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Li X, Xu C, Chen H, Yi F, Liao J, Han J, Li C, Han W, Han RPS, Chen H. A capillary-based microfluidic chip with the merits of low cost and easy fabrication for the rapid detection of acute myocardial infarction. Talanta 2023; 265:124924. [PMID: 37437393 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing methods currently utilize rapid, portable, inexpensive, and multiplexed on-site detection. Microfluidic chips have become a very promising platform with broad development prospects due to their breakthrough improvement in miniaturization and integration. However, the conventional microfluidic chips still have disadvantages, such as difficulty in fabrication processing, long production time and high cost, which hinder its applications in the fields of POCT and in vitro diagnostics. In this study, a capillary-based microfluidic chip with the characteristics of low cost and easy fabrication was developed for the rapid detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Several short capillaries, which were already conjugated with the capture antibodies respectively, were connected by peristaltic pump tubes and then formed the working capillary. Two working capillaries were encapsulated in the plastic shell and ready for the immunoassay. Multiplex detection of Myoglobin (Myo), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were chosen to demonstrate the feasibility and analytical performance of the microfluidic chip, which requires rapid and accurate detection during diagnosis and therapy for AMI. The capillary-based microfluidic chip required tens of minutes to prepared, and its cost was less than $1. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 ng/mL for Myo, 0.1 ng/mL for cTnI and 0.5 ng/mL for CK-MB respectively. The capillary-based microfluidic chips with easy fabrication and low cost hold promise for the portable and low-cost detection of target biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chenglong Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Fei Yi
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Jiaqi Liao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jianmei Han
- Shenzhen Shaanxi Coal Hi-tech Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Chonghao Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Weihua Han
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611730, China
| | - Ray P S Han
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; Jiujiang Research Institute of Xiamen University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
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2
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Yan J, Fu J, Shi F, Gao X, Qin F, Liu P, Wang Y. Compact Fluorescence Detection System Based on a Monolithic DBR-Integrated III-Nitride LED Chip. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4019-4025. [PMID: 36743062 PMCID: PMC9893445 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Portable applications of fluorescence detection systems have gained much attention in various fields and require system components to be small and compact. In this work, we report on a compact fluorescence detection system and demonstrate its application for fluorescence sensing and imaging. The light source and filter are integrated on a single chip for the proposed system, which not only realizes the separation between excitation and fluorescent lights but also improves the light-emitting diode (LED) light extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the detection system allows for a removable sample unit. The results indicate that the performance of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) filter based on an amorphous dielectric film is excellent with selection ratios larger than 4600:1. The peak emission wavelength of the LED is 528 nm. The influence of green light leakage can be neglected, and the fluorescent red light is dominant when the fluorescence detection system is used for sensing and imaging. The low-cost and monolithic DBR-integrated III-nitride LED chip makes the proposed architecture a competitive candidate for portable fluorescence detection applications.
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3
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Lian C, Young D, Randall RE, Samuel IDW. Organic Light-Emitting Diode Based Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1125. [PMID: 36551092 PMCID: PMC9775261 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunodiagnostics have been widely used in the detection of disease biomarkers. The conventional immunological tests in central laboratories require expensive equipment and, for non-specialists, the tests are technically demanding and time-consuming, which has prevented their use by the public. Thus, point-of-care tests (POCT), such as lateral flow immunoassays, are being, or have been, developed as more convenient and low-cost methods for immunodiagnostics. However, the sensitivity of such tests is often a concern. Here, a fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) using organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as excitation light sources was investigated as a way forward for the development of compact and sensitive POCTs. Phycoerythrin (PE) was selected as the fluorescent dye, and OLEDs were designed with different emission spectra. The leakage light of different OLEDs for exciting PE was then investigated to reduce the background noise and improve the sensitivity of the system. Finally, as proof-of-principle that OLED-based technology can be successfully further developed for POCT, antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human serum was detected by OLED-FLISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lian
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Dan Young
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Richard E. Randall
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
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4
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Fang Y, Wang Y, Su X, Liu H, Chen H, Chen Z, Jin L, He N. A miniaturized and integrated dual-channel fluorescence module for multiplex real-time PCR in the portable nucleic acid detection system. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:996456. [PMID: 36172017 PMCID: PMC9510591 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.996456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A portable nucleic acid detection (PNAD) system based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) has been developed for point-of-care testing (POCT) of infectious disease pathogens. In order to achieve “sample-in, result-out” while keeping the system compact, the hardware system integrates optical, thermal and motion control modules in a limited space for nucleic acid extraction, purification, amplification and detection. Among these hardware modules, the fluorescence module is one of the most important modules, because its performance directly affects the accuracy and sensitivity of the testing results. In this paper, a miniaturized, high-sensitivity and integrated dual-channel fluorescence module have been proposed for the homemade PNAD system. Based on the principle of confocal optical path, two group of excitation-emission optical paths of different wavelengths are integrated in a small space. In terms of circuitry, a current-light dual negative feedback light emitting diode (LED) drive circuit is applied to improve the stability of the excited light source. All optical and electronic components are integrated in a metal box of 55 mm × 45 mm × 15 mm, that helps miniaturize the detection system. Two different modules have been assembled to fit various fluorescent dyes or probes with the set of excitation and emission as follow: module 1#: 470 nm/525 nm, 570 nm/630 nm; module 2#: 520 nm/570 nm, 630 nm/690 nm. Finally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) concentration gradient detection and multiplex detection of different gene targets of SARS-CoV-2 are carried out on the PNAD system equipped with these two fluorescence modules for evaluating their performances. Compared with the commercial real-time PCR instrument, our fluorescence module has good stability and detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Lian Jin
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nongyue He,
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5
