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Liu J, Yang Z, Yan Z, Duan S, Chen X, Cui D, Cao D, Kuang T, Ma X, Wang W. Chemical Micromotors Move Faster at Oil-Water Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4221-4233. [PMID: 38305127 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Many real-world scenarios involve interfaces, particularly liquid-liquid interfaces, that can fundamentally alter the dynamics of colloids. This is poorly understood for chemically active colloids that release chemicals into their environment. We report here the surprising discovery that chemical micromotors─colloids that convert chemical fuels into self-propulsion─move significantly faster at an oil-water interface than on a glass substrate. Typical speed increases ranged from 3 to 6 times up to an order of magnitude and were observed for different types of chemical motors and interfaces made with different oils. Such speed increases are likely caused by faster chemical reactions at an oil-water interface than at a glass-water interface, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Our results provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between chemical micromotors and their environments, which are important for applications in the human body or in the removal of organic pollutants from water. In addition, this study also suggests that chemical reactions occur faster at an oil-water interface and that micromotors can serve as a probe for such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zuyao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shifang Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Donghao Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dezhou Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Kuang
- Education Center of Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Kuzin A, Chen G, Zhu F, Gorin D, Mohan B, Choudhury U, Cui J, Modi K, Huang G, Mei Y, Solovev AA. Bridging the gap: harnessing liquid nanomachine know-how for tackling harmful airborne particulates. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17727-17738. [PMID: 37881900 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of "nanomotors", "nanomachines", and "nanorobotics" has transformed dynamic nanoparticle research, driving a transition from passive to active and intelligent nanoscale systems. This review examines two critical fields: the investigation of airborne particles, significant contributors to air pollution, and the rapidly emerging domain of catalytic and field-controlled nano- and micromotors. We examine the basic concepts of nano- and micromachines in motion and envision their possible use in a gaseous medium to trap and neutralize hazardous particulates. While past studies described the application of nanotechnology and nanomotors in various scenarios, airborne nano/micromachine motion and their control have yet to be thoroughly explored. This review intends to promote multidisciplinary research on nanomachines' propulsion and task-oriented applications, highlighting their relevance in obtaining a cleaner atmospheric environment, a critical component to consider for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Kuzin
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Fenyang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Brij Mohan
- Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Udit Choudhury
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Krunal Modi
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, School of Engineering, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana 382740, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Alexander A Solovev
- Department of Materials Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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Wang D, Mukhtar A, Humayun M, Wu K, Du Z, Wang S, Zhang Y. A Critical Review on Nanowire-Motors: Design, Mechanism and Applications. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200016. [PMID: 35616156 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire-motors (NW-Ms) are promoting the rapid development of emerging biomedicine and environmental governance, and are an important branch of micro-nano motors in the development of nanotechnology. In recent years, huge research breakthroughs have been made in these fields in terms of the fascinating microstructure, conversion efficiency and practical applications of NW-Ms. This review article introduces the latest milestones in NW-Ms research, from production methods, driving mechanisms, control methods to targeted drug delivery, sewage detection, sensors and cell capture. The dynamics and physics of micro-nano devices are reviewed, and finally the current challenges and future research directions in this field are discussed. This review further aims to provide certain guidance for the driving of NW-Ms to meet the urgent needs of emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Aiman Mukhtar
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Muhammad Humayun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Kaiming Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Zhilan Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shushen Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Wang J, Si J, Hao Y, Li J, Zhang P, Zuo C, Jin B, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li W, Guo R, Miao S. Halloysite-Based Nanorockets with Light-Enhanced Self-Propulsion for Efficient Water Remediation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1231-1242. [PMID: 35025514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite-based tubular nanorockets with chemical-/light-controlled self-propulsion and on-demand acceleration in velocity are reported. The nanorockets are fabricated by modifying halloysite nanotubes with nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and light-responsive α-Fe2O3 to prepare a composite of Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs. Compared to the traditional fabrication of tubular micro-/nanomotors, this strategy has merits in employing natural clay as substrates of an asymmetric tubular structure, of abundance, and of no complex instruments required. The velocity of self-propelled Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs nanorockets in fuel (3.0% H2O2) was ca. 1.7 times higher under the irradiation of visible light than that in darkness. Such light-enhanced propulsion can be wirelessly modulated by adjusting light intensity and H2O2 concentration. The highly repeatable and controlled "weak/strong" propulsion can be implemented by turning a light on and off. With the synergistic coupling of the photocatalysis of the Ag-Fe2O3 heterostructure and advanced oxidation in H2O2/visible light conditions, the Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs nanorockets achieve an enhanced performance of wastewater remediation. A test was done by the catalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The light-enhanced propulsion is demonstrated to accelerate the degradation kinetics dramatically. All of these results illustrated that such motors can achieve efficient water remediation and open a new path for the photodegradation of organic pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiwen Si
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yizhan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Peiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chuanxiao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Jilin Baofeng Ball Clay Co., Ltd, Hongyang Street, Dakouqin Town, Longtan District, Jilin City 132207, China
| | - Shiding Miao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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5
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A Brief Review on Challenges in Design and Development of Nanorobots for Medical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Robotics is a rapidly growing field, and the innovative idea to scale down the size of robots to the nanometer level has paved a new way of treating human health. Nanorobots have become the focus of many researchers aiming to explore their many potential applications in medicine. This paper focuses on manufacturing techniques involved in the fabrication of nanorobots and their associated challenges in terms of design architecture, sensors, actuators, powering, navigation, data transmission, followed by challenges in applications. In addition, an overview of various nanorobotic systems addresses different architectures of a nanorobot. Moreover, multiple medical applications, such as oncology, drug delivery, and surgery, are reviewed and summarized.
