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Caliskan-Aydogan O, Sharief SA, Alocilja EC. Rapid Isolation of Low-Level Carbapenem-Resistant E. coli from Water and Foods Using Glycan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:902. [PMID: 37887095 PMCID: PMC10605215 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are one of the major global issues needing attention. Among them, carbapenemase-producing (CP) E. coli strains are commonly found in clinical and biological samples. Rapid and cost-effective detection of such strains is critical in minimizing their deleterious impact. While promising progress is being made in rapid detection platforms, separation and enrichment of bacteria are required to ensure the detection of low bacterial counts. The current separation methods, such as centrifugation, filtration, electrophoresis, and immunomagnetic separation, are often tedious, expensive, or ineffective for clinical and biological samples. Further, the extraction and concentration of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) are not well documented. Thus, this study assessed the applicability of cost-effective glycan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (gMNPs) for simple and rapid extraction of CP E. coli. The study included two resistant (R)strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing E. coli (R: KPC) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing E. coli (R: NDM). A susceptible E. coli (S) strain was used as a control, a reference bacterium. The gMNPs successfully extracted and concentrated E. coli (R) and E. coli (S) at low concentrations from large volumes of buffer solution, water, and food samples. The gMNPs concentrated up to two and five times their initial concentration for E. coli (R) and E. coli (S) in the buffer solution, respectively. In water and food samples, the concentration of E. coli (S) and E. coli (R) were similar and ranged 1-3 times their initial inoculation. A variation in the concentration from different food samples was seen, displaying the impact of food microstructure and natural microflora. The cost-effective and rapid bacterial cell capture by gMNPs was achieved in 15 min, and its successful binding to the bacterial cells in the buffer solution and food matrices was also confirmed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). These results show promising applications of gMNPs to extract pathogens and ARB from biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oznur Caliskan-Aydogan
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (O.C.-A.); (S.A.S.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Saad Asadullah Sharief
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (O.C.-A.); (S.A.S.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Evangelyn C. Alocilja
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (O.C.-A.); (S.A.S.)
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Effah CY, Ding L, Tan L, He S, Li X, Yuan H, Li Y, Liu S, Sun T, Wu Y. A SERS bioassay based on vancomycin-modified PEI-interlayered nanocomposite and aptamer-functionalized SERS tags for synchronous detection of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Food Chem 2023; 423:136242. [PMID: 37196408 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) are two important gram-negative bacteria that cause pneumonia and have been recently known to be associated with food. The rapid detection of these pathogens in food is important to minimize their colonization of the gut and stop new threats of the disease from spreading across the food chain. Herein, a double-edged sword aptasensor was developed for the synchronous detection of KP and AB in food and clinical samples. A highly sensitive, selective, specific, and synchronous detection of the target bacteria was achieved, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 10 cells/mL with a liner range of 50 to 105 cells/mL. The total assay time was 1.5 h. This study does not only provide a new tool for the detection of the target bacteria, but also serves as a promising tool for food safety and pneumonia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yaw Effah
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Longlong Tan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Li
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Huijie Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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3
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Zhou M, Li C, Fang J. Noble-Metal Based Random Alloy and Intermetallic Nanocrystals: Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 121:736-795. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Can Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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4
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Pang Y, Wan N, Shi L, Wang C, Sun Z, Xiao R, Wang S. Dual-recognition surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)biosensor for pathogenic bacteria detection by using vancomycin-SERS tags and aptamer-Fe 3O 4@Au. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:288-296. [PMID: 31307721 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable detection of pathogenic bacteria is vital to prevent and control bacterial diseases. In this study, we present a magnetically assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor based on the dual-recognition of bacterial cell by aptamer and antibiotic molecules. Aptamer-Fe3O4@Au magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs) were synthesized as magnetic and SERS activated substrate for specific bacteria enrichment, vancomycin-SERS tags (Au@MBA) were prepared for the sensitive quantification of pathogenic bacteria. Due to the Au-shell based dual-SERS enhancement and aptamer/vancomycin based dual-recognition ability, a detection limit of 3 cells/mL with a wide dynamic linear range from 10 to 107 cells/mL can be achieved within 50 min without other non-target bacteria interference. When applied in real samples, the approach shows recoveries from 95.0% to 106.4% with relative standard derivation (RSD) less than 5.3%. The SERS strategy could be used to detect a broad range of bacteria by using different aptamers, moreover, the simple operation and precise quantification ability empower this assay great potential in the application of food safety and infectious disease point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Pang
- Capital Medical University, Department of Toxicology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Nan Wan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, PR China; The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Luoluo Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Chongwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Capital Medical University, Department of Toxicology, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
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5