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Xie Y, Dai L, Yang Y. Microfluidic technology and its application in the point-of-care testing field. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2022; 10:100109. [PMID: 35075447 PMCID: PMC8769924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), countries around the world have suffered heavy losses of life and property. The global pandemic poses a challenge to the global public health system, and public health organizations around the world are actively looking for ways to quickly and efficiently screen for viruses. Point-of-care testing (POCT), as a fast, portable, and instant detection method, is of great significance in infectious disease detection, disease screening, pre-disease prevention, postoperative treatment, and other fields. Microfluidic technology is a comprehensive technology that involves various interdisciplinary disciplines. It is also known as a lab-on-a-chip (LOC), and can concentrate biological and chemical experiments in traditional laboratories on a chip of several square centimeters with high integration. Therefore, microfluidic devices have become the primary implementation platform of POCT technology. POCT devices based on microfluidic technology combine the advantages of both POCT and microfluids, and are expected to shine in the biomedical field. This review introduces microfluidic technology and its applications in combination with other technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xie
- Sansure Biotech Inc., Changsha, 410205, PR China
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Lizhong Dai
- Sansure Biotech Inc., Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Yijia Yang
- Sansure Biotech Inc., Changsha, 410205, PR China
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6
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Vavrinsky E, Esfahani NE, Hausner M, Kuzma A, Rezo V, Donoval M, Kosnacova H. The Current State of Optical Sensors in Medical Wearables. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:217. [PMID: 35448277 PMCID: PMC9029995 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical sensors play an increasingly important role in the development of medical diagnostic devices. They can be very widely used to measure the physiology of the human body. Optical methods include PPG, radiation, biochemical, and optical fiber sensors. Optical sensors offer excellent metrological properties, immunity to electromagnetic interference, electrical safety, simple miniaturization, the ability to capture volumes of nanometers, and non-invasive examination. In addition, they are cheap and resistant to water and corrosion. The use of optical sensors can bring better methods of continuous diagnostics in the comfort of the home and the development of telemedicine in the 21st century. This article offers a large overview of optical wearable methods and their modern use with an insight into the future years of technology in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Vavrinsky
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Niloofar Ebrahimzadeh Esfahani
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Michal Hausner
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Anton Kuzma
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Vratislav Rezo
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Donoval
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.E.E.); (M.H.); (A.K.); (V.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 81272 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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7
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Waghchoure AP, Reddy JP, Bhosale RS. Fluorescence based miniaturized microfluidic and nanofluidic systems for biomedical applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 186:217-243. [PMID: 35033286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades miniaturized microfluidic and nanofluidic systems with fluorescence setup emerged as a powerful technological platform for diverse biomedical applications. Bio-macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins are the core cellular components, their single molecule analysis allow us to understand biological processes, disease creation and progression, and development of novel treatment policies. Design and development of foolproof treatment methods requires rigorously analysis of nucleic acids and proteins such as length quantifications, sequence profiling, sequence mapping, analysis of conformational changes, analysis and recognition of epigenetic changes, and their interactions with other biomolecules. Miniaturized microfluidic and nanofluidic systems with fluorescence spectroscopy enable worldwide researchers to perform nucleic acids and proteins extractions and single molecule analysis from the trace amount of biological samples. In the present chapter we mostly highlighted over one decade applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic systems for single cell micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) isolation and detection, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mapping, DNA barcoding, identification of epigenetic mark on single DNA molecule, DNA-protein interactions study, protein sensing, protein sequencing, protein binding kinetics and many other applications. We also presented the recently reported microfluidic platform for the preparation of reproducible unisize aggregation induced emission (AIE) active nanomaterials and their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Prakasha Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rajesh S Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
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Sathish S, Shen AQ. Toward the Development of Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Microfluidic Sensors: A Comprehensive Device Blueprint. JACS AU 2021; 1:1815-1833. [PMID: 34841402 PMCID: PMC8611667 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nano/microfluidics have led to the miniaturization of surface-based chemical and biochemical sensors, with applications ranging from environmental monitoring to disease diagnostics. These systems rely on the detection of analytes flowing in a liquid sample, by exploiting their innate nature to react with specific receptors immobilized on the microchannel walls. The efficiency of these systems is defined by the cumulative effect of analyte detection speed, sensitivity, and specificity. In this perspective, we provide a fresh outlook on the use of important parameters obtained from well-characterized analytical models, by connecting the mass transport and reaction limits with the experimentally attainable limits of analyte detection efficiency. Specifically, we breakdown when and how the operational (e.g., flow rates, channel geometries, mode of detection, etc.) and molecular (e.g., receptor affinity and functionality) variables can be tailored to enhance the analyte detection time, analytical specificity, and sensitivity of the system (i.e., limit of detection). Finally, we present a simple yet cohesive blueprint for the development of high-efficiency surface-based microfluidic sensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of chemical and biochemical analytes, pertinent to a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sathish
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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9
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Shen J, Zhang L, Yuan J, Zhu Y, Cheng H, Zeng Y, Wang J, You X, Yang C, Qu X, Chen H. Digital Microfluidic Thermal Control Chip-Based Multichannel Immunosensor for Noninvasively Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15033-15041. [PMID: 34730944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and automated detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at its developing stage is very important due to its high mortality rate. To quantitatively diagnose AMI, Myo, CK-MB, and cTnI are chosen as three biomarkers, which are usually detected through an immunosorbent assay, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, the approach poses many drawbacks, such as long detection time, the cumbersome process, the need for professionals, and the difficulty of realizing automatic operation. Here, a multichannel digital microfluidic (DMF) thermal control chip integrated with a sandwich-based immunoassay strategy is proposed for the automated, rapid, and sensitive detection of AMI biomarkers. A miniaturized temperature control module is integrated on the back of the DMF chip, meeting the temperature requirement for the immunoassay. With this DMF thermal control chip, sample and reagent consumption are reduced to several microliters, significantly alleviating reagent consumption and sample dependence, and the automated and multichannel detection of biomarkers can be achieved. In this work, the simultaneously noninvasive detection of the human serum sample containing the three biomarkers of AMI is also achieved within 30 min, which improves the diagnostic accuracy of AMI. Due to the features of automation and miniaturization, the multichannel immunosensor can be used in community hospitals to increase the speed of diagnosis of patients with various acute diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienan Shen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Junjie Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yibo Zeng
