1
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Shaik MAS, Samanta D, Sharma AK, Shaw M, Prodhan S, Basu R, Mondal I, Singh S, Dutta PK, Pathak A. White light emission from helically stacked humin-mimic based H-aggregates in heteroatom free carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19238-19254. [PMID: 37990573 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
White light emission (WLE), particularly from heteroatom free carbon dots (CDs), is unusual. Besides, deciphering the origin of WLE from a H-aggregated molecular fluorophore in such kinds of CDs is a challenging task due to their non-fluorescent character resulting from a forbidden transition from a lower-energy excitonic state. Therefore, rigorous investigation on their elusive excited state photophysical properties along with their steady-state optical phenomena has to be carried out to shed light on the nature of distinct emissive states formed in the CDs. Herein, for the first time, we report WLE from imperfect H-aggregates of co-facially π-π stacked humin-like structures comprising furfural monomer units as a unique molecular fluorophore in CDs, as revealed from combined spectroscopic and microscopic studies, synthesized through hydrothermal treatment of the single precursor, dextrose. H-aggregates in CDs show a broad range of excitation-dependent emission spectra with color coordinates close to pure white light, i.e., CIE (0.35, 0.37) and a color temperature of 6000 K. Imperfect orientation between the transition dipole moments of adjacent monomer units in the H-aggregate's molecular arrangement is expected to cause ground state symmetry breaking, as confirmed by Circular Dichroism (CD) studies, which established helically stacked nature in molecular aggregates and produced significant oscillatory strength at lower energy excitonic states to enable fluorescence. TRES and TAS investigations have been performed to minimise the intricacies associated with excited state photophysics, which is regarded as an essential step in gaining a grasp on emissive states. Based on the observation of two isoemissive spots in the time-resolved area normalized emission spectra (TRANES), the existence of three oligomeric species in the excited state equilibrium of the pure/hybrid H-aggregates has been established. The exciton dynamics through electron relaxation from the higher to the lower excitonic states, charge transfer (CT) states, and surface trap mediated emission in excimer states of H-aggregates have also been endorsed as three distinct emissive states from femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) studies corroborating with their steady-state absorption and emission behavior. The results would demonstrate the usage of CDs as a cutting-edge fluorescent material for creating aggregate-induced white light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Salam Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Dipanjan Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Ankit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Manisha Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sayan Prodhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Rajarshi Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Imran Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Shailab Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Amita Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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2
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Lin S, Fang Z, Ma J, Guo D, Yu X, Xie H, Fang M, Zhang D, Zhou K, Gao Y, Zhou C. Octylammonium Iodide Induced In-situ Healing at "perovskite/Carbon" Interface to Achieve 85% RH-moisture Stable, Hole-Conductor-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency >19. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300716. [PMID: 37732360 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
"Perovskite/carbon" interface is a bottle-neck for hole-conductor-free, carbon-electrode basing perovskite solar cells due to the energy mismatch and concentrated defects. In this article, in-situ healing strategy is proposed by doping octylammonium iodide into carbon paste that used to prepare carbon-electrode on perovskite layer. This strategy is found to strengthen interfacial contact and reduce interfacial defects on one hand, and slightly elevate the work function of the carbon-electrode on other hand. Due to this effect, charge extraction is accelerated, while recombination is obviously reduced. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency of the hole-conductor-free, planar perovskite solar cells is upgraded by ≈50%, or from 11.65 (± 1.59) % to 17.97 (± 0.32) % (AM1.5G, 100 mW cm-2 ). The optimized device shows efficiency of 19.42% and open-circuit voltage of 1.11 V. Meanwhile, moisture-stability is tested by keeping the unsealed devices in closed chamber with relative humidity of 85%. The "in-situ healing" strategy helps to obtain T80 time of >450 h for the carbon-electrode basing devices, which is four times of the reference ones. Thus, a kind of "internal encapsulation effect" has also been reached. The "in situ healing" strategy facilitates the fabrication of efficient and stable hole-conductor-free devices basing on carbon-electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials (ISUPAM), School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Fang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials (ISUPAM), School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials (ISUPAM), School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - De'en Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials (ISUPAM), School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials (ISUPAM), School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials (ISUPAM), School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Mei Fang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials (ISUPAM), School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Dou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kechao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Conghua Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials (ISUPAM), School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
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3
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Hussein HM, Wood G, Houghton D, Walker M, Han Y, Zhao P, Beanland R, Macpherson JV. Electron Beam Transparent Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Combined Electrochemistry-Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:439-448. [PMID: 36281293 PMCID: PMC9585633 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The majority of carbon based transmission electron microscopy (TEM) platforms (grids) have a significant sp2 carbon component. Here, we report a top down fabrication technique for producing freestanding, robust, electron beam transparent and conductive sp3 carbon substrates from boron doped diamond (BDD) using an ion milling/polishing process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements reveal the sp3 carbon character and advantageous electrochemical properties of a BDD electrode are retained during the milling process. TEM diffraction studies show a dominant (110) crystallographic orientation. Compared with conventional carbon TEM films on metal supports, the BDD-TEM electrodes offer superior thermal, mechanical and electrochemical stability properties. For the latter, no carbon loss is observed over a wide electrochemical potential range (up to 1.80 V vs RHE) under prolonged testing times (5 h) in acid (comparable with accelerated stress testing protocols). This result also highlights the use of BDD as a corrosion free electrocatalyst TEM support for fundamental studies, and in practical energy conversion applications. High magnification TEM imaging demonstrates resolution of isolated, single atoms on the BDD-TEM electrode during electrodeposition, due to the low background electron scattering of the BDD surface. Given the high thermal conductivity and stability of the BDD-TEM electrodes, in situ monitoring of thermally induced morphological changes is also possible, shown here for the thermally induced crystallization of amorphous electrodeposited manganese oxide to the electrochemically active γ-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Wood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Diamond
Science and Technology Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Daniel Houghton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Yisong Han
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Richard Beanland
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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4
