan Subramaniam
- Hepatogenomics Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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33
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Link C, Knopf JD, Marques O, Lemberg MK, Muckenthaler MU. The role of cellular iron deficiency in controlling iron export. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129829. [PMID: 33340587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron export via the transport protein ferroportin (Fpn) plays a critical role in the regulation of dietary iron absorption and iron recycling in macrophages. Fpn plasma membrane expression is controlled by the hepatic iron-regulated hormone hepcidin in response to high iron availability and inflammation. Hepcidin binds to the central cavity of the Fpn transporter to block iron export either directly or by inducing Fpn internalization and lysosomal degradation. Here, we investigated whether iron deficiency affects Fpn protein turnover. METHODS We ectopically expressed Fpn in HeLa cells and used cycloheximide chase experiments to study basal and hepcidin-induced Fpn degradation under extracellular and intracellular iron deficiency. CONCLUSIONS/GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We show that iron deficiency does not affect basal Fpn turnover but causes a significant delay in hepcidin-induced degradation when cytosolic iron levels are low. These data have important mechanistic implications supporting the hypothesis that iron export is required for efficient targeting of Fpn by hepcidin. Additionally, we show that Fpn degradation is not involved in protecting cells from intracellular iron deficiency.
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34
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Ehsani S. COVID-19 and iron dysregulation: distant sequence similarity between hepcidin and the novel coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Biol Direct 2020; 15:19. [PMID: 33066821 PMCID: PMC7563913 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-020-00275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has attracted attention for its vaccine potential and binding capacity to host cell surface receptors. Much of this research focus has centered on the ectodomain of the spike protein. The ectodomain is anchored to a transmembrane region, followed by a cytoplasmic tail. Here we report a distant sequence similarity between the cysteine-rich cytoplasmic tail of the coronavirus spike protein and the hepcidin protein that is found in humans and other vertebrates. Hepcidin is thought to be the key regulator of iron metabolism in humans through its inhibition of the iron-exporting protein ferroportin. An implication of this preliminary observation is to suggest a potential route of investigation in the coronavirus research field making use of an already-established literature on the interplay of local and systemic iron regulation, cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes, respiratory infections and the hepcidin protein. The question of possible homology and an evolutionary connection between the viral spike protein and hepcidin is not assessed in this report, but some scenarios for its study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Ehsani
- Theoretical and Philosophical Biology, Department of Philosophy, University College London, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
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35
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Tippairote T, Bjørklund G, Peana M, Roytrakul S. The Proteomics Study of Compounded HFE/TF/TfR2/HJV Genetic Variations in a Thai Family with Iron Overload, Chronic Anemia, and Motor Neuron Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:545-555. [PMID: 32895881 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mutation of the homeostatic iron regulatory genes (HFE) impaired the hepatic hepcidin transcription leading to the chronic excess of the iron pool, with the adverse consequences of free radical oxidative damages. We herein reported the findings of Thai family members who had the compound of uncommon HFE rs2794719, together with transferrin (TF) rs1867504, transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) rs7385804, and hemojuvelin (HJV) rs16827043 genetic variants involved in the hepcidin transcriptional pathway. These compounded genetic variants could produce the spectrum of clinical phenotypes that spanned from mild to moderate symptoms of chronic anemia to an established motor neuron disorder. The feasible pathophysiologies were the impairment of the transferrin receptor functions, which affected the endocytic uptake of halo-transferrin into the erythroblast precursors. Such a defect left the erythropoiesis depleted of their iron supply. These alterations also promoted the TfR-independent uptake of iron into other target tissues and left the TrF2/BMP-dependent-hepcidin activation pathway unattended. We used the predicted molecular interactive proteomes to support our speculated dysregulated iron metabolism. During the early stage of an elevated ferritin level, there was no inhibition of ferroportin activities from hepcidin. These pathophysiological processes went on to the point of an iron overload threshold. After that, the hepcidin transcription started to kick in with the resulting decreased serum iron levels and deterioration of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsak Tippairote
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,BBH Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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36
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Petrova E, Pavlova E, Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalny AV, Rashev P, Vladov I, Gluhcheva Y. Cobalt accumulation and iron-regulatory protein profile expression in immature mouse brain after perinatal exposure to cobalt chloride. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109217. [PMID: 32750324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing brain is very sensitive to the influence of environmental factors during gestation and the neonatal period. The aim of the study is to assess cobalt and iron accumulation in the brain as well as changes in the expression of iron-regulatory proteins transferrin receptor 1, hepcidin, and ferroportin in suckling mice. Perinatal exposure to cobalt chloride increased significantly cobalt content in brain tissue homogenates of 18-day-old (d18) and 25-day-old (d25) mice inducing alterations in brain iron homeostasis. Higher degree of transferrin receptor 1 expression was demonstrated in cobalt chloride-exposed mice with no substantial changes between d18 and d25 mice. A weak ferroportin expression was found in 18-day-old control and cobalt-treated mouse brain. Cobalt exposure of d25 mice resulted in increased ferroportin expression in brain compared to the untreated age-matched control group. Hepcidin level in cobalt-exposed groups was decreased in d18 mice and slightly increased in d25 mice. The obtained data contribute for the better understanding of metal toxicity impact on iron homeostasis in the developing brain with further possible implications in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Petrova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- P G Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia; I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- P G Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, 460000, Russia.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia; Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, 460000, Russia.