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiaqin Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xueqiu You
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiangmeng Qu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Jiujiang Research Institute of Xiamen University, Jiujiang 332000, China
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10
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Salva ML, Rocca M, Niemeyer CM, Delamarche E. Methods for immobilizing receptors in microfluidic devices: A review. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2021.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Domokos A, Nagy B, Szilágyi B, Marosi G, Nagy ZK. Integrated Continuous Pharmaceutical Technologies—A Review. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- András Domokos
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Szilágyi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Marosi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Suea-Ngam A, Bezinge L, Mateescu B, Howes PD, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Enzyme-Assisted Nucleic Acid Detection for Infectious Disease Diagnostics: Moving toward the Point-of-Care. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2701-2723. [PMID: 32838523 PMCID: PMC7485284 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Driven by complex and interconnected factors, including population growth, climate change, and geopolitics, infectious diseases represent one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Diagnostic technologies are the first line of defense in the fight against infectious disease, providing critical information to inform epidemiological models, track diseases, decide treatment choices, and ultimately prevent epidemics. The diagnosis of infectious disease at the genomic level using nucleic acid disease biomarkers has proven to be the most effective approach to date. Such methods rely heavily on enzymes to specifically amplify or detect nucleic acids in complex samples, and significant effort has been exerted to harness the power of enzymes for in vitro nucleic acid diagnostics. Unfortunately, significant challenges limit the potential of enzyme-assisted nucleic acid diagnostics, particularly when translating diagnostic technologies from the lab toward the point-of-use or point-of-care. Herein, we discuss the current state of the field and highlight cross-disciplinary efforts to solve the challenges associated with the successful deployment of this important class of diagnostics at or near the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akkapol Suea-Ngam
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Mateescu
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute,
Medical Faculty of the University of
Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057
Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip D. Howes
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Daniel A. Richards
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
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13
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Optofluidic Formaldehyde Sensing: Towards On-Chip Integration. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11070673. [PMID: 32664311 PMCID: PMC7407611 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO), a chemical compound used in the fabrication process of a broad range of household products, is present indoors as an airborne pollutant due to its high volatility caused by its low boiling point (T=−19 °C). Miniaturization of analytical systems towards palm-held devices has the potential to provide more efficient and more sensitive tools for real-time monitoring of this hazardous air pollutant. This work presents the initial steps and results of the prototyping process towards on-chip integration of HCHO sensing, based on the Hantzsch reaction coupled to the fluorescence optical sensing methodology. This challenge was divided into two individually addressed problems: (1) efficient airborne HCHO trapping into a microfluidic context and (2) 3,5–diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL) molecular sensing in low interrogation volumes. Part (2) was addressed in this paper by proposing, fabricating, and testing a fluorescence detection system based on an ultra-low light Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. Two three-layer fluidic cell configurations (quartz–SU-8–quartz and silicon–SU-8–quartz) were tested, with both possessing a 3.5 µL interrogation volume. Finally, the CMOS-based fluorescence system proved the capability to detect an initial 10 µg/L formaldehyde concentration fully derivatized into DDL for both the quartz and silicon fluidic cells, but with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the silicon fluidic cell (SNRsilicon=6.1) when compared to the quartz fluidic cell (SNRquartz=4.9). The signal intensity enhancement in the silicon fluidic cell was mainly due to the silicon absorption coefficient at the excitation wavelength, a(λabs=420 nm)=5×104 cm−1, which is approximately five times higher than the absorption coefficient at the fluorescence emission wavelength, a(λem=515 nm)=9.25×103 cm−1.
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14
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Gioiello A, Piccinno A, Lozza AM, Cerra B. The Medicinal Chemistry in the Era of Machines and Automation: Recent Advances in Continuous Flow Technology. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6624-6647. [PMID: 32049517 PMCID: PMC7997576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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Medicinal
chemistry plays a fundamental and underlying role in
chemical biology, pharmacology, and medicine to discover safe and
efficacious drugs. Small molecule medicinal chemistry relies on iterative
learning cycles composed of compound design, synthesis, testing, and
data analysis to provide new chemical probes and lead compounds for
novel and druggable targets. Using traditional approaches, the time
from hypothesis to obtaining the results can be protracted, thus limiting
the number of compounds that can be advanced into clinical studies.
This challenge can be tackled with the recourse of enabling technologies
that are showing great potential in improving the drug discovery process.
In this Perspective, we highlight recent developments toward innovative
medicinal chemistry strategies based on continuous flow systems coupled
with automation and bioassays. After a discussion of the aims and
concepts, we describe equipment and representative examples of automated
flow systems and end-to-end prototypes realized to expedite medicinal
chemistry discovery cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Gioiello
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccinno
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lozza
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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15
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An internet of things-based intensity and time-resolved fluorescence reader for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112074. [PMID: 32056969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A miniature internet of things (IoT)-based point-of-care testing (PoCT) fluorescence reader, able to perform both intensity and time-resolved measurements of different fluorescent tags, is presented. This low cost platform has been conceived for performing tests in low-resource and remote settings, displaying versatile performance and yet simple operation. It consists on an external case of 43 × 30 × 42 mm3 (built in a 3D-printer) where all the elements are fixed, including some basic optics (3 lenses and 2 filters), a laser diode and a custom designed Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) camera. Both, the laser and the camera are controlled by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with IoT capabilities. The PoCT was validated by detecting Plasmodium antigen in a fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a fluorescence substrate. The results were compared to those provided in parallel by two commercial fluorescent plate readers. As it will be shown, the PoCT fluorescent readout was more sensitive than its colorimetric counterpart. Furthermore, the PoCT displayed similar signal trends and levels of detection than the bulkier and more expensive commercial fluorescence plate readers. These results demonstrate that the PoCT platform developed could bring the performance of central laboratory assay techniques closer to the end-user level.