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Hakkarainen H, Salo L, Mikkonen S, Saarikoski S, Aurela M, Teinilä K, Ihalainen M, Martikainen S, Marjanen P, Lepistö T, Kuittinen N, Saarnio K, Aakko-Saksa P, Pfeiffer TV, Timonen H, Rönkkö T, Jalava PI. Black carbon toxicity dependence on particle coating: Measurements with a novel cell exposure method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156543. [PMID: 35679919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a component of ambient particulate matter which originates from incomplete combustion emissions. BC is regarded as an important short-lived climate forcer, and a significant public health hazard. These two concerns have made BC a focus in aerosol science. Even though, the toxicity of BC particles is well recognized, the mechanism of toxicity for BC as a part of the total gas and particle emission mixture from combustion is still largely unknown and studies concerning it are scarce. In the present study, using a novel thermophoresis-based air-liquid interface (ALI) in vitro exposure system, we studied the toxicity of combustion-generated aerosols containing high levels of BC, diluted to atmospheric levels (1 to 10 μg/m3). Applying multiple different aerosol treatments, we simulated different sources and atmospheric aging processes, and utilizing several toxicological endpoints, we thoroughly examined emission toxicity. Our results revealed that an organic coating on the BC particles increased the toxicity, which was seen as larger genotoxicity and immunosuppression. Furthermore, aging of the aerosol also increased its toxicity. A deeper statistical analysis of the results supported our initial conclusions and additionally revealed that toxicity increased with decreasing particle size. These findings regarding BC toxicity can be applied to support policies and technologies to reduce the most hazardous compositions of BC emissions. Additionally, our study showed that the thermophoretic ALI system is both a suitable and useful tool for toxicological studies of emission aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Hakkarainen
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Laura Salo
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Saarikoski
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | - Minna Aurela
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | - Kimmo Teinilä
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | - Mika Ihalainen
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sampsa Martikainen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Petteri Marjanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Lepistö
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Niina Kuittinen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Karri Saarnio
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | - Päivi Aakko-Saksa
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Tobias V Pfeiffer
- VSParticle B.V., Molengraaffsingel 10, 2629 JD Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hilkka Timonen
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | - Topi Rönkkö
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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5
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Feng L, Ali S, Xu C, Cao S, Tuci G, Giambastiani G, Pham-Huu C, Liu Y. Assessing the Nature of Active Sites on Nanodiamonds as Metal-Free Catalysts for the EB-to-ST Direct Dehydrogenation Using a Catalytic Approach. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Giulia Tuci
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 02 67087, France
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 02 67087, France
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto F.no, Florence 10-50019, Italy
| | - Cuong Pham-Huu
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, Sesto F.no, Florence 10-50019, Italy
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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6
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Han Y, Fu B, Tao S, Zhu D, Wang X, Peng S, Li B. Impact of the initial hydrophilic ratio on black carbon aerosols in the Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153044. [PMID: 35038527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) contributes to patterns of Arctic warming, yet the initial hydrophilic ratio (IHR) of BC emitted from various sources and its impact on Arctic BC remain uncertain. With the use of a tagged tracer method of BC implemented in the global chemistry transport model GEOS-Chem, IHRs were partitioned into 7 BC combustion source categories according to the PKU-BC-v2 emission inventory. The results show that as the IHR increased, the concentration of BC decreased globally. The impact on Arctic BC was mainly reflected in the vertical profile and the burden rather than at the surface. Specifically, the greatest impact of IHR on Arctic BC appeared in summer, with the largest perturbation appearing at an altitude of approximately 600 hPa, reaching 8%. This change in BC vertical profile was mainly caused by the IHR change of wildfire combustion in Russia (44%) and Canada (51%), and the emissions from these two regions were also the two most important contributors to the BC concentration and burden in the middle and lower Arctic atmosphere in summer. In the other three seasons, anthropogenic combustion sources (oil, coal, and biomass) in East Asia, Russia, and Europe accounted for 19-40%, 14-28%, and 7-23%, respectively, of the monthly BC burden. Emissions from Russia were the most important contributor (27-43%) to the monthly BC surface concentration. Due to the large adjustment in IHR from 20% to 70%, biomass burning in Europe was shown to be the dominant contributor causing both burden (39%) and surface concentration (88%) changes in all seasons except summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunman Han
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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7
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Feng X, Zhang S, Liu R, Ma J, Xu X, Xu J, Fang X, Wang X. Niobium oxide promoted with alkali metal nitrates for soot particulate combustion: elucidating the vital role of active surface nitrate groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3250-3258. [PMID: 35045149 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the target of developing efficient base metal oxide catalysts for soot particulate combustion, Nb2O5 catalysts promoted using different alkali metal nitrates have been prepared via an impregnation method. The activity of all the modified catalysts is better than that of the pure Nb2O5, and follows the sequence of CsNb1-9 > KNb1-9 > NaNb1-9 > LiNb1-9 > Nb2O5. It has been discovered that the original LiNO3 and NaNO3 precursors were decomposed into inert Li2O and Na2O on LiNb1-9 and NaNb1-9 during the calcination process. However, the KNO3 and CsNO3 precursors were intact on KNb1-9 and CsNb1-9 due to the strong stabilization effect of the K+ and Cs+ cations. As confirmed using different means, surface nitrates are the predominant active centers that contribute to the soot oxidation activity, through the redox cycles between nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) groups. Due to the existence of a large quantity of active surface NO3- groups, KNb1-9 and CsNb1-9 thus exhibit a much better reaction performance than LiNb1-9 and NaNb1-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Shijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Xianglan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Junwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Xiuzhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
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8
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Zhou X, Meng Z, Picaud S, Devel M, Carrete J, Madsen GKH, Zhou Y, Wang Z. Influence of Onion-like Carbonaceous Particles on the Aggregation Process of Hydrocarbons. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27898-27904. [PMID: 34722989 PMCID: PMC8552348 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to characterize the nucleation behavior of organic compounds in the gas phase. Six basic molecular species are considered-ethylene, propylene, toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene, and para-xylene-in interaction with onion-like carbon nanostructures that model soot nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature. We identify a shell-to-island aggregation process during the physisorption of aromatic molecules on the soot surface: The molecules tend to first cover the NP in a shell, on top of which additional adsorbates form island-shaped aggregates. We present results for the binding energy, suggesting that the NPs lead to the formation of more stable molecular aggregates in comparison with the pure gas phase. Our findings describe a plausible microscopic mechanism for the active role of soot in the formation and growth of organic particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department
of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhisen Meng
- Department
of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Sylvain Picaud
- Institut
UTINAM, CNRS UMR 6213, UBFC, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Michel Devel
- FEMTO-ST
Institute, ENSMM, 15B
Avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Jesús Carrete
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Yulu Zhou
- Department
of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department
of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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9