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Basso CR, Crulhas BP, Magro M, Vianello F, Pedrosa VA. A new immunoassay of hybrid nanomater conjugated to aptamers for the detection of dengue virus. Talanta 2019; 197:482-490. [PMID: 30771965 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new immunosensor using hybrid nanomaterials for the detection of dengue virus was demonstrated in this work. This immunosensor composed of nanoparticles of γ-Fe2O3(SAMN) modified with MPA- SAMN@MPA was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy,quartz crystal microbalance, UV-vis and LSPR technique. The binding of SAMN@MPA with AuNPs conjugated with aptamers(SAMN@MPA@AuNPs@aptamer) provides specific chemical bonds to four dengue serotypes. Colorimetric changes in the modification steps provided rapid visual detection of the virus without the use of equipment. Variations of aptamers concentrations 1.0-10.0 μM where the 3.0 μM aptamer concentration is sufficient to completely cover the surface of the modified AuNPs with an R2 value of> 0.99. This new proposed methodology presenting some advantages in relation to traditional detection methods such as time optimization and cost,can be used as a diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Basso
- Institute of Bioscience, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Crulhas
- Institute of Bioscience, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valber A Pedrosa
- Institute of Bioscience, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Guo X, Qian X, Wang Y, Zheng H. Magnetic micro-particle conditioning-pressurized vertical electro-osmotic dewatering (MPEOD) of activated sludge: Role and behavior of moisture and organics. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 74:147-158. [PMID: 30340668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a magnetic micro-particle conditioning-pressurized vertical electro-osmotic dewatering (MPEOD) process with magnetic micro-particle conditioning-drainage under gravity-mechanical compression-electrical compression (MMPC-DG-MC-EC) stages was established to study the distribution and migration of water, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and other organic matter in the activated sludge (AS) matrix at each stage. Results showed that the MPEOD process could attain 53.52% water content (WC) in dewatered AS with bound water (BW) and free water (FW) reduction rates of 82.97% and 99.67%, respectively. The coagulation and time-delayed magnetic field effects of magnetic micro-particles (MMPs) along the MMPC-DG-MC stages initiated the transformation of partial BW to FW in AS. EC had a coupling driving effect of electro-osmosis and pressure on BW, and the changes in pH and temperature at EC stage induced the aggregation of AS flocs and the release of partial BW. Additionally, MMPs dosing further improved the dewatering performance of AS by acting as skeleton builders to provide water passages. Meanwhile, MMPs could disintegrate sludge cells and EPS fractions, thereby reducing tryptophan-like protein and byproduct-like material concentrations in LB-EPS as well as protein/polysaccharide ratio in AS matrix, which could improve AS filterability. At EC stage, the former four Ex/Em regions of fluorescence regional integration analysis for EPS were obviously reduced, especially the protein-like substances in LB- and TB-EPS, which contributed to improvement of AS dewaterability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Water Resource Development Research Center of Taihu Basin Authority, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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7
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Armenia I, Marcone GL, Berini F, Orlandi VT, Pirrone C, Martegani E, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Marinelli F. Magnetic Nanoconjugated Teicoplanin: A Novel Tool for Bacterial Infection Site Targeting. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2270. [PMID: 30386305 PMCID: PMC6199386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoconjugated antibiotics can be regarded as next-generation drugs as they possess remarkable potential to overcome multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used in the biomedical field because of their biocompatibility and magnetic properties. More recently, IONPs have been investigated as potential nanocarriers for antibiotics to be magnetically directed to/recovered from infection sites. Here, we conjugated the “last-resort” glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin to IONPs after surface functionalization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). Classical microbiological methods and fluorescence and electron microscopy analysis were used to compare antimicrobial activity and surface interactions of naked IONPs, amino-functionalized NPs (NP-APTES), and nanoconjugated teicoplanin (NP-TEICO) with non-conjugated teicoplanin. As bacterial models, differently resistant strains of three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis) and a Gram-negative representative (Escherichia coli) were used. The results indicated that teicoplanin conjugation conferred a valuable and prolonged antimicrobial activity to IONPs toward Gram-positive bacteria. No antimicrobial activity was detected using NP-TEICO toward the Gram-negative E. coli. Although IONPs and NP-APTES showed only insignificant antimicrobial activity in comparison to NP-TEICO, our data indicate that they might establish diverse interaction patterns at bacterial surfaces. Sensitivity of bacteria to NPs varied according to the surface provided by the bacteria and it was species specific. In addition, conjugation of teicoplanin improved the cytocompatibility of IONPs toward two human cell lines. Finally, NP-TEICO inhibited the formation of S. aureus biofilm, conserving the activity of non-conjugated teicoplanin versus planktonic cells and improving it toward adherent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Armenia
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Pirrone
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eleonora Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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8
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Facile recycling of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from suspensions using magnetic modification method and mechanism analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 169:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Enhanced Magnetic and Optical Properties for Emerging Biological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Zhang C, Wang C, Xiao R, Tang L, Huang J, Wu D, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wang S, Chen X. Sensitive and specific detection of clinical bacteria via vancomycin-modified Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles and aptamer-functionalized SERS tags. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3751-3761. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00504d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive SERS platform for the simultaneous detection of S. aureus and E. coli on the basis of dual recognition by vancomycin and aptamers is reported.