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16
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Kim CB, Park SJ, Jeong JC, Choi SM, Krause HJ, Song DY, Hong H. Construction of 3D-rendering imaging of an ischemic rat brain model using the planar FMMD technique. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19050. [PMID: 31836804 PMCID: PMC6910971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Occlusion of the major cerebral artery usually results in brain hypoxic-ischemic injury, which evokes neuroinflammation and microglial activation. Activated microglia are considered a source of multiple neurotoxic factors, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the central nervous system (CNS). We herein present a 3D-rendering brain imaging technique in an experimental rodent model of cerebral ischemia based on 2D magnetic images of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using the planar frequency mixing magnetic detection (p-FMMD) technique. A rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to demonstrate the irreversibly damaged ischemic brain tissues, and double immunofluorescent labeling of OX6 (activated microglial marker) and ethidium (ROS marker) was conducted to confirm ROS generation in the activated microglia in the infarcted brain region. The ischemic brain sections treated with OX6-conjugated SPIONs were scanned using our p-FMMD system, yielding 2D images on the basis of the nonlinear magnetic characteristics inherent in SPIONs. The p-FMMD signal images representing microglia activation show an infarct ratio of 44.6 ± 7.1% compared to the contralateral counterpart, which is smaller than observed by TTC (60.9 ± 4.9%) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 65.7 ± 2.7%). Furthermore, we developed a 3D-rendering brain imaging process based on the 2D p-FMMD signal images. The 3D reconstructed model showed a decreased ratio of coincidence of the ischemic regions compared with MRI models. In this study, we successfully conducted a feasibility test on whether our p-FMMD technology, a technique for signaling and imaging based on the nonlinearity of SPIONs, can be used to visualize the ischemic brain region in real time by detecting activated microglia in an MCAO/R animal model. Therefore, our method might allow for a different approach to analyze the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke through molecular imaging. Furthermore, we propose that this magnetic particle imaging (MPI) technique that detects the nonlinear magnetization properties of SPIONs could be applied not only to a stroke model but also to various types of pathophysiological studies as a new bioimaging tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Beom Kim
- SW Contents Research Lab., Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chan Jeong
- SW Contents Research Lab., Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Choi
- SW Contents Research Lab., Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans-Joachim Krause
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Dae-Yong Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyobong Hong
- SW Contents Research Lab., Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Costantini F, Lovecchio N, Ruggi A, Manetti C, Nascetti A, Reverberi M, de Cesare G, Caputo D. Fluorescent Label-Free Aptasensor Integrated in a Lab-on-Chip System for the Detection of Ochratoxin A in Beer and Wheat. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5880-5887. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cesare Manetti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Nascetti
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via Salaria 851/881, 00138 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero de Cesare
- Department Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Caputo
- Department Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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18
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Song F, Yang C, Liu H, Gao Z, Zhu J, Bao X, Kan C. Dual-binding pyridine and rhodamine B conjugate derivatives as fluorescent chemosensors for ferric ions in aqueous media and living cells. Analyst 2019; 144:3094-3102. [PMID: 30920566 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two new pyridine-type rhodamine B chemosensors (RBPO and RBPF) used to detect Fe3+ have been designed and synthesized, and the sensing behavior towards various metal ions was evaluated via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Both RBPO and RBPF not only have good spectral responses to Fe3+ in an EtOH/H2O solution (3 : 1, v/v, HEPES, 0.5 mM, pH = 7.33) with low detection limits and high binding constants, but also suffer from less interference from common metal cations. The two chemosensors are further proven to be practical in sensitively monitoring trace Fe3+ in real water specimens. Intracellular imaging applications demonstrated that RBPO and RBPF can be used as two fluorescent chemosensors for the detection of Fe3+ in living human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Song
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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19
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Spectrally filtered passive Si photodiode array for on-chip fluorescence imaging of intracellular calcium dynamics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9083. [PMID: 31235791 PMCID: PMC6591417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
On-chip fluorescence imaging devices are recognized for their miniaturized and implantable nature that can benefit the study of intracellular dynamics at a variety of settings. However, it is challenging to integrate a spectral filter onto such devices (to block the excitation light) that has similar performance to the state-of-the-art emission filters used in fluorescence microscopes. In this work, we report a 100%-yield, spectrally filtered passive Si photodiode array designed for on-chip fluorescence imaging of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. Coated with a spectral filter layer that has a high extinction ratio (>103), our array features high wavelength selectivity (>102), high linearity (R2 > 0.98), and low detection limit (45.1 μW 640/30 nm light). Employing fluorescence microscopy as the reference, we demonstrate that our array can conduct on-chip Ca2+ imaging in C2C12 cells that were chemically triggered to increase their intracellular Ca2+ levels. Importantly, our array-level data qualitatively captured the static fluorescence image of the cells and the intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, both of which are correlated with the microscope-collected data. Our results suggest the possible use of the spectrally filtered array towards a miniaturized on-chip fluorescence imaging device, which may open up new opportunities in tissue-level pharmaceutical screening and fundamental studies on cell networks.
