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Li Z, Haynes BS, Montoya A. Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Ceria-Supported Nanoclusters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37883665 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Periodic density functional theory is used to evaluate the minimum energy pathways of CO oxidation on cerium oxide-supported platinum and palladium nanoclusters (Pt/CeO2 and Pd/CeO2). For Pt/CeO2, the oxidation process involves the participation of lattice oxygen from CeO2 at the boundary sites of the cluster-ceria interface, which exhibits an exceptionally low energy barrier. Conversely, on Pd/CeO2, oxidation predominantly occurs through oxygen species bound to the Pd cluster. Experimental analysis using the temperature-programmed reduction of the oxidized Pd/CeO2 catalyst reveals a lower CO oxidation temperature compared to Pt/CeO2. This observation aligns with the anticipated decrease in the energy barrier for CO oxidation due to the oxygen coverage of the Pd cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Li
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S Haynes
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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2
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Liang W, Wang X, Yang W, Zhao S, Wiley D, Haynes BS, Jiang Y, Liu P, Huang J. Tailoring and Identifying Brønsted Acid Sites on Metal Oxo-Clusters of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Transformation. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:27-35. [PMID: 36712491 PMCID: PMC9881200 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with Brønsted acidity are an alternative solid acid catalyst for many important chemical and fuel processes. However, the nature of the Brønsted acidity on the MOF's metal cluster or center is underexplored. To design and optimize the acid strength and density in these MOFs, it is important to understand the origin of their acidity at the molecular level. In the present work, isoreticular MOFs, ZrNDI and HfNDI (NDI = N,N'-bis(5-isophthalate)naphthalenediimide), were prepared as a prototypical system to unravel and compare their Brønsted and Lewis acid sites through an array of spectroscopic, computational, and catalytic characterization techniques. With the aid of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional calculations, Hf6 oxo-clusters on HfNDI are quantitatively proved to possess a higher density Brønsted acid site, while ZrNDI-based MOFs display stronger and higher-population Lewis acidity. HfNDI-based MOFs exhibit a superior catalytic performance in activating dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and converting DHA to ethyl lactate, with 71.1% selectivity at 54.7% conversion after 6 h. The turnover frequency of BAS-dominated Hf-MOF in DHA conversion is over 50 times higher than that of ZSM-5, a strong BAS-based zeolite. It is worth noting that HfNDI is reported for the first time in the literature, which is an alternative platform catalyst for biorefining and green chemistry. The present study furthermore highlights the uniqueness of Hf-based MOFs in this important biomass-to-chemical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Liang
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Xuelong Wang
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - Wenjie Yang
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Shufang Zhao
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Dianne Wiley
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- Department
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kristianto
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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4
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Ding J, Wang L, Wu P, Li A, Li W, Stampfl C, Liao X, Haynes BS, Han X, Huang J. Confined Ru Nanocatalysts on Surface to Enhance Ammonia Synthesis: An In situ ETEM Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ding
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- School of Physics Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100024 P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100024 P. R. China
| | - Catherine Stampfl
- School of Physics Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Xiaozhou Liao
- School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100024 P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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5
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Michelsen HA, Colket MB, Bengtsson PE, D'Anna A, Desgroux P, Haynes BS, Miller JH, Nathan GJ, Pitsch H, Wang H. A Review of Terminology Used to Describe Soot Formation and Evolution under Combustion and Pyrolytic Conditions. ACS Nano 2020; 14:12470-12490. [PMID: 32986401 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a glossary and review of terminology used to describe the chemical and physical processes involved in soot formation and evolution and is intended to aid in communication within the field and across disciplines. There are large gaps in our understanding of soot formation and evolution and inconsistencies in the language used to describe the associated mechanisms. These inconsistencies lead to confusion within the field and hinder progress in addressing the gaps in our understanding. This review provides a list of definitions of terms and presents a description of their historical usage. It also addresses the inconsistencies in the use of terminology in order to dispel confusion and facilitate the advancement of our understanding of soot chemistry and particle characteristics. The intended audience includes senior and junior members of the soot, black carbon, brown carbon, and carbon black scientific communities, researchers new to the field, and scientists and engineers in associated fields with an interest in carbonaceous material production via high-temperature hydrocarbon chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A Michelsen
- Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Meredith B Colket
- United Technologies Research Center, Avon, Connecticut 06001, United States
| | | | - Andrea D'Anna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pascale Desgroux
- UMR-8522-PC2A-Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Université Lille, CNRS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Brian S Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - J Houston Miller
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Graham J Nathan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Heinz Pitsch
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Ciarlini J, Alves L, Rajarathnam GP, Haynes BS, Montoya A. Electrochemical oxidation of nitrogen-rich post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Elias I, Soon A, Huang J, S Haynes B, Montoya A. Atomic order, electronic structure and thermodynamic stability of nickel aluminate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25952-25961. [PMID: 31584585 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The atomic order, electronic structure and thermodynamic stability of nickel aluminate, NiAl2O4, have been analyzed using periodic density functional theory and cluster expansion. NiAl2O4 forms a tetragonal structure with P4122 space group. At temperatures below 800 K, it is an inverse spinel, with Ni occupying the octahedral sites and Al occupying both the octahedral and the tetrahedral sites. Some Niocta + Altetra ⇌ Nitetra + Alocta exchange occurs above 800 K, but the structure remains largely inverse at high temperatures, with about 95% Niocta at 1500 K. Various functionals, with and without van der Waals corrections, were used to predict the experimental formation energy, lattice parameters and electronic structure. In all cases, the NiAl2O4 is found to be ferromagnetic and a semiconductor with an indirect band gap along the Γ → M symmetry points. NiAl2O4 is found to be thermodynamically stable at operating conditions of 900-1000 K and 1 atm relative to its competing oxide phases, NiO and Al2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaque Elias
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Abstract
The effect of surface coverage of species, θ, on the kinetic parameters of N2, NO and N2O formation in a system simulating ammonia oxidation over Pt(111) has been studied by using periodic density functional theory (DFT). The energy barriers for product formation decrease as θ increases, with the effect being more significant above 0.25 ML. The heat of surface reaction decreases as θ increases, making the dissociation of the products less favourable due to a weaker interaction of the intermediates with the surface. The effect of θ on the binding energy is stronger for N* than for either O* or NO*, but it is more apparent in the co-adsorption with O* and NO*. Similarly, the coverage of N* more strongly affects the activation energy of N2 and N2O desorption than does the coverage of O* for NO* and N2O formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Gonzalez
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NSW 2006, Australia.
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9
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L Moore R, Mann JP, Montoya A, Haynes BS. In situ synchrotron XRD analysis of the kinetics of spodumene phase transitions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10753-10761. [PMID: 29367978 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07754h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase transition by thermal activation of natural α-spodumene was followed by in situ synchrotron XRD in the temperature range 896 to 940 °C. We observed both β- and γ-spodumene as primary products in approximately equal proportions. The rate of the α-spodumene inversion is first order and highly sensitive to temperature (apparent activation energy ∼800 kJ mol-1). The γ-spodumene product is itself metastable, forming β-spodumene, with the total product mass fraction ratio fγ/fβ decreasing as the conversion of α-spodumene continues. We found the relationship between the product yields and the degree of conversion of α-spodumene to be the same at all temperatures in the range studied. A model incorporating first order kinetics of the α- and γ-phase inversions with invariant rate constant ratio describes the results accurately. Theoretical phonon analysis of the three phases indicates that the γ phase contains crystallographic instabilities, whilst the α and β phases do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika L Moore
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Alam D, Lui MY, Yuen A, Maschmeyer T, Haynes BS, Montoya A. Reaction Analysis of Diaryl Ether Decomposition under Hydrothermal Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Alam
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Matthew Y. Lui
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Alexander Yuen
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
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11
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12
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13
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Song Y, Hashemi H, Christensen JM, Zou C, Haynes BS, Marshall P, Glarborg P. An Exploratory Flow Reactor Study of H2S Oxidation at 30-100 Bar. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Hamid Hashemi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jakob Munkholt Christensen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Chun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM); University of North Texas; Denton TX 76203-5017
| | - Peter Glarborg
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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14
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Abstract