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11
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Dinali R, Ebrahiminezhad A, Manley-Harris M, Ghasemi Y, Berenjian A. Iron oxide nanoparticles in modern microbiology and biotechnology. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:493-507. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1267708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranmadugala Dinali
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Ebrahiminezhad
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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12
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Surface-Modified Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Rapid Capture, Detection, and Removal of Pathogens: a Potential Material for Water Purification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:598-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Yang X, Zhou X, Zhu M, Xing D. Sensitive detection of Listeria monocytogenes based on highly efficient enrichment with vancomycin-conjugated brush-like magnetic nano-platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 91:238-245. [PMID: 28013018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens pose a significant threat to public health worldwide. Despite many technological advances in the rapid diagnosis of pathogens, sensitive pathogen detection remains challenging because target pathogenic bacteria usually exist in complex samples at very low concentrations. Here, the construction of multivalent brush-like magnetic nanoprobes and their application for the efficient enriching of pathogens are demonstrated. Brush-like magnetic nanoprobes were constructed by modification with poly-L-lysine (PLL) onto amino-modified magnetic beads, followed by coupling of PEG (amine-PEG5000-COOH) to the amine sites of PLL. Subsequently, vancomycin (Van), a small-molecule antibiotic with affinity to the terminal peptide (D-alanyl-D-alanine) on the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, was conjugated to the carboxyl of the PEG. The use of multivalent brush-like magnetic nanoprobes (Van-PEG-PLL-MNPs) results in a high enrichment efficiency (>94%) and satisfactory purity for Listeria monocytogenes (employed as a model) within 20min, even at bacterial concentrations of only 102cfumL-1. Integrated with the enrichment of the Van-PEG-PLL-MNP nano-platform and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection, Listeria monocytogenes can be rapidly and accurately detected at levels as low as 10cfumL-1. The approach described herein holds great potential for realizing rapid and sensitive pathogen detection in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Minjun Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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14
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Gilroy KD, Ruditskiy A, Peng HC, Qin D, Xia Y. Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10414-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1109] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Gilroy
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | | | | | - Younan Xia
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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Hao N, Neranon K, Ramström O, Yan M. Glyconanomaterials for biosensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:113-30. [PMID: 26212205 PMCID: PMC4637221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials constitute a class of structures that have unique physiochemical properties and are excellent scaffolds for presenting carbohydrates, important biomolecules that mediate a wide variety of important biological events. The fabrication of carbohydrate-presenting nanomaterials, glyconanomaterials, is of high interest and utility, combining the features of nanoscale objects with biomolecular recognition. The structures can also produce strong multivalent effects, where the nanomaterial scaffold greatly enhances the relatively weak affinities of single carbohydrate ligands to the corresponding receptors, and effectively amplifies the carbohydrate-mediated interactions. Glyconanomaterials are thus an appealing platform for biosensing applications. In this review, we discuss the chemistry for conjugation of carbohydrates to nanomaterials, summarize strategies, and tabulate examples of applying glyconanomaterials in in vitro and in vivo sensing applications of proteins, microbes, and cells. The limitations and future perspectives of these emerging glyconanomaterials sensing systems are furthermore discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Kitjanit Neranon
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Qian X, Wang Y, Zheng H. Migration and distribution of water and organic matter for activated sludge during coupling magnetic conditioning-horizontal electro-dewatering (CM-HED). WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:93-103. [PMID: 26476680 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic micro-particles (MMPs) and magnetic field (MF) were utilized as a coupling conditioning unit before dewatering activated sludge (AS) under a horizontal electric field. The removal and migration of free and bound water in AS during coupling magnetic conditioning-horizontal electro-dewatering (CM-HED) were determined. The organic matter migration between the solid and liquid phases of AS biosolids was also analyzed. Results show that MMPs dosage and MF intensity were determined as 0.15 g/g dry solids and 0.065 T for the best dewaterability, respectively. The optimum dewatering conditions for CM-HED with the final water content of 89.98% were 40 V and 120 min as determined using the response surface methodology. MMPs conditioning could induce a slight coagulation among AS flocs, increase the particle size from 85.9 μm to 92.3 μm and decrease mass fractal dimension from 2.18 to 2.07. The MMPs-conditioned AS also showed a network-like structure, banded cells with shrunk surfaces. CM-HED process effectively reduced the free water content (FWC) and bound water content (BWC) but increased the portion of BWC in AS. The corresponding removal ratios of bound water and free water were 52.89% and 95.86% at the anode side and 46.28% and 92.75% at the cathode side, respectively. The coupling magnetic conditioning led to the largest BWC reduction of 23.14% in CM-HED process, and most of this reduction approaching 92.83% occurred during magnetic micro-particle conditioning stage. Gravity field caused the largest sludge reduction of 87.45%. During HED stage, the removal ratio of free water in AS was 63.73% at the anode side and 36.54% at the cathode side, while it was 21.9% and 10.96% for bound water, respectively. Along with water removed by CM-HED process, the organic matter in supernatant/filtrate increased, and a sharp rise occurred during HED stage. Meanwhile, the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) contents initially decreased at MMPs-MF conditioning stage and then increased at the HED stage. Lower EPS contents in AS indicated better dewaterability. The largest reduction in the EPS content of AS at MMPs-MF conditioning stage corresponded to the largest decline in BWC. Furthermore, the protein-like substances in the supernatant/filtrate increased from 30% to 50%, whereas the fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances decreased from 54% to 27% at the HED stage. MMPs significantly reduced the polysaccharide and protein contents in the slime-EPS by 90.26% and 99.25%, respectively. Approximately 92.35% of humic acid-like materials in tightly bound EPS were reduced by MMPs. Thus, coupling magnetic conditioning should be selected as pretreatment prior to HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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17
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Bohara RA, Thorat ND, Pawar SH. Role of functionalization: strategies to explore potential nano-bio applications of magnetic nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to bridge the gap between magnetic nanoparticles for their nano bio applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shivaji H. Pawar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research