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Zhang W, Ohara K, Okamoto Y, Nawa-Okita E, Yamamoto D, Shioi A. Energy flux on a micromotor operating under stationary direct current voltage. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Harsha L, Bhuyan T, Maity S, Mondal PK, Ghosh SS, Bandyopadhyay D. Multifunctional liquid marbles to stabilize and transport reactive fluids. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5084-5095. [PMID: 33942823 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The self-organized transport and delivery of reactive liquids without spillage or loss of activity have been among the most daunting challenges for a long time. In this direction, we employ the concept of forming "liquid marbles" (LMs) to encapsulate and transport reactive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) coated with functional microparticles. For example, peroxide marbles coated with a toner ink display remote-controlled magnetotactic movement inside a fluidic medium, thus overcoming the weaknesses associated with use of the bare droplets. Interestingly, in such a scenario, the coating of the marbles could also be removed or reformed by bringing the magnet towards or away from the marble. In this way, this process could ensure an on-demand remotely guided coating on the peroxide droplet or its removal. The liquid marbles carrying peroxide solutions are found to preserve the activity of the peroxide and exhibit a low evaporation rate compared with the uncoated peroxide fuel. Interestingly, oil droplets floating on the water could be recovered by introducing the armoured LMs into water under magnetic guidance. Further, the functionalized marbles could be employed as suicide bags for the on-demand delivery of reactive materials in targeted locations. Preliminary research on the antibacterial activity of such liquid marbles has proven to be effective in bacterial killing, which may create new avenues for emerging antibacterial and antibiofilm applications. Finally, such functionalized LMs have been employed to investigate the effects of surface charge on attachment of recombinant Escherichia coli bacteria expressing green fluorescent protein and monitoring the real-time imaging of bacterial death attached to the marble surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lankipalli Harsha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India
| | - Tamanna Bhuyan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India
| | - Pranab K Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India and Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam - 781039, India.
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8
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The Energy Conversion behind Micro-and Nanomotors. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020222. [PMID: 33671593 PMCID: PMC7927089 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the autonomously moving organisms in nature, artificially synthesized micro-nano-scale power devices, also called micro-and nanomotors, are proposed. These micro-and nanomotors that can self-propel have been used for biological sensing, environmental remediation, and targeted drug transportation. In this article, we will systematically overview the conversion of chemical energy or other forms of energy in the external environment (such as electrical energy, light energy, magnetic energy, and ultrasound) into kinetic mechanical energy by micro-and nanomotors. The development and progress of these energy conversion mechanisms in the past ten years are reviewed, and the broad application prospects of micro-and nanomotors in energy conversion are provided.