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Ding W, Feng Z, Wang L, Guo F, Song T, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li H, Tian C, Hu H. Combined study of the ground and excited states of carbon onions by electron energy-loss spectroscopy: Comparison with highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Mirghaffari N, Iannarelli R, Ludwig C, Rossi MJ. Coexistence of reactive functional groups at the interface of a powdered activated amorphous carbon: a molecular view. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1966110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Iannarelli
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Safety Competence Center, EPFL RHO DSPS-SCC, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ludwig
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE GR-LUD, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), ENE LBK CPM, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE GR-LUD, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Wang M, Chen Y, Fu H, Qu X, Shen G, Li B, Zhu D. Combined analyses of hygroscopic properties of organic and inorganic components of three representative black carbon samples recovered from pyrolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145393. [PMID: 33545465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hygroscopicity of black carbon (BC) aerosols is a key factor determining their climate forcing effect and atmospheric lifetime. However, the compositional dependence of BC hygroscopicity is not well understood. Here, a variety of different compositional components were separated from three representative BC samples recovered from pyrolysis (grass and wheat straw derived BC, household soot), including water extracted fraction of BC (WEBC, 9-21 wt%), residue fraction of BC after water extraction (R-WEBC, 79-91 wt%), water extracted minerals (WEM, 9-18 wt%), alkali extracted organic carbon (OCAE, 1-9 wt%), and elemental carbon (EC, 37-48 wt%). The bulk BC and separated BC components were analyzed in detail by elemental analysis and combined spectroscopic analyses. Their equilibrium hygroscopicity was measured by gravimetric method over a range of relative humidity (RH) levels (10-94%). Compared with the two organic components (OCAE and EC), the inorganic component (WEM) exhibited much stronger water uptake at all RH levels. At 94% RH level, WEM accounted for 16-139% of the overall water uptake by BC, whereas OCAE and EC accounted for only 1-3% and 6-26%, respectively. The XRD analysis of WEBC and WEM from household soot at varying RH levels indicated that the enhanced water uptake by these two components as well as that by bulk BC at high RH levels was due to the deliquescent salts (e.g., KCl, NH4Cl, KNO3, and NaCl). The strong hysteresis loops observed for bulk BC and WEBC could be attributed to the organic-facilitated drastic structural and morphological rearrangement of mineral particles as evidenced by the optical microscope analysis. The diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis reaffirmed the dominant role played by the inorganic component in the hygroscopic behaviors of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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12
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Hu X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Chen A. Preparation of an N-doped mesoporous carbon sphere and sheet composite as a high-performance supercapacitor. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820939899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials with multidimensional structures generally exhibit improved properties compared with single-morphology carbon materials for various applications including catalysis, adsorption, and energy storage. Here, an N-doped mesoporous carbon sphere and sheet composite is prepared by a co-assembly strategy using an ionic liquid ([C18Mim]Br) as the structure-directing agent, ethylenediamine as the catalyst, tetraethyl orthosilicate as the pore-forming agent, and resorcinol formaldehyde resin as the carbon precursor. [C18Mim]Br and ethylenediamine not only induce formation of the unique structure but also lead to in situ nitrogen doping on the N-doped mesoporous carbon skeleton. The obtained N-doped mesoporous carbon shows a unique composite structure of thin sheets embedded with carbon spheres, having high a specific surface area and uniform mesopore distribution. When used as an electrode material, the N-doped mesoporous carbon shows a good specific capacity of 273 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and a good rate capability (82.1% of the capacitance is retained at a high current density of 10 A g−1). Moreover, the N-doped mesoporous carbon exhibited ideal stability behavior (91.6% capacitive retention after 10,000 cycles), indicating a promising role as an electrode material for excellent performance supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Aibing Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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13
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Monti S, Barcaro G, Goddard WA, Fortunelli A. Diverse Phases of Carbonaceous Materials from Stochastic Simulations. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6369-6385. [PMID: 33721495 PMCID: PMC9639862 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous carbon systems are emerging to have unparalleled properties at multiple length scales, making them the preferred choice for creating advanced materials in many sectors, but the lack of long-range order makes it difficult to establish structure/property relationships. We propose an original computational approach to predict the morphology of carbonaceous materials for arbitrary densities that we apply here to graphitic phases at low densities from 1.15 to 0.16 g/cm3, including glassy carbon. This approach, dynamic reactive massaging of the potential energy surface (DynReaxMas), uses the ReaxFF reactive force field in a simulation protocol that combines potential energy surface (PES) transformations with global optimization within a multidescriptor representation. DynReaxMas enables the simulation of materials synthesis at temperatures close to experiment to correctly capture the interplay of activated vs entropic processes and the resulting phase morphology. We then show that DynReaxMas efficiently and semiautomatically produces atomistic configurations that span wide relevant regions of the PES at modest computational costs. Indeed, we find a variety of distinct phases at the same density, and we illustrate the evolution of competing phases as a function of density ranging from uniform vs bimodal distributions of pore sizes at higher and intermediate density (1.15 g/cm3 and 0.50 g/cm3) to agglomerated vs sparse morphologies, further partitioned into boxed vs hollow fibrillar morphologies, at lower density (0.16 g/cm3). Our observations of diverse phases at the same density agree with experiment. Some of our identified phases provide descriptors consistent with available experimental data on local density, pore sizes, and HRTEM images, showing that DynReaxMas provides a systematic classification of the complex field of amorphous carbonaceous materials that can provide 3D structures to interpret experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Monti
- ThC2-Lab
and Molecular Modelling Team, CNR-ICCOM
& IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barcaro
- ThC2-Lab
and Molecular Modelling Team, CNR-ICCOM
& IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- ThC2-Lab
and Molecular Modelling Team, CNR-ICCOM
& IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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14
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Michelsen HA, Colket MB, Bengtsson PE, D'Anna A, Desgroux P, Haynes BS, Miller JH, Nathan GJ, Pitsch H, Wang H. A Review of Terminology Used to Describe Soot Formation and Evolution under Combustion and Pyrolytic Conditions. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12470-12490. [PMID: 32986401 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a glossary and review of terminology used to describe the chemical and physical processes involved in soot formation and evolution and is intended to aid in communication within the field and across disciplines. There are large gaps in our understanding of soot formation and evolution and inconsistencies in the language used to describe the associated mechanisms. These inconsistencies lead to confusion within the field and hinder progress in addressing the gaps in our understanding. This review provides a list of definitions of terms and presents a description of their historical usage. It also addresses the inconsistencies in the use of terminology in order to dispel confusion and facilitate the advancement of our understanding of soot chemistry and particle characteristics. The intended audience includes senior and junior members of the soot, black carbon, brown carbon, and carbon black scientific communities, researchers new to the field, and scientists and engineers in associated fields with an interest in carbonaceous material production via high-temperature hydrocarbon chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A Michelsen
- Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Meredith B Colket
- United Technologies Research Center, Avon, Connecticut 06001, United States