- D. Y. Patil University
- Kolhapur
- India
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18
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Bohara RA, Pawar SH. Innovative Developments in Bacterial Detection with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1044-58. [PMID: 25894952 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been seen from the last decade that many bacterial strains are becoming insensitive to conventional detection techniques and it has its own limitations. Current developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology have expanded the ability to design and construct nanomaterials with targeting, therapeutic, and diagnostic functions. These multifunctional nanomaterials have attracted researchers, to be used as the promising tool for selective bacterial sensing applications. An important advantage of using magnetic nanoparticles to capture bacteria is the simple separation of bacteria from biological samples using magnets. This review includes significance of magnetic nanoparticles in bacterial detection. Relevant to topic, properties, designing strategies for magnetic nanoparticle, and innovative techniques used for detection are discussed. This review provides the readers how magnetic properties of nanoparticles can be utilized systematically for bacterial identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra A Bohara
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil University, Kolhapur, 416006, M.S., India,
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19
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Abdelhamid HN, Wu HF. Proteomics analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of nanoparticles and their interactions with proteins. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Gregory J, Cannell J, Kofron M, Yeghiazarian L, Nistor V. Functionalization of hybrid poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels forEscherichia colicell capture via adsorbed intermediate dye molecule. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarod Gregory
- Department of Biomedical; Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati; 2600 Clifton Ave. Cincinnati Ohio 45220
| | - Jonathon Cannell
- Department of Biomedical; Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati; 2600 Clifton Ave. Cincinnati Ohio 45220
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center; 3333 Burnet Ave. Cincinnati Ohio 45229
| | - Lilit Yeghiazarian
- Department of Biomedical; Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati; 2600 Clifton Ave. Cincinnati Ohio 45220
| | - Vasile Nistor
- Department of Biomedical; Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati; 2600 Clifton Ave. Cincinnati Ohio 45220
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21
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Samanta A, Ravoo BJ. Magnetic Separation of Proteins by a Self-Assembled Supramolecular Ternary Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12946-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Samanta A, Ravoo BJ. Ein selbstorganisierter supramolekularer ternärer Komplex zur magnetischen Trennung von Proteinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Gao M, Deng C, Zhang X. Magnetic nanoparticles-based digestion and enrichment methods in proteomics analysis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 8:379-90. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Ni SQ, Ni J, Yang N, Wang J. Effect of magnetic nanoparticles on the performance of activated sludge treatment system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:555-561. [PMID: 23835260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Both short-term and long-term exposure experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) on activated sludge. The short-term presence of 50-200 mg/L of NPs decreased total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies, resulted from the acute toxicity of a shock load of NPs. However, long-term exposure of 50 mg/L magnetic NPs were observed to significantly improve TN removal efficiency, partially due to the self-repair function of activated sludge and magnetic-induced bio-effect. Sludge properties and extracellular polymer substrates secretion were affected. Additional investigations with enzyme and FISH assays indicated that short-term exposure of 50 mg/L magnetic NPs led to the abatement of nitrifying bacteria. However, the activities of the enzyme nitrite oxidoreductase and key denitrifying enzymes were increased after long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Qing Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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25
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Lai BH, Chen DH. Vancomycin-modified LaB6@SiO2/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles for near-infrared photothermal ablation of bacteria. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7573-9. [PMID: 23535232 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
LaB6 nanoparticles possess excellent near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion properties. Vancomycin can interact strongly with a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be used as the carrier for magnetic separation. In this work, vancomycin and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully bound onto the surface of LaB6 nanoparticles with a silica coating and carboxyl functionalization to fabricate vancomycin-modified LaB6@SiO2/Fe3O4 (Van-LaB6@SiO2/Fe3O4) composite nanoparticles as a novel nanomaterial for the NIR photothermal ablation of bacteria. From the analyses of absorption spectra, transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction patterns, the formation of Van-LaB6@SiO2/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles was confirmed. The resulting Van-LaB6@SiO2/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles possessed nearly superparamagnetic properties, retained the excellent NIR photothermal conversion property of LaB6 nanoparticles and could capture the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli efficiently. Owing to these capabilities, they were demonstrated to be quite efficient for the magnetic separation and NIR photothermal ablation of S. aureus and E. coli. Furthermore, the magnetic property made the Van-LaB6@SiO2/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles useful for the magnetic assembling of bacteria, which could further enhance the photothermal ablation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hung Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
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26
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Kumar V, Nath G, Kotnala RK, Saxena PS, Srivastava A. Biofunctional magnetic nanotube probe for recognition and separation of specific bacteria from a mixed culture. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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Chan PH, Chen YC. Human serum albumin stabilized gold nanoclusters as selective luminescent probes for Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8952-6. [PMID: 23088348 DOI: 10.1021/ac302417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, human serum albumin (HSA) stabilized gold nanoclusters (HSA-AuNCs) with reddish photoluminescence were used as sensing probes for pathogenic bacteria including Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli J96, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB), Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). We discovered that HSA-AuNCs have unique affinity with S. aureus and MRSA. In addition to demonstrating the selective sensing ability of HSA-AuNCs toward S. aureus and MRSA, the binding peptide motifs identified from HSA-AuNCs were characterized by mass spectrometry. The identified binding peptides were further used as the reducing and stabilizing agents for generation of peptide-bound AuNCs (Pep-AuNCs). The generated Pep-AuNCs were demonstrated to have the binding affinities with S. aureus and MRSA.
