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Saavedra-Avila NA, Pigni NB, Caldwell DR, Chena-Becerra F, Intano J, Ng TW, Chennamadhavuni D, Porcelli SA, Gascón JA, Howell AR. A Humanized Mouse Model Coupled with Computational Analysis Identifies Potent Glycolipid Agonist of Invariant NKT Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:926-937. [PMID: 38477945 PMCID: PMC11075374 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play an important role in many innate and adaptive immune responses, with potential applications in cancer immunotherapy. The glycolipid KRN7000, an α-galactosylceramide, potently activates iNKT cells but has shown limited anticancer effects in human clinical trials conducted so far. In spite of almost three decades of structure-activity relationship studies, no alternative glycolipid has yet emerged as a superior clinical candidate. One reason for the slow progress in this area is that standard mouse models do not accurately reflect the specific ligand recognition by human iNKT cells and their requirements for activation. Here we evaluated a series of KRN7000 analogues using a recently developed humanized mouse model that expresses a human αTCR chain sequence and human CD1d. In this process, a more stimulatory, previously reported but largely overlooked glycolipid was identified, and its activity was probed and rationalized via molecular simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi A. Saavedra-Avila
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA 10461
| | - Natalia B. Pigni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT USA 06269
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC CONICET-UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | | | - Florencia Chena-Becerra
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA 10461
| | - Jose Intano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT USA 06269
| | - Tony W. Ng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA 10461
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA 10461
| | - José A. Gascón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT USA 06269
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT USA 06269
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2
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Weng W, Ren S, Teng C, Guo J, Guo Q, Zhang W, Zong C, Ding N. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and immunological evaluation of sialyl-Thomsen-Friedenreich (sTF) antigen conjugate to CRM197. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 100:117615. [PMID: 38342079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
sTF (sialyl-Thomsen-Friedenreich) is a type of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) and is highly expressed in various human malignancies. To validate if sTF could be a valuable molecular target for future cancer vaccine development, in this work the sTF antigen was prepared by adopting a strategy combining chemical and enzymatic methods, and then was covalently conjugated to a carrier protein, CRM197. The preliminary immunological evaluation, performed on BALB/c mice, revealed that the sTF-CRM197 conjugate elicited high titers of specific IgG antibodies. FACS experiments showed that the antisera induced by sTF-CRM197 conjugate could specifically recognize and bind to sTF-positive cancer cells T-47D. Furthermore, the conjugate mediated effective and specific antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Weng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sumei Ren
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Changcai Teng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chengli Zong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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3
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Morris I, Croes CA, Boes M, Kalkhoven E. Advanced omics techniques shed light on CD1d-mediated lipid antigen presentation to iNKT cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159292. [PMID: 36773690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) can be activated through binding antigenic lipid/CD1d complexes to their TCR. Antigenic lipids are processed, loaded, and displayed in complex with CD1d by lipid antigen presenting cells (LAPCs). The mechanism of lipid antigen presentation via CD1d is highly conserved with recent work showing adipocytes are LAPCs that, besides having a role in lipid storage, can activate iNKT cells and play an important role in systemic metabolic disease. Recent studies shed light on parameters potentially dictating cytokine output and how obesity-associated metabolic disease may affect such parameters. By following a lipid antigen's journey, we identify five key areas which may dictate cytokine skew: co-stimulation, structural properties of the lipid antigen, stability of lipid antigen/CD1d complexes, intracellular and extracellular pH, and intracellular and extracellular lipid environment. Recent publications indicate that the combination of advanced omics-type approaches and machine learning may be a fruitful way to interconnect these 5 areas, with the ultimate goal to provide new insights for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Morris
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cresci-Anne Croes
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of a Molecular Library of Immunomodulatory α-Galactosylceramides with Fluorous-Tag-Assisted Purification and Evaluation of Their Bioactivities in Regard to IL-2 Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113403. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) that stimulate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an emerging class of immunomodulatory agents in development for numerous biological applications. Variations in lipid chain length and/or fatty acids in these glycoceramides selectively trigger specific pro-inflammatory responses. Studies that would link a specific function to a structurally distinct α-GalCer rely heavily on the availability of homogeneous and pure materials. To address this need, we report herein a general route to the diversification of the ceramide portion of α-GalCer glycolipids. Our convergent synthesis commences from common building blocks and relies on the Julia–Kocienski olefination as a key step. A cleavable fluorous tag is introduced at the non-reducing end of the sugar that facilitates quick purification of products by standard fluorous solid-phase extraction. The strategy enabled the rapid generation of a focused library of 61 α-GalCer analogs by efficiently assembling various lipids and fatty acids. Furthermore, when compared against parent α-GalCer in murine cells, many of these glycolipid variants were found to have iNKT cell stimulating activity similar to or greater than KRN7000. ELISA assaying indicated that glycolipids carrying short fatty N-acyl chains (1fc and 1ga), an unsubstituted (1fh and 1fi) or CF3-substituted phenyl ring at the lipid tail, and a flexible, shorter fatty acyl chain with an aromatic ring (1ge, 1gf, and 1gg) strongly affected the activation of iNKT cells by the glycolipid-loaded antigen-presenting molecule, CD1d. This indicates that the method may benefit the design of structural modifications to potent iNKT cell-binding glycolipids.