| | | | - Andrea D'Anna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pascale Desgroux
- UMR-8522-PC2A-Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Université Lille, CNRS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Brian S Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - J Houston Miller
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Graham J Nathan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Heinz Pitsch
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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15
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Baldelli A, Trivanovic U, Sipkens TA, Rogak SN. On determining soot maturity: A review of the role of microscopy- and spectroscopy-based techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126532. [PMID: 32229356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete combustion is the main source of airborne soot, which has negative impacts on public health and the environment. Understanding the morphological and chemical evolution of soot is important for assessing and mitigating the impact of soot emissions. Morphological and chemical structures of soot are commonly studied using microscopy or spectroscopy, and the best technique depends on the parameter of interest and the stage of soot formation considered (i.e., maturity). For the earliest stages of soot formation, particles exhibit simple morphology yet complex and reactive chemical composition, which is best studied by spectroscopic techniques sensitive to the large number of soot precursor species. The only microscope that can offer some morphological information at this stage is the scanning probe microscopy, which can image single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the precursors of soot. A broader range of types of spectrometers and microscopes can be used by increasing the soot maturity. Mature soot is primarily carbon, and exhibits complex fractal-like morphology best studied with electron microscopy and techniques sensitive to thin oxide or organic coatings. Each characterization technique can target different morphological and chemical properties of soot, from the early to the late stage of its formation. Thus, a guideline for the selection of the appropriate technique can facilitates studies on environmental samples involving the presence of soot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln #2054, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Una Trivanovic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln #2054, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Timothy A Sipkens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln #2054, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven N Rogak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Ln #2054, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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16
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Pavlyuchenko PE, Seropyan GM, Trenikhin MV, Drozdov VA. Structural Transformations of a Carbon Nanomaterial under High-Energy Laser Irradiation. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Chen J, Quan X, Lu M, Niu Y, Zhang B. Quantitative Analysis Method for Nitrogen Electron Energy-Loss Near-Edge Structures in Nanocarbons Based on Density Functional Theory Calculations and Linear Regression. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 215:113006. [PMID: 32450429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonmetallic heteroatoms found in carbon nanomaterials act as active sites and exhibit excellent catalytic performance. Owing to structural complexity and the limitations of characterization technology, the identification of active sites in nanocarbon is challenging and controversial. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy is an electron microscope technique with high spatial resolution and a powerful tool for identifying the arrangement of heteroatoms. However, structural information regarding the configuration and distribution of heteroatoms is difficult to obtain using existing analytical methods. Herein, we have developed a method for the quantitative analysis of electron energy-loss near-edge structures to identify accurately nitrogen species in nanocarbon. Based on this approach, the relative amounts of nitrogen species were obtained from linear regression with calculated spectra. The concentration distribution of nanocarbon obtained by this method was consistent with the result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis at different depths. Therefore, this fitting method can be used for the quantitative analysis of nitrogen K-edge structures. This provides a new strategy for studying the structure-activity relationships of carbon-based materials and the further design of custom nanocarbon catalysts with high active site densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xueping Quan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China.
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18
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Sorolla‐Rosario D, Davó‐Quiñonero A, Bailón‐García E, Lozano‐Castelló D, Bueno‐López A. Key‐lock Ceria Catalysts for the Control of Diesel Engine Soot Particulate Emissions. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Sorolla‐Rosario
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Alicante Carretera de San Vicente s/n Alicante E03080 Spain
| | - Arantxa Davó‐Quiñonero
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Alicante Carretera de San Vicente s/n Alicante E03080 Spain
| | - Esther Bailón‐García
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Alicante Carretera de San Vicente s/n Alicante E03080 Spain
| | - Dolores Lozano‐Castelló
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Alicante Carretera de San Vicente s/n Alicante E03080 Spain
| | - Agustín Bueno‐López
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Alicante Carretera de San Vicente s/n Alicante E03080 Spain
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19
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Zhai Z, Huang N, Yang B, Liu L, Li H, Chen J, Zhang B, Jiang X. In Situ Construction of Hierarchical Diamond Supported on Carbon Nanowalls/Diamond for Enhanced Electron Field Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8522-8532. [PMID: 31990180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The integration of sp2-/sp3-bonded carbon has aroused increasing attention on attaining a great electron field emission (EFE) performance. Herein, a novel hierarchical diamond@carbon nanowalls/diamond (D@C/D) architecture is facilely prepared through the growth of the hybrid carbon nanowalls/diamond (C/D) film followed by the in situ hydrogen plasma treatment using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The hierarchical D@C/D architecture is composed of thin diamond nanoplatelets sandwiched into carbon nanowalls (CNWs) as the bottom layer and the thickened nanoplatelets constituted by diamond nanograins as the upper layer. The hydrogen plasma plays an effective role in the transformation of sacrificial sp2-bonded CNWs to sp3-bonded diamond, eventually leading to the template thickening of diamond nanoplatelets in the upper layer. Impressively, the D@C/D-90 film demonstrates much better EFE behaviors of low turn-on potential (Eo = 4.3 V μm-1), high current density (Je@8 V μm-1 = 20.81 mA cm-1), and superior long-term stability, in comparison with the pristine C/D film (Eo = 6 V μm-1, Je@8 V μm-1 = 0.33 mA cm-1). The enhanced EFE performance of the hierarchical D@C/D film is ascribed to the well-established graphite pathway for electrons transported from the bottom to the top and the increased diamond emitting sites with negative electron-affinity and robust nature at the top. This work will promote the development of the high-performance cathode EFE material based on hybrid sp2/sp3-bonded carbon, and the method proposed here also provides an effective strategy to construct a diamond nanostructure for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Zhai
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Nan Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Bing Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Lusheng Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Haining Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Junnan Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
- Institute of Materials Engineering , University of Siegen , No. 9-11 Paul-Bonatz-Str. , Siegen 57076 , Germany
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20
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Mercier X, Faccinetto A, Batut S, Vanhove G, Božanić DK, Hróðmarsson HR, Garcia GA, Nahon L. Selective identification of cyclopentaring-fused PAHs and side-substituted PAHs in a low pressure premixed sooting flame by photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15926-15944. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02740e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective on-line identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed in a low-pressure methane sooting flame, carried out using the double imaging Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy method (i2PEPICO).