| | - Pavel Rashev
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko shose Blvd 73, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivelin Vladov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Yordanka Gluhcheva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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37
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Ledesma-Colunga MG, Baschant U, Fiedler IAK, Busse B, Hofbauer LC, Muckenthaler MU, Altamura S, Rauner M. Disruption of the hepcidin/ ferroportin regulatory circuitry causes low axial bone mass in mice. Bone 2020; 137:115400. [PMID: 32380257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroportin (FPN) is the only known iron exporter. Mutations conferring resistance of FPN to hepcidin-mediated degradation cause the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis type 4. While iron overload is associated with low bone mass, the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the disruption in the hepcidin/FPN axis in FpnC326S mice and subsequent systemic iron accumulation impacts on bone tissue to a similar extent as in Hfe-/- mice, which are hallmarked by a milder iron overload phenotype. Hfe-/- and FpnC326S mice show increased plasma iron levels and liver iron content, whereas iron overload was more pronounced in FpnC326S compared to Hfe-/- mice. Bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness at the femur were not different between 10 and 14-week-old male wild-type (WT), Hfe-/- and FpnC326S mice. By contrast, both Hfe-/- and FpnC326S mice exhibited a lower bone volume fraction [Hfe-/-, 24%; FpnC326S, 33%; p < 0.05] and trabecular thickness [Hfe-/-, 10%; FpnC326S, 15%; p < 0.05] in the fourth lumbar vertebra compared to WT mice. Analysis of the bone formation rate at the tibia showed no difference in both genotypes, but it was reduced in the vertebral bone of FpnC326S [36%, p < 0.05] compared to WT mice. Serum levels of the bone formation marker, P1NP, were significantly reduced in both, Hfe-/- and FpnC326S compared with WT mice [Hfe-/-, 35%; FpnC326S, 40%; p < 0.05]. Also, the intrinsic differentiation capacity of FpnC326S osteoblasts was impaired. Osteoclast parameters were not grossly affected. Interestingly, the liver iron content and plasma iron levels negatively correlated with the bone formation rate and serum levels of P1NP. Thus, disruption of the hepcidin/ferroportin regulatory axis in FpnC326S mice results in axial bone loss due to suppressed bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Ledesma-Colunga
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke A K Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Honma Y, Karasuyama T, Kumamoto K, Shimajiri S, Toki Y, Tatsumi Y, Sumida K, Koikawa K, Morino K, Oe S, Miyagawa K, Yamasaki M, Shibata M, Abe S, Ikuta K, Hayashi H, Harada M. Type 4B hereditary hemochromatosis due to heterozygous p.D157A mutation in SLC40A1 complicated with hypopituitarism. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:60-7. [PMID: 32607777 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemochromatosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by iron overload in various organs. We present here a case of type 4 hereditary hemochromatosis due to heterozygous mutation in SLC40A1 gene (p.D157A). SLC40A1 encodes ferroportin, a macromolecule only known as iron exporter from mammalian cells. He first presented symptoms correlated with hypopituitarism. Furthermore, marked hyperferritinemia and high transferrin saturation were revealed in combination with the findings of iron overload in the liver, spleen and pituitary gland by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Liver biopsy revealed iron deposition in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. SLC40A1 mutations are considered to cause wide heterogeneity by various ferroportin mutations. Thus, clinicopathological examinations seem to be very important for diagnosing phenotype of type 4 hemochromatosis in addition to the gene analysis. We diagnosed him as type 4B hereditary hemochromatosis (ferroportin-associated hemochromatosis) by the findings of high transferrin saturation and iron deposition in hepatocytes, and then started iron chelating treatment. We should suspect the possibility of hereditary hemochromatosis even in Japanese with severe iron overload. Although the same mutation in SLC40A1 gene (p.D157A) had been reported to cause "loss of function" phenotype, we considered that the mutation of our case caused "gain of function" phenotype.
