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Zhao C, Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhan Y. Identification and characterization of cold-responsive aquaporins from the larvae of a crambid pest Agriphila aeneociliella (Eversmann) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16403. [PMID: 38025732 PMCID: PMC10652857 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As small ectotherms, insects need to cope with the challenges of winter cold by regulating the water content through water transport. Aquaporins (AQPs) are key players to enhance the cold resistance by mediating essential homeostatic processes in many animals but remain poorly characterized in insects. Agriphila aeneociliella is a newly discovered winter wheat pest in China, and its early-stage larvae have strong tolerance to low temperature stress. Six AQP genes were identified, which belong to five AQP subfamilies (RPIP, Eglp, AQP12L, PRIP, DRIP). All of them contained six hydrophobic transmembrane helices (TMHs) and two relatively conservative Asparagine-Proline-Alanine motifs. The three-dimensional homology modeling showed that the six TMHs folded into an hourglass-like shape, and the imperceptible replace of four ar/R residues in contraction region had critical effects on changing the pore size of channels. Moreover, the transcript levels of AaAQP 1, 3, and 6 increased significantly with the treatment time below 0 °C. Combined with the results of pore radius variation, it is suggested that AaAQP1 and AaAQP3 may be considered to be the key anti-hypothermia proteins in A. aeneociliella by regulating rapid cell dehydration and allowing the influx of extracellular cold resistance molecules, thus avoiding death in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Weihai Huancui District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Weihai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yidi Zhan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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2
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Eickhoff L, Keßler M, Stubbs C, Derksen J, Viefhues M, Anselmetti D, Gibson MI, Hoge B, Koop T. Ice nucleation in aqueous solutions of short- and long-chain poly(vinyl alcohol) studied with a droplet microfluidics setup. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2882248. [PMID: 37093996 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has ice binding and ice nucleating properties. Here, we explore the dependence of the molecular size of PVA on its ice nucleation activity. For this purpose, we studied ice nucleation in aqueous solutions of PVA samples with molar masses ranging from 370 to 145 000 g mol-1, with a particular focus on oligomer samples with low molar mass. The experiments employed a novel microfluidic setup that is a follow-up on the previous WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on a Microarray (WISDOM) design by Reicher et al. The modified setup introduced and characterized here, termed nanoliter Bielefeld Ice Nucleation ARraY (nanoBINARY), uses droplet microfluidics with droplets (96 ± 4) µm in diameter and a fluorinated continuous oil phase and surfactant. A comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation data obtained with nanoBINARY to those obtained with WISDOM shows very good agreement, underpinning its ability to study low-temperature ice nucleators as well as homogeneous ice nucleation due to the low background of impurities. The experiments on aqueous PVA solutions revealed that the ice nucleation activity of shorter PVA chains strongly decreases with a decrease in molar mass. While the cumulative number of ice nucleating sites per mass nm of polymers with different molar masses is the same, it becomes smaller for oligomers and completely vanishes for dimer and monomer representatives such as 1,3-butanediol, propan-2-ol, and ethanol, most likely because these molecules become too small to effectively stabilize the critical ice embryo. Overall, our results are consistent with PVA polymers and oligomers acting as heterogeneous ice nucleators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Eickhoff
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christopher Stubbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Derksen
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martina Viefhues
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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3
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Tchessalov S, Shalaev E, Bhatnagar B, Nail S, Alexeenko A, Jameel F, Srinivasan J, Dekner M, Sahni E, Schneid S, Kazarin P, McGarvey O, Van Meervenne B, Kshirsagar V, Pande P, Philipp J, Sacha G, Wu K, Azzarella J, Shivkumar G, Bhatt S, Mehta SB. Best Practices and Guidelines (2022) for Scale-up and Technology Transfer in Freeze Drying Based on Case Studies. Part 2: Past Practices, Current Best Practices, and Recommendations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:96. [PMID: 37012545 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scale-up and transfer of lyophilization processes remain very challenging tasks considering the technical challenges and the high cost of the process itself. The challenges in scale-up and transfer were discussed in the first part of this paper and include vial breakage during freezing at commercial scale, cake resistance differences between scales, impact of differences in refrigeration capacities, and geometry on the performance of dryers. The second part of this work discusses successful and unsuccessful practices in scale-up and transfer based on the experience of the authors. Regulatory aspects of scale-up and transfer of lyophilization processes were also outlined including a topic on the equivalency of dryers. Based on an analysis of challenges and a summary of best practices, recommendations on scale-up and transfer of lyophilization processes are given including projections on future directions in this area of the freeze drying field. Recommendations on the choice of residual vacuum in the vials were also provided for a wide range of vial capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alina Alexeenko
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 W State St., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Petr Kazarin
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 W State St., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ke Wu
- AbbVie, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shyam B Mehta
- Teva Pharmaceuticals, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Ren Y, Bertram AK, Patey GN. Influence of pH on Ice Nucleation by Kaolinite: Experiments and Molecular Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9227-9243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Allan K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - G. N. Patey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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5
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Alpert PA, Kilthau WP, O’Brien RE, Moffet RC, Gilles MK, Wang B, Laskin A, Aller JY, Knopf DA. Ice-nucleating agents in sea spray aerosol identified and quantified with a holistic multimodal freezing model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6842. [PMID: 36322651 PMCID: PMC9629709 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosol (SSA) is a widely recognized important source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the atmosphere. However, composition-specific identification, nucleation processes, and ice nucleation rates of SSA-INPs have not been well constrained. Microspectroscopic characterization of ambient and laboratory-generated SSA confirms that water-borne exudates from planktonic microorganisms composed of a mixture of proteinaceous and polysaccharidic compounds act as ice-nucleating agents (INAs). These data and data from previously published mesocosm and wave channel studies are subsequently used to further develop the stochastic freezing model (SFM) producing ice nucleation rate coefficients for SSA-INPs. The SFM simultaneously predicts immersion freezing and deposition and homogeneous ice nucleation by SSA particles under tropospheric conditions. Predicted INP concentrations agree with ambient and laboratory measurements. In addition, this holistic freezing model is independent of the source and exact composition of the SSA particles, making it well suited for implementation in cloud and climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Alpert
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Wendy P. Kilthau
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rachel E. O’Brien
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryan C. Moffet
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
- Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA
| | - Mary K. Gilles
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bingbing Wang
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Alexander Laskin
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Josephine Y. Aller
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daniel A. Knopf
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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6
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Yao Y, Alpert PA, Zuend A, Wang B. Does liquid-liquid phase separation impact ice nucleation in mixed polyethylene glycol and ammonium sulfate droplets? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:80-95. [PMID: 36281770 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04407b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Particles can undergo different phase transitions in the atmosphere including deliquescence, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), melting, and freezing. In this study, phase transitions of particles/droplets containing polyethylene glycol with a molar mass of 400 g mol-1 (PEG400) and ammonium sulfate (AS), i.e., PEG400-AS particles/droplets, were investigated at different organic-to-inorganic dry mass ratios (OIRs) under typical tropospheric temperatures and water activities (aw). The investigated droplets (60-100 μm) with or without LLPS in the closed system froze through homogeneous ice nucleation. At temperatures lower than 200 K, multiple ice nucleation events were observed within the same individual droplets at low aw. Droplets with and without LLPS shared similar lambda values at the same OIR according to the lambda approach indicating they form ice through the same mechanism. A parameterization of lambda values was provided which can be used to predict freezing temperature of aqueous PEG400-AS droplets. We found that adding AS reduces the temperature dependence of aw in aqueous PEG400 droplets. Assuming incorrectly that aw is temperature-independent for a constant droplet composition leads to a deviation between the experimental determined ice nucleation rate coefficients for droplets at OIR > 1 and the predicted values by the water-activity-based ice nucleation theory. We proposed a parameterization of temperature dependence of aw to minimize the deviations of the measured melting temperatures and nucleation rate coefficients from the corresponding predictions for aqueous PEG400-AS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Peter A Alpert