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Mercier
- Université Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8522 – PC2A – Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - A. Faccinetto
- Université Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8522 – PC2A – Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - S. Batut
- Université Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8522 – PC2A – Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - G. Vanhove
- Université Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8522 – PC2A – Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - D. K. Božanić
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L ‘Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | | | - G. A. Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L ‘Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | - L. Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L ‘Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
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21
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Qiu Y, Fan D, Lan G, Wei S, Hu X, Li Y. Generalized reactivity descriptor of defective carbon catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination: the ratio of sp2 : sp3 hybridization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14877-14880. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface engineering of sp2 and sp3 oriented carbons with optimized hybridization configuration makes excellent metal free catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Qiu
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of chemical engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Fan
- College of Materials and Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Guojun Lan
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of chemical engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- P. R. China
| | - Shuhao Wei
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of chemical engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- College of Materials and Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of chemical engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- P. R. China
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22
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Espinosa JC, Contreras RC, Navalón S, Rivera‐Cárcamo C, Álvaro M, Machado BF, Serp P, Garcia H. Influence of Carbon Supports on Palladium Nanoparticle Activity toward Hydrodeoxygenation and Aerobic Oxidation in Biomass Transformations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Espinosa
- Departamento de Química and Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC‐UPV Universitat Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Av. De los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Rubén Castro Contreras
- LCC‐CNRS 8241 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT. Toulouse France
| | - Sergio Navalón
- Departamento de Química and Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC‐UPV Universitat Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Av. De los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Camila Rivera‐Cárcamo
- LCC‐CNRS 8241 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT. Toulouse France
| | - Mercedes Álvaro
- Departamento de Química and Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC‐UPV Universitat Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Av. De los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Bruno F. Machado
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering ‐ Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE‐LCM) Chemical Engineering Department University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n 4200‐465 Porto Portugal
| | - Philippe Serp
- LCC‐CNRS 8241 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT. Toulouse France
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Departamento de Química and Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC‐UPV Universitat Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Av. De los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research Chemical Engineering Department King Abdulaziz University Al Ehtifalat St 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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23
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Trubetskaya A, Kling J, Ershag O, Attard TM, Schröder E. Removal of phenol and chlorine from wastewater using steam activated biomass soot and tire carbon black. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:846-856. [PMID: 30481735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate a novel method for removing toxic chemicals using soot produced from wood and herbaceous biomass pyrolyzed in a drop tube reactor and tire pyrolytic carbon black. The influence of ash content, nanostructure, particle size, and porosity on the filter efficiency of steam activated carbon materials was studied. It has been shown for the first time that steam activated soot and carbon black can remove phenol and chloride with filter efficiencies as high as 95%. The correlation of filter efficiency to material properties showed that the presence of alkali and steam activation time were the key parameters affecting filter efficiencies. This study shows that steam activated biomass soot and tire carbon black are promising alternatives for the cleaning of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trubetskaya
- School of Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Jens Kling
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olov Ershag
- Scandinavian Enviro Systems AB, Regnbågsgatan 8C, 41755 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Thomas M Attard
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Elisabeth Schröder
- IKET, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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24
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Tao L, Qiao M, Jin R, Li Y, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Zhang N, Xie C, He Q, Jiang D, Yu G, Li Y, Wang S. Bridging the Surface Charge and Catalytic Activity of a Defective Carbon Electrocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1019-1024. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Man Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rong Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhaohui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Chao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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25
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Tao L, Qiao M, Jin R, Li Y, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Zhang N, Xie C, He Q, Jiang D, Yu G, Li Y, Wang S. Bridging the Surface Charge and Catalytic Activity of a Defective Carbon Electrocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Man Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rong Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhaohui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Chao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and ChemometricsProvincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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26
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Booth SG, Tripathi AM, Strashnov I, Dryfe RAW, Walton AS. The offset droplet: a new methodology for studying the solid/water interface using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:454001. [PMID: 28891808 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8b92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The routine study of the solid-water interface by XPS is potentially revolutionary as this development opens up whole new areas of study for photoelectron spectroscopy. To date this has been realised by only a few groups worldwide and current techniques have significant restrictions on the type of samples which can be studied. Here we present a novel and uniquely flexible approach to the problem. By introducing a thin capillary into the NAP-XPS, a small droplet can be injected onto the sample surface, offset from the analysis area by several mm. By careful control of the droplet size a water layer of controllable thickness can be established in the analysis area-continuous with the bulk droplet. We present results from the solid-water interface on a vacuum prepared TiO2(110) single crystal and demonstrate that the solid/liquid interface is addressable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Booth
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M139PL, United Kingdom
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27
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Multiphase nanostructured PANI anchored @ CVD grown MWCNT on rGO coated nickel foam for binder free supercapacitor electrode. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Davis RD, Tolbert MA. Crystal nucleation initiated by transient ion-surface interactions at aerosol interfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700425. [PMID: 28776032 PMCID: PMC5517112 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Particle collisions are a common occurrence in the atmosphere, but no empirical observations exist to fully predict the potential effects of these collisions on air quality and climate projections. The current consensus of heterogeneous crystal nucleation pathways relevant to the atmosphere dictates that collisions with amorphous particles have no effect on the crystallization relative humidity (RH) of aqueous inorganic aerosols because there is no stabilizing ion-surface interaction to facilitate the formation of crystal nuclei. In contrast to this view of heterogeneous nucleation, we report laboratory observations demonstrating that collisions with hydrophobic amorphous organic aerosols induced crystallization of aqueous inorganic microdroplets at high RH, the effect of which was correlated with destabilizing water-mediated ion-specific surface interactions. These same organic aerosols did not induce crystallization once internally mixed in the droplet, pointing toward a previously unconsidered transient ion-specific crystal nucleation pathway that can promote aerosol crystallization via particle collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Davis
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Margaret A. Tolbert
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Corresponding author.