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20
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Fan Y, Dong D, Li Q, Si H, Pei H, Li L, Tang B. Fluorescent analysis of bioactive molecules in single cells based on microfluidic chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1151-1173. [PMID: 29541737 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01333g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis of bioactive molecules is an essential strategy for a better understanding of cell biology, exploring cell heterogeneity, and improvement of the ability to detect early diseases. In single-cell analysis, highly efficient single-cell manipulation techniques and high-sensitive detection schemes are in urgent need. The rapid development of fluorescent analysis techniques combined with microfluidic chips have offered a widely applicable solution. Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on the application of fluorescence methods in components analysis on microchips at a single-cell level. By targeting different types of biological molecules in cells such as nucleic acids, proteins, and active small molecules, we specially introduce and comment on their corresponding fluorescent probes, fluorescence labelling and sensing strategies, and different fluorescence detection instruments used in single-cell analysis on a microfluidic chip. We hope that through this review, readers will have a better understanding of single-cell fluorescence analysis, especially for single-cell component fluorescence analysis based on microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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21
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Obahiagbon U, Smith JT, Zhu M, Katchman BA, Arafa H, Anderson KS, Blain Christen JM. A compact, low-cost, quantitative and multiplexed fluorescence detection platform for point-of-care applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:153-160. [PMID: 29894852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An effective method of combating infectious diseases is the deployment of hand-held devices at the point-of-care (POC) for screening or self-monitoring applications. There is a need for very sensitive, low-cost and quantitative diagnostic devices. In this study, we present a low-cost, multiplexed fluorescence detection platform that has a high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. Our system features inexpensive 3 × 3 mm interference filters with a high stopband rejection, sharp transition edges, and greater than 90% transmission in the passband. In addition to the filters, we improve signal-to-noise ratio by leveraging time for accuracy using a charge-integration-based readout. The fluorescence sensing platform provides a sensitivity to photon flux of ∼1×104photons/mm2sec and has the potential for 2-3 orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over standard colorimetric detection that uses colored latex microspheres. We also detail the design, development, and characterization of our low-cost fluorescence detection platform and demonstrate 100% and 97.96% reduction in crosstalk probability and filter cost, respectively. This is achieved by reducing filter dimensions and ensuring appropriate channel isolation in a 2 × 2 array configuration. Practical considerations with low-cost interference filter system design, analysis, and system performance are also discussed. The performance of our platform is compared to that of a standard laboratory array scanner. We also demonstrate the detection of antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV16) E7 protein, as a potential biomarker for early cervical cancer detection in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwadiae Obahiagbon
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University, Suite 334, Goldwater Center, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Joseph T Smith
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University, Suite 334, Goldwater Center, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Benjamin A Katchman
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Hany Arafa
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University, Suite 334, Goldwater Center, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jennifer M Blain Christen
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University, Suite 334, Goldwater Center, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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22
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An antibacterial microfluidic system with fish gill structure for the detection of Staphylococcus via enzymatic reaction on a chromatic polydiacetylene material caused by lysostaphin. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Basha IHK, Ho ETW, Yousuff CM, Hamid NHB. Towards Multiplex Molecular Diagnosis-A Review of Microfluidic Genomics Technologies. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E266. [PMID: 30400456 PMCID: PMC6190060 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific pathogen diagnosis is essential for correct and timely treatment of infectious diseases, especially virulent strains, in people. Point-of-care pathogen diagnosis can be a tremendous help in managing disease outbreaks as well as in routine healthcare settings. Infectious pathogens can be identified with high specificity using molecular methods. A plethora of microfluidic innovations in recent years have now made it increasingly feasible to develop portable, robust, accurate, and sensitive genomic diagnostic devices for deployment at the point of care. However, improving processing time, multiplexed detection, sensitivity and limit of detection, specificity, and ease of deployment in resource-limited settings are ongoing challenges. This review outlines recent techniques in microfluidic genomic diagnosis and devices with a focus on integrating them into a lab on a chip that will lead towards the development of multiplexed point-of-care devices of high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hussain Kamal Basha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Eric Tatt Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Caffiyar Mohamed Yousuff
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Hisham Bin Hamid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
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Gholizadeh S, Shehata Draz M, Zarghooni M, Sanati-Nezhad A, Ghavami S, Shafiee H, Akbari M. Microfluidic approaches for isolation, detection, and characterization of extracellular vesicles: Current status and future directions. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:588-605. [PMID: 28088752 PMCID: PMC5323331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles present in body fluids that play an essential role in various cellular processes, such as intercellular communication, inflammation, cellular homeostasis, survival, transport, and regeneration. Their isolation and analysis from body fluids have a great clinical potential to provide information on a variety of disease states such as cancer, cardiovascular complications and inflammatory disorders. Despite increasing scientific and clinical interest in this field, there are still no standardized procedures available for the purification, detection, and characterization of EVs. Advances in microfluidics allow for chemical sampling with increasingly high spatial resolution and under precise manipulation down to single molecule level. In this review, our objective is to give a brief overview on the working principle and examples of the isolation and detection methods with the potential to be used for extracellular vesicles. This review will also highlight the integrated on-chip systems for isolation and characterization of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Gholizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Shehata Draz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy& Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Canada; Health Research Policy Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 2C5; Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada; Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
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25
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Dragone R, Grasso G, Muccini M, Toffanin S. Portable Bio/Chemosensoristic Devices: Innovative Systems for Environmental Health and Food Safety Diagnostics. Front Public Health 2017; 5:80. [PMID: 28529937 PMCID: PMC5418341 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review covers the newly developed biosensoristic and chemosensoristic devices described in recent literature for detection of contaminants in both environmental and food real matrices. Current needs in environmental and food surveillance of contaminants require new simplified, sensitive systems, which are portable and allow for rapid and on-site monitoring and diagnostics. Here, we focus on optical and electrochemical bio/chemosensoristic devices as promising tools with interesting analytical features that can be potentially exploited for innovative on-site and real-time applications for diagnostics and monitoring of environmental and food matrices (e.g., agricultural waters and milk). In near future, suitably developed and implemented bio/chemosensoristic devices will be a new and modern technological solution for the identification of new quality and safety marker indexes as well as for a more proper and complete characterization of abovementioned environmental and food matrices. Integrated bio/chemosensoristic devices can also allow an “holistic approach” that may prove to be more suitable for diagnostics of environmental and food real matrices, where the copresence of more bioactive substances is frequent. Therefore, this approach can be focused on the determination of net effect (mixture effect) of bioactive substances present in real matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dragone
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Grasso
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Muccini
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Toffanin
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Bologna, Italy
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26
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Katchman BA, Smith JT, Obahiagbon U, Kesiraju S, Lee YK, O'Brien B, Kaftanoglu K, Blain Christen J, Anderson KS. Application of flat panel OLED display technology for the point-of-care detection of circulating cancer biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29057. [PMID: 27374875 PMCID: PMC4931450 DOI: 10.1038/srep29057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care molecular diagnostics can provide efficient and cost-effective medical care, and they have the potential to fundamentally change our approach to global health. However, most existing approaches are not scalable to include multiple biomarkers. As a solution, we have combined commercial flat panel OLED display technology with protein microarray technology to enable high-density fluorescent, programmable, multiplexed biorecognition in a compact and disposable configuration with clinical-level sensitivity. Our approach leverages advances in commercial display technology to reduce pre-functionalized biosensor substrate costs to pennies per cm2. Here, we demonstrate quantitative detection of IgG antibodies to multiple viral antigens in patient serum samples with detection limits for human IgG in the 10 pg/mL range. We also demonstrate multiplexed detection of antibodies to the HPV16 proteins E2, E6, and E7, which are circulating biomarkers for cervical as well as head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Katchman
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Joseph T Smith
- Flexible Electronics and Display Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA
| | - Uwadiae Obahiagbon
- School of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Sailaja Kesiraju
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Yong-Kyun Lee
- Flexible Electronics and Display Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA
| | - Barry O'Brien
- Flexible Electronics and Display Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA
| | - Korhan Kaftanoglu
- Flexible Electronics and Display Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA
| | | | - Karen S Anderson
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
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Magnetic immunoassay platform based on the planar frequency mixing magnetic technique. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:293-9. [PMID: 27135936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We represent the experimental results of our planar-frequency mixing magnetic detection (p-FMMD) technique to obtain 2D superparamagnetic images for magnetic immunoassay purpose. The imaging of magnetic beads is based on the nonlinear magnetic characteristics inherent in superparamagnetic materials. The p-FMMD records the sum-frequency components originating from both a high and a low frequency magnetic field incident on the magnetically nonlinear nanoparticles. In this study, we apply the p-FMMD technique to 2D scanning imaging of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in a microfluidic platform. Our p-FMMD system enables to acquire planar images of SPIONs filled in a microchannel as narrow as 30µm in width. The minimum detectable amount is ~1.0×10(8) beads of 100nm size. The system shows a spatial resolution enabling to distinguish between two distinct channels even 2mm apart from each other. Our p-FMMD system as a magnetic immunoassaying system has permitted the detection of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), a promising biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, at the minimum concentration of 23.8pg/ml. This may enable the identification of the Aβ42 levels for the early-stage of Alzheimer's disease with the assistance of the MPI using p-FMMD technique. The results show that the deployment of the p-FMMD can be an alternative to conventional biosensing analytical methods, and can be used as a fast and portable screening method.