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Su L, Ma J, Wang J, Jiang W, Zhang WX, Yang J. Site-selective exposure of iron nanoparticles to achieve rapid interface enrichment for heavy metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2795-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of Janus and core–shell nanostructured Fe@PMO are well designed with controllable site-exposure of iron nanoparticles for compared investigation the recovery behavior of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Jiaxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Wei-xian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
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Lin X, Xu B, Zhu H, Liu J, Solovev A, Mei Y. Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020. [PMID: 32728669 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7659749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With controllable size, biocompatibility, porosity, injectability, responsivity, diffusion time, reaction, separation, permeation, and release of molecular species, hydrogel microparticles achieve multiple advantages over bulk hydrogels for specific biomedical procedures. Moreover, so far studies mostly concentrate on local responses of hydrogels to chemical and/or external stimuli, which significantly limit the scope of their applications. Tetherless micromotors are autonomous microdevices capable of converting local chemical energy or the energy of external fields into motive forces for self-propelled or externally powered/controlled motion. If hydrogels can be integrated with micromotors, their applicability can be significantly extended and can lead to fully controllable responsive chemomechanical biomicromachines. However, to achieve these challenging goals, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and motive mechanisms of hydrogel micromotors need to be simultaneously integrated. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of micromotors and hydrogels and proposes next steps required for the development of hydrogel micromotors, which become increasingly important for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Borui Xu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinrun Liu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexander Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Lin X, Xu B, Zhu H, Liu J, Solovev A, Mei Y. Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:7659749. [PMID: 32728669 PMCID: PMC7368969 DOI: 10.34133/2020/7659749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With controllable size, biocompatibility, porosity, injectability, responsivity, diffusion time, reaction, separation, permeation, and release of molecular species, hydrogel microparticles achieve multiple advantages over bulk hydrogels for specific biomedical procedures. Moreover, so far studies mostly concentrate on local responses of hydrogels to chemical and/or external stimuli, which significantly limit the scope of their applications. Tetherless micromotors are autonomous microdevices capable of converting local chemical energy or the energy of external fields into motive forces for self-propelled or externally powered/controlled motion. If hydrogels can be integrated with micromotors, their applicability can be significantly extended and can lead to fully controllable responsive chemomechanical biomicromachines. However, to achieve these challenging goals, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and motive mechanisms of hydrogel micromotors need to be simultaneously integrated. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of micromotors and hydrogels and proposes next steps required for the development of hydrogel micromotors, which become increasingly important for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Borui Xu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinrun Liu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexander Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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12
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Bhuyan T, Dutta D, Bhattacharjee M, Singh AK, Ghosh SS, Bandyopadhyay D. Acoustic Propulsion of Vitamin C Loaded Teabots for Targeted Oxidative Stress and Amyloid Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4571-4582. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Bhuyan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mitradip Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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13
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Plutnar J, Pumera M. Chemotactic Micro‐ and Nanodevices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2190-2196. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plutnar
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology in Prague Technická 5 Prague 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology in Prague Technická 5 Prague 166 28 Czech Republic
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plutnar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague; Technická 5 Prague 166 28 Tschechische Republik
| | - Martin Pumera
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague; Technická 5 Prague 166 28 Tschechische Republik
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Safdar M, Khan SU, Jänis J. Progress toward Catalytic Micro- and Nanomotors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703660. [PMID: 29411445 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micro- and nanomotors (MNMs) are tiny objects that can autonomously move under the influence of an appropriate source of energy, such as a chemical fuel, magnetic field, ultrasound, or light. Chemically driven MNMs are composed of or contain certain reactive material(s) that convert chemical energy of a fuel into kinetic energy (motion) of the particles. Several different materials have been explored over the last decade for the preparation of a wide variety of MNMs. Here, the discovery of materials and approaches to enhance the efficiency of chemically driven MNMs are reviewed. Several prominent applications of the MNMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine and environmental science, are also discussed, as well as the limitations of existing materials and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
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16