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bingbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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7
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Whale TF. Disordering effect of the ammonium cation accounts for anomalous enhancement of heterogeneous ice nucleation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:144503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0084635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nucleation of ice from supercooled water is the process responsible for triggering nearly all ice formation in the natural environment. Understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation is particularly key for understanding the formation of ice in clouds, which impacts weather and climate. While many effective ice nucleators are known the mechanisms of their actions remain poorly understood. Some inorganic nucleators have been found to nucleate ice at warmer temperatures in dilute ammonium solution than in pure water. This is surprising, analogous to salty water melting at a warmer temperature than pure water. Here, the magnitude of this effect is rationalized as being due to thermodynamically favorable ammonium-induced disordering of the hydrogen bond network of ice critical clusters formed on inorganic ice nucleators. Theoretical calculations are shown to be consistent with new experimental measurements aimed at finding the maximum magnitude of the effect. The implication of this study is that the ice-nucleating sites and surfaces of many inorganic ice nucleators are either polar or charged and therefore tend to induce formation of hydrogen ordered ice clusters. This work corroborates various literature reports indicating that some inorganic ice nucleators are most effective when nominally neutral and implies a commonality in mechanism between a wide range of inorganic ice nucleators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
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8
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Consiglio AN, Lilley D, Prasher R, Rubinsky B, Powell-Palm MJ. Methods to stabilize aqueous supercooling identified by use of an isochoric nucleation detection (INDe) device. Cryobiology 2022; 106:91-101. [PMID: 35337797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stable aqueous supercooling has shown significant potential as a technique for human tissue preservation, food cold storage, conservation biology, and beyond, but its stochastic nature has made its translation outside the laboratory difficult. In this work, we present an isochoric nucleation detection (INDe) platform for automated, high-throughput characterization of aqueous supercooling at >1 mL volumes, which enables statistically-powerful determination of the temperatures and time periods for which supercooling in a given aqueous system will remain stable. We employ the INDe to investigate the effects of thermodynamic, surface, and chemical parameters on aqueous supercooling, and demonstrate that various simple system modifications can significantly enhance supercooling stability, including isochoric (constant-volume) confinement, hydrophobic container walls, and the addition of even mild concentrations of solute. Finally, in order to enable informed design of stable supercooled biopreservation protocols, we apply a statistical model to estimate stable supercooling durations as a function of temperature and solution chemistry, producing proof-of-concept supercooling stability maps for four common cryoprotective solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Drew Lilley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ravi Prasher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Powell-Palm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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9
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Martelli F, Palmer JC. Signatures of sluggish dynamics and local structural ordering during ice nucleation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:114502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0083638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the microscopic pathway of spontaneous crystallization in the ST2 model of water under deeply supercooled conditions via unbiased classical molecular dynamics simulations. After quenching below the liquid–liquid critical point, the ST2 model spontaneously separates into low-density liquid (LDL) and high-density liquid phases, respectively. The LDL phase, which is characterized by lower molecular mobility and enhanced structural order, fosters the formation of a sub-critical ice nucleus that, after a stabilization time, develops into the critical nucleus and grows. Polymorphic selection coincides with the development of the sub-critical nucleus and favors the formation of cubic (Ic) over hexagonal (Ih) ice. We rationalize polymorphic selection in terms of geometric arguments based on differences in the symmetry of second neighbor shells of ice Ic and Ih, which are posited to favor formation of the former. The rapidly growing critical nucleus absorbs both Ic and Ih crystallites dispersed in the liquid phase, a crystal with stacking faults. Our results are consistent with, and expand upon, recent observations of non-classical nucleation pathways in several systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Martelli
- IBM Research Europe, Hartree Centre, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy C. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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10
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Alpert PA, Boucly A, Yang S, Yang H, Kilchhofer K, Luo Z, Padeste C, Finizio S, Ammann M, Watts B. Ice nucleation imaged with X-ray spectro-microscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:335-351. [PMID: 35694137 PMCID: PMC9119033 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ice nucleation is one of the most uncertain microphysical processes, as it occurs in various ways and on many types of particles. To overcome this challenge, we present a heterogeneous ice nucleation study on deposition ice nucleation and immersion freezing in a novel cryogenic X-ray experiment with the capability to spectroscopically probe individual ice nucleating and non-ice nucleating particles. Mineral dust type particles composed of either ferrihydrite or feldspar were used and mixed with organic matter of either citric acid or xanthan gum. We observed in situ ice nucleation using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and identified unique organic carbon functionalities and iron oxidation state using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy in the new in situ environmental ice cell, termed the ice nucleation X-ray cell (INXCell). Deposition ice nucleation of ferrihydrite occurred at a relative humidity with respect to ice, RHi, between ∼120–138% and temperatures, T ∼ 232 K. However, we also observed water uptake on ferrihydrite at the same T when deposition ice nucleation did not occur. Although, immersion freezing of ferrihydrite both in pure water droplets and in aqueous citric acid occurred at or slightly below conditions for homogeneous freezing, i.e. the effect of ferrihydrite particles acting as a heterogeneous ice nucleus for immersion freezing was small. Microcline K-rich feldspar mixed with xanthan gum was also used in INXCell experiments. Deposition ice nucleation occurred at conditions when xanthan gum was expected to be highly viscous (glassy). At less viscous conditions, immersion freezing was observed. We extended a model for heterogeneous and homogeneous ice nucleation, named the stochastic freezing model (SFM). It was used to quantify heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficients, mimic the competition between homogeneous ice nucleation; water uptake; deposition ice nucleation and immersion freezing, and predict the T and RHi at which ice was observed. The importance of ferrihydrite to act as a heterogeneous ice nucleating particle in the atmosphere using the SFM is discussed. Ice nucleation can now be imaged in situ using X-ray spectro-microscopy in a new experiment, which is applied to mineral aerosol particles composed of ferrihydrite or feldspar and associated organic matter.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Alpert
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Boucly
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Shuo Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huanyu Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Kilchhofer
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zhaochu Luo
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Celestino Padeste
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Simone Finizio
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Watts
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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11
