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Głowniak S, Szczęśniak B, Choma J, Jaroniec M. Recent Developments in Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062639. [PMID: 36985612 PMCID: PMC10051140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasounds are commonly used in medical imaging, solution homogenization, navigation, and ranging, but they are also a great energy source for chemical reactions. Sonochemistry uses ultrasounds and thus realizes one of the basic concepts of green chemistry, i.e., energy savings. Moreover, reduced reaction time, mostly using water as a solvent, and better product yields are among the many factors that make ultrasound-induced reactions greener than those performed under conventional conditions. Sonochemistry has been successfully implemented for the preparation of various materials; this review covers sonochemically synthesized nanoporous materials. For instance, sonochemical-assisted methods afforded ordered mesoporous silicas, spherical mesoporous silicas, periodic mesoporous organosilicas, various metal oxides, biomass-derived activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, diverse metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks. Among these materials, highly porous samples have also been prepared, such as garlic peel-derived activated carbon with an apparent specific surface area of 3887 m2/g and MOF-177 with an SSA of 4898 m2/g. Additionally, many of them have been examined for practical usage in gas adsorption, water treatment, catalysis, and energy storage-related applications, yielding satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Głowniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (S.G.); (B.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Barbara Szczęśniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (S.G.); (B.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jerzy Choma
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (S.G.); (B.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Correspondence:
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Gupta J, Quadros M, Momin M. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: Synthesis and multifaceted functionalization for controlled drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Chen T, Kou Y, Zheng R, Wang H, Liang G. Nanoengineered, magnetically guided drug delivery for tumors: A developmental study. Front Chem 2022; 10:1013994. [PMID: 36267657 PMCID: PMC9576875 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1013994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting against tumors is an ongoing challenge in both medicinal and clinical applications. In recent years, chemotherapy, along with surgery, has significantly improved the situation to prolong life expectancy. Theoretically, and regardless of dosage, we now have drugs that are strong enough to eliminate most tumors. However, due to uncontrollable drug distribution in the body, it is difficult to increase treatment efficiency by simply increasing dosages. For this reason, the need for a drug delivery system that can release “bombs” at the target organ or tissue as precisely as possible has elicited the interest of researchers. In our work, we design and construct a silica-based nanocomposite to meet the above demand. The novel nanocomposite drug carrier can be guided to target tumors or tissue by a magnetic field, since it is constructed with superparamagnetic Fe3O4 as the core. The Fe3O4 core is clad in a mesoporous silica molecular sieve MCM-41 (represented as MS, in this article), since this MS has enormous ordered hexagonal caves providing sufficient space to hold the drug molecules. To modify the magnetically guided carriers so that they become both magnetically guided and light-responsive, benzophenone hydrazone is coupled into the molecular sieve tunnel. When a certain wavelength of light is imposed on the gating molecules, C=N double bonds vibrate and swing, causing the cavity that holds the drug molecules to change size and open the tunnels. Hence, the nanocomposite has the ability to release loaded drugs with light irradiation. The structure, loading abilities, and the size of the nanocomposite are inspected with a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetry analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption, and dynamic light scattering The biocompatibility and in vitro drug molecule controlled release are tested with an SMMC-7721 cell line.
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Kumarage S, Munaweera I, Kottegoda N. Contemporary, Multidisciplinary Roles of Mesoporous Silica Nanohybrids/Nanocomposites. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senuri Kumarage
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila Nugegoda Sri Lanka
| | - Imalka Munaweera
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila Nugegoda Sri Lanka
| | - Nilwala Kottegoda
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila Nugegoda Sri Lanka
- Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMR) Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila Nugegoda Sri Lanka
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Huang R, Shen YW, Guan YY, Jiang YX, Wu Y, Rahman K, Zhang LJ, Liu HJ, Luan X. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: facile surface functionalization and versatile biomedical applications in oncology. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:1-15. [PMID: 32911102 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have received increasing interest due to their tunable particle size, large surface area, stable framework, and easy surface modification. They are increasingly being used in varying applications as delivery vehicles including bio-imaging, drug delivery, biosensors and tissue engineering etc. Precise structure control and the ability to modify surface properties of MSNs are important for their applications. This review summarises the different synthetic methods for the preparation of well-ordered MSNs with tunable pore volume as well as the approaches of drugs loading, especially highlighting the facile surface functionalization for various purposes and versatile biomedical applications in oncology. Finally, the challenges of clinical transformation of MSNs-based nanomedicines are further discussed.