This study focuses on the relative energetic stability of β-spodumene configurations with different atomic ordering, evaluated using electronic structure methods based on static periodic density functional theory. We found that β-spodumene configurations with a framework containing exclusively Al-O-Si linkages are energetically the most stable, consistent with the aluminum avoidance principle. A correlation between the interstitial sites occupied by lithium and the stability of the configuration was established: highly stable configurations contain greater proportions of lithium associated with the edges of AlO4 tetrahedrons. The identified low-energy configurations have a band gap of ∼4.8 eV, and similar electronic band structures and densities of states. Both the PBE and PBEsol functionals predict small differences in the relative stabilities of the different configurations of β-spodumene. However, only PBEsol is able to reproduce the experimentally observed stability differences between α-spodumene and β-spodumene. β-Spodumene is the preferred polymorph at high temperatures, with the PBEsol inversion temperature from α- to β-spodumene predicted to occur at 1070 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika L Moore
- The University of Sydney , Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S Haynes
- The University of Sydney , Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- The University of Sydney , Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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15
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He Y, Liang X, Jazrawi C, Montoya A, Yuen A, Cole AJ, Neveux N, Paul NA, de Nys R, Maschmeyer T, Haynes BS. Continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae in the presence of organic co-solvents. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Liang W, Church TL, Zheng S, Zhou C, Haynes BS, D'Alessandro DM. Site Isolation Leads to Stable Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 over a Rhenium-Based Catalyst. Chemistry 2015; 21:18576-9. [PMID: 26538203 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A porous organic polymer incorporating [(α-diimine)Re(CO)3Cl] moieties was produced and tested in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, with NEt3 as a sacrificial donor. The catalyst generated both H2 and CO, although the Re moiety was not required for H2 generation. After an induction period, the Re-containing porous organic polymer produced CO at a stable rate, unless soluble [(bpy)Re(CO)3Cl] (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) was added. This provides the strongest evidence to date that [(α-diimine)Re(CO)3Cl] catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction decompose through a bimetallic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Liang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
| | - Tamara L Church
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia).,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
| | - Sisi Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
| | - Chenlai Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
| | - Brian S Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006 (Australia)
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Liang X, Rahubadda A, Haynes BS, Montoya A. Kinetic Insights into the Hydrothermal Decomposition of Dihydroxyacetone: A Combined Experimental and Modeling Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Asanka Rahubadda
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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18
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Dai Z, Fletcher DF, Haynes BS. Influence of Tortuous Geometry on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Laminar Flow in Microchannels. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Amos RIJ, Heinroth F, Chan B, Ward AJ, Zheng S, Haynes BS, Easton CJ, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T, Radom L. Hydrogen from Formic Acid via Its Selective Disproportionation over Nanodomain-Modified Zeolites. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I. J. Amos
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Falk Heinroth
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Antony J. Ward
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sisi Zheng
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Easton
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Masters
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Leo Radom
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster
on Biofuels ⊥ARC Centre of Excellence for Free
Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology ∥Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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22
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Amos RIJ, Heinroth F, Chan B, Zheng S, Haynes BS, Easton CJ, Masters AF, Radom L, Maschmeyer T. Hydrogen from formic acid through its selective disproportionation over sodium germanate--a non-transition-metal catalysis system. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11275-9. [PMID: 25169798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A robust catalyst for the selective dehydrogenation of formic acid to liberate hydrogen gas has been designed computationally, and also successfully demonstrated experimentally. This is the first such catalyst not based on transition metals, and it exhibits very encouraging performance. It represents an important step towards the use of renewable formic acid as a hydrogen-storage and transport vector in fuel and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I J Amos
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); CSIRO Energy Transformed Cluster on Biofuels and Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 (Australia); ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology (Australia).