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Baloh P, Hanlon R, Anderson C, Dolan E, Pacholik G, Stinglmayr D, Burkart J, Felgitsch L, Schmale DG, Grothe H. Seasonal ice nucleation activity of water samples from alpine rivers and lakes in Obergurgl, Austria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149442. [PMID: 34426361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous ice nucleation plays an important role in many environmental processes such as ice cloud formation, freezing of water bodies or biological freeze protection in the cryosphere. New information is needed about the seasonal availability, nature, and activity of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in alpine environments. These INPs trigger the phase transition from liquid water to solid ice at elevated subzero temperatures. We collected water samples from a series of alpine rivers and lakes (two valleys and their rivers, an artificial pond, and a natural lake system) in Obergurgl, Austria in June 2016, July 2016, November 2016, and May 2017. Each alpine river and lake was sampled multiple times across different seasons, depending on site access during different times of the year. Water samples were filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane filter to separate microbial INPs from the water, and both fractions were analyzed for ice nucleation activity (INA) by an emulsion freezing method. Microorganisms were cultured from the filters, and the cultures then analyzed for INA. Portions of the filtered samples were concentrated by lyophilization to observe potential enhancement of INA. Two sediment samples were taken as reference points for inorganic INPs. Sub-micron INPs were observed in all of the alpine water sources studied, and a seasonal shift to a higher fraction of microbial ice nucleators cultured on selective media was observed during the winter collections. Particles larger than 0.22 μm showed INA, and microbes were cultured from this fraction. Results from 60 samples gave evidence of a seasonal change in INA, presence of submicrometer INPs, and show the abundance of culturable microorganisms, with late spring and early summer showing the most active biological INPs. With additional future research on this topic ski resorts could make use of such knowledge of geographical and seasonal trends of microbial INPs in freshwater habitats in order to improve the production of artificial snow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baloh
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Hanlon
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Eoin Dolan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Julia Burkart
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - David G Schmale
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hinrich Grothe
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Kobelev AV, Shishova NV, Ugraitskaya SV, Zalomova LV, Yashin VA, Penkov NV, Fesenko EE. The Effect of Gases on the Structural Integrity of Ice that Forms when Water and Cryoprotective Solutions Are Frozen: An Optical-Microscope Study. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921050092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Schwidetzky R, Lukas M, YazdanYar A, Kunert AT, Pöschl U, Domke KF, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Bonn M, Koop T, Nagata Y, Meister K. Specific Ion-Protein Interactions Influence Bacterial Ice Nucleation. Chemistry 2021; 27:7402-7407. [PMID: 33464680 PMCID: PMC8251952 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ice nucleation‐active bacteria are the most efficient ice nucleators known, enabling the crystallization of water at temperatures close to 0 °C, thereby overcoming the kinetically hindered phase transition process at these conditions. Using highly specialized ice‐nucleating proteins (INPs), they can cause frost damage to plants and influence the formation of clouds and precipitation in the atmosphere. In nature, the bacteria are usually found in aqueous environments containing ions. The impact of ions on bacterial ice nucleation efficiency, however, has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that ions can profoundly influence the efficiency of bacterial ice nucleators in a manner that follows the Hofmeister series. Weakly hydrated ions inhibit bacterial ice nucleation whereas strongly hydrated ions apparently facilitate ice nucleation. Surface‐specific sum‐frequency generation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the different effects are due to specific interactions of the ions with the INPs on the surface of the bacteria. Our results demonstrate that heterogeneous ice nucleation facilitated by bacteria strongly depends upon the nature of the ions, and specific ion–protein interactions are essential for the complete description of heterogeneous ice nucleation by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Lukas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Azade YazdanYar
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna T Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin F Domke
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konrad Meister
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,University of Alaska Southeast, 99801, Juneau, AK, USA
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14
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Xi Y, Mercier A, Kuang C, Yun J, Christy A, Melo L, Maldonado MT, Raymond JA, Bertram AK. Concentrations and properties of ice nucleating substances in exudates from Antarctic sea-ice diatoms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:323-334. [PMID: 33464270 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ocean contains ice nucleating substances (INSs), some of which can be emitted to the atmosphere where they can influence the formation and properties of clouds. A possible source of INSs in the ocean is exudates from sea-ice diatoms. Here we examine the concentrations and properties of INSs in supernatant samples from dense sea-ice diatom communities collected from Ross Sea and McMurdo Sound in the Antarctic. The median freezing temperatures of the samples ranged from approximately -17 to -22 °C. Based on our results and a comparison with results reported in the literature, the ice nucleating ability of exudates from sea-ice diatoms is likely not drastically different from the ice nucleating ability of exudates from temperate diatoms. The number of INSs per mass of DOC for the supernatant samples were lower than those reported previously for the sea surface microlayer and bulk sea water collected in the Arctic and Atlantic. The INSs in the supernatant sample collected from Ross Sea were not sensitive to temperatures up to 100 °C, were larger than 300 kDa, and were different from ice shaping and recrystallization inhibiting molecules present in the same sample. Possible candidates for these INSs include polysaccharide containing nanogels. The INSs in the supernatant sample collected from McMurdo Sound were sensitive to temperatures of 80 and 100 °C and were larger than 1000 kDa. Possible candidates for these INSs include protein containing nanogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Alexia Mercier
- Department of Chemistry, Sorbonne University, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cheng Kuang
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020 - 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jingwei Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Ashton Christy
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Luke Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Maria T Maldonado
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020 - 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - James A Raymond
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy., Las Vegas, NV89154, USA
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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15
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Zhang Z, Ying Y, Xu M, Zhang C, Rao Z, Ke S, Zhou Y, Huang H, Fei L. Atomic Steps Induce the Aligned Growth of Ice Crystals on Graphite Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8112-8119. [PMID: 33044079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols strongly affects the earth's climate, and at the microscopic level, surface-irregularity-induced ice crystallization behaviors are common but crucial. Because of the lack of visual evidence and effective experimental methods, the mechanism of atomic-structure-dependent ice formation on aerosol surfaces is poorly understood. Here we chose highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) to represent soot (a primary aerosol), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was performed for in situ observations of ice formation. We found that hexagonal ice crystals show an aligned growth pattern via a two-stage pathway with one a axis coinciding with the direction of atomic step edges on the HOPG surface. Additionally, the ice crystals grow at a noticeably higher speed along this direction. This study reveals the role of atomic surface defects in heterogeneous ice nucleation and may pave the way to control icing-related processes in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiran Ying
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanlin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenggang Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shanming Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yangbo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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16
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Ogawa S, Osanai S. Solute- and concentration-dependent heterogeneous ice nucleation behaviors in AgI composite water droplets. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Xiang H, Yang X, Ke L, Hu Y. The properties, biotechnologies, and applications of antifreeze proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:661-675. [PMID: 32156540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
By natural selection, organisms evolve different solutions to cope with extremely cold weather. The emergence of an antifreeze protein gene is one of the most momentous solutions. Antifreeze proteins possess an importantly functional ability for organisms to survive in cold environments and are widely found in various cold-tolerant species. In this review, we summarize the origin of antifreeze proteins, describe the diversity of their species-specific properties and functions, and highlight the related biotechnology on the basis of both laboratory tests and bioinformatics analysis. The most recent advances in the applications of antifreeze proteins are also discussed. We expect that this systematic review will contribute to the comprehensive knowledge of antifreeze proteins to readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
| | - Lei Ke
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
| | - Yong Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology.