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Pal M, Somalwar N, Singh A, Bhat R, Eswarappa SM, Saini DK, Ghosh A. Maneuverability of Magnetic Nanomotors Inside Living Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800429. [PMID: 29635828 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporally controlled active manipulation of external micro-/nanoprobes inside living cells can lead to development of innovative biomedical technologies and inspire fundamental studies of various biophysical phenomena. Examples include gene silencing applications, real-time mechanical mapping of the intracellular environment, studying cellular response to local stress, and many more. Here, for the first time, cellular internalization and subsequent intracellular manipulation of a system of helical nanomotors driven by small rotating magnetic fields with no adverse effect on the cellular viability are demonstrated. This remote method of fuelling and guidance limits the effect of mechanical transduction to cells containing external probes, in contrast to ultrasonically or chemically powered techniques that perturb the entire experimental volume. The investigation comprises three cell types, containing both cancerous and noncancerous types, and is aimed toward analyzing and engineering the motion of helical propellers through the crowded intracellular space. The studies provide evidence for the strong anisotropy, heterogeneity, and spatiotemporal variability of the cellular interior, and confirm the suitability of helical magnetic nanoprobes as a promising tool for future cellular investigations and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Pal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Neha Somalwar
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Anumeha Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sandeep M Eswarappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Deepak K Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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17
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Sun Y, Xu S, Tan S, Liu J. Multiple Electrohydrodynamic Effects on the Morphology and Running Behavior of Tiny Liquid Metal Motors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E192. [PMID: 30424125 PMCID: PMC6187728 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Minimized motors can harvest different types of energy and transfer them into kinetic power to carry out complex operations, such as targeted drug delivery, health care, sensing and so on. In recent years, the liquid metal motor is emerging as a very promising tiny machine. This work is dedicated to investigate the motion characteristics of self-powered liquid metal droplet machines under external electric field, after engulfing a small amount of aluminum. Two new non-dimensional parameters, named Ä and Ö , are put forward for the first time to evaluate the ratio of the forces resulting from the electric field to the fluidic viscous force and the ratio of the friction force to the fluidic viscous force. Forces exerted on liquid metal droplets, the viscosity between the droplet and the surrounding fluid, the pressure difference on both ends, the friction between the bottom of the droplet and the sink base, and bubble propulsion force are evaluated and estimated regarding whether they are impetus or resistance. Effects of electric field intensity, droplet size, solution concentration and surface roughness etc. on the morphology and running behavior of such tiny liquid metal motors are clarified in detail. This work sheds light on the moving mechanism of the liquid metal droplet in aqueous solutions, preparing for more precise and complicated control of liquid metal soft machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Shuo Xu
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Sicong Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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18
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Guo J, Gallegos JJ, Tom AR, Fan D. Electric-Field-Guided Precision Manipulation of Catalytic Nanomotors for Cargo Delivery and Powering Nanoelectromechanical Devices. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1179-1187. [PMID: 29303550 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a controllable and precision approach in manipulating catalytic nanomotors by strategically applied electric (E-) fields in three dimensions (3-D). With the high controllability, the catalytic nanomotors have demonstrated versatility in capturing, delivering, and releasing of cargos to designated locations as well as in situ integration with nanomechanical devices (NEMS) to chemically power the actuation. With combined AC and DC E-fields, catalytic nanomotors can be accurately aligned by the AC E-fields and effectively change their speeds instantly by the DC E-fields. Within the 3-D orthogonal microelectrode sets, the in-plane transport of catalytic nanomotors can be swiftly turned on and off, and these catalytic nanomotors can also move in the vertical direction. The interplaying nanoforces that govern the propulsion and alignment are investigated. The modeling of catalytic nanomotors proposed in previous works has been confirmed quantitatively here. Finally, the prowess of the precision manipulation of catalytic nanomotors by E-fields is demonstrated in two applications: the capture, transport, and release of cargos to prepatterned microdocks, and the assembly of catalytic nanomotors on NEMS to power the continuous rotation. The concepts and approaches reported in this work could further advance applications of catalytic nanomotors, e.g., for assembling and powering nanomachines, nanorobots, and complex NEMS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhe Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jeremie June Gallegos
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ashley Robyn Tom
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Donglei Fan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Dong R, Wang C, Wang Q, Pei A, She X, Zhang Y, Cai Y. ZnO-based microrockets with light-enhanced propulsion. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:15027-15032. [PMID: 28967007 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving the propulsion of artificial micro-nanomotors represents an exciting nanotechnology challenge, especially considering their cargo delivery ability and fuel efficiency. In light of the excellent photocatalytic performance of zinc oxide (ZnO) and chemical catalytic properties of platinum (Pt), ZnO-Pt microrockets with light-enhanced propulsion have been developed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. The velocity of such microrockets is dramatically doubled upon irradiation by 77 mW cm-2 ultraviolet (UV) light in 10% H2O2 and is almost 3 times higher than the classic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Pt microrockets (PEDOT-Pt microrockets) even in 6% H2O2 under the same UV light. In addition, such micromotors not only retain the standard approach to improve propulsion by varying the fuel concentration, but also demonstrate a simple way to enhance the movement velocity by adjusting the UV light intensity. High reversibility and controllable "weak/strong" propulsion can be easily achieved by switching the UV irradiation on or off. Finally, light-enhanced propulsion has been investigated by electrochemical measurements which further confirm the enhanced photocatalytic properties of ZnO and Pt. The successful demonstration of ZnO-based microrockets with excellent light-enhanced propulsion is significant for developing highly efficient synthetic micro-nanomotors which have strong delivery ability and economic fuel requirements for future practical applications in the micro-nanoscale world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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20