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39
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Katsarou A, Pantopoulos K. Basics and principles of cellular and systemic iron homeostasis. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100866. [PMID: 32564977 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a constituent of many metalloproteins involved in vital metabolic functions. While adequate iron supply is critical for health, accumulation of excess iron promotes oxidative stress and causes tissue injury and disease. Therefore, iron homeostasis needs to be tightly controlled. Mammals have developed elegant homeostatic mechanisms at the cellular and systemic level, which serve to satisfy metabolic needs for iron and to minimize the risks posed by iron's toxicity. Cellular iron metabolism is post-transcriptionally controlled by iron regulatory proteins, IRP1 and IRP2, while systemic iron balance is regulated by the iron hormone hepcidin. This review summarizes basic principles of mammalian iron homeostasis at the cellular and systemic level. Particular attention is given on pathways for hepcidin regulation and on crosstalk between cellular and systemic homeostatic mechanisms.
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40
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Ravasi G, Pelucchi S, Russo A, Mariani R, Piperno A. Ferroportin disease: A novel SLC40A1 mutation. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:688-690. [PMID: 32360131 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ravasi
- University of Milano-Bicocca - Department of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Pelucchi
- University of Milano-Bicocca - Department of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Medical Genetics - ASST-Monza, S.Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariani
- Centre for Rare Diseases - Disorders of Iron Metabolism - ASST-Monza, EuroBloodNet Referral Centre, S.Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alberto Piperno
- University of Milano-Bicocca - Department of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; Medical Genetics - ASST-Monza, S.Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Centre for Rare Diseases - Disorders of Iron Metabolism - ASST-Monza, EuroBloodNet Referral Centre, S.Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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41
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Abstract
Iron plays an essential role in normal biological processes: The generation of cellular energy, oxygen transport, DNA synthesis and repair are all processes that require iron-coordinated proteins, either as elemental iron, heme or iron-sulfur clusters. As a transition metal with two major biological oxidation states, iron is also a critical intermediate in the generation of reactive oxygen species that can damage cellular structures and contribute to both aging and cancer. In this review, we focus on experimental and epidemiologic evidence that links iron and cancer, as well as strategies that have been proposed to either reduce or increase cellular iron for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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42
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Varghese J, Varghese James J, Karthikeyan M, Rasalkar K, Raghavan R, Sukumaran A, Premkumar PS, Eapen CE, Jacob M. Iron homeostasis is dysregulated, but the iron-hepcidin axis is functional, in chronic liver disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 58:126442. [PMID: 31835128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbations in iron homeostasis have been reported to be associated with irreversible liver injury in chronic liver disease (CLD). However, it is not clear whether liver dysfunction per se underlies such dysregulation or whether other factors also contribute to it. This study attempted to examine the issues involved. METHODS Patients diagnosed to have chronic liver disease (n = 63), who underwent a medically-indicated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, were the subjects of this study. Patients with dyspepsia, who underwent such a procedure, and were found to have no endoscopic abnormalities, were used as control subjects (n = 49). Duodenal mucosal samples were obtained to study mRNA and protein levels of duodenal proteins involved in iron absorption. A blood sample was also obtained for estimation of hematological, iron-related, inflammatory and liver function-related parameters. RESULTS Patients with CLD had impaired liver function, anemia of inflammation and lower serum levels of hepcidin than control subjects. Gene (mRNA) expression levels of duodenal ferroportin and duodenal cytochrome b (proteins involved in iron absorption) were decreased, while that of divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1) was unchanged. Protein expression of DMT-1 was, however, decreased while that of ferroportin was unchanged. In the CLD group, serum hepcidin was predicted independently by serum ferritin and hemoglobin, but not by C-reactive protein (a marker of inflammation). CLD patients with serum ferritin greater than 300 μg/dL had significantly greater liver dysfunction (as indicated by significantly higher serum concentrations of bilirubin, AST and ALT, and MELD scores), higher serum concentrations of CRP and hepcidin, and higher ferroportin protein expression, than those with serum ferritin ≤ 300 μg/dL. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CLD, anemia of inflammation and low serum hepcidin levels were found to paradoxically co-exist. Expression of duodenal proteins involved in iron absorption were either decreased or unaltered in these patients. The hepcidin response to higher body iron levels and/or inflammation appeared to be functional in these patients, despite the presence of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Varghese
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | | | | | - Kavita Rasalkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Ramya Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Abitha Sukumaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Prasanna S Premkumar
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India; Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - C E Eapen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Molly Jacob
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India.