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28
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Sun H, Chen X, Chen D, Dong M, Fu X, Li Q, Liu X, Wu Q, Qiu T, Wan T, Li S. Influences of surface coatings and components of FePt nanoparticles on the suppression of glioma cell proliferation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3295-307. [PMID: 22848161 PMCID: PMC3405879 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumors with high rates of morbidity and mortality; they are the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques based on nanomaterials provide promising options in the treatment of malignant gliomas. In order to evaluate the potential of FePt nanoparticles (NPs) for malignant glioma therapy, FePt NPs with different surface coatings and components were tunably synthesized using oleic acid/oleylamine (OA/OA) and cysteines (Cys) as the capping agents, respectively. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photon spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrum, and zeta potential. The influence of the surface coatings and components of the FePt NPs on the proliferation of glioma cells was assessed through MTT assay and TEM observation using three typical glioma cell lines (glioma U251 cells, astrocytoma U87 cells, and neuroglioma H4 cells) as in vitro models. The results showed that the proliferation of glioma cells was significantly suppressed by lipophilic FePt-OA/OA NPs in a time- and/or dose-dependent manner, while no or low cytotoxic effects were detected in the case of hydrophilic FePt-Cys NPs. The IC₅₀ value of FePt-OA/OA NPs on the three glioma cell lines was approximately 5-10 μg mL⁻¹ after 24 hours' incubation. Although the cellular uptake of FePt NPs was confirmed regardless of the surface coatings and components of the FePt NPs, the suppression of FePt NPs on glioma cell proliferation was dominantly determined by their surface coatings rather than their components. Therefore, these results demonstrate that, through engineering of the surface coating, FePt NPs can potentially be developed as novel therapeutic agents for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing and Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Wu S, Duan N, Ma X, Xia Y, Yu Y, Wang Z, Wang H. Simultaneous detection of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 using dual-colour upconversion luminescent nanoparticles as labels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4866-8. [PMID: 22498910 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc00092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We highlight a novel fluorescence analysis for sensitive and selective detection of EV-71 and CV-A16 by combining labelling technology based on dual-colour upconversion fluorescence nanoparticles (UCNPs) with magnetic bioseparation and concentration technology based on magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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30
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Choi KH, Lee HJ, Park BJ, Wang KK, Shin EP, Park JC, Kim YK, Oh MK, Kim YR. Photosensitizer and vancomycin-conjugated novel multifunctional magnetic particles as photoinactivation agents for selective killing of pathogenic bacteria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4591-3. [PMID: 22473513 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17766h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel multifunctional magnetic particles (MMPs) conjugated with photosensitizer and vancomycin were fabricated by surface modification of Fe(3)O(4) particles. The capacities to target, capture and inactivate pathogenic bacteria and good biocompatibility suggest that the MMPs have great potentials as photodynamic inactivation agents for serious bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hoon Choi
- Photon Applied Functional Molecule Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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31
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Pan Y, Du X, Zhao F, Xu B. Magnetic nanoparticles for the manipulation of proteins and cells. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2912-42. [PMID: 22318454 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15315g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the rapidly developing areas of nanobiotechnology, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one type of the most well-established nanomaterials because of their biocompatibility and the potential applications as alternative contrast enhancing agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While the development of MNPs as alternative contrast agents for MRI application has moved quickly to testing in animal models and clinical trials, other applications of biofunctional MNPs have been explored extensively at the stage of qualitative or conceptual demonstration. In this critical review, we summarize the development of two straightforward applications of biofunctional MNPs--manipulating proteins and manipulating cells--in the last five years or so and hope to provide a relatively comprehensive assessment that may help the future developments. Specifically, we start with the examination of the strategy for the surface functionalization of MNPs because the applications of MNPs essentially depend on the molecular interactions between the functional molecules on the MNPs and the intended biological targets. Then, we discuss the use of MNPs for manipulating proteins since protein interactions are critical for biological functions. Afterwards, we evaluate the development of the use of MNPs to manipulate cells because the response of MNPs to a magnetic field offers a unique way to modulate cellular behavior in a non-contact or "remote" mode (i.e. the magnet exerts force on the cells without direct contact). Finally, we provide a perspective on the future directions and challenges in the development of MNPs for these two applications. By reviewing the examples of the design and applications of biofunctional MNPs, we hope that this article will provide a reference point for the future development of MNPs that address the present challenges and lead to new opportunities in nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology (137 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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32
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Ray PC, Khan SA, Singh AK, Senapati D, Fan Z. Nanomaterials for targeted detection and photothermal killing of bacteria. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3193-209. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15340h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Functionalized arrays of Raman-enhancing nanoparticles for capture and culture-free analysis of bacteria in human blood. Nat Commun 2011; 2:538. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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34