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18
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Knopf DA, Alpert PA, Zipori A, Reicher N, Rudich Y. Stochastic nucleation processes and substrate abundance explain time-dependent freezing in supercooled droplets. NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE 2020; 3:2. [PMID: 32754650 PMCID: PMC7402410 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-020-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric immersion freezing (IF), a heterogeneous ice nucleation process where an ice nucleating particle (INP) is immersed in supercooled water, is a dominant ice formation pathway impacting the hydrological cycle and climate. Implementation of IF derived from field and laboratory data in cloud and climate models is difficult due to the high variability in spatio-temporal scales, INP composition, and morphological complexity. We demonstrate that IF can be consistently described by a stochastic nucleation process accounting for uncertainties in the INP surface area. This approach accounts for time-dependent freezing, a wide range of surface areas and challenges phenomenological descriptions typically used to interpret IF. The results have an immediate impact on the current description, interpretation, and experiments of IF and its implementation in models. The findings are in accord with nucleation theory, and thus should hold for any supercooled liquid material that nucleates in contact with a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Knopf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Peter A. Alpert
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Assaf Zipori
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naama Reicher
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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19
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Ice Nucleation Properties of Ice-binding Proteins from Snow Fleas. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100532. [PMID: 31557956 PMCID: PMC6843771 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are found in many organisms, such as fish and hexapods, plants, and bacteria that need to cope with low temperatures. Ice nucleation and thermal hysteresis are two attributes of IBPs. While ice nucleation is promoted by large proteins, known as ice nucleating proteins, the smaller IBPs, referred to as antifreeze proteins (AFPs), inhibit the growth of ice crystals by up to several degrees below the melting point, resulting in a thermal hysteresis (TH) gap between melting and ice growth. Recently, we showed that the nucleation capacity of two types of IBPs corresponds to their size, in agreement with classical nucleation theory. Here, we expand this finding to additional IBPs that we isolated from snow fleas (the arthropod Collembola), collected in northern Israel. Chemical analyses using circular dichroism and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data suggest that these IBPs have a similar structure to a previously reported snow flea antifreeze protein. Further experiments reveal that the ice-shell purified proteins have hyperactive antifreeze properties, as determined by nanoliter osmometry, and also exhibit low ice-nucleation activity in accordance with their size.
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20
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Mael LE, Busse H, Grassian VH. Measurements of Immersion Freezing and Heterogeneous Chemistry of Atmospherically Relevant Single Particles with Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11138-11145. [PMID: 31373198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the atmosphere, there are several different trajectories by which particles can nucleate ice; two of the major pathways are deposition and immersion freezing. Single particle depositional freezing has been widely studied with spectroscopic methods while immersion freezing has been predominantly studied either for particles within bulk aqueous solutions or using optical imaging of single particles. Of the few existing spectroscopic methods that monitor immersion freezing, there are limited opportunities for investigating the impact of heterogeneous chemistry on freezing. Herein, we describe a method that couples a confocal Raman spectrometer with an environmental cell to investigate single particle immersion freezing along with the capability to investigate in situ the impact of heterogeneous reactions with ozone and other trace gases on ice nucleation. This system, which has been rigorously calibrated (temperature and relative humidity) across a large dynamic range, is used to investigate low temperature water uptake and heterogeneous ice nucleation of atmospherically relevant single particles deposited on a substrate. The use of Raman spectroscopy provides important insights into the phase state and chemical composition of ice nuclei and, thus, insights into cloud formation.
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21
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Zeppenfeld S, van Pinxteren M, Hartmann M, Bracher A, Stratmann F, Herrmann H. Glucose as a Potential Chemical Marker for Ice Nucleating Activity in Arctic Seawater and Melt Pond Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8747-8756. [PMID: 31248257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies pointed to a high ice nucleating activity (INA) in the Arctic sea surface microlayer (SML). However, related chemical information is still sparse. In the present study, INA and free glucose concentrations were quantified in Arctic SML and bulk water samples from the marginal ice zone, the ice-free ocean, melt ponds, and open waters within the ice pack. T50 (defining INA) ranged from -17.4 to -26.8 °C. Glucose concentrations varied from 0.6 to 51 μg/L with highest values in the SML from the marginal ice zone and melt ponds (median 16.3 and 13.5 μg/L) and lower values in the SML from the ice pack and the ice-free ocean (median 3.9 and 4.0 μg/L). Enrichment factors between the SML and the bulk ranged from 0.4 to 17. A positive correlation was observed between free glucose concentration and INA in Arctic water samples (T50(°C) = (-25.6 ± 0.6) + (0.15 ± 0.04)·Glucose(μg/L), RP = 0.66, n = 74). Clustering water samples based on phytoplankton pigment composition resulted in robust but different correlations within the four clusters (RP between 0.67 and 0.96), indicating a strong link to phytoplankton-related processes. Since glucose did not show significant INA itself, free glucose may serve as a potential tracer for INA in Arctic water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Astrid Bracher
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research , Bremerhaven , Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
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22
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Karlsson JO, Braslavsky I, Elliott JAW. Protein-Water-Ice Contact Angle. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7383-7387. [PMID: 29979046 PMCID: PMC6563840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The protein-water-ice contact angle is a controlling parameter in diverse fields. Here we show that data from three different experiments, at three different length scales, with three different proteins, in three different laboratories yield a consistent value for the protein-water-ice contact angle (88.0 ± 1.3°) when analyzed using the Gibbs-Thomson equation. The measurements reinforce the validity of each other, and the fact that similar values are obtained across diverse length scales, experiments, and proteins yields insight into protein-water interactions and the applicability of thermodynamics at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens O.