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Tu Y, Peng F, Wilson DA. Motion Manipulation of Micro- and Nanomotors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28841755 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the self-migration of microorganisms in nature, artificial micro- and nanomotors can mimic this fantastic behavior by converting chemical fuel or external energy into mechanical motion. These self-propelled micro- and nanomotors, designed either by top-down or bottom-up approaches, are able to achieve different applications, such as environmental remediation, sensing, cargo/sperm transportation, drug delivery, and even precision micro-/nanosurgery. For these various applications, especially biomedical applications, regulating on-demand the motion of micro- and nanomotors is quite essential. However, it remains a continuing challenge to increase the controllability over motors themselves. Here, we will discuss the recent advancements regarding the motion manipulation of micro- and nanomotors by different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Whitener KE. Surface fouling as a mechanism for chemotaxis in isotropic catalytic swimmers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:25207-25213. [PMID: 28885631 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present microscopic models for surface fouling of an isotropic spherical catalytic microswimmer at and away from equilibrium and show how a foulant gradient can induce chemotactic behavior. Our simulations establish that the presence of foulant manifests itself in two ways: as a braking effect on propulsive particle motion, and as a drift term which probes the foulant concentration gradient. Our results suggest that, while foulant gradients are unlikely to be directly useful for chemotactically directed particles, they nevertheless exert a non-negligible influence on particle motion under a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Whitener
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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22
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Eskandarloo H, Kierulf A, Abbaspourrad A. Light-harvesting synthetic nano- and micromotors: a review. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12218-12230. [PMID: 28809422 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micromotors are machines that can be made to perform specialized tasks as they propel themselves in response to certain stimuli. While the design of these self-propelling nano- and micromotors remains challenging, they have nevertheless attracted considerable research due to their many promising applications. Most self-propelled nano- and micromotors are based on the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical movement. Recently, however, the development of motors that can be propelled by light as an external stimulus has received much attention. The reason being that light is a renewable energy source that does not require any physical connection to the motor, does not usually lead to any waste products, and is easy to control. This review highlights recent progress in the development of light-harvesting synthetic motors that can be efficiently propelled and accurately controlled by exposure to light, and gives an overview of their fabrication methods, propulsion mechanisms, and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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23
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Ahmed D, Baasch T, Jang B, Pane S, Dual J, Nelson BJ. Artificial Swimmers Propelled by Acoustically Activated Flagella. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4968-74. [PMID: 27459382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have garnered considerable interest in the field of propulsion to maneuver micro- and nanosized objects. Acoustics provide an alternate and attractive method to generate propulsion. To date, most acoustic-based swimmers do not use structural resonances, and their motion is determined by a combination of bulk acoustic streaming and a standing-wave field. The resultant field is intrinsically dependent on the boundaries of their resonating chambers. Though acoustic based propulsion is appealing in biological contexts, existing swimmers are less efficient, especially when operating in vivo, since no predictable standing-wave can be established in a human body. Here we describe a new class of nanoswimmer propelled by the small-amplitude oscillation of a flagellum-like flexible tail in standing and, more importantly, in traveling acoustic waves. The artificial nanoswimmer, fabricated by multistep electrodeposition techniques, compromises a rigid bimetallic head and a flexible tail. During acoustic excitation of the nanoswimmer the tail structure oscillates, which leads to a large amplitude propulsion in traveling waves. FEM simulation results show that the structural resonances lead to high propulsive forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ahmed
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) and ‡Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Bumjin Jang
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) and ‡Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pane
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) and ‡Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) and ‡Institute of Mechanical Systems (IMES), ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
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24