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Amos RIJ, Heinroth F, Chan B, Zheng S, Haynes BS, Easton CJ, Masters AF, Radom L, Maschmeyer T. Hydrogen from Formic Acid through Its Selective Disproportionation over Sodium Germanate-A Non-Transition-Metal Catalysis System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Neveux N, Yuen AKL, Jazrawi C, Magnusson M, Haynes BS, Masters AF, Montoya A, Paul NA, Maschmeyer T, de Nys R. Biocrude yield and productivity from the hydrothermal liquefaction of marine and freshwater green macroalgae. Bioresour Technol 2014; 155:334-341. [PMID: 24463408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six species of marine and freshwater green macroalgae were cultivated in outdoor tanks and subsequently converted to biocrude through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in a batch reactor. The influence of the biochemical composition of biomass on biocrude yield and composition was assessed. The freshwater macroalgae Oedogonium afforded the highest biocrude yield of all six species at 26.2%, dry weight (dw). Derbesia (19.7%dw) produced the highest biocrude yield for the marine species followed by Ulva (18.7%dw). In contrast to significantly different yields across species, the biocrudes elemental profiles were remarkably similar with higher heating values of 33-34MJkg(-1). Biocrude productivity was highest for marine Derbesia (2.4gm(-2)d(-1)) and Ulva (2.1gm(-2)d(-1)), and for freshwater Oedogonium (1.3gm(-2)d(-1)). These species were therefore identified as suitable feedstocks for scale-up and further HTL studies based on biocrude productivity, as a function of biomass productivity and the yield of biomass conversion to biocrude.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Neveux
- Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - A K L Yuen
- School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C Jazrawi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - M Magnusson
- Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - B S Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A F Masters
- School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - N A Paul
- Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - T Maschmeyer
- School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R de Nys
- Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Jazrawi C, Biller P, Ross AB, Montoya A, Maschmeyer T, Haynes BS. Pilot plant testing of continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liang X, Montoya A, Haynes BS. Local Site Selectivity and Conformational Structures in the Glycosidic Bond Scission of Cellobiose. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10682-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon S.Y. Leung
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Raghvendra Gupta
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David F. Fletcher
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Liang X, Montoya A, Haynes BS. Molecular Dynamics Study of Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Dimethyl Ether in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:8199-206. [DOI: 10.1021/jp201951a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlai (Ryan) Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006 Australia
| | - Karina Sendt
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006 Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006 Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlai (Ryan) Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Karina Sendt
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Zhou C(R, Sendt K, Haynes BS. Theoretical Study of Hydrogen Abstraction and Sulfur Insertion in the Reaction H 2S + S. J Phys Chem A 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlai (Ryan) Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Karina Sendt
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Abstract
The interaction of atomic and molecular hydrogen with the Ag(111) surface is studied using periodic density functional total-energy calculations. This paper focuses on the site preference for adsorption, ordered structures, and energy barriers for H diffusion and H recombination. Chemisorbed H atoms are unstable with respect to the H(2) molecule in all adsorption sites below monolayer coverage. The three-hollow sites are energetically the most favorable for H chemisorption. The binding energy of H to the surface decreases slightly up to one monolayer, suggesting a small repulsive H-H interaction on nonadjacent sites. Subsurface and vacancy sites are energetically less favorable for H adsorption than on-top sites. Recombination of chemisorbed H atoms leads to the formation of gas-phase H(2) with no molecular chemisorbed state. Recombination is an exothermic process and occurs on the bridge site with a pronounced energy barrier. This energy barrier is significantly higher than that inferred from experimental temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) studies. However, there is significant permeability of H atoms through the recombination energy barrier at low temperatures, thus increasing the rate constant for H(2) desorption due to quantum tunneling effects, and improving the agreement between experiment and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Abstract
Experiments were conducted to study CCA-treated wood combustion over a range of temperature and oxygen concentrations with a view to understanding the factors affecting energy and metals recovery from waste treated timber. CCA-treated wood was burned in a furnace at temperatures from 400 to 940 degrees C and oxygen concentrations between 5 and 21%. The ash and condensed volatiles were digested for total concentrations of metals and subjected to leaching tests to determine the stabilized concentrations of metals. Arsenic volatilisation increased with increasing furnace temperature whereas the copper and chromium reported mainly to the ash product. The effect of oxygen concentration was weak although it appeared that more arsenic volatilises at higher oxygen concentrations. However, a larger proportion of the arsenic in the ash generated at lower oxygen concentrations is solubilised during leaching tests, with the result that the concentration of stabilized arsenic in the ash is relatively unaffected by oxygen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Rogers
- University of Sydney, Department of Chemical Engineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Abstract