M. Karlsson
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering & Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 1H9
- E-mail: . Phone: 1-780-492-7963
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23
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Eickhoff L, Dreischmeier K, Zipori A, Sirotinskaya V, Adar C, Reicher N, Braslavsky I, Rudich Y, Koop T. Contrasting Behavior of Antifreeze Proteins: Ice Growth Inhibitors and Ice Nucleation Promoters. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:966-972. [PMID: 30742446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several types of natural molecules interact specifically with ice crystals. Small antifreeze proteins (AFPs) adsorb to particular facets of ice crystals, thus inhibiting their growth, whereas larger ice-nucleating proteins (INPs) can trigger the formation of new ice crystals at temperatures much higher than the homogeneous ice nucleation temperature of pure water. It has been proposed that both types of proteins interact similarly with ice and that, in principle, they may be able to exhibit both functions. Here we investigated two naturally occurring antifreeze proteins, one from fish, type-III AFP, and one from beetles, TmAFP. We show that in addition to ice growth inhibition, both can also trigger ice nucleation above the homogeneous freezing temperature, providing unambiguous experimental proof for their contrasting behavior. Our analysis suggests that the predominant difference between AFPs and INPs is their molecular size, which is a very good predictor of their ice nucleation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Eickhoff
- Bielefeld University , Faculty of Chemistry , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | | | - Assaf Zipori
- The Weizmann Institute of Science , Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Vera Sirotinskaya
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Chen Adar
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Naama Reicher
- The Weizmann Institute of Science , Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- The Weizmann Institute of Science , Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Thomas Koop
- Bielefeld University , Faculty of Chemistry , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany
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24
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Charnawskas JC, Alpert PA, Lambe AT, Berkemeier T, O'Brien RE, Massoli P, Onasch TB, Shiraiwa M, Moffet RC, Gilles MK, Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Knopf DA. Condensed-phase biogenic-anthropogenic interactions with implications for cold cloud formation. Faraday Discuss 2018; 200:165-194. [PMID: 28574555 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic and biogenic gas emissions contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). When present, soot particles from fossil fuel combustion can acquire a coating of SOA. We investigate SOA-soot biogenic-anthropogenic interactions and their impact on ice nucleation in relation to the particles' organic phase state. SOA particles were generated from the OH oxidation of naphthalene, α-pinene, longifolene, or isoprene, with or without the presence of sulfate or soot particles. Corresponding particle glass transition (Tg) and full deliquescence relative humidity (FDRH) were estimated using a numerical diffusion model. Longifolene SOA particles are solid-like and all biogenic SOA sulfate mixtures exhibit a core-shell configuration (i.e. a sulfate-rich core coated with SOA). Biogenic SOA with or without sulfate formed ice at conditions expected for homogeneous ice nucleation, in agreement with respective Tg and FDRH. α-pinene SOA coated soot particles nucleated ice above the homogeneous freezing temperature with soot acting as ice nuclei (IN). At lower temperatures the α-pinene SOA coating can be semisolid, inducing ice nucleation. Naphthalene SOA coated soot particles acted as ice nuclei above and below the homogeneous freezing limit, which can be explained by the presence of a highly viscous SOA phase. Our results suggest that biogenic SOA does not play a significant role in mixed-phase cloud formation and the presence of sulfate renders this even less likely. However, anthropogenic SOA may have an enhancing effect on cloud glaciation under mixed-phase and cirrus cloud conditions compared to biogenic SOA that dominate during pre-industrial times or in pristine areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Charnawskas
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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25
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Whale TF, Holden MA, Wilson TW, O'Sullivan D, Murray BJ. The enhancement and suppression of immersion mode heterogeneous ice-nucleation by solutes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4142-4151. [PMID: 29780544 PMCID: PMC5941198 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nucleation of ice from aqueous solutions is an important yet poorly understood process in multiple fields, not least the atmospheric sciences where it impacts the formation and properties of clouds. In the atmosphere ice-nucleating particles are usually, if not always, mixed with soluble material. However, the impact of this soluble material on ice nucleation is poorly understood. In the atmospheric community the current paradigm for freezing under mixed phase cloud conditions is that dilute solutions will not influence heterogeneous freezing. By testing combinations of nucleators and solute molecules we have demonstrated that 0.015 M solutions (predicted melting point depression <0.1 °C) of several ammonium salts can cause suspended particles of feldspars and quartz to nucleate ice up to around 3 °C warmer than they do in pure water. In contrast, dilute solutions of certain alkali metal halides can dramatically depress freezing points for the same nucleators. At 0.015 M, solutes can enhance or deactivate the ice-nucleating ability of a microcline feldspar across a range of more than 10 °C, which corresponds to a change in active site density of more than a factor of 105. This concentration was chosen for a survey across multiple solutes-nucleant combinations since it had a minimal colligative impact on freezing and is relevant for activating cloud droplets. Other nucleators, for instance a silica gel, are unaffected by these 'solute effects', to within experimental uncertainty. This split in response to the presence of solutes indicates that different mechanisms of ice nucleation occur on the different nucleators or that surface modification of relevance to ice nucleation proceeds in different ways for different nucleators. These solute effects on immersion mode ice nucleation may be of importance in the atmosphere as sea salt and ammonium sulphate are common cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) for cloud droplets and are internally mixed with ice-nucleating particles in mixed-phase clouds. In addition, we propose a pathway dependence where activation of CCN at low temperatures might lead to enhanced ice formation relative to pathways where CCN activation occurs at higher temperatures prior to cooling to nucleation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Whale
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS29JT , UK
| | - Theodore W Wilson
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Daniel O'Sullivan
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Benjamin J Murray
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
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26
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Stelmach KB, Neveu M, Vick-Majors TJ, Mickol RL, Chou L, Webster KD, Tilley M, Zacchei F, Escudero C, Flores Martinez CL, Labrado A, Fernández EJG. Secondary Electrons as an Energy Source for Life. ASTROBIOLOGY 2018; 18:73-85. [PMID: 29314901 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Life on Earth is found in a wide range of environments as long as the basic requirements of a liquid solvent, a nutrient source, and free energy are met. Previous hypotheses have speculated how extraterrestrial microbial life may function, among them that particle radiation might power living cells indirectly through radiolytic products. On Earth, so-called electrophilic organisms can harness electron flow from an extracellular cathode to build biomolecules. Here, we describe two hypothetical mechanisms, termed "direct electrophy" and "indirect electrophy" or "fluorosynthesis," by which organisms could harness extracellular free electrons to synthesize organic matter, thus expanding the ensemble of potential habitats in which extraterrestrial organisms might be found in the Solar System and beyond. The first mechanism involves the direct flow of secondary electrons from particle radiation to a microbial cell to power the organism. The second involves the indirect utilization of impinging secondary electrons and a fluorescing molecule, either biotic or abiotic in origin, to drive photosynthesis. Both mechanisms involve the attenuation of an incoming particle's energy to create low-energy secondary electrons. The validity of the hypotheses is assessed through simple calculations showing the biomass density attainable from the energy supplied. Also discussed are potential survival strategies that could be used by organisms living in possible habitats with a plentiful supply of secondary electrons, such as near the surface of an icy moon. While we acknowledge that the only definitive test for the hypothesis is to collect specimens, we also describe experiments or terrestrial observations that could support or nullify the hypotheses. Key Words: Radiation-Electrophiles-Subsurface life. Astrobiology 18, 73-85.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil B Stelmach
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University , Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Marc Neveu
- 2 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Trista J Vick-Majors
- 3 Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana, USA
- 4 Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal , Montréal, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Mickol
- 5 Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Luoth Chou
- 6 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin D Webster
- 7 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona, USA
- 8 School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Matt Tilley
- 9 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Federica Zacchei
- 10 Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Amanda Labrado