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5
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Sadraei SI, Yousif G, Taimoory SM, Kosar M, Mehri S, Alolabi R, Igbokwe E, Toma J, Rahim MMA, Trant JF. The total synthesis of glycolipids from S. pneumoniae and a re‐evaluation of their immunological activity. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200361. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Yousif
- University of Windsor Chemistry and Biochemistry CANADA
| | - S. Maryamdokht Taimoory
- University of Windsor Chemistry and Biochemistry 401 Sunset Ave.Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry N9B3P4 Windsor CANADA
| | - Maryam Kosar
- University of Windsor Chemistry and Biochemistry CANADA
| | - Samaneh Mehri
- University of Windsor Chemistry and Biochemistry CANADA
| | | | | | - Jason Toma
- University of Windsor Biomedical Sciences CANADA
| | | | - John F. Trant
- University of Windsor Chemistry and Biochemistry 401 Sunset Ave. N9B 3P4 Windsor CANADA
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6
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Riccio G, Martinez KA, Martín J, Reyes F, D’Ambra I, Lauritano C. Jellyfish as an Alternative Source of Bioactive Antiproliferative Compounds. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060350. [PMID: 35736153 PMCID: PMC9227539 DOI: 10.3390/md20060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish are commonly considered a nuisance for their negative effects on human activities (e.g., fisheries, power plants and tourism) and human health. However, jellyfish provide several benefits to humans and are commonly eaten in eastern countries. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that jellyfish may become a source of high-value molecules. In this study, we tested the effects of the methanolic extracts and enriched fractions, obtained by solid-phase extraction fractionation, from the scyphomedusae Pelagia noctiluca, Rhizostoma pulmo, Cotylorhiza tuberculata and the cubomedusa Caryddea marsupialis on different human cancer cell lines in order to evaluate a potential antiproliferative activity. Our results indicated that fraction C from Caryddea marsupialis-(CM) and C. tuberculata oral arms (CTOA) were the most active to reduce cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. LC/MS based dereplication analyses highlighted that both bioactive fractions contained mainly fatty acids and derivatives, with CM additionally containing small peptides (0.7–0.8 kDa), which might contribute to its higher biological activity. The mechanism of action behind the most active fraction was investigated using PCR arrays. Results showed that the fraction C of CM can reduce the expression of genes involved in apoptosis inhibition in melanoma-treated cells, which makes jellyfish a potential new source of antiproliferative drugs to be exploited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Kevin A. Martinez
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (K.A.M.); (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (K.A.M.); (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (K.A.M.); (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Isabella D’Ambra
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815833221
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7
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Romanò C, Clausen MH. Chemical Biology of αGalCer: a Chemist’s Toolbox for the Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romanò
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Chemisty Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
| | - Mads Hartvig Clausen
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemistry Kemitorvet, Building 201 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
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8
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iNKT cell agonists as vaccine adjuvants to combat infectious diseases. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Burchill L, Williams SJ. From the banal to the bizarre: unravelling immune recognition and response to microbial lipids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:925-940. [PMID: 34989357 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbes produce a rich array of lipidic species that through their location in the cell wall and ability to mingle with host lipids represent a privileged class of immune-active molecules. Lipid-sensing immunity recognizes microbial lipids from pathogens and commensals causing immune responses. Yet microbial lipids are often heterogeneous, in limited supply and in some cases their structures are incompletely defined. Total synthesis can assist in structural determination, overcome supply issues, and provide access to high-purity, homogeneous samples and analogues. This account highlights synthetic approaches to lipidic species from pathogenic and commensal bacteria and fungi that have supported immunological studies involving lipid sensing through the pattern recognition receptor Mincle and cell-mediated immunity through the CD1-T cell axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Burchill
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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10