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29
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Lin Y, Feng Z, Yu L, Gu Q, Wu S, Su DS. Insights into the surface chemistry and electronic properties of sp 2 and sp 3-hybridized nanocarbon materials for catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4834-4837. [PMID: 28447706 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-dispersed nanodiamond and its derivatives (UNDDs), including bucky nanodiamond and onion-like carbon, offer superior catalytic behavior relative to other nanocarbons. However, a systematic study of their unique properties has been rarely achieved. Their surface chemistry and electronic properties are therefore studied to reveal the essential differences of UNDDs compared to other nanocarbons for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Lin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China and Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Zhenbao Feng
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Hunan Road 1, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Linhui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Research Institute of Photocatalysis, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qinging Gu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China and Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Shuchang Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
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30
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Hu C, Li W, Lin Q, Zheng X, Pan H, Huang Q. Impact of ferrocene on the nanostructure and functional groups of soot in a propane/oxygen diffusion flame. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene influences soot oxidation activity by changing its nanostructure and functional groups on the surface. Reactions between oxygen and ferrocene reduce the oxygen-containing functional groups on the soot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhao Lin
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qifu Huang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- People's Republic of China
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31
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Zhong B, Zhang B, Liu H, Su DS. High performance of nitrogen-modified carbon nanotubes for selective oxidation of allyl alcohol. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-modified carbon nanotubes (N-CNT) as a novel heterogeneous catalyst exhibit excellent performance in selective oxidation of allyl alcohol (C3H6O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Zhong
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University
- Zhuji 311800
- China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Catalytic Materials Division
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Catalytic Materials Division
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Catalytic Materials Division
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
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32
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Rauwel P, Galeckas A, Salumaa M, Ducroquet F, Rauwel E. Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO2 nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1075-85. [PMID: 27547626 PMCID: PMC4979767 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid material consisting of nonfunctionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cubic-phase HfO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of 2.6 nm has been synthesized. Free standing HfO2 NPs present unusual optical properties and a strong photoluminescence emission in the visible region, originating from surface defects. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that these NPs decorate the MWCNTs on topological defect sites. The electronic structure of the C K-edge in the nanocomposites was probed by electron energy loss spectroscopy, highlighting the key role of the MWCNT growth defects in anchoring HfO2 NPs. A combined optical emission and absorption spectroscopy approach illustrated that, in contrast to HfO2 NPs, the metallic MWCNTs do not emit light but instead expose their discrete electronic structure in the absorption spectra. The hybrid material manifests characteristic absorption features with a gradual merger of the MWCNT π-plasmon resonance band with the intrinsic defect band and fundamental edge of HfO2. The photoluminescence of the nanocomposites indicates features attributed to combined effects of charge desaturation of HfO2 surface states and charge transfer to the MWCNTs with an overall reduction of radiative recombination. Finally, photocurrent generation under UV-vis illumination suggests that a HfO2 NP/MWCNT hybrid system can be used as a flexible nanodevice for light harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protima Rauwel
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo. P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Augustinas Galeckas
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo. P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Salumaa
- Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Puiestee 78, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Frédérique Ducroquet
- IMEP-LAHC, CNRS, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Minatec campus, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Erwan Rauwel
- Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Puiestee 78, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
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33
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Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8374-9. [PMID: 27410045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604772113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oxygenated hydrocarbon species formed during combustion, such as furans, are highly toxic and detrimental to human health and the environment. These species may also increase the hygroscopicity of soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regional and global climate. However, large furans and associated oxygenated species have not previously been observed in flames, and their formation mechanism and interplay with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are poorly understood. We report on a synergistic computational and experimental effort that elucidates the formation of oxygen-embedded compounds, such as furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons, during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. We used ab initio and probabilistic computational techniques to identify low-barrier reaction mechanisms for the formation of large furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons. We used vacuum-UV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm these predictions. We show that furans are produced in the high-temperature regions of hydrocarbon flames, where they remarkably survive and become the main functional group of oxygenates that incorporate into incipient soot. In controlled flame studies, we discovered ∼100 oxygenated species previously unaccounted for. We found that large alcohols and enols act as precursors to furans, leading to incorporation of oxygen into the carbon skeletons of PAHs. Our results depart dramatically from the crude chemistry of carbon- and oxygen-containing molecules previously considered in hydrocarbon formation and oxidation models and spearhead the emerging understanding of the oxidation chemistry that is critical, for example, to control emissions of toxic and carcinogenic combustion by-products, which also greatly affect global warming.
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34
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Su YF, Park JG, Koo A, Trayner S, Hao A, Downes R, Liang R. Characterization at Atomic Resolution of Carbon Nanotube/Resin Interface in Nanocomposites by Mapping sp 2-Bonding States Using Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:666-672. [PMID: 27329314 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization is critical for improving mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polymer nanocomposites. A fundamental understanding of the role of the CNT/polymer interface and bonding structure is key to improving functionalization procedures for higher mechanical performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of chemical functionalization on the nanocomposite interface at atomic resolution to provide direct and quantifiable information of the interactions and interface formation between CNT surfaces and adjacent resin molecules. We observed and compared electronic structures and their changes at the interfaces of nonfunctionalized and functionalized CNT/polymer nanocomposite samples via scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectrum imaging techniques. The results show that the state of sp 2 bonding and its distribution at the CNT/resin interface can be clearly visualized through EELS mapping. We found that the functionalized CNT/polymer samples exhibited a lower fraction of sp 2 bonding and a lower π*/σ* ratio compared with the nonfunctionalized cases. A good correlation between near-edge fine structures and low-loss plasmon energies was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Su
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,High-Performance Materials Institute,Florida State University,Tallahassee,FL 32310,USA
| | - Jin G Park
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,High-Performance Materials Institute,Florida State University,Tallahassee,FL 32310,USA
| | - Ana Koo
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,High-Performance Materials Institute,Florida State University,Tallahassee,FL 32310,USA
| | - Sarah Trayner