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Ho YP, Reddy PM. Advances in mass spectrometry for the identification of pathogens. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1203-24. [PMID: 21557290 PMCID: PMC7168406 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important technique to identify microbial biomarkers. The rapid and accurate MS identification of microorganisms without any extensive pretreatment of samples is now possible. This review summarizes MS methods that are currently utilized in microbial analyses. Affinity methods are effective to clean, enrich, and investigate microorganisms from complex matrices. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles might concentrate traces of target microorganisms from sample solutions. Therefore, nanoparticle-based techniques have a favorable detection limit. MS coupled with various chromatographic techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, reduces the complexity of microbial biomarkers and yields reliable results. The direct analysis of whole pathogenic microbial cells with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS without sample separation reveals specific biomarkers for taxonomy, and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and high-throughput measurements. The MS detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified microbial nucleic acids provides an alternative to biomarker analysis. This review will conclude with some current applications of MS in the identification of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Peng Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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35
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Arora P, Sindhu A, Dilbaghi N, Chaudhury A. Biosensors as innovative tools for the detection of food borne pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 28:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Chi X, Huang D, Zhao Z, Zhou Z, Yin Z, Gao J. Nanoprobes for in vitro diagnostics of cancer and infectious diseases. Biomaterials 2011; 33:189-206. [PMID: 21959007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The successful and explosive development of nanotechnology is significantly impacting the fields of biology and medicine. Among the spectacular developments of nanobiotechnology, interest has grown in the use of nanomaterials as nanoprobes for bioanalysis and diagnosis. Herein, we review state-of-the-art nanomaterial-based probes and discuss their applications in in vitro diagnostics (IVD) and challenges in bringing these fields together. Major classes of nanoprobes include quantum dots (QDs), plasmonic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and multifunctional nanomaterials. With the advantages of high volume/surface ratio, surface tailorability, multifunctionality, and intrinsic properties, nanoprobes have tremendous applications in the areas of biomarker discovery, diagnostics of infectious diseases, and cancer detection. The distinguishing features of nanoprobes for in vitro use, such as harmlessness, ultrasensitivity, multiplicity, and point-of-care use, will bring a bright future of nanodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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37
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Long MJC, Pan Y, Lin HC, Hedstrom L, Xu B. Cell Compatible Trimethoprim-Decorated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Bind Dihydrofolate Reductase for Magnetically Modulating Focal Adhesion of Mammalian Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10006-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. C. Long
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Yue Pan
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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38
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Chen S, Wang L, Duce SL, Brown S, Lee S, Melzer A, Cuschieri A, André P. Engineered biocompatible nanoparticles for in vivo imaging applications. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:15022-9. [PMID: 20919679 PMCID: PMC2962530 DOI: 10.1021/ja106543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Iron−platinum alloy nanoparticles (FePt NPs) are extremely promising candidates for the next generation of contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) diagnostic imaging and MR-guided interventions, including hyperthermic ablation of solid cancers. FePt has high Curie temperature, saturation magnetic moment, magneto-crystalline anisotropy, and chemical stability. We describe the synthesis and characterization of a family of biocompatible FePt NPs suitable for biomedical applications, showing and discussing that FePt NPs can exhibit low cytotoxicity. The importance of engineering the interface of strongly magnetic NPs using a coating allowing free aqueous permeation is demonstrated to be an essential parameter in the design of new generations of diagnostic and therapeutic MRI contrast agents. We report effective cell internalization of FePt NPs and demonstrate that they can be used for cellular imaging and in vivo MRI applications. This opens the way for several future applications of FePt NPs, including regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy in addition to enhanced MR diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy (SUPA), University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
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39
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Bhattacharya D, Chakraborty SP, Pramanik A, Baksi A, Roy S, Maiti TK, Ghosh SK, Pramanik P. Detection of total count of Staphylococcus aureus using anti-toxin antibody labelled gold magnetite nanocomposites: a novel tool for capture, detection and bacterial separation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Weber C, Drogoz A, David L, Domard A, Charles MH, Verrier B, Delair T. Polysaccharide-based vaccine delivery systems: Macromolecular assembly, interactions with antigen presenting cells, and in vivo immunomonitoring. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:1322-34. [PMID: 19859973 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using a strategy of macromolecular assembly, a colloidal vaccine delivery system was obtained from chitosan and dextran sulfate and loaded with an antigenic protein (p24, the capsid protein of HIV-1). The colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) were obtained by charge neutralization of the polyanion and polycation at a charge ratio (n(+)/n(-)) of 2 (CHDS). The conditions of assembly were tuned to maintain the colloidal properties of the carrier in high salt environment. The relative molar masses of the two polyions and the degree of acetylation (DA) of chitosan were essential parameters to achieve this goal, and this could be related to the nanometric scale organization of the colloids observed by Small Angle X-rays Scattering experiments. The binding of p24 to the colloidal carrier was achieved and the release of the antigen was investigated. Antigen presenting cells [dendritic cells (DCs)], obtained from monocytes, could internalize the colloids. Immature DCs (iDCs) were not matured by the colloidal PECs either loaded or not loaded with p24, as proved by Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis. Despite this lack of in vitro interaction, a specific immune response was observed in mice with a high production of antibodies, after subcutaneous injection. The analysis of the interleukin production shows that both the cellular and the humoral responses were stimulated. This work brings a physico-chemical insight on polysaccharide-based antigen delivery systems and opens up new perspectives for their use as vaccine carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Weber