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Smith JT, Katchman BA, Kullman DE, Obahiagbon U, Lee YK, O'Brien BP, Raupp GB, Anderson KS, Christen JB. Application of Flexible OLED Display Technology to Point-of-Care Medical Diagnostic Testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1109/jdt.2015.2479457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Perro A, Lebourdon G, Henry S, Lecomte S, Servant L, Marre S. Combining microfluidics and FT-IR spectroscopy: towards spatially resolved information on chemical processes. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines the combination of infrared spectroscopy and continuous microfluidic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Perro
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université de Bordeaux—CNRS
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Gwenaelle Lebourdon
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université de Bordeaux—CNRS
- 33405 Talence
- France
| | - Sarah Henry
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets
- Université de Bordeaux —CNRS
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets
- Université de Bordeaux —CNRS
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - Laurent Servant
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université de Bordeaux—CNRS
- 33405 Talence
- France
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Bansal AK, Hou S, Kulyk O, Bowman EM, Samuel IDW. Wearable Organic Optoelectronic Sensors for Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7638-44. [PMID: 25488890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashu K Bansal
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Shuoben Hou
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Olena Kulyk
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Eric M Bowman
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
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31
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Recent advances and future applications of microfluidic live-cell microarrays. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:948-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Fibre coupled micro-light emitting diode array light source with integrated band-pass filter for fluorescence detection in miniaturised analytical systems. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 871:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fluorometric flow-immunoassay for alkylphenol polyethoxylates on a microchip containing a fluorescence detector comprised of an organic light emitting diode and an organic photodiode. Talanta 2015; 134:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu R, Ishimatsu R, Yahiro M, Adachi C, Nakano K, Imato T. Photometric flow injection determination of phosphate on a PDMS microchip using an optical detection system assembled with an organic light emitting diode and an organic photodiode. Talanta 2014; 132:96-105. [PMID: 25476284 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A compact photometric detector was constructed from an organic light emitting diode (OLED) based on a europium complex, europium(diben-zoylmethanato)3(bathophenanthroline) (Eu(DBM)3bath), as the light source and an organic photodiode (OPD) fabricated from a hetero-junction of two layers of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/fullerene (C60) as the photo-detector on a microchip prepared from poly(dimethylsiloxan) (PDMS) and was applied to the determination of phosphate. The OLED and the OPD were fabricated by a vapor deposition method on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate with the following layered structure; Glass (0.7 mm)/ITO (110 nm)/4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl amino]-biphenyl (α-NPD) (30 nm)/4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP): Eu(3+) (8 wt%, 30 nm)/bathocuproine (BCP) (30 nm)/aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3) (25 nm)/magnesium and silver (MgAg) (100 nm)/Ag (10nm) and Glass (0.7 mm)/ITO (110 nm)/CuPc (35 nm)/C60 (50 nm)/BCP (10 nm)/Ag (50 nm), respectively. The OLED based on the europium complex emitted a sharp light at the wavelength of 612 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 8 nm. The performance of the photometric detector assembled was evaluated based on measurements of the absorbance of different concentrations of malachite green (MG) solutions for a batch system with 1cm long path length. The molar absorptive coefficient of the MG solution, calculated from the photocurrent of the OPD, was in good agreement with the value reported in the literature. A microchip with two inlets and one outlet U-shaped channel was prepared by a conventional photolithograph method. The OLED and the OPD were configured so as to face each other through the PDMS microchip in parallel in order to align the light axis of the OLED and the OPD with the flow cell (optical path length of 5mm), which was located at the end of outlet. For the determination of phosphate, an ion-association reaction between MG and a molybdenum-phosphate complex was utilized and a good linear relationship between the concentration and absorbance was observed in the concentration range 0-0.2 ppm, with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.02 ppm. The assembled photometric detector was also applied to the determination of phosphate by the flow injection of river water samples using the reagent solution containing MG and molybdenum ammonium in sulfuric acid. A good recovery (97-99%) for the river water samples, which had been spiked with the standard 0.08 ppm, with an RSD of ca 5% (n=5) was obtained using the constructed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ishimatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yahiro
- Institute of System, Information Technology and Nanotechnology, 2-1-22 Momochihama, Swawara-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Kettlitz SW, Moosmann C, Valouch S, Lemmer U. Sensitivity improvement in fluorescence-based particle detection. Cytometry A 2014; 85:746-55. [PMID: 24938222 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic flow cytometers are highly interesting candidates for biomedical point-of-care applications. However, the sensitivity, reliability, and throughput of these systems must be improved to provide the full functionality of established flow cytometric systems. One proposed method to improve fluorescence detection systems is to use spatial modulation techniques. We derive the noise-related statistics and calculate the coefficient of variation for a detection system with and without spatial modulation. We measure the noise properties of a nonmodulated microfluidic fluorescence particle detection system and analyze the possible performance gains using spatial modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried W Kettlitz
- Light Technology Institute and Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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37