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,High-Performance Materials Institute,Florida State University,Tallahassee,FL 32310,USA
| | - Ayou Hao
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,High-Performance Materials Institute,Florida State University,Tallahassee,FL 32310,USA
| | - Rebekah Downes
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,High-Performance Materials Institute,Florida State University,Tallahassee,FL 32310,USA
| | - Richard Liang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,High-Performance Materials Institute,Florida State University,Tallahassee,FL 32310,USA
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35
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Gaddam CK, Huang CH, Vander Wal RL. Quantification of nano-scale carbon structure by HRTEM and lattice fringe analysis. Pattern Recognit Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Ko YJ, Cho JM, Kim I, Jeong DS, Lee KS, Park JK, Baik YJ, Choi HJ, Lee SC, Lee WS. Inherently-Forced Tensile Strain in Nanodiamond-Derived Onion-like Carbon: Consequences in Defect-Induced Electrochemical Activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23913. [PMID: 27032957 PMCID: PMC4817152 DOI: 10.1038/srep23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the nanodiamond-derived onion-like carbon (OLC) as function of synthesis temperature (1000~1400 °C), by high-resolution electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, visible-Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The temperature dependences of the obtained properties (averaged particle size, tensile strain, defect density, density of states, electron transfer kinetics, and electrochemical oxidation current) unanimously coincided: they initially increased and saturated at 1200 °C. It was attributed to the inherent tensile strains arising from (1) the volume expansion associated with the layer-wise diamond-to-graphite transformation of the core, which caused forced dilation of the outer shells during their thermal synthesis; (2) the extreme curvature of the shells. The former origin was dominant over the latter at the outermost shell, of which the relevant evolution in defect density, DOS and electron transfer kinetics determined the electrochemical performances. In detection of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) using the OLC as electrode, their oxidation peak currents were enhanced by factors of 15~60 with annealing temperature. Their limit of detection and the linear range of detection, in the post-treatment-free condition, were as excellent as those of the nano-carbon electrodes post-treated by Pt-decoration, N-doping, plasma, or polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Ko
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 262 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Cho
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 262 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Seok Jeong
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seok Lee
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Keuk Park
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Baik
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 262 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Indo-Korea Science and Technology Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Bangalore 560064, INDIA
| | - Wook-Seong Lee
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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37
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Tiwari AJ, Ashraf-Khorassani M, Marr LC. C60 fullerenes from combustion of common fuels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 547:254-260. [PMID: 26789363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Releases of C60 fullerenes to the environment will increase with the growth of nanotechnology. Assessing the potential risks of manufactured C60 requires an understanding of how its prevalence in the environment compares to that of natural and incidental C60. This work describes the characterization of incidental C60 present in aerosols generated by combustion of five common fuels: coal, firewood, diesel, gasoline, and propane. C60 was found in exhaust generated by all five fuels; the highest concentrations in terms of mass of C60 per mass of particulate matter were associated with diesel and coal. Individual aerosols from these combustion processes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. No relationship was found between C60 content and either the separation of graphitic layers (lamellae) within the particles, nor the curvature of those lamellae. Estimated global emissions of incidental C60 to the atmosphere from coal and diesel combustion range from 1.6 to 6.3 t yr(-1), depending upon combustion conditions. These emissions may be similar in magnitude to the total amount of manufactured C60 produced on an annual basis. Consequent loading of incidental C60 to the environment may be several orders of magnitude higher than has previously been modeled for manufactured C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Tiwari
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Patton Hall, 750 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 480 Davidson Hall, 900 West Campus Drive, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Patton Hall, 750 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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38
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Sauvain JJ, Rossi MJ. Quantitative Aspects of the Interfacial Catalytic Oxidation of Dithiothreitol by Dissolved Oxygen in the Presence of Carbon Nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:996-1004. [PMID: 26683500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic nature of particulate matter is often advocated to explain its ability to generate reactive oxygen species, but quantitative data are lacking. We have performed molecular characterization of three different carbonaceous nanoparticles (NP) by 1. identifying and quantifying their surface functional groups based on probe gas-particle titration; 2. studying the kinetics of dissolved oxygen consumption in the presence of suspended NP's and dithiothreitol (DTT). We show that these NP's can reversibly change their oxidation state between oxidized and reduced functional groups present on the NP surface. By comparing the amount of O2 consumed and the number of strongly reducing sites on the NP, its average turnover ranged from 35 to 600 depending on the type of NP. The observed quadratic rate law for O2 disappearance points to a Langmuir-Hinshelwood surface-based reaction mechanism possibly involving semiquinone radical. In the proposed model, the strongly reducing surface site is assumed to be a polycyclic aromatic hydroquinone whose oxidation to the corresponding conjugated quinone is rate-limiting in the catalytic chain reaction. The presence and strength of the reducing surface functional groups are important for explaining the catalytic activity of NP in the presence of oxygen and a reducing agent like DTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne and Geneva , Route de la Corniche 2, CH-1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel J Rossi
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC) , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Yi P, Pignatello JJ, Uchimiya M, White JC. Heteroaggregation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanoparticles of Pyrolyzed Biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13294-303. [PMID: 26461459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heteroaggregation with indigenous particles is critical to the environmental mobility of engineered nanomaterials (ENM). We studied heteroaggregation of ceria nanoparticles (n-CeO2), as a model for metal oxide ENM, with nanoparticles of pyrogenic carbonaceous material (n-PCM) derived from pecan shell biochar, a model for natural chars and human-made chars used in soil remediation and agriculture. The TEM and STEM images of n-PCM identify both hard and soft particles, both C-rich and C,O,Ca-containing particles (with CaCO3 crystals), both amorphous and "onion-skin" C-rich particles, and traces of nanotubes. Heteroaggregation was evaluated at constant n-CeO2, variable n-PCM concentration by monitoring hydrodynamic diameter by dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential under conditions where n-PCM is "invisible". At pH 5.3, where n-CeO2 and n-PCM are positively and negatively charged, respectively, and each stable to homoaggregation, heteroaggregation is favorable and occurs by a charge neutralization-charge reversal mechanism (CNCR): in this mechanism, primary heteroaggregates that form in the initial stage are stable at low or high n-PCM concentration due to electrostatic repulsion, but unstable at intermediate n-PCM concentration, leading to secondary heteroaggregation. The greatest instability coincides with full charge neutralization. At pH 7.1, where n-CeO2 is neutral and unstable alone, and n-PCM is negative and stable alone, heteroaggregation occurs by a charge-accumulation, core-shell stabilization (CACS) mechanism: n-PCM binds to and forms a negatively charged shell on the neutral surface of the nascent n-CeO2 core, stabilizing the core-shell heteraggregate at a size that decreases with n-PCM concentration. The CNCR and CACS mechanisms give fundamental insight into heteroaggregation between oppositely charged, and between neutral and charged nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Joseph J Pignatello
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Minori Uchimiya