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Meijlink MA, Chua YC, Chan STS, Anderson RJ, Rosenberg MW, Cozijnsen A, Mollard V, McFadden GI, Draper SL, Holz LE, Hermans IF, Heath WR, Painter GF, Compton BJ. 6″-Modifed α-GalCer-peptide conjugate vaccine candidates protect against liver-stage malaria. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:551-560. [PMID: 35656478 PMCID: PMC9092427 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-adjuvanting vaccines consisting of peptide epitopes conjugated to immune adjuvants are a powerful way of generating antigen-specific immune responses. We previously showed that a Plasmodium-derived peptide conjugated to a rearranged form of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) could stimulate liver-resident memory T (TRM) cells that were effective killers of liver-stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA (Pba)-infected cells. To investigate if similar or even superior TRM responses can be induced by modifying the α-GalCer adjuvant, we created new conjugate vaccine cadidates by attaching an immunogenic Plasmodium-derived peptide antigen to 6″-substituted α-GalCer analogues. Vaccine synthesis involved developing an efficient route to α-galactosylphytosphingosine (α-GalPhs), from which the prototypical iNKT cell agonist, α-GalCer, and its 6″-deoxy-6″-thio and -amino analogues were derived. Attaching a cathepsin B-cleavable linker to the 6″-modified α-GalCer created pro-adjuvants bearing a pendant ketone group available for peptide conjugation. Optimized reaction conditions were developed that allow for the efficient conjugation of peptide antigens to the pro-adjuvants via oxime ligation to create new glycolipid-peptide (GLP) conjugate vaccines. A single dose of the vaccine candidates induced acute NKT and Plasmodium-specific CD8+ T cell responses that generated potent hepatic TRM responses in mice. Our findings demonstrate that attaching antigenic peptides to 6″-modifed α-GalCer generates powerful self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccine candidates that could potentially control hepatotropic infections such as liver-stage malaria. Candidate vaccines comprised of peptide antigen conjugated to 6″-modified α-GalCer analogues generate potent hepatic TRM responses in mice with a single dose inducing protective immunity against malaria in a Plasmodium sporozoite challenge model.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Meijlink
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Yu Cheng Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susanna T. S. Chan
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Regan J. Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Matthew W. Rosenberg
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Anton Cozijnsen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourntie, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Mollard
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourntie, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sarah L. Draper
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Lauren E. Holz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian F. Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- Avalia Immunotherapies Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- Avalia Immunotherapies Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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11
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Thangarasu AK, Sambyal S, Kumar HMS, Lankalapalli RS. Design, synthesis, and preliminary immunopotentiating activity of new analogues of nojirimycin. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108479. [PMID: 34798489 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three new classes of nojirimycin analogues viz. N-alkyl with C1-substituent (4-phenylbutyl), N-substituted 1-deoxynojirimycin and its congener δ-lactam, and a 4-phenylbutyl-β-C-glycoside were designed and synthesized for immunological studies. The resulting diverse compound library exhibited proliferation of B Cells and T cells induced by LPS and Con A, respectively. The majority of the analogues augmented the secretion of IL-12 in dendritic cells and TNF-α secretion in murine peritoneal macrophages compared to LPS (10 μg/ml). A deoxynojirimycin-triazole conjugate of phytosphingosine analogue was superior in the responses mentioned above and exhibited nitric oxide response equal to LPS. In comparison to findings on its congeners with immunosuppressive action, early immunological tests show that the novel nojirimycin analogues have immunopotentiating effect. Hence, nojirimycin analogues offer tremendous potential in tuning the immunomodulatory activity of iminosugars by subtle to substantial structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Thangarasu
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shainy Sambyal
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Halmuthur Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ravi S Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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12
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Efforts toward rational design of Th2-bias immune stimulator through modification on D-Gal-C-4 of α-GalCer derivative. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Xu X, Gao Q, Liu X, Ding N. A practical and scalable synthesis of KRN7000 using glycosyl iodide as the glycosyl donor. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820961018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
KRN7000 is particularly useful because it is a powerful and specific CD1d agonist and has prompted intense interest in the context of immunology in the past 25 years. Its limited commercial availability and high price has led to the publication of many different syntheses. However, almost all of them focused on the methodology development rather than a scalable synthesis. Herein, we have described a practical and scalable procedure for the synthesis of KRN7000 basing on the glycosyl iodide method. This procedure involves total of eight steps to obtain the highly pure product KNR7000 on gram scale from the commercially available starting materials (d-galactose and the phytosphingosine) with only three column chromatographic purifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Gao
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xianglai Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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14