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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41
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Huang YF, Wang YF, Yan XP. Amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for rapid capture and removal of bacterial pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7908-13. [PMID: 20866050 DOI: 10.1021/es102285n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Interest in magnetic nanoparticles for capturing bacteria arises from a variety of attributes, including the similar size of nanoparticles, magnetic behavior, and attached biomolecules such as proteins and nucleotide probes. Here we report the application of amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AF-MNPs) for rapid and efficient capture and removal of bacterial pathogens. The AF-MNPs are used without the need for any further modifications with affinity biomolecules. The positive charges on the surface of AF-MNPs can promote strong electrostatic interaction with negatively charged sites on the surface of bacterial pathogens to exhibit efficient adsorptive ability. The hydrophobic interaction between the pendant propyl group of the amine functionality and the bacteria also plays a supplementary role. The amine groups on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticle are robust and inexpensive ligands to ensure a high binding affinity to at least eight different species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The amount of AF-MNPs, pH of phosphate buffer solution, and ionic strength are crucial in mediating fast and effective interactions between AF-MNPs and bacteria. The AF-MNPs allow rapid removal of bacteria from water samples, food matrixes, and a urine sample with efficiency from 88.5% to 99.1%. Though amino group offers less specificity/selectivity than biomolecules such as antibodies, AF-MNPs are attractive for capturing a wide range of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Huang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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42
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass spectrometry (MS) is a suitable technology for microorganism identification and characterization. CONTENT This review summarizes the MS-based methods currently used for the analyses of pathogens. Direct analysis of whole pathogenic microbial cells using MS without sample fractionation reveals specific biomarkers for taxonomy and provides rapid and high-throughput capabilities. MS coupled with various chromatography- and affinity-based techniques simplifies the complexity of the signals of the microbial biomarkers and provides more accurate results. Affinity-based methods, including those employing nanotechnology, can be used to concentrate traces of target microorganisms from sample solutions and, thereby, improve detection limits. Approaches combining amplification of nucleic acid targets from pathogens with MS-based detection are alternatives to biomarker analyses. Many data analysis methods, including multivariate analysis and bioinformatics approaches, have been developed for microbial identification. The review concludes with some current clinical applications of MS in the identification and typing of infectious microorganisms, as well as some perspectives. SUMMARY Advances in instrumentation (separation and mass analysis), ionization techniques, and biological methodologies will all enhance the capabilities of MS for the analysis of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Peng Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Tallury P, Malhotra A, Byrne LM, Santra S. Nanobioimaging and sensing of infectious diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:424-37. [PMID: 19931579 PMCID: PMC7103339 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New methods to identify trace amount of infectious pathogens rapidly, accurately and with high sensitivity are in constant demand to prevent epidemics and loss of lives. Early detection of these pathogens to prevent, treat and contain the spread of infections is crucial. Therefore, there is a need and urgency for sensitive, specific, accurate, easy-to-use diagnostic tests. Versatile biofunctionalized engineered nanomaterials are proving to be promising in meeting these needs in diagnosing the pathogens in food, blood and clinical samples. The unique optical and magnetic properties of the nanoscale materials have been put to use for the diagnostics. In this review, we focus on the developments of the fluorescent nanoparticles, metallic nanostructures and superparamagnetic nanoparticles for bioimaging and detection of infectious microorganisms. The various nanodiagnostic assays developed to image, detect and capture infectious virus and bacteria in solutions, food or biological samples in vitro and in vivo are presented and their relevance to developing countries is discussed.
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Key Words
- who, world health organization
- elisa, enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- nps, nanoparticles
- qdots, quantum dots
- rsv, respiratory syncytial virus
- fitc, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- zn-dpa, zn (ii)-dipicolylamine
- hbv, hepatitis b virus
- hcv, hepatitis c virus
- qdot-b, qdot-barcodes
- hiv, human immunodeficiency virus
- fsnps, fluorescent silica nanoparticles
- fret, förster resonance energy transfer
- fam-se, (5-carboxy-fluorescein succinimidyl ester)
- rox-se, (6-carboxy-x-rhodamine, succinimidyl ester)
- r6g-se, (5-carboxyrhodamine 6g, succinimidyl ester)
- tmr-se, (carboxytetramethylrhodamine, succinimidyl ester)
- osbpy, tris (2, 2′bipyridyl) osmium bis (hexafluorophosphate)
- rubpy, tris(bipyridine) ruthenium (ii) dichloride
- fnp-iifm, fluorescent nanoparticle-based indirect immunofluorescence microscopy
- eu iii, europium
- cadpa, calcium dipicolinate
- lod, limit of detection
- sec1, staphylococcal enterotoxin c1
- ct, cholera toxin
- pa, anthrax protective agent
- ccmv, cow pea chlorotic mottle virus
- mri, magnetic resonance imaging
- spa, protein a
- gd-dota, gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid
- icp-ms, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- spr, surface plasmon resonance
- au np, gold nanoparticle
- hsv-2, herpes simplex virus type 2
- hsv-1, herpes simplex virus type 1
- rls, resonance light scattering
- ss, single stranded
- hrs, hyper-rayleigh scattering
- ds, double stranded
- tem, transmission electron microscopy
- h. pyroli, helicobacter pyroli
- sers, surface enhanced raman scattering
- smcc, succinimidyl-4-(n-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
- bg, bacillus globigii
- ova, ovalbumin
- cfu, colony forming unit
- atp, adenosine triphosphate
- ir, infra red
- squid, superconducting quantum interference device
- mnp, magnetic nanoparticles
- maldi-ms, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
- poa, adopted pigeon ovalbumin
- mgnp, magnetic glycol nanoparticles
- spio, superparamagnetic iron oxide
- mrs, magnetic relaxation sensors