Quantum chemical methods at the Gaussian-2 and -3 levels of theory have been used to investigate the reactions between H(2)S, SO(2), and S(2)O such as might occur in the front-end furnace of the Claus process. The direct reaction between H(2)S and SO(2) occurs via a 5-centered transition state with an initial barrier of approximately 135 kJ mol(-1) and an overall barrier of approximately 153 kJ mol(-1) to produce S(2)O and H(2)O. We indicate approximate values here because there are a number of isomers in the reaction pathway that have barriers slightly different from those quoted. The presence of a water molecule lowers this by approximately 60 kJ mol(-1), but the van der Waals complex required for catalysis by water is thermodynamically unfavorable under the conditions in the Claus reactor. The direct reaction between H(2)S and S(2)O can occur via two possible pathways; the analogous reaction to H(2)S + SO(2) has an initial barrier of approximately 117 kJ mol(-1) and an overall barrier of approximately 126 kJ mol(-1) producing S(3) and H(2)O, and a pathway with a 6-centred transition state has a barrier of approximately 111 kJ mol(-1), producing HSSSOH. Rate constants, including a QRRK analysis of intermediate stabilization, are reported for the kinetic scheme proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sendt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Abstract
The reactions of a ketone surface oxide group have been studied on two forms of the zigzag edge and the armchair edge of a model char using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Rearrangement and surface migration reactions were found to occur much more rapidly than desorption reactions on both the zigzag and armchair edges. A number of desorption pathways characterized here go some way toward explaining the experimentally observed broad activation energy profile for CO desorption. Three separate desorption processes were characterized; on the zigzag surface two were found with activation energies of 275 and 367 kJ mol(-1), while on the armchair surface one was found with an activation energy of 296 kJ mol(-1). The activation energies for these processes were found to be insensitive to increasing the size of the char fragment. On a larger char fragment, however, an extra desorption process was found to be possible, with an activation energy of 160 kJ mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sendt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Montoya A, Sendt K, Haynes BS. Gas-Phase Interaction of H2S with O2: A Kinetic and Quantum Chemistry Study of the Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1057-62. [PMID: 16833414 DOI: 10.1021/jp047903p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to study the interaction of hydrogen sulfide with molecular oxygen in the gas phase. The basic mechanism, the rates of reaction, and the potential energy surface were calculated. Isomers and transition states that connect the reactants with intermediates and products of reaction were identified using the G2 method and B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) functional. Hydrogen abstraction to form HO2 + SH is the dominant product channel and proceeds through a loose transition state well-described at the level of calculation employed. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient in the range 300-3000 K has been determined on the basis of the ab initio potential energy surface and with variational transition-state theory. The reaction is 169.5 kJ mol(-1) endothermic at 0 K with a rate constant given by 2.77 x 10(5) T(2.76) exp(-19 222/T) cm3 mol(-1) s(-1) and should proceed slowly under atmospheric thermal conditions, but it offers a route to the initiation of H2S combustion at relatively low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Montoya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Liu I, Cant NW, Bromly JH, Barnes FJ, Nelson PF, Haynes BS. Formate species in the low-temperature oxidation of dimethyl ether. Chemosphere 2001; 42:583-589. [PMID: 11219683 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME, 340 ppm in 10% O2) has been studied experimentally in an atmospheric pressure laminar flow reactor in the temperature range from 240 degrees C to 700 degrees C for residence times in the range 2-4 s. The influence of nitric oxide additions up to 620 ppm to the feed gases has also been investigated. Products of reaction were determined by FTIR. In the absence of NO, reaction is first detected at about 260 degrees C. The products in the low-temperature region include formaldehyde (HCHO), and formic acid (HCOOH). The addition of NO leads to the appearance of methyl formate (CH3OCHO). While the overall behaviour of the system can be explained qualitatively in terms of typical low-temperature hydrocarbon ignition, recently published chemical kinetic models for DME ignition do not allow for the formation of these formate species. We find no experimental evidence for the formation of hydroperoxymethyl formate (HPMF, HOOCH2OCHO) which is predicted by the models to be a significant stable intermediate at temperatures below 350 degrees C. Since both formic acid and methyl formate have potentially harmful health effects, these observations may have significant implications for use of DME as a diesel fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Liu
- School of Chemistry, Macquarie University, Australia
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Bromly JH, Barnes FJ, Mandyczewsky R, Edwards TJ, Haynes BS. An experimental investigation of the mutually sensitised oxidation of nitric oxide and n-butane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Haynes BS. The handicapped child at home. Aust J Physiother 1972; 18:83-88. [PMID: 25026518 DOI: 10.1016/s0004-9514(14)61128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The baby and small child are not able to perform consciously any adequate manoeuvres which will contribute positively to the correction of a disability. Thus the treatment of this age group is essentially passive or assistive active. Treatment attempting to achieve normal patterns of development is not a single "half hour period a day" approach but a "24 hour a day" plan of care and management. It is thus fundamental that success in treating the young child will depend on the child's parents and family. Since any child would be likely to spend most of the time with its mother, that child's future development is mostly in her hands, and any treatment of a child must be delegated very largely to the mother.
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