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Ma J, He P, Zhao C, Ren Q, Dong Z, Qiu J, Jing Y, Liu S, Du Y. A Designed α-GalCer Analog Promotes Considerable Th1 Cytokine Response by Activating the CD1d-iNKT Axis and CD11b-Positive Monocytes/Macrophages. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000609. [PMID: 32714765 PMCID: PMC7375225 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selective helper T cell 1 (Th1) priming agonists are a promising area of investigation for immunotherapeutic treatment of various diseases. α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer, KRN7000), a well-studied Th1-polarizer, simultaneously induces helper T cell 2 (Th2)-type responses, which is a major drawback for its clinical applications. Based on surflex-docking computation, α-GalCer-diol, with added hydroxyl groups in the acyl chain, is designed and synthesized. Structural analyses reveal stronger affinity between α-GalCer-diol and cluster of differentiation 1d (CD1d), leading to enhanced antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) and self-activation, as reflected by tight binding of the T-cell receptor (TCR)/KRN7000/CD1d ternary complex and elevated production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Consequently, invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are activated and exhibit an improved Th1-type cytokine profile ex vivo and in vivo. Different from KRN7000, α-GalCer-diol markedly boosts the expansion of the CD11b+ subpopulation and enhances IFN-γ content in CD11b+ cells. These reinforced Th1-type responses collectively endow α-GalCer-diol more robust antitumor activity in a xenograft animal model using B16-F10 melanoma cells. Together, the data demonstrate a new mechanism through which α-GalCer-diol induces stronger Th1-type responses by stimulating CD11b+ leukocyte expansion and DC-conducted CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated iNKT activation. Hence, this study may facilitate the development of novel Th1 priming agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangJiangxi330022China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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15
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Hartrampf N, Seki T, Baumann A, Watson P, Vepřek NA, Hetzler BE, Hoffmann‐Röder A, Tsuji M, Trauner D. Optical Control of Cytokine Production Using Photoswitchable Galactosylceramides. Chemistry 2020; 26:4476-4479. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hartrampf
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Toshiyuki Seki
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterAffiliate of the Rockefeller University 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor New York NY 10016 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Jikei University School of Medicine 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku Tokyo 105 Japan
| | - Andreas Baumann
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Philip Watson
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Nynke A. Vepřek
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Belinda E. Hetzler
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Anja Hoffmann‐Röder
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research CenterAffiliate of the Rockefeller University 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of ChemistryNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
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16
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Brezesinski G, Calow ADJ, Pereira CL, Seeberger PH. Thermodynamic and Structural Behavior of α-Galactosylceramide and C6-Functionalized α-GalCer in 2D Layers at the Air-Liquid Interface. Chembiochem 2020; 21:241-247. [PMID: 31544285 PMCID: PMC7004034 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer; KRN7000) is a ligand for the glycoprotein CD1d that presents lipid antigens to natural killer T cells. Therefore, KRN7000 as well as some modified versions thereof have been widely investigated as part of novel immunotherapies. To examine the impact of structural modification, we investigated KRN7000 and C6-modified KRN7000 at the air-liquid interface using monolayer isotherms, BAM, IRRAS, GIXD, and TRXF. The amino group has no influence on the highly ordered sub-gel structures found at lateral pressures relevant for biological membranes. Neither lateral compression nor the protonation state of the amino group has a measurable effect on the lattice structure, which is defined by strong and rigid intermolecular hydrogen bonds. However, the first-order phase transition found for the C6-functionalized α-GalCer is connected with an extraordinary surface-inhibited nucleation. Our study demonstrates that KRN7000 can be functionalized at C6 without significantly changing the structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBiomolecular Systems DepartmentAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Adam D. J. Calow
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBiomolecular Systems DepartmentAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Claney L. Pereira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBiomolecular Systems DepartmentAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBiomolecular Systems DepartmentAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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17
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Hidaka Y, Kiya N, Yoritate M, Usui K, Hirai G. Synthesis of CH2-linked α-galactosylceramide and its glucose analogues through glycosyl radical-mediated direct C-glycosylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4712-4715. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00785d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-glycosylation of a conformationally constrained and stable C1-sp3 hybridized carbohydrate donor with a carefully designed sphingosine unit afforded the CH2-linked analogue of antitumor-active KRN7000 and its glucose congener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hidaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Noriaki Kiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Makoto Yoritate
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Kazuteru Usui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Go Hirai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
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18