- nmr, nuclear magnetic resonance
- fluorescent nanoparticles
- multiplexing
- viral imaging
- bacterial detection
- surface plasmon resonance
- colorimetric assay
- magnetic nanosensors
- immunomagnetic separation
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmavathy Tallury
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Astha Malhotra
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Logan M Byrne
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Biomolecular Science Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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Hristov J. Magnetic field assisted fluidization – a unified approach. Part 8. Mass transfer: magnetically assisted bioprocesses. REV CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1515/revce.2010.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Park M, Seo S, Lee SJ, Jung JH. Functionalized Ni@SiO2 core/shell magnetic nanoparticles as a chemosensor and adsorbent for Cu2+ ion in drinking water and human blood. Analyst 2010; 135:2802-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00470g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pan Y, Guo M, Nie Z, Huang Y, Pan C, Zeng K, Zhang Y, Yao S. Selective collection and detection of leukemia cells on a magnet-quartz crystal microbalance system using aptamer-conjugated magnetic beads. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:1609-14. [PMID: 20031387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for selective collection and detection of human acute leukemia cells has been proposed using aptamer-conjugated magnetic beads (apt-MBs) and a magnet-quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) system. The sgc8c aptamer-conjugated MBs specifically binding to CCRF-CEM cells were used for target cell extraction from complex matrixes, and the magnet-QCM system was successfully applied for quantitative cell detection, requiring no further labeling of cells. The accumulation of MBs-conjugated CCRF-CEM cells on a quartz crystal gold electrode surface under a magnetic field resulted in decreased resonant frequency. A linear relationship between the frequency shift and cell concentration over the range of 1 x 10(4)-1.5 x 10(5)cells mL(-1) was obtained, with a detection limit of 8 x 10(3)cells mL(-1). The applicability of the method for target cell detection from cell mixture was satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Chen WJ, Tsai PJ, Chen YC. Functional nanoparticle-based proteomic strategies for characterization of pathogenic bacteria. Anal Chem 2009; 80:9612-21. [PMID: 19007241 DOI: 10.1021/ac802042x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) can be employed to rapidly characterize pathogenic bacteria, bacterial cultures are generally required to obtain sufficient quantities of the bacterial cells prior to MALDI MS analysis. If this time-consuming step could be eliminated, the length of time required for identification of bacterial strains would be greatly reduced. In this paper, we propose an effective means of rapidly identifying bacteria--one that does not require bacterial culturing--using functional nanoparticle-based proteomic strategies that are characterized by extremely short analysis time. In this approach, we used titania-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2) NPs) as affinity probes to concentrate the target bacteria. The magnetic properties of the Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2) NPs allow the conjugated target species to be rapidly isolated from the sample solutions under a magnetic field. Taking advantage of the absorption of the magnetic Fe(3)O(4) NPs in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, we performed the tryptic digestion of the captured bacteria under microwave heating for only 1-1.5 min prior to MALDI MS analysis. We identified the resulting biomarker ions by combining their MS/MS analysis results with protein database searches. Using this technique, we identified potential biomarker ions representing five gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli O157:H7, uropathogenic E. coli, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Finally, we demonstrated the practical feasibility of using this approach to rapidly characterize bacteria in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Gao J, Gu H, Xu B. Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles: design, synthesis, and biomedical applications. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:1097-107. [PMID: 19476332 DOI: 10.1021/ar9000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1070] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nanotechnology and molecular biology has developed into an emerging research area: nanobiotechnology. Magnetic nanoparticles are well-established nanomaterials that offer controlled size, ability to be manipulated externally, and enhancement of contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a result, these nanoparticles could have many applications in biology and medicine, including protein purification, drug delivery, and medical imaging. Because of the potential benefits of multimodal functionality in biomedical applications, researchers would like to design and fabricate multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles. Currently, there are two strategies to fabricate magnetic nanoparticle-based multifunctional nanostructures. The first, molecular functionalization, involves attaching antibodies, proteins, and dyes to the magnetic nanoparticles. The other method integrates the magnetic nanoparticles with other functional nanocomponents, such as quantum dots (QDs) or metallic nanoparticles. Because they can exhibit several features synergistically and deliver more than one function simultaneously, such multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles could have unique advantages in biomedical applications. In this Account, we review examples of the design and biomedical application of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles. After their conjugation with proper ligands, antibodies, or proteins, the biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles exhibit highly selective binding. These results indicate that such nanoparticles could be applied to biological medical problems such as protein purification, bacterial detection, and toxin decorporation. The hybrid nanostructures, which combine magnetic nanoparticles with other nanocomponents, exhibit paramagnetism alongside features such as fluorescence or enhanced optical contrast. Such structures could provide a platform for enhanced medical imaging and controlled drug delivery. We expect that the combination of unique structural characteristics and integrated functions of multicomponent magnetic nanoparticles will attract increasing research interest and could lead to new opportunities in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Groman EV, Yang M, Reinhardt CP, Weinberg JS, Vaccaro DE. Polycationic Nanoparticles: (1) Synthesis of a Polylysine-MION Conjugate and its Application in Labeling Fibroblasts. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2009; 2:30-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-008-9082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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