- 13 Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Lintunen A, Mayr S, Salmon Y, Cochard H, Hölttä T. Drivers of apoplastic freezing in gymnosperm and angiosperm branches. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:333-343. [PMID: 29321875 PMCID: PMC5756836 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not well understood what determines the degree of supercooling of apoplastic sap in trees, although it determines the number and duration of annual freeze-thaw cycles in a given environment. We studied the linkage between apoplastic ice nucleation temperature, tree water status, and conduit size. We used branches of 10 gymnosperms and 16 angiosperms collected from an arboretum in Helsinki (Finland) in winter and spring. Branches with lower relative water content froze at lower temperatures, and branch water content was lower in winter than in spring. A bench drying experiment with Picea abies confirmed that decreasing branch water potential decreases apoplastic ice nucleation temperature. The studied angiosperms froze on average 2.0 and 1.8°C closer to zero Celsius than the studied gymnosperms during winter and spring, respectively. This was caused by higher relative water content in angiosperms; when branches were saturated with water, apoplastic ice nucleation temperature of gymnosperms increased to slightly higher temperature than that of angiosperms. Apoplastic ice nucleation temperature in sampled branches was positively correlated with xylem conduit diameter as shown before, but saturating the branches removed the correlation. Decrease in ice nucleation temperature decreased the duration of freezing, which could have an effect on winter embolism formation via the time available for gas escape during ice propagation. The apoplastic ice nucleation temperature varied not only between branches but also within a branch between consecutive freeze-thaw cycles demonstrating the stochastic nature of ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lintunen
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Institute of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Yann Salmon
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hervé Cochard
- University of Clermont‐AuvergneClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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28
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Teixeira M, Buff S, Desnos H, Loiseau C, Bruyère P, Joly T, Commin L. Ice nucleating agents allow embryo freezing without manual seeding. Theriogenology 2017; 104:173-178. [PMID: 28863350 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryo slow freezing protocols include a nucleation induction step called manual seeding. This step is time consuming, manipulator dependent and hard to standardize. It requires access to samples, which is not always possible within the configuration of systems, such as differential scanning calorimeters or cryomicroscopes. Ice nucleation can be induced by other methods, e.g., by the use of ice nucleating agents. Snomax is a commercial preparation of inactivated proteins extracted from Pseudomonas syringae. The aim of our study was to investigate if Snomax can be an alternative to manual seeding in the slow freezing of mouse embryos. The influence of Snomax on the pH and osmolality of the freezing medium was evaluated. In vitro development (blastocyst formation and hatching rates) of fresh embryos exposed to Snomax and embryo cryopreserved with and without Snomax was assessed. The mitochondrial activity of frozen-thawed blastocysts was assessed by JC-1 fluorescent staining. Snomax didn't alter the physicochemical properties of the freezing medium, and did not affect embryo development of fresh embryos. After cryopreservation, the substitution of manual seeding by the ice nucleating agent (INA) Snomax did not affect embryo development or embryo mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, Snomax seems to be an effective ice nucleating agent for the slow freezing of mouse embryos. Snomax can also be a valuable alternative to manual seeding in research protocols in which manual seeding cannot be performed (i.e., differential scanning calorimetry and cryomicroscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Buff
- Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Hugo Desnos
- Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Press Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Joly
- Univ Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Univ Lyon, ISARA-Lyon, Lyon, France
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29
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Voets IK. From ice-binding proteins to bio-inspired antifreeze materials. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4808-4823. [PMID: 28657626 PMCID: PMC5708349 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBP) facilitate survival under extreme conditions in diverse life forms. IBPs in polar fishes block further growth of internalized environmental ice and inhibit ice recrystallization of accumulated internal crystals. Algae use IBPs to structure ice, while ice adhesion is critical for the Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas primoryensis. Successful translation of this natural cryoprotective ability into man-made materials holds great promise but is still in its infancy. This review covers recent advances in the field of ice-binding proteins and their synthetic analogues, highlighting fundamental insights into IBP functioning as a foundation for the knowledge-based development of cheap, bio-inspired mimics through scalable production routes. Recent advances in the utilisation of IBPs and their analogues to e.g. improve cryopreservation, ice-templating strategies, gas hydrate inhibition and other technologies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MD Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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30
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Dreischmeier K, Budke C, Wiehemeier L, Kottke T, Koop T. Boreal pollen contain ice-nucleating as well as ice-binding 'antifreeze' polysaccharides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41890. [PMID: 28157236 PMCID: PMC5291224 DOI: 10.1038/srep41890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice nucleation and growth is an important and widespread environmental process. Accordingly, nature has developed means to either promote or inhibit ice crystal formation, for example ice-nucleating proteins in bacteria or ice-binding antifreeze proteins in polar fish. Recently, it was found that birch pollen release ice-nucleating macromolecules when suspended in water. Here we show that birch pollen washing water exhibits also ice-binding properties such as ice shaping and ice recrystallization inhibition, similar to antifreeze proteins. We present spectroscopic evidence that both the ice-nucleating as well as the ice-binding molecules are polysaccharides bearing carboxylate groups. The spectra suggest that both polysaccharides consist of very similar chemical moieties, but centrifugal filtration indicates differences in molecular size: ice nucleation occurs only in the supernatant of a 100 kDa filter, while ice shaping is strongly enhanced in the filtrate. This finding may suggest that the larger ice-nucleating polysaccharides consist of clusters of the smaller ice-binding polysaccharides, or that the latter are fragments of the ice-nucleating polysaccharides. Finally, similar polysaccharides released from pine and alder pollen also display both ice-nucleating as well as ice-binding ability, suggesting a common mechanism of interaction with ice among several boreal pollen with implications for atmospheric processes and antifreeze protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dreischmeier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carsten Budke
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lars Wiehemeier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Bielefeld University, Center for Molecular Materials, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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31
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Prasad S, Chakravarty C. Tuning the tetrahedrality of the hydrogen-bonded network of water: Comparison of the effects of pressure and added salts. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:234509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Zakharov B, Fisyuk A, Fitch A, Watier Y, Kostyuchenko A, Varshney D, Sztucki M, Boldyreva E, Shalaev E. Ice Recrystallization in a Solution of a Cryoprotector and Its Inhibition by a Protein: Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Study. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2129-38. [PMID: 27287516 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ice formation and recrystallization is a key phenomenon in freezing and freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. In this investigation, high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction is used to quantify the extent of disorder of ice crystals in binary aqueous solutions of a cryoprotectant (sorbitol) and a protein, bovine serum albumin. Ice crystals in more dilute (10 wt%) solutions have lower level of microstrain and larger crystal domain size than these in more concentrated (40 wt%) solutions. Warming the sorbitol-water mixtures from 100 to 228 K resulted in partial ice melting, with simultaneous reduction in the microstrain and increase in crystallite size, that is, recrystallization. In contrast to sorbitol solutions, ice crystals in the BSA solutions preserved both the microstrain and smaller crystallite size on partial melting, demonstrating that BSA inhibits ice recrystallization. The results are consistent with BSA partitioning into quasi-liquid layer on ice crystals but not with a direct protein-ice interaction and protein sorption on ice surface. The study shows for the first time that a common (i.e., not-antifreeze) protein can have a major impact on ice recrystallization and also presents synchrotron X-ray diffraction as a unique tool for quantification of crystallinity and disorder in frozen aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Zakharov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, ul. Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Fisyuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University, Mira Avenue 55A, Omsk 644077, Russian Federation; Laboratory of New Organic Materials, Omsk State Technical University, Mira Avenue 11, Omsk 644050, Russian Federation
| | - Andy Fitch
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 av des Martyrs, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Yves Watier
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 av des Martyrs, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Anastasia Kostyuchenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University, Mira Avenue 55A, Omsk 644077, Russian Federation; Laboratory of New Organic Materials, Omsk State Technical University, Mira Avenue 11, Omsk 644050, Russian Federation
| | - Dushyant Varshney
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Holly Springs, North Carolina 27540
| | - Michael Sztucki
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 av des Martyrs, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Elena Boldyreva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, ul. Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenyi Shalaev
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612.