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Sánchez-Fernández EM, García-Moreno MI, Arroba AI, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Padrón JM, García-Hernández R, Gamarro F, Fustero S, Sánchez-Aparicio JE, Masgrau L, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. Synthesis of polyfluoroalkyl sp 2-iminosugar glycolipids and evaluation of their immunomodulatory properties towards anti-tumor, anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory therapies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111604. [PMID: 31425910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory glycolipids, among which α-galactosylceramide (KRN7000) is an iconic example, have shown strong therapeutic potential in a variety of conditions ranging from cancer and infection to autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. A main difficulty for those channels is that they often provoke a cytokine storm comprising both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that antagonize each other and negatively affect the immune response. The synthesis of analogues with narrower cytokine secretion-inducing capabilities is hampered by the intrinsic difficulty at controlling the stereochemical outcome in glycosidation reactions, particularly if targeting the α-anomer, which seriously hampers drug optimization strategies. Here we show that replacing the monosaccharide glycone by a sp2-iminosugar glycomimetic moiety allows accessing N-linked sp2-iminosugar glycolipids (sp2-IGLs) with total α-stereocontrol in a single step with no need of protecting groups or glycosidation promotors. The lipid tail has been then readily tailored by incorporating polyfluoroalkyl segments of varied lengths in view of favouring binding to the lipid binding site of the master p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), thereby polarizing the immune response in a cell-context dependent manner. The compounds have been evaluated for their antiproliferative, anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory activities in different cell assays. The size of the fluorous segment was found to be critical for the biological activity, probably by regulating the aggregation and membrane-crossing properties, whereas the hydroxylation profile (gluco or galacto-like) was less relevant. Biochemical and computational data further support a mechanism of action implying binding to the allosteric lipid binding site of p38 MAPK and subsequent activation of the noncanonical autophosphorylation route. The ensemble of results provide a proof of concept of the potential of sp2-IGLs as immunoregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ma Isabel García-Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Arroba
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Av/ Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain; Research Unit, Jerez University Hospital, Carretera Circunvalación s/n, 11407, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Av/ Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain; Research Unit, Jerez University Hospital, Carretera Circunvalación s/n, 11407, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de la Laguna, PO BOX 456, 38200, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Hernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Laura Masgrau
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Manuel García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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19
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Zhang Y, Springfield R, Chen S, Li X, Feng X, Moshirian R, Yang R, Yuan W. α-GalCer and iNKT Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy: Realizing the Therapeutic Potentials. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1126. [PMID: 31244823 PMCID: PMC6562299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
NKT cells are CD1d-restricted innate-like T cells expressing both T cell receptor and NK cell markers. The major group of NKT cells in both human and mice is the invariant NKT (iNKT) cells and the best-known function of iNKT cells is their potent anti-tumor function in mice. Since its discovery 25 years ago, the prototype ligand of iNKT cells, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) has been used in over 30 anti-tumor clinical trials with mostly suboptimal outcomes. To realize its therapeutic potential, numerous preclinical models have been developed to optimize the scheme and strategies for α-GalCer-based cancer immunotherapies. Nevertheless, since there is no standard protocol for α-GalCer delivery, we reviewed the preclinical studies with a focus on B16 melanoma model in the goal of identifying the best treatment schemes for α-GalCer treatment. We then reviewed the current progress in developing more clinically relevant mouse models for these preclinical studies, most notably the generation of new mouse models with a humanized CD1d/iNKT cell system. With ever-emerging novel iNKT cell ligands, invention of novel α-GalCer delivery strategies and significantly improved preclinical models for optimizing these new strategies, one can be hopeful that the full potential of anti-tumor potential for α-GalCer will be realized in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Springfield
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Siyang Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rosa Moshirian
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rirong Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Hu L, Zhao C, Ma J, Jing Y, Du Y. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of α-galactopyranosylceramide mimics promoting Th2 cytokines production. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1357-1362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Hwang YS, Yim J, Song H, Park SB. Improved Th17 Selectivity of α-Galactosylceramide via Noncovalent Interactions with Diether Moiety. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:720-725. [PMID: 31097989 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a typical antigen for invariant natural killer T cells that are a subset of T cells and play critical roles in regulating immune responses. To selectively induce the secretion of certain cytokines via introducing hydrogen-bonding interaction with polar amino acid residues in the binding pocket of CD1d, a series of α-GalCer analogues with diether moiety in the acyl chain were designed and synthesized. The subsequent in vitro biological evaluation of these analogues revealed the structure-activity relationship for the selective IL-17 secretion. Analogues 5 and 6 induced the significantly increased IL-17 secretion over other cytokines, suggesting protective effects against pathogens. In contrast, analogue 7 showed the highly reduced IL-17 secretion, which may indicate potential anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Soo Hwang