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Abstract
Cancer metabolism is a well-known target of cancer therapeutics. Classically, cancer metabolism has been studied in terms of the dependence of cancer cells on crucial metabolites, such as glucose and glutamine. But, the accumulating data show that iron metabolism in tumor microenvironment is also an important factor in preserving the survival of cancer cells. Cancer cells have a distinct phenotype of iron metabolism, which secures the much-needed iron for these metabolically active cells. In order to use this iron efficiently, cancer cells need to increase their iron supply and decrease iron loss. As recent research suggests, this is not only done by modifying the expression of iron-related proteins in cancer cells, but also by interaction of cancer cells with other cells from the tumor milieu. Tumor microenvironment is a dynamic environment characterized with intricate relationship between cancer cells, tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells. Some of the mechanistic aspects of this relationship have been elucidated, while others are yet to be identified. In any case, identifying the details of the iron phenotype of the cells in tumor microenvironment presents with a new therapeutic opportunity to treat this deadly disease.
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Ashok A, Chaudhary S, McDonald D, Kritikos A, Bhargava D, Singh N. Local synthesis of hepcidin in the anterior segment of the eye: A novel observation with physiological and pathological implications. Exp Eye Res 2020; 190:107890. [PMID: 31811823 PMCID: PMC6931014 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The avascular cornea, trabecular meshwork (TM), and lens obtain iron, an essential biometal, from the aqueous humor (AH). The mechanism by which this exchange is regulated, however, is unclear. Recently we reported that non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells express ferroportin (Fpn) (Ashok, 2018b), an iron export protein modulated by hepcidin, the master regulator of iron homeostasis secreted mainly by the liver. Here, we explored whether ciliary epithelial and other cells in the anterior segment synthesize hepcidin, suggesting local regulation of iron exchange at this site. METHODS Human and bovine eyes were dissected to isolate the ciliary body (CB), corneal endothelial (CE), TM, lens epithelial (LE), and outer epithelial cell layer of the iris. Total mRNA and protein lysates were processed to evaluate the synthesis and expression of hepcidin, the iron regulatory peptide hormone, Fpn, the only known iron export protein, ceruloplasmin (Cp), a ferroxidase necessary for iron export, transferrin receptor (TfR), a major iron uptake protein, and ferritin, a major iron storage protein. A combination of techniques including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of total mRNA, Western blotting of protein lysates, and immunofluorescence of fixed tissue sections were used to accomplish these goals. RESULTS RT-PCR of isolated tissue samples revealed hepcidin-specific mRNA in the CB, TM, CE, and LE of the bovine eye. Western blotting of protein lysates from these tissues showed reactivity for hepcidin, Fpn, ferritin, and TfR. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of similar tissues isolated from cadaveric human eyes showed expression of hepcidin, Fpn, and Cp in these samples. Notably, Fpn and Cp were expressed on the basolateral membrane of non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, facing the AH. CONCLUSIONS Synthesis and expression of hepcidin and Fpn in the ciliary epithelium suggests local regulation of iron transport from choroidal plexus in the ciliary body to the AH across the blood-aqueous barrier. Expression of hepcidin and Fpn in CE, TM, and LE cells indicates additional regulation of iron exchange between the AH and cornea, TM, and lens, suggesting autonomous regulation of iron homeostasis in the anterior segment. Physiological and pathological implications of these observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ashok
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Dallas McDonald
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alexander Kritikos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Disha Bhargava
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Neena Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Boumaiza M, Poli M, Carmona F, Asperti M, Gianoncelli A, Bertuzzi M, Arosio P, Marzouki MN. Cellular binding analysis of recombinant hybrid heteropolymer of camel hepcidin and human ferritin H chain. The unexpected human H-ferritin binding to J774 murine macrophage cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1265-1273. [PMID: 31838658 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is a molecule with enormous potentiality in biotechnology that have been already used to encapsulate molecules, as contrast in magnetic resonance imaging and to carry epitopes. We proposed to use it to carry another key protein of iron metabolism, hepcidin that is a small hormone peptide that control systemic iron homeostasis. In this work, we purified the previously produced camel hepcidin and human H-ferritin heteropolymer (HepcH-FTH) and to monitor its binding capability toward J744 cell line in presence or absence of ferric ammonium citrate. Fused camel hepcidin and human H-ferritin monomer (HepcH) as well as the assembled HepcH-FTH heteropolymer (ratio 1:5) was easily purified by a one-step purification using size exclusion chromatography. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of HepcH, purified from soluble and insoluble fractions, showed a single band of 24 kDa with an estimated purity of at least 90%. The purification yields of HepcH from the soluble and insoluble fractions was, respectively, of about 6.80 and 2 mg/L of bacterial culture. Time curse cellular binding assays of HepcH-FTH revealed its great potential to bind the J774 cells after 15 min of incubation. Furthermore, HepcH-FTH was able to degrade ferroportin, the unique hepcidin receptor, even after 30 min of incubation with J774 cells treated with 100 µM ferric ammonium citrate. In conclusion, we proposed ferritin as a peptide carrier to promote the association of the hybrid HepcH-FTH nanoparticle with a particular type of cell for therapeutic or diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Boumaiza
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives, Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (I.N.S.A.T.), BP 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia. .,Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Biofermentation Unit, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, place Pasteur, BP. 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Maura Poli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fernando Carmona
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Asperti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Proteomics Platform, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Bertuzzi
- Proteomics Platform, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Proteomics Platform, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohamed Nejib Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives, Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (I.N.S.A.T.), BP 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
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Pan S, Qian ZM, Cui S, Zhao D, Lan W, Wang X, Chen X. Local hepcidin increased intracellular iron overload via the degradation of ferroportin in the kidney. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:322-327. [PMID: 31761321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis. Some studies showed that exogenous hepcidin decreased the expression of divalent metal transporter (DMT1) rather than ferroportin(FPN1) to regulate renal iron metabolism. This study explored the effects of hepcidin synthesized by the kidney and its mechanism of iron regulation. METHODS In the in vivo experiments, mice were divided into a unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model group and a sham operation group, and mice in the UUO model group were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The expression of renal hepcidin, FPN1, DMT1 and the retention of renal iron were studied. In the in vitro experiments, we overexpressed hepcidin in HK-2 cells. Then we tested the expression of renal hepcidin, FPN1, DMT1 and observed the production of intracellular ferrous ions. RESULTS Renal hepcidin expression was consistently higher in the UUO group than in the sham group from the first day. The expression of FPN1 gradually decreased, and the expression of DMT1 gradually increased in the UUO model. Intracellular ferrous ions significantly increased on the first day of the UUO model. In hepcidin overexpressed HK-2 cells, the expression of FPN1 was decreased, while the expression of DMT1 has no significant change. In addition, production of intracellular ferrous ions increased. CONCLUSION local hepcidin can regulate iron metabolism in the kidney by adjusting the expression of FPN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Delong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiren Lan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Baumann BH, Shu W, Song Y, Simpson EM, Lakhal-Littleton S, Dunaief JL. Ferroportin-mediated iron export from vascular endothelial cells in retina and brain. Exp Eye Res 2019; 187:107728. [PMID: 31323276 PMCID: PMC6759385 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Retinal iron accumulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. The retina and the brain are protected from the systemic circulation by the blood retinal barrier (BRB) and blood brain barrier (BBB), respectively. Iron levels within the retina and brain need to be tightly regulated to prevent oxidative injury. The method of iron entry through the retina and brain vascular endothelial cells (r&bVECs), an essential component of the BRB and BBB, is not fully understood. However, localization of the cellular iron exporter, ferroportin (Fpn), to the abluminal membrane of these cells, leads to the hypothesis that Fpn may play an important role in the import of iron across the BRB and BBB. To