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Integration of Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Organic Photodetectors for Lab-on-a-Chip Bio-Detection Systems. ELECTRONICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics3010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Lin BS, Yang YC, Ho CY, Yang HY, Wang HY. A PDMS-based cylindrical hybrid lens for enhanced fluorescence detection in microfluidic systems. SENSORS 2014; 14:2967-80. [PMID: 24531300 PMCID: PMC3958222 DOI: 10.3390/s140202967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems based on fluorescence detection have been developed and applied for many biological and chemical applications. Because of the tiny amount of sample in the system; the induced fluorescence can be weak. Therefore, most microfluidic systems deploy multiple optical components or sophisticated equipment to enhance the efficiency of fluorescence detection. However, these strategies encounter common issues of complex manufacturing processes and high costs. In this study; a miniature, cylindrical and hybrid lens made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to improve the fluorescence detection in microfluidic systems is proposed. The hybrid lens integrates a laser focusing lens and a fluorescence collecting lens to achieve dual functions and simplify optical setup. Moreover, PDMS has advantages of low-cost and straightforward fabrication compared with conventional optical components. The performance of the proposed lens is first examined with two fluorescent dyes and the results show that the lens provides satisfactory enhancement for fluorescence detection of Rhodamine 6G and Nile Red. The overall increments in collected fluorescence signal and detection sensitivity are more than 220% of those without lens, and the detection limits of Rhodamine 6G and Nile red are lowered to 0.01 μg/mL and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. The hybrid lens is further applied to the detection of Nile red-labeled Chlorella vulgaris cells and it increases both signal intensity and detection sensitivity by more than 520%. The proposed hybrid lens also dramatically reduces the variation in detected signal caused by the deviation in incident angle of excitation light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Shyh Lin
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Yang
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan.
| | - Chong-Yi Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Yu Yang
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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39
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Abstract
Summing up the scientific content of a Faraday discussion meeting in a short paper is an impossible task and therefore, I have tried simply to draw-out a few more-general themes relating to the presentations made and the exciting research field that encompasses them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal D. C. Bradley
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ, UK
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40
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Thom NK, Lewis GG, Yeung K, Phillips ST. Quantitative Fluorescence Assays Using a Self-Powered Paper-Based Microfluidic Device and a Camera-Equipped Cellular Phone. RSC Adv 2014; 4:1334-1340. [PMID: 24490035 PMCID: PMC3904390 DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence assays often require specialized equipment and, therefore, are not easily implemented in resource-limited environments. Herein we describe a point-of-care assay strategy in which fluorescence in the visible region is used as a readout, while a camera-equipped cellular phone is used to capture the fluorescent response and quantify the assay. The fluorescence assay is made possible using a paper-based microfluidic device that contains an internal fluidic battery, a surface-mount LED, a 2-mm section of a clear straw as a cuvette, and an appropriately-designed small molecule reagent that transforms from weakly fluorescent to highly fluorescent when exposed to a specific enzyme biomarker. The resulting visible fluorescence is digitized by photographing the assay region using a camera-equipped cellular phone. The digital images are then quantified using image processing software to provide sensitive as well as quantitative results. In a model 30 min assay, the enzyme β-D-galactosidase was measured quantitatively down to 700 pM levels. This Communication describes the design of these types of assays in paper-based microfluidic devices and characterizes the key parameters that affect the sensitivity and reproducibility of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K. Thom
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Fax: 814 865 5235; Tel: 814 867 2502
| | - Gregory G. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Fax: 814 865 5235; Tel: 814 867 2502
| | - Kimy Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Fax: 814 865 5235; Tel: 814 867 2502
| | - Scott T. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Fax: 814 865 5235; Tel: 814 867 2502
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41
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Lim SW, Abate AR. Ultrahigh-throughput sorting of microfluidic drops with flow cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4563-72. [PMID: 24146020 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The detection and sorting of aqueous drops is central to microfluidic workflows for high-throughput biology applications, including directed evolution, digital PCR, and antibody screening. However, high-throughput detection and sorting of drops require optical systems and microfluidic components that are complex, difficult to build, and often yield inadequate sensitivity and throughput. Here, we demonstrate a general method to harness flow cytometry, with its unmatched speed and sensitivity, for droplet-based microfluidic sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W Lim
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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42
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Lim J, Gruner P, Konrad M, Baret JC. Micro-optical lens array for fluorescence detection in droplet-based microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1472-5. [PMID: 23455606 PMCID: PMC3697795 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the design and integration of droplet-based microfluidic devices with microoptical element arrays for enhanced detection of fluorescent signals. We show that the integration of microlenses and mirror surfaces in these devices results in an 8-fold increase in the fluorescence signal and in improved spatial resolution. Using an array of microlenses, massively parallel detection of droplets containing fluorescent dyes was achieved, leading to detection throughputs of about 2000 droplets per second and per lens, parallelized over 625 measurement points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseok Lim
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization , Am Fassberg 17 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany .
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany
| | - Philipp Gruner
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization , Am Fassberg 17 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany .
| | - Manfred Konrad
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Baret
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization , Am Fassberg 17 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany .
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43
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Charwat V, Purtscher M, Tedde SF, Hayden O, Ertl P. Standardization of microfluidic cell cultures using integrated organic photodiodes and electrode arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:785-97. [PMID: 23254868 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40965h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides the tools to develop novel biosensors with improved performance, including sensitivity and response time that can be readily integrated into diagnostic devices. We have developed a miniaturized cell analysis platform to advance microfluidic cell cultures by combining two complementary, label-free and non-invasive cell analysis methods for the long-term monitoring of dynamic cell behavior. The novel dual-parameter cell-on-a-chip detects light scattering from adherent cells to provide information on cell numbers and intracellular granularity, while simultaneously performing impedance spectroscopy to monitor cell adhesion and cell-cell interaction. In the present work we have integrated spray-coated organic photodiode arrays with a lab-on-a-chip containing embedded interdigitated electrode structures to improve assay reproducibility, reliability and accuracy. We successfully demonstrate that the complementary cell chip technology can accurately detect cell numbers, clarify misleading results during cell-substance interaction assays, as well as the cytotoxicity screening of drug substances. The ability to precisely determine cell numbers within minutes constitutes a major step towards standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Charwat
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip systems have been rapidly emerging to pave the way toward ultra-compact, efficient, mass producible and cost-effective biomedical research and diagnostic tools. Although such microfluidic and microelectromechanical systems have achieved high levels of integration, and are capable of performing various important tasks on the same chip, such as cell culturing, sorting and staining, they still rely on conventional microscopes for their imaging needs. Recently, several alternative on-chip optical imaging techniques have been introduced, which have the potential to substitute conventional microscopes for various lab-on-a-chip applications. Here we present a critical review of these recently emerging on-chip biomedical imaging modalities, including contact shadow imaging, lens-free holographic microscopy, fluorescent on-chip microscopy and lens-free optical tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Göröcs
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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45
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Lab-on-a-Chip, Micro- and Nanoscale Immunoassay Systems, and Microarrays. THE IMMUNOASSAY HANDBOOK 2013. [PMCID: PMC7152144 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-097037-0.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Yamazaki M, Krishnadasan S, deMello AJ, deMello JC. Non-emissive plastic colour filters for fluorescence detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4313-4320. [PMID: 22971690 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40718c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of non-emissive short- and long-pass filters on plastic for high sensitivity fluorescence detection. The filters were prepared by overnight immersion of titania-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in an appropriate dye solution - xylene cyanol for short-pass filtering and fluorescein disodium salt for long-pass filtering - followed by repeated washing to remove excess dye. The interface between the titania and the dye molecule induces efficient quenching of photo-generated excitons in the dye molecule, reducing auto-fluorescence to negligible values and so overcoming the principal weakness of conventional colour filters. Using the filters in conjunction with a 505 nm cyan light-emitting diode and a Si photodiode, dose-response measurements were made for T8661 Transfluosphere beads in the concentration range 1 × 10(9) to 1 × 10(5) beads μL(-1), yielding a limit of detection of 3 × 10(4) beads μL(-1). The LED/short-pass filter/T8661/long-pass filter/Si-photodiode combination reported here offers an attractive solution for sensitive, low cost fluorescence detection that is readily applicable to a wide range of bead-based immunodiagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamazaki
- Dept. Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, UK
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47
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Abel T, Sagmeister M, Lamprecht B, Kraker E, Köstler S, Ungerböck B, Mayr T. Filter-free integrated sensor array based on luminescence and absorbance measurements using ring-shaped organic photodiodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2841-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Lefèvre F, Chalifour A, Yu L, Chodavarapu V, Juneau P, Izquierdo R. Algal fluorescence sensor integrated into a microfluidic chip for water pollutant detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:787-793. [PMID: 22193420 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc20998e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the first miniaturized fluorescent sensor based on algae, with an organic light emitting diode (OLED) and an organic photodetector (OPD) integrated into a microfluidic chip. The blue emission OLED was used as the excitation source, while a blend of PTB3/PC(61)BM was used for the fabrication of the organic photodetector. Excitation and emission color filters based on acid/base dyes and a metal complex were developed and assembled with the organic optoelectronic components in order to complete the fluorescent detection system. The detection system was then integrated in a microfluidic chip made from (poly)dimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The complete sensor is designed to detect algal fluorescence in the microfluidic chamber. Algal chlorophyll fluorescence enables evaluation of the toxicity of pollutants like herbicides and metals-ions from agricultural run-offs. The entirely organic bioassay here presented allowed detection of the toxic effects of the herbicide Diuron on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii green algae that gave 50% inhibition of the algae photochemistry (EC(50)) with a concentration as low as 11 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Lefèvre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Resmiq, NanoQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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49
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Design optimization of liquid-phase flow patterns for microfabricated lung on a chip. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:1255-67. [PMID: 22271245 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Microreactors experience significant deviations from plug flow due to the no-slip boundary condition at the walls of the chamber. The development of stagnation zones leads to widening of the residence time distribution at the outlet of the reactor. A hybrid design optimization process that combines modeling and experiments has been utilized to minimize the width of the residence time distribution in a microreactor. The process was used to optimize the design of a microfluidic system for an in vitro model of the lung alveolus. Circular chambers to accommodate commercial membrane supported cell constructs are a particularly challenging geometry in which to achieve a uniform residence time distribution. Iterative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to optimize the microfluidic structures for two different types of chambers. The residence time distributions of the optimized chambers were significantly narrower than those of non-optimized chambers, indicating that the final chambers better approximate plug flow. Qualitative and quantitative visualization experiments with dye indicators demonstrated that the CFD results accurately predicted the residence time distributions within the bioreactors. The results demonstrate that such a hybrid optimization process can be used to design microreactors that approximate plug flow for in vitro tissue engineered systems. This technique has broad application for optimization of microfluidic body-on-a-chip systems for drug and toxin studies.
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Kettlitz SW, Valouch S, Sittel W, Lemmer U. Flexible planar microfluidic chip employing a light emitting diode and a PIN-photodiode for portable flow cytometers. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:197-203. [PMID: 22086498 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Detection of fluorescence particles is a key method of flow cytometry. We evaluate the performance of a design for a microfluidic fluorescence particle detection device. Due to the planar design with low layer thicknesses, we avoid optical components such as lenses or dichroic mirrors and substitute them with a shadow mask and colored film filters. A commercially available LED is used as the light source and a PIN-photodiode as detector. This design approach reduces component cost and power consumption and enables supplying the device with power from a standard USB port. From evaluation of this design, we obtain a maximum particle detection frequency of up to 600 particles per second at a sensitivity of better than 4.7 × 10(5) MESF (molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome) measured with particles for FITC sensitivity calibration. Lowering the flow rate increases the instrument sensitivity by an order of magnitude enabling the detection of particles with 4.5 × 10(4) MESF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried W Kettlitz
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12 Geb. 30.34, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg 76131, Germany.
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