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyeong Yim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heebum Song
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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22
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Compton BJ, Farrand KJ, Tang CW, Osmond TL, Speir M, Authier-Hall A, Wang J, Ferguson PM, Chan STS, Anderson RJ, Cooney TR, Hayman CM, Williams GM, Brimble MA, Brooks CR, Yong LK, Metelitsa LS, Zajonc DM, Godfrey DI, Gasser O, Weinkove R, Painter GF, Hermans IF. Enhancing T cell responses and tumour immunity by vaccination with peptides conjugated to a weak NKT cell agonist. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1225-1237. [PMID: 30656346 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02982b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activated NKT cells can stimulate antigen-presenting cells leading to enhanced peptide antigen-specific immunity. However, administration of potent NKT cell agonists like α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) can be associated with release of high levels of cytokines, and in some situations, hepatotoxicity. Here we show that it is possible to provoke sufficient NKT cell activity to stimulate strong antigen-specific T cell responses without these unwanted effects. This was achieved by chemically conjugating antigenic peptides to α-galactosylphytosphingosine (α-GalPhs), an NKT cell agonist with very weak activity based on structural characterisation and biological assays. Conjugation improved delivery to antigen-presenting cells in vivo, while use of a cathepsin-sensitive linker to release the α-GalPhs and peptide within the same cell promoted strong T cell activation and therapeutic anti-tumour responses in mice. The conjugates activated human NKT cells and enhanced human T cell responses to a viral peptide in vitro. Accordingly, we have demonstrated a means to safely exploit the immunostimulatory properties of NKT cells to enhance T cell activation for virus- and tumour-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Compton
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
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23
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Panza L, Compostella F, Imperio D. A versatile synthesis of αGalCer and its analogues exploiting a cyclic carbonate as phytosphingosine 3,4-diol protecting group. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Janssens J, Bitra A, Wang J, Decruy T, Venken K, van der Eycken J, Elewaut D, Zajonc DM, van Calenbergh S. 4"-O-Alkylated α-Galactosylceramide Analogues as iNKT-Cell Antigens: Synthetic, Biological, and Structural Studies. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:147-168. [PMID: 30556652 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT) are a glycolipid-responsive subset of T-lymphocytes that fulfill a pivotal role in the immune system. The archetypical synthetic glycolipid, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), whose molecular framework is inspired by a group of amphiphilic natural products, remains the most studied antigen for iNKT-cells. Nonetheless, the potential of α-GalCer as an immunostimulating agent is compromised by the fact that this glycolipid elicits simultaneous secretion of Th1- and Th2-cytokines. This has incited medicinal chemistry efforts to identify analogues that are able to perturb the Th1/Th2 balance. In this work, we present the synthesis of an extensive set of 4"-O-alkylated α-GalCer analogues, which were evaluated in vivo for their cytokine induction. We have found that conversion of the 4"-OH group to ether moieties decreases the immunogenic potential in mice relative to α-GalCer. Yet, the benzyl-modified glycolipids are able to produce a distinct pro-inflammatory immune response. The crystal structures suggest an extra hydrophobic interaction between the benzyl moiety and the α2-helix of CD1d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aruna Bitra
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Inflammation Research Center, UGent-VIB Research Building FSVM, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Inflammation Research Center, UGent-VIB Research Building FSVM, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Johan van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Inflammation Research Center, UGent-VIB Research Building FSVM, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Zwijnaarde (Ghent), Belgium
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Chemistry and Biology of Bioactive Glycolipids of Marine Origin. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090294. [PMID: 30135377 PMCID: PMC6163716 DOI: 10.3390/md16090294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids represent a broad class of natural products structurally featured by a glycosidic fragment linked to a lipidic molecule. Despite the large structural variety of these glycoconjugates, they can be classified into three main groups, i.e., glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids, and atypical glycolipids. In the particular case of glycolipids derived from marine sources, an impressive variety in their structural features and biological properties is observed, thus making them prime targets for chemical synthesis. In the present review, we explore the chemistry and biology of this class of compounds.