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33
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Pandey R, Usui K, Livingstone RA, Fischer SA, Pfaendtner J, Backus EHG, Nagata Y, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Schmüser L, Mauri S, Scheel JF, Knopf DA, Pöschl U, Bonn M, Weidner T. Ice-nucleating bacteria control the order and dynamics of interfacial water. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501630. [PMID: 27152346 PMCID: PMC4846457 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ice-nucleating organisms play important roles in the environment. With their ability to induce ice formation at temperatures just below the ice melting point, bacteria such as Pseudomonas syringae attack plants through frost damage using specialized ice-nucleating proteins. Besides the impact on agriculture and microbial ecology, airborne P. syringae can affect atmospheric glaciation processes, with consequences for cloud evolution, precipitation, and climate. Biogenic ice nucleation is also relevant for artificial snow production and for biomimetic materials for controlled interfacial freezing. We use interface-specific sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to show that hydrogen bonding at the water-bacteria contact imposes structural ordering on the adjacent water network. Experimental SFG data and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that ice-active sites within P. syringae feature unique hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterns to enhance ice nucleation. The freezing transition is further facilitated by the highly effective removal of latent heat from the nucleation site, as apparent from time-resolved SFG spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pandey
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kota Usui
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ruth A. Livingstone
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sean A. Fischer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ellen H. G. Backus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
| | - Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lars Schmüser
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergio Mauri
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan F. Scheel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel A. Knopf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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34
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Shishova NV, Fesenko EE. The prospects of the application of gases and gas hydrates in cryopreservation. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350915050218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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35
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Wilson TW, Ladino LA, Alpert PA, Breckels MN, Brooks IM, Browse J, Burrows SM, Carslaw KS, Huffman JA, Judd C, Kilthau WP, Mason RH, McFiggans G, Miller LA, Nájera JJ, Polishchuk E, Rae S, Schiller CL, Si M, Temprado JV, Whale TF, Wong JPS, Wurl O, Yakobi-Hancock JD, Abbatt JPD, Aller JY, Bertram AK, Knopf DA, Murray BJ. A marine biogenic source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles. Nature 2015; 525:234-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Pearson CS, Beyer KD. Solid/liquid phase diagram of the ammonium sulfate/succinic acid/water system. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4317-28. [PMID: 25431860 DOI: 10.1021/jp506902q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the low-temperature phase diagram and water activities of the ammonium sulfate/succinic acid/water system using differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy of thin films. Using the results from our experiments, we have mapped the solid/liquid ternary phase diagram, determined the water activities based on the freezing point depression, and determined the ice/succinic acid phase boundary as well as the ternary eutectic composition and temperature. We also compared our results to the predictions of the extended AIM aerosol thermodynamics model (E-AIM) and found good agreement for the ice melting points in the ice primary phase field of this system; however, differences were found with respect to succinic acid solubility temperatures. We also compared the results of this study with those of previous studies that we have published on ammonium sulfate/dicarboxylic acid/water systems.
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37
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Cabriolu R, Li T. Ice nucleation on carbon surface supports the classical theory for heterogeneous nucleation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:052402. [PMID: 26066178 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.052402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of heterogeneous nucleation in nature was explained qualitatively by the classical theory for heterogeneous nucleation established over more than 60 years ago, but the quantitative validity and the key conclusions of the theory have remained unconfirmed. Employing the forward flux sampling method and the coarse-grained water model (mW), we explicitly computed the heterogeneous ice nucleation rates in the supercooled water on a graphitic surface at various temperatures. The independently calculated ice nucleation rates were found to fit well according to the classical theory for heterogeneous nucleation. The fitting procedure further yields the estimate of the potency factor, which measures the ratio of the heterogeneous nucleation barrier to the homogeneous nucleation barrier. Remarkably, the estimated potency factor agrees quantitatively with the volumetric ratio of the critical nuclei between the heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation. Our numerical study thus provides a strong support to the quantitative power of the theory and allows understanding ice nucleation behaviors under the most relevant freezing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Cabriolu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Tianshu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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38
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Bullock G, Molinero V. Low-density liquid water is the mother of ice: on the relation between mesostructure, thermodynamics and ice crystallization in solutions. Faraday Discuss 2015; 167:371-88. [PMID: 24640501 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the temperature and extent of ice freezing in aqueous solutions is crucial for areas as diverse as cryobiology and materials design. It has long been recognized that the thermodynamics of liquid water controls the temperature and kinetics of ice crystallization. Parameterizations of the freezing temperatures in terms of the water activity of the solution have been successfully established, but the fundamental origin of the thermodynamic control of the non-equilibrium crystallization of ice has remained elusive. Here we use large-scale molecular simulations to elucidate the relationship between the structure, thermodynamics, and ice crystallization temperatures for solutions of mW water and a strongly hydrophilic solute that mimics LiCI ions. Fast cooling of solutions with up to 20 mol% ions results in the formation of nanosegregated glasses with domains of low-density amorphous ice and an ion-rich vitrified solution. Slow cooling of the mixtures results in nucleation and growth of ice within the domains of four-coordinated liquid water. The temperature of crystallization Tx coincides with the temperature of appearance of nanoscopic domains of four-coordinated liquid water in the mixture, T(L). We use the insight provided by the simulations to derive a thermodynamic expression for the crystallization temperature as a function of the water activity, T(X)(a(W)), analogous to the dependence of the melting temperature, T(m)(a(W)). The simple expression derived in this work provides a good account of the experimental freezing temperatures of water and the well-known steepest dependence of Tx on solute concentration compared to that of T(m).