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Mou F, Kong L, Chen C, Chen Z, Xu L, Guan J. Light-controlled propulsion, aggregation and separation of water-fuelled TiO2/Pt Janus submicromotors and their "on-the-fly" photocatalytic activities. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4976-4983. [PMID: 26579705 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06774j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, water-fuelled TiO2/Pt Janus submicromotors with light-controlled motions have been developed by utilizing the asymmetrical photocatalytic water redox reaction over TiO2/Pt Janus submicrospheres under UV irradiation. The motion state, speed, aggregation and separation behaviors of the TiO2/Pt Janus submicromotor can be reversibly, wirelessly and remotely controlled at will by regulating the "on/off" switch, intensity and pulsed/continuous irradiation mode of UV light. The motion of the water-fuelled TiO2/Pt Janus submicromotor is governed by light-induced self-electrophoresis under the local electrical field generated by the asymmetrical water oxidation and reduction reactions on its surface. The TiO2/Pt Janus submicromotors can interact with each other through the light-switchable electrostatic forces, and hence continuous and pulsed UV irradiation can make the TiO2/Pt Janus submicromotors aggregate and separate at will, respectively. Because of the enhanced mass exchange between the environment and active submicromotors, the separated TiO2/Pt Janus submicromotors powered by the pulsed UV irradiation show a much higher activity for the photocatalytic degradation of the organic dye than the aggregated TiO2/Pt submicromotors. The water-fuelled TiO2/Pt Janus submicromotors developed here have some outstanding advantages as "swimming" photocatalysts for organic pollutant remediation in the macro or microenvironment (microchannels and microwells in microchips) because of their small size, long-term stability, wirelessly controllable motion behaviors and long life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chuanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Leilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
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25
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Li Y, Mou F, Chen C, You M, Yin Y, Xu L, Guan J. Light-controlled bubble propulsion of amorphous TiO2/Au Janus micromotors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bubble-propelled amorphous TiO2/Au Janus micromotors with the reversibly light-controlled motion state and speed have been demonstrated by utilizing the efficient photocatalytic H2O2 decomposition over the in situ H2O2 sensitized amorphous TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Fangzhi Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Chuanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Yixia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Leilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
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26
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Zhang J, Guo R, Liu J. Self-propelled liquid metal motors steered by a magnetic or electrical field for drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5349-5357. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00996d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A self-propelled motor based on liquid metal is fabricated, and can be controlled by applying an external electrical or magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Medicine
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Medicine
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Medicine
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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27
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Yoshizumi Y, Honegger T, Berton K, Suzuki H, Peyrade D. Trajectory Control of Self-Propelled Micromotors Using AC Electrokinetics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5630-5635. [PMID: 26313378 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
3D control of the motion of self-powered micromotors is demonstrated using AC electrokinetics by applying an AC electric field on indium tin oxide transparent electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Yoshizumi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Thibault Honegger
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LTM, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LTM, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Kevin Berton
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LTM, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LTM, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - David Peyrade
- University of Grenoble Alpes, LTM, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LTM, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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28
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Peng F, Tu Y, van Hest JCM, Wilson DA. Self-Guided Supramolecular Cargo-Loaded Nanomotors with Chemotactic Behavior towards Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11662-5. [PMID: 26277327 PMCID: PMC4600232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Delivery vehicles that are able to actively seek and precisely locate targeted tissues using concentration gradients of signaling molecules have hardly been explored. The directed movement toward specific cell types of cargo-loaded polymeric nanomotors along a hydrogen peroxide concentration gradient (chemotaxis) is reported. Through self-assembly, bowl-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene nanomotors, or stomatocytes, were formed with platinum nanoparticles entrapped in the cavity while a model drug was encapsulated in the inner compartment. Directional movement of the stomatocytes in the presence of a fuel gradient (chemotaxis) was first demonstrated in both static and dynamic systems using glass channels and a microfluidic flow. The highly efficient response of these motors was subsequently shown by their directional and autonomous movement towards hydrogen peroxide secreting neutrophil cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The Netherlands)
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The Netherlands)
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The Netherlands).
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The Netherlands).
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29
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Self-Guided Supramolecular Cargo-Loaded Nanomotors with Chemotactic Behavior towards Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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31