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Narayan R, Nayak UY, Raichur AM, Garg S. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E118. [PMID: 30082647 PMCID: PMC6160987 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies utilizing a variety of carriers have resulted in a path-breaking revolution in the approach towards diagnosis and therapy alike in the current times. Need for materials with high thermal, chemical and mechanical properties have led to the development of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). These ordered porous materials have garnered immense attention as drug carriers owing to their distinctive features over the others. They can be synthesized using a relatively simple process, thus making it cost effective. Moreover, by controlling the parameters during the synthesis; the morphology, pore size and volume and particle size can be transformed accordingly. Over the last few years, a rapid increase in research on MSNs as drug carriers for the treatment of various diseases has been observed indicating its potential benefits in drug delivery. Their widespread application for the loading of small molecules as well as macromolecules such as proteins, siRNA and so forth, has made it a versatile carrier. In the recent times, researchers have sorted to several modifications in the framework of MSNs to explore its potential in drug resistant chemotherapy, antimicrobial therapy. In this review, we have discussed the synthesis of these multitalented nanoparticles and the factors influencing the size and morphology of this wonder carrier. The second part of this review emphasizes on the applications and the advances made in the MSNs to broaden the spectrum of its use especially in the field of biomedicine. We have also touched upon the lacunae in the thorough understanding of its interaction with a biological system which poses a major hurdle in the passage of this carrier to the clinical level. In the final part of this review, we have discussed some of the major patents filed in the field of MSNs for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Narayan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Ashok M Raichur
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Synthesis of well-ordered MCM-41 containing highly-dispersed NiO nanoparticles and efficient catalytic epoxidation of styrene. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wang Z, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Shi J, Stampfl C, Hunger M, Huang J. Identification of Vicinal Silanols and Promotion of Their Formation on MCM-41 via Ultrasonic Assisted One-Step Room-Temperature Synthesis for Beckmann Rearrangement. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Wang
- Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- Department of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yunyao Zhang
- Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Shi
- Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Catherine Stampfl
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Hunger
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Snoussi Y, Bastide S, Abderrabba M, Chehimi MM. Sonochemical synthesis of Fe 3O 4@NH 2-mesoporous silica@Polypyrrole/Pd: A core/double shell nanocomposite for catalytic applications. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:551-561. [PMID: 29137786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in sonochemistry for either the controlled design of nanostructured materials or for the synthesis of polymers and polymer composites. It is fast and highly efficient method that provides materials with exceptional and enhanced structural and chemical properties. Herein, we take advantage of the versatile sonochemical process in order to design core/double layered shell nanocomposite denoted by Fe3O4@NH2-mesoporous silica@ PPy/Pd. This magnetic, multicomponent material was designed in a three-step sono-process: (i) synthesis of magnetic core, (ii) cure of mesoporous silica, and (iii) sonochemical deposition of PPy/Pd. This last step was achieved within 1 h, a much shorter duration compared to conventional routes which usually take several hours to few days. The final nanocomposite can be recovered with a simple magnetic stick. X-ray diffraction patterns highlighted the presence of zerovalent palladium on the surface of the magnetic nanocomposite. The catalytic activity of the solid support was investigated by the study of the p-nitrophenol (p-NP) reduction and the Methyl Orange (MO) degradation in aqueous media. Results showed a very high catalytic efficiency, a high conversion yield of p-NP into 4-aminophenol (more than 94%) and an almost entire degradation of MO (99%) with a fast kinetics fitting to the first order model. This work demonstrates conclusively the benefits of sonochemistry in the design of metal nanoparticle-decorated inorganic/polymer hybrid system with outstanding performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Snoussi
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, Sidi Bou Said Road, B.P. 51 2070, La Marsa, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Stéphane Bastide
- Université Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Applications, IPEST, University of Carthage, Sidi Bou Said Road, B.P. 51 2070, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed M Chehimi
- Université Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
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Sun S, Wang S, Wang P, Wu Q, Fang S. Ultrasound assisted morphological control of mesoporous silica with improved lysozyme adsorption. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 23:21-25. [PMID: 25150609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The morphological control of mesoporous silica without any additives has attracted much attention. Discrete rod-like and string-of-beads like mesoporous SBA-15 can be achieved under ultrasound irradiation without changing the composition of synthesis system. The smaller particles of SBA-15 showed improved lysozyme immobilization capacity and higher adsorption rate over conventional rope-like SBA-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Sun