test this hypothesis, a mouse model with deletion of Fpn within the VECs in both the retina and the brain was developed through tail vein injection of AAV9-Ple261(CLDN5)-icre to both experimental Fpnf/f, and control Fpn+/+ mice at P21. Mice were aged to 9 mo and changes in retinal and brain iron distribution were observed. In vivo fundus imaging and quantitative serum iron detection were used for model validation. Eyes and brains were collected for immunofluorescence. Deletion of Fpn from the retinal and brain VECs leads to ferritin-L accumulation, an indicator of elevated iron levels, in the retinal and brain VECs. This occurred despite lower serum iron levels in the experimental mice. This result suggests that Fpn normally transfers iron from retinal and brain VECs into the retina and brain. These results help to better define the method of retina and brain iron import and will increase understanding of neurodegenerative diseases involving iron accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey H Baumann
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Wanting Shu
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Ying Song
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Simpson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada.
| | - Samira Lakhal-Littleton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 305 Stellar-Chance Laboratory, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Bailey DK, Kosman DJ. Is brain iron trafficking part of the physiology of the amyloid precursor protein? J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1171-7. [PMID: 31578640 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein is so named, because a proteolytic fragment of it was found associated with a neuropathic disorder now known as Alzheimer's disease. This fragment, Aβ, along with tau makes up the plaques and tangles that are the hallmark of AD. Iron (and other first-row transition metals) is found associated with these proteinaceous deposits. Much research has focused on the relationship of the plaques and iron to the etiology of the disease. This commentary asks another question, one only more recently addressed namely, what is the physiologic function of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and of its secretase-generated soluble species? Overall, the data make clear that APP and its products have neurotrophic functions and some data indicate one of these may be to modulate the trafficking of iron in the brain.
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Abstract
Dysregulation of metabolism and utilization of iron can lead to the development and maintenance of anemia of CKD. Anemia is prevalent among patients with CKD. The markers of iron sufficiency or availability of iron are far from perfect which results in inaccurate diagnosis and treatment of anemia with poor outcomes. Hepcidin, a 25 amino acid peptide produced by the hepatocytes, has emerged as the key regulator of uptake and release of iron in the tissues to maintain a steady supply of iron to erythron and other tissues while avoiding higher levels of iron that could be detrimental to the organs. Hepcidin itself is regulated by the supply of iron, the need for erythropoiesis, and the state of inflammation. Alterations in hepcidin levels are associated with restricted erythropoiesis, anemia, and iron overload. Discovery of hepcidin and elucidation of its mechanism of action and consequences of its upregulation and suppression have unraveled important insight into many hematologic disorders including anemia of CKD. This knowledge has also unlocked unique opportunities to modulate hepcidin via agonists and antagonists of hepcidin and its feedback pathways to treat clinical conditions. Many such agents are being developed and have potential therapeutic utility in future.
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Abstract
Heart disease is a common manifestation in conditions of iron imbalance. Normal heart function requires coupling of iron supply for oxidative phosphorylation and redox signalling with tight control of intracellular iron to below levels at which excessive ROS are generated. Iron supply to the heart is dependent on systemic iron availability which is controlled by the systemic hepcidin/ferroportin axis. Intracellular iron in cardiomyocytes is controlled in part by the iron regulatory proteins IRP1/2. This mini-review summarises current understanding of how cardiac cells regulate intracellular iron levels, and of the mechanisms linking cardiac dysfunction with iron imbalance. It also highlights a newly-recognised mechanism of intracellular iron homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, based on a cell-autonomous cardiac hepcidin/ferroportin axis. This new understanding raises pertinent questions on the interplay between systemic and local iron control in the context of heart disease, and the effects on heart function of therapies targeting the systemic hepcidin/ferroportin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Lakhal-Littleton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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