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Mou F, Li Y, Chen C, Li W, Yin Y, Ma H, Guan J. Single-Component TiO2 Tubular Microengines with Motion Controlled by Light-Induced Bubbles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2564-70. [PMID: 25627213 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, light-controlled bubble-propelled single-component metal oxide tubular microengines have for the first time been demonstrated. For such a simple single-component TiO2 tubular microengine in H2O2 aqueous solution under UV irradiation, when the inner diameter and length of the tube are regulated, the O2 molecules will nucleate and grow into bubbles preferentially on the inner concave surface rather than on the outer surface, resulting in a vital propulsion of the microengine. More importantly, the motion state and speed can be modulated reversibly, fast (the response time is less than 0.2 s) and wirelessly by adjusting UV irradiation. Consequently, the as-developed TiO2 tubular microengine promises potential challenged applications related to photocatalysis, such as "on-the-fly" photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutes and photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria due to the low cost, single component, and simple structure, as well as the facile fabrication in a large-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Chuanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yixia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Huiru Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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Nourhani A, Crespi VH, Lammert PE. Self-consistent nonlocal feedback theory for electrocatalytic swimmers with heterogeneous surface chemical kinetics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:062303. [PMID: 26172715 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.062303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a self-consistent nonlocal feedback theory for the phoretic propulsion mechanisms of electrocatalytic micromotors or nanomotors. These swimmers, such as bimetallic platinum and gold rods catalyzing decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution, have received considerable theoretical attention. In contrast, the heterogeneous electrochemical processes with nonlocal feedback that are the actual "engines" of such motors are relatively neglected. We present a flexible approach to these processes using bias potential as a control parameter field and a locally-open-circuit reference state, carried through in detail for a spherical motor. While the phenomenological flavor makes meaningful contact with experiment easier, required inputs can also conceivably come from, e.g., Frumkin-Butler-Volmer kinetics. Previously obtained results are recovered in the weak-heterogeneity limit and improved small-basis approximations tailored to structural heterogeneity are presented. Under the assumption of weak inhomogeneity, a scaling form is deduced for motor speed as a function of fuel concentration and swimmer size. We argue that this form should be robust and demonstrate a good fit to experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul E Lammert
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Ahmed D, Lu M, Nourhani A, Lammert PE, Stratton Z, Muddana HS, Crespi VH, Huang TJ. Selectively manipulable acoustic-powered microswimmers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9744. [PMID: 25993314 PMCID: PMC4438614 DOI: 10.1038/srep09744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective actuation of a single microswimmer from within a diverse group would be a
first step toward collaborative guided action by a group of swimmers. Here we
describe a new class of microswimmer that accomplishes this goal. Our swimmer design
overcomes the commonly-held design paradigm that microswimmers must use
non-reciprocal motion to achieve propulsion; instead, the swimmer is
propelled by oscillatory motion of an air bubble trapped within the
swimmer's polymer body. This oscillatory motion is driven by the
application of a low-power acoustic field, which is biocompatible with biological
samples and with the ambient liquid. This acoustically-powered microswimmer
accomplishes controllable and rapid translational and rotational motion, even in
highly viscous liquids (with viscosity 6,000 times higher than that of water). And
by using a group of swimmers each with a unique bubble size (and resulting unique
resonance frequencies), selective actuation of a single swimmer from among the group
can be readily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ahmed
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Mengqian Lu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul E Lammert
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Zak Stratton
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Hari S Muddana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802 USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- 1] Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA [3] Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- 1] Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802 USA
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Liu M, Liu L, Gao W, Su M, Ge Y, Shi L, Zhang H, Dong B, Li CY. Nanoparticle mediated micromotor motion. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4949-55. [PMID: 25689965 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the utilization of nanoparticles to mediate the motion of a polymer single crystal catalytic micromotor. Micromotors have been fabricated by directly self-assembling functional nanoparticles (platinum and iron oxide nanoparticles) onto one or both sides of two-dimensional polymer single crystals. We show that the moving velocity of these micromotors in fluids can be readily tuned by controlling the nanoparticles' surface wettability and catalytic activity. A 3 times velocity increase has been achieved for a hydrophobic micromotor as opposed to the hydrophilic ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the catalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles inside the micromotor can be enhanced by their synergetic interactions with iron oxide nanoparticles and an electric field. Both strategies lead to dramatically increased moving velocities, with the highest value reaching ∼200 μm s(-1). By decreasing the nanoparticles' surface wettability and increasing their catalytic activity, a maximum of a ∼10-fold increase in the moving speed of the nanoparticle based micromotor can be achieved. Our results demonstrate the advantages of using nanoparticles in micromotor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center (CIC) of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
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35
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Sánchez S, Soler L, Katuri J. Chemically powered micro- and nanomotors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1414-44. [PMID: 25504117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemically powered micro- and nanomotors are small devices that are self-propelled by catalytic reactions in fluids. Taking inspiration from biomotors, scientists are aiming to find the best architecture for self-propulsion, understand the mechanisms of motion, and develop accurate control over the motion. Remotely guided nanomotors can transport cargo to desired targets, drill into biomaterials, sense their environment, mix or pump fluids, and clean polluted water. This Review summarizes the major advances in the growing field of catalytic nanomotors, which started ten years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sánchez
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany) http://www.is.mpg.de/sanchez; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona (Spain); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona (Spain).