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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Ivashchenko OV, Trenikhin MV, Kryazhev YG, Tolochko BP, Eliseev VS, Arbuzov AB, Drozdov VA, Likholobov VA. Structural transformations of carbon black by high-energy laser and electron irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078015050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Growney DJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Middlemiss L, Fielding LA, Derry MJ, Aragrag N, Lamb GD, Armes SP. Is Carbon Black a Suitable Model Colloidal Substrate for Diesel Soot? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10358-10369. [PMID: 26344920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soot formation in diesel engines is known to cause premature engine wear. Unfortunately, genuine diesel soot is expensive to generate, so carbon blacks are often used as diesel soot mimics. Herein, the suitability of a commercial carbon black (Regal 250R) as a surrogate for diesel soot dispersed in engine base oil is examined in the presence of two commonly used polymeric lubricant additives. The particle size, morphology, and surface composition of both substrates are assessed using BET surface area analysis, TEM, and XPS. The extent of adsorption of a poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (dOCP) statistical copolymer or a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (PS-PEP) diblock copolymer onto carbon black or diesel soot from n-dodecane is compared indirectly using a supernatant depletion assay technique via UV spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis is also used to directly determine the extent of copolymer adsorption. Degrees of dispersion are examined using optical microscopy, TEM, and analytical centrifugation. SAXS studies reveal some structural differences between carbon black and diesel soot particles. The mean radius of gyration determined for the latter is significantly smaller than that calculated for the former, and in the absence of any copolymer, diesel soot suspended in n-dodecane forms relatively loose mass fractals compared to carbon black. SAXS provides evidence for copolymer adsorption and indicates that addition of either copolymer transforms the initially compact agglomerates into relatively loose aggregates. Addition of dOCP or PS-PEP does not significantly affect the structure of the carbon black primary particles, with similar results being observed for diesel soot. In favorable cases, remarkably similar data can be obtained for carbon black and diesel soot when using dOCP and PS-PEP as copolymer dispersants. However, it is not difficult to identify simple copolymer-particle-solvent combinations for which substantial differences can be observed. Such observations are most likely the result of dissimilar surface chemistries, which can profoundly affect the colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Growney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Laurence Middlemiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Lee A Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Najib Aragrag
- Technology Centre, BP Formulated Products Technology , Whitchurch Hill, Pangbourne RG8 7QR, U.K
| | - Gordon D Lamb
- Technology Centre, BP Formulated Products Technology , Whitchurch Hill, Pangbourne RG8 7QR, U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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Electrochemical Degradation of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes at High Anodic Potential for Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Su DS, Zhang B, Schlögl R. Electron microscopy of solid catalysts--transforming from a challenge to a toolbox. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2818-82. [PMID: 25826447 DOI: 10.1021/cr500084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Sheng Su
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Zhu Y, Lin Y, Zhang B, Rong J, Zong B, Su DS. Nitrogen-Doped Annealed Nanodiamonds with Varied sp2/sp3Ratio as Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pierdominici M, Maselli A, Cecchetti S, Tinari A, Mastrofrancesco A, Alfè M, Gargiulo V, Beatrice C, Di Blasio G, Carpinelli G, Ortona E, Giovannetti A, Fiorito S. Diesel exhaust particle exposure in vitro impacts T lymphocyte phenotype and function. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:74. [PMID: 25498254 PMCID: PMC4271360 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are major constituents of ambient air pollution and their adverse health effect is an area of intensive investigations. With respect to the immune system, DEP have attracted significant research attention as a factor that could influence allergic diseases interfering with cytokine production and chemokine expression. With this exception, scant data are available on the impact of DEP on lymphocyte homeostasis. Here, the effects of nanoparticles from Euro 4 (E4) and Euro 5 (E5) light duty diesel engines on the phenotype and function of T lymphocytes from healthy donors were evaluated. Methods T lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood obtained from healthy volunteers and subsequently stimulated with different concentration (from 0.15 to 60 μg/ml) and at different time points (from 24 h to 9 days) of either E4 or E5 particles. Immunological parameters, including apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation levels, mitochondrial function, expression of activation markers and cytokine production were evaluated by cellular and molecular analyses. Results DEP exposure caused a pronounced autophagic-lysosomal blockade, thus interfering with a key mechanism involved in the maintaining of T cell homeostasis. Moreover, DEP decreased mitochondrial membrane potential but, unexpectedly, this effect did not result in changes of the apoptosis and/or necrosis levels, as well as of intracellular content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Finally, a down-regulation of the expression of the alpha chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (i.e., the CD25 molecule) as well as an abnormal Th1 cytokine expression profile (i.e., a decrease of IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ production) were observed after DEP exposure. No differences between the two compounds were detected in all studied parameters. Conclusions Overall, our data identify functional and phenotypic T lymphocyte parameters as relevant targets for DEP cytotoxicity, whose impairment could be detrimental, at least in the long run, for human health, favouring the development or the progression of diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0074-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pierdominici
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Maselli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Tinari
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS-IFO, Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michela Alfè
- Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione (IRC), CNR- Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Carpinelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Ortona
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. .,Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona, Sulmona, Italy.
| | - Antonello Giovannetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvana Fiorito
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR-Rome, Italy. .,Research Center for Nanotechnologies applied to Engineering-CNIS, Rome, Italy.
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Niessner R. The Many Faces of Soot: Characterization of Soot Nanoparticles Produced by Engines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12366-79. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Niessner R. Die vielen Gesichter von Ruß: Charakterisierung verbrennungsmotorischer Ruß-Nanopartikel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhou Y, Chen S, Liu S, Liu Q, Hou H, Zhao F. Electrocatalytic activity of carbon nanoparticles from diffusion flame towards oxygen reduction. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tripathi KM, Sonker AK, Sonkar SK, Sarkar S. Pollutant soot of diesel engine exhaust transformed to carbon dots for multicoloured imaging of E. coli and sensing cholesterol. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Proinflammatory effects of diesel exhaust nanoparticles on scleroderma skin cells. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:138751. [PMID: 24982919 PMCID: PMC4058589 DOI: 10.1155/2014/138751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are complex disorders of unknown etiology thought to result from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to verify whether environmental pollution from diesel engine exhaust nanoparticulate (DEP) of actually operating vehicles could play a role in the development of a rare immune-mediated disease, systemic sclerosis (SSc), in which the pathogenetic role of environment has been highlighted. The effects of carbon-based nanoparticulate collected at the exhaust of newer (Euro 5) and older (Euro 4) diesel engines on SSc skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts were evaluated in vitro by assessing the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and fibroblast chemical mediators (metalloproteases 2, 3, 7, 9, and 12; collagen types I and III; VEGF). DEP was shown to stimulate cytokine gene expression at a higher extent in SSc keratinocytes versus normal cells. Moreover, the mRNA gene expression of all MMPs, collagen types, and VEGF genes was significantly higher in untreated SSc fibroblasts versus controls. Euro 5 particle exposure increased the mRNA expression of MMP-2, -7, and -9 in SSc fibroblasts in a dose dependent manner and only at the highest concentration in normal cells. We suggest that environmental DEP could trigger the development of SSc acting on genetically hyperreactive cell systems.
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