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Atchudan R, Perumal S, Jebakumar Immanuel Edison TN, Lee YR. Highly graphitic carbon nanosheets synthesized over tailored mesoporous molecular sieves using acetylene by chemical vapor deposition method. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nanosheets (GCNS) were synthesized using mesoporous Ti-MCM-41 molecular sieves as catalytic template and acetylene as carbon precursor following chemical vapor deposition method, under atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- Republic of Korea
| | - Suguna Perumal
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712-749
- Republic of Korea
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Li B, Zhu Y, Jin X. Synthesis of cobalt-containing mesoporous catalysts using the ultrasonic-assisted “pH-adjusting” method: Importance of cobalt species in styrene oxidation. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Ding L, Su B. An electrochemistry assisted approach for fast, low-cost and gram-scale synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13482j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-scale mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared by a facile electrochemistry assisted sol–gel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Ding
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
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Rekha P, Muhammad R, Mohanty P. Sonochemical synthesis of cyclophosphazene bridged mesoporous organosilicas and their application in methyl orange, congo red and Cr(vi) removal. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11622h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphazene-bridged mesoporous organosilicas have been synthesized by a fast sonochemical method which efficiently removed organic dyes and Cr(vi) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Rekha
- Department of Applied Science & Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Saharanpur Campus
- Saharanpur-247001
- India
| | - Raeesh Muhammad
- Department of Applied Science & Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Saharanpur Campus
- Saharanpur-247001
- India
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Department of Applied Science & Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Saharanpur Campus
- Saharanpur-247001
- India
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Deka JR, Vetrivel S, Wu HY, Pan YC, Ting CC, Tsai YL, Kao HM. Rapid sonochemical synthesis of MCM-41 type benzene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:387-394. [PMID: 23835400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with the MCM-41 were synthesized by a rapid sonochemical process via co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl) benzene (BTEB) under basic conditions within a few minutes using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTMABr) as a structure-directing agent. The molar ratio of the silicon precursors and the synthesis time were varied in order to investigate their influence on the structural ordering of the materials. The characteristics of the materials were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-sorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The resultant materials exhibited well-ordered hexagonal mesostructures with surface areas in the range of 602-1237 m(2)/g, pore volumes of 0.37-0.68 cm(3)/g, and pore diameters in the range of 2.5-3.5 nm. Two dimensional (29)Si{(1)H} heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR spectra confirmed the formation of a single mesophase with various Q (from TEOS) and T (from BTEB) silicon species located randomly within the pore walls due to the co-condensation of BTEB and TEOS, which excluded the possibility of formation of island or two separate phases within such a short synthesis time. The prime advantage of the present synthesis route is that it can effectively reduce the total synthesis time from days to a few minutes, much shorter than the conventional benzene-bridged PMOs synthesis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juti Rani Deka
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang Z, Jiang Y, Rachwalik R, Liu Z, Shi J, Hunger M, Huang J. One-Step Room-Temperature Synthesis of [Al]MCM-41 Materials for the Catalytic Conversion of Phenylglyoxal to Ethylmandelate. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wu H, Huang S, Ting C, Deka JR, Kao H. A Facile and Rapid Sonochemical Route to Synthesize Highly Ordered Mesoporous Silicas MCM‐48 and Al‐MCM‐48 with
Ia3d
Cubic Structure Using Gemini Surfactant. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Yiang Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Sec. 2, Cheng‐Kung Rd, Nei‐Hu Dist, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shi‐Zhe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung‐Li, Taiwan 32054, R.O.C
| | - Chun‐Chiang Ting
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung‐Li, Taiwan 32054, R.O.C
| | - Juti Rani Deka
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung‐Li, Taiwan 32054, R.O.C
| | - Hsien‐Ming Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung‐Li, Taiwan 32054, R.O.C
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Internal structure investigation of pyrogenic modified silica by fluorescent labeling. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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