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36
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37
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Xu T, Soto F, Gao W, Garcia-Gradilla V, Li J, Zhang X, Wang J. Ultrasound-Modulated Bubble Propulsion of Chemically Powered Microengines. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8552-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tailin Xu
- Departments
of Nanoengineering and Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Research
Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Fernando Soto
- Departments
of Nanoengineering and Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Departments
of Nanoengineering and Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Victor Garcia-Gradilla
- Departments
of Nanoengineering and Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jinxing Li
- Departments
of Nanoengineering and Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research
Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Joseph Wang
- Departments
of Nanoengineering and Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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38
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Guix M, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Merkoçi A. Nano/micromotors in (bio)chemical science applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6285-322. [PMID: 24827167 DOI: 10.1021/cr400273r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guix
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanosciencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Nourhani A, Byun YM, Lammert PE, Borhan A, Crespi VH. Nanomotor mechanisms and motive force distributions from nanorotor trajectories. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:062317. [PMID: 24483454 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.062317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanomotors convert chemical energy into mechanical motion. For a given motor type, the underlying chemical reaction that enables motility is typically well known, but the detailed, quantitative mechanism by which this reaction breaks symmetry and converts chemical energy to mechanical motion is often less clear, since it is difficult experimentally to measure important parameters such as the spatial distribution of chemical species around the nanorotor during operation. Without this information on how motor geometry affects motor function, it is difficult to control and optimize nanomotor behavior. Here we demonstrate how one easily observable characteristic of nanomotor operation-the visible trajectory of a nanorotor-can provide quantitative information about the role of asymmetry in nanomotor operation, as well as insights into the spatial distribution of motive force along the surface of the nanomotor, the motive torques, and the effective diffusional motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Young-Moo Byun
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul E Lammert
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ali Borhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Fosdick SE, Knust KN, Scida K, Crooks RM. Bipolar Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10438-56. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Baraban L, Harazim SM, Sanchez S, Schmidt OG. Chemotactic Behavior of Catalytic Motors in Microfluidic Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Baraban L, Harazim SM, Sanchez S, Schmidt OG. Chemotactic behavior of catalytic motors in microfluidic channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5552-6. [PMID: 23616282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Baraban
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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44
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Liu Z, Li J, Wang J, Huang G, Liu R, Mei Y. Small-scale heat detection using catalytic microengines irradiated by laser. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1345-1352. [PMID: 23291927 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32494f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel approach to modulating the motion speed of catalytic microtubular engines via laser irradiation/heating with regard to small-scale heat detection. Laser irradiation on the engines leads to a thermal heating effect and thus enhances the engine speed. During a laser on/off period, the motion behaviour of a microengine can be repeatable and reversible, demonstrating a regulation of motion speeds triggered by laser illumination. Also, the engine velocity exhibits a linear dependence on laser power in various fuel concentrations, which implies an application potential as local heat sensors. Our work may hold great promise in applications such as lab on a chip, micro/nano factories, and environmental detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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45
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Koenigsmann C, Tan Z, Peng H, Sutter E, Jacobskind J, Wong SS. Multifunctional Nanochemistry: Ambient, Electroless, Template-Based Synthesis and Characterization of Segmented Bimetallic Pd/Au and Pd/Pt Nanowires as High-Performance Electrocatalysts and Nanomotors. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Sengupta S, Ibele ME, Sen A. Fantastic Voyage: Designing Self‐Powered Nanorobots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8434-45. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samudra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (USA) http://research.chem.psu.edu/axsgroup
| | - Michael E. Ibele
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (USA) http://research.chem.psu.edu/axsgroup
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (USA) http://research.chem.psu.edu/axsgroup
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47
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Sengupta S, Ibele ME, Sen A. Die phantastische Reise: Nanoroboter mit Eigenantrieb. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samudra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (USA) http://research.chem.psu.edu/axsgroup
| | - Michael E. Ibele
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (USA) http://research.chem.psu.edu/axsgroup
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (USA) http://research.chem.psu.edu/axsgroup
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48
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Solovev AA, Xi W, Gracias DH, Harazim SM, Deneke C, Sanchez S, Schmidt OG. Self-propelled nanotools. ACS NANO 2012; 6:1751-6. [PMID: 22233271 DOI: 10.1021/nn204762w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe nanoscale tools in the form of autonomous and remotely guided catalytically self-propelled InGaAs/GaAs/(Cr)Pt tubes. These rolled-up tubes with diameters in the range of 280-600 nm move in hydrogen peroxide solutions with speeds as high as 180 μm s(-1). The effective transfer of chemical energy to translational motion has allowed these tubes to perform useful tasks such as transport of cargo. Furthermore, we observed that, while cylindrically rolled-up tubes move in a straight line, asymmetrically rolled-up tubes move in a corkscrew-like trajectory, allowing these tubes to drill and embed themselves into biomaterials. Our observations suggest that shape and asymmetry can be utilized to direct the motion of catalytic nanotubes and enable mechanized functions at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Solovev
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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49
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Loget G, Kuhn A. Bulk synthesis of Janus objects and asymmetric patchy particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31740k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Gao W, Sattayasamitsathit S, Wang J. Catalytically propelled micro-/nanomotors: how fast can they move? CHEM REC 2011; 12:224-31. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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