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39
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Poon GG, Seritan S, Peters B. A design equation for low dosage additives that accelerate nucleation. Faraday Discuss 2015; 179:329-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Additives are used to control nucleation in many natural and industrial environments. However, the mechanisms by which additives inhibit or accelerate solute precipitate nucleation are not well understood. We propose an equation that predicts changes in nucleation barriers based on the adsorption properties and concentrations of trace additives. The equation shows that nucleant efficacy depends on the product of an adsorption equilibrium constant and the reduction in interfacial tension. Moreover, the two factors that determine the potency of additives are related to each other, suggesting that assays of just one property might facilitate additive design. We test the design equation for a Potts lattice gas model with surfactant-like additives in addition to solutes and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey G. Poon
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Stefan Seritan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Baron Peters
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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40
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Wheeler MJ, Mason RH, Steunenberg K, Wagstaff M, Chou C, Bertram AK. Immersion freezing of supermicron mineral dust particles: freezing results, testing different schemes for describing ice nucleation, and ice nucleation active site densities. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:4358-72. [PMID: 25345526 DOI: 10.1021/jp507875q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ice nucleation on mineral dust particles is known to be an important process in the atmosphere. To accurately implement ice nucleation on mineral dust particles in atmospheric simulations, a suitable theory or scheme is desirable to describe laboratory freezing data in atmospheric models. In the following, we investigated ice nucleation by supermicron mineral dust particles [kaolinite and Arizona Test Dust (ATD)] in the immersion mode. The median freezing temperature for ATD was measured to be approximately -30 °C compared with approximately -36 °C for kaolinite. The freezing results were then used to test four different schemes previously used to describe ice nucleation in atmospheric models. In terms of ability to fit the data (quantified by calculating the reduced chi-squared values), the following order was found for ATD (from best to worst): active site, pdf-α, deterministic, single-α. For kaolinite, the following order was found (from best to worst): active site, deterministic, pdf-α, single-α. The variation in the predicted median freezing temperature per decade change in the cooling rate for each of the schemes was also compared with experimental results from other studies. The deterministic model predicts the median freezing temperature to be independent of cooling rate, while experimental results show a weak dependence on cooling rate. The single-α, pdf-α, and active site schemes all agree with the experimental results within roughly a factor of 2. On the basis of our results and previous results where different schemes were tested, the active site scheme is recommended for describing the freezing of ATD and kaolinite particles. We also used our ice nucleation results to determine the ice nucleation active site (INAS) density for the supermicron dust particles tested. Using the data, we show that the INAS densities of supermicron kaolinite and ATD particles studied here are smaller than the INAS densities of submicron kaolinite and ATD particles previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R H Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - K Steunenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - M Wagstaff
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - C Chou
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - A K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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41
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Clausse D, Wardhono E, Lanoiselle JL. Formation and determination of the amount of ice formed in water dispersed in various materials. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Dette HP, Qi M, Schröder DC, Godt A, Koop T. Glass-Forming Properties of 3-Methylbutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Acid and Its Mixtures with Water and Pinonic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7024-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505910w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans P. Dette
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mian Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David C. Schröder
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adelheid Godt
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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43
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Knopf DA, Alpert PA. A water activity based model of heterogeneous ice nucleation kinetics for freezing of water and aqueous solution droplets. Faraday Discuss 2014; 165:513-34. [PMID: 24601020 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immersion freezing of water and aqueous solutions by particles acting as ice nuclei (IN) is a common process of heterogeneous ice nucleation which occurs in many environments, especially in the atmosphere where it results in the glaciation of clouds. Here we experimentally show, using a variety of IN types suspended in various aqueous solutions, that immersion freezing temperatures and kinetics can be described solely by temperature, T, and solution water activity, a(w), which is the ratio of the vapour pressure of the solution and the saturation water vapour pressure under the same conditions and, in equilibrium, equivalent to relative humidity (RH). This allows the freezing point and corresponding heterogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficient, J(het), to be uniquely expressed by T and a(w), a result we term the a(w) based immersion freezing model (ABIFM). This method is independent of the nature of the solute and accounts for several varying parameters, including cooling rate and IN surface area, while providing a holistic description of immersion freezing and allowing prediction of freezing temperatures, J(het), frozen fractions, ice particle production rates and numbers. Our findings are based on experimental freezing data collected for various IN surface areas, A, and cooling rates, r, of droplets variously containing marine biogenic material, two soil humic acids, four mineral dusts, and one organic monolayer acting as IN. For all investigated IN types we demonstrate that droplet freezing temperatures increase as A increases. Similarly, droplet freezing temperatures increase as the cooling rate decreases. The log10(J(het)) values for the various IN types derived exclusively by Tand a(w), provide a complete description of the heterogeneous ice nucleation kinetics. Thus, the ABIFM can be applied over the entire range of T, RH, total particulate surface area, and cloud activation timescales typical of atmospheric conditions. Lastly, we demonstrate that ABIFM can be used to derive frozen fractions of droplets and ice particle production for atmospheric models of cirrus and mixed phase cloud conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Knopf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA.
| | - Peter A Alpert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
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Lupi L, Molinero V. Does Hydrophilicity of Carbon Particles Improve Their Ice Nucleation Ability? J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7330-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4118375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lupi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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45
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Lupi L, Hudait A, Molinero V. Heterogeneous nucleation of ice on carbon surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3156-64. [PMID: 24495074 DOI: 10.1021/ja411507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols can promote the heterogeneous nucleation of ice, impacting the radiative properties of clouds and Earth's climate. The experimental investigation of heterogeneous freezing of water droplets by carbonaceous particles reveals widespread ice freezing temperatures. It is not known which structural and chemical characteristics of soot account for the variability in ice nucleation efficiency. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nucleation of ice from liquid water in contact with graphitic surfaces. We find that atomically flat carbon surfaces promote heterogeneous nucleation of ice, while molecularly rough surfaces with the same hydrophobicity do not. Graphitic surfaces and other surfaces that promote ice nucleation induce layering in the interfacial water, suggesting that the order imposed by the surface on liquid water may play an important role in the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. We investigate a large set of graphitic surfaces of various dimensions and radii of curvature and find that variations in nanostructures alone could account for the spread in the freezing temperatures of ice on soot in experiments. We conclude that a characterization of the nanostructure of soot is needed to predict its ice nucleation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lupi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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46
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Yan JY, Patey GN. Ice nucleation by electric surface fields of varying range and geometry. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:144501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4824139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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47
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Clarke A, Morris GJ, Fonseca F, Murray BJ, Acton E, Price HC. A Low Temperature Limit for Life on Earth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66207. [PMID: 23840425 PMCID: PMC3686811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no generally accepted value for the lower temperature limit for life on Earth. We present empirical evidence that free-living microbial cells cooling in the presence of external ice will undergo freeze-induced desiccation and a glass transition (vitrification) at a temperature between −10°C and −26°C. In contrast to intracellular freezing, vitrification does not result in death and cells may survive very low temperatures once vitrified. The high internal viscosity following vitrification means that diffusion of oxygen and metabolites is slowed to such an extent that cellular metabolism ceases. The temperature range for intracellular vitrification makes this a process of fundamental ecological significance for free-living microbes. It is only where extracellular ice is not present that cells can continue to metabolise below these temperatures, and water droplets in clouds provide an important example of such a habitat. In multicellular organisms the cells are isolated from ice in the environment, and the major factor dictating how they respond to low temperature is the physical state of the extracellular fluid. Where this fluid freezes, then the cells will dehydrate and vitrify in a manner analogous to free-living microbes. Where the extracellular fluid undercools then cells can continue to metabolise, albeit slowly, to temperatures below the vitrification temperature of free-living microbes. Evidence suggests that these cells do also eventually vitrify, but at lower temperatures that may be below −50°C. Since cells must return to a fluid state to resume metabolism and complete their life cycle, and ice is almost universally present in environments at sub-zero temperatures, we propose that the vitrification temperature represents a general lower thermal limit to life on Earth, though its precise value differs between unicellular (typically above −20°C) and multicellular organisms (typically below −20°C). Few multicellular organisms can, however, complete their life cycle at temperatures below ∼−2°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Clarke
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - G. John Morris
- Asymptote Ltd, St John’s Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Fonseca
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Benjamin J. Murray
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Acton
- Asymptote Ltd, St John’s Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah C. Price
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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48
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Beyer KD, Pearson CS, Henningfield DS. Solid/Liquid Phase Diagram of the Ammonium Sulfate/Glutaric Acid/Water System. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3630-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401648y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Beyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, United
States
| | - Christian S. Pearson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, United
States
| | - Drew S. Henningfield
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, United
States
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Lienhard DM, Bones DL, Zuend A, Krieger UK, Reid JP, Peter T. Measurements of Thermodynamic and Optical Properties of Selected Aqueous Organic and Organic–Inorganic Mixtures of Atmospheric Relevance. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9954-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3055872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Lienhard
- Institute
for Atmospheric and
Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich,
Switzerland
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Bones
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California,
United States
| | - Ulrich K. Krieger
- Institute
for Atmospheric and
Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Peter
- Institute
for Atmospheric and
Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich,
Switzerland
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50
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Yan JY, Patey GN. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ice Nucleation by Electric Fields. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7057-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3039187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - G. N. Patey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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