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26
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Echave H, Bastida I, López R, Palomo C. Bifunctional Brønsted Base Catalyzed Mannich Reaction of β‐Alkoxy α‐Keto Amides: Stereocontrolled Entry to Functionalized Amino Diols. Chemistry 2018; 24:11554-11558. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haizea Echave
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad del País Vasco Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Iñaki Bastida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad del País Vasco Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Rosa López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad del País Vasco Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad del País Vasco Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
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27
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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28
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Ren Y, Sekine-Kondo E, Tateyama M, Kasetthat T, Wongratanacheewin S, Watarai H. New Genetically Manipulated Mice Provide Insights Into the Development and Physiological Functions of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1294. [PMID: 29963043 PMCID: PMC6010523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T cell subset that exhibits characteristics of both innate immune cells and T cells. They express Vα14-Jα18 (Trav11-Traj18) as an invariant chain of the T cell receptor (TCR) and are restricted to the MHC class I-like monomorphic antigen presenting molecule CD1d. iNKT cells are known as immune regulators that bridge the innate and acquired immune systems by rapid and massive production of a wide range of cytokines, which could enable them to participate in immune responses during various disease states. Thus, Traj18-deficient mice, Cd1d-deficient mice, or iNKT cell-overexpressing mice such as iNKT TCRα transgenic mice and iNKT cell cloned mice which contain a Vα14-Jα18 rearrangement in the TCRα locus are useful experimental models for the analysis of iNKT cells in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we describe the pros and cons of the various available genetically manipulated mice and summarize the insights gained from their study, including the possible roles of iNKT cells in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Etsuko Sekine-Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Tateyama
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Thitinan Kasetthat
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Nucleic acids and carbohydrates are essential biomolecules involved in numerous biological and pathological processes. Development of multifunctional building blocks based on nucleosides and sugars is in high demand for the generation of novel oligonucleotide mimics and glycoconjugates for biomedical applications. Recently, aminooxyl-functionalized compounds have attracted increasing research interest because of their easy derivatization through oxime ligation or N-oxyamide formation reactions. Various biological applications have been reported for O-amino carbohydrate- and nucleoside-derived compounds. Here, we report our efforts in the design and synthesis of glyco-, glycosyl, nucleoside- and nucleo-aminooxy acid derivatives from readily available sugars and amino acids, and their use for the generation of N-oxyamide-linked oligosaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, oligonucleosides and nucleopeptides as novel glycoconjugates or oligonucleotide mimics. Delicate and key points in the synthesis will be emphasized.
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30
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Liu Z, Guo J. NKT-cell glycolipid agonist as adjuvant in synthetic vaccine. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Lam PY, Nissen MD, Mattarollo SR. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Immune Regulation of Blood Cancers: Harnessing Their Potential in Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1355. [PMID: 29109728 PMCID: PMC5660073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique innate T lymphocyte population that possess cytolytic properties and profound immunoregulatory activities. iNKT cells play an important role in the immune surveillance of blood cancers. They predominantly recognize glycolipid antigens presented on CD1d, but their activation and cytolytic activities are not confined to CD1d expressing cells. iNKT cell stimulation and subsequent production of immunomodulatory cytokines serve to enhance the overall antitumor immune response. Crucially, the activation of iNKT cells in cancer often precedes the activation and priming of other immune effector cells, such as NK cells and T cells, thereby influencing the generation and outcome of the antitumor immune response. Blood cancers can evade or dampen iNKT cell responses by downregulating expression of recognition receptors or by actively suppressing or diverting iNKT cell functions. This review will discuss literature on iNKT cell activity and associated dysregulation in blood cancers as well as highlight some of the strategies designed to harness and enhance iNKT cell functions against blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yeng Lam
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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32
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Govindarajan M. Amphiphilic glycoconjugates as potential anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1208-1253. [PMID: 29126728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilicity is one of the desirable features in the process of drug development which improves the biological as well as the pharmacokinetics profile of bioactive molecule. Carbohydrate moieties present in anti-cancer natural products and synthetic molecules influence the amphiphilicity and hence their bioactivity. This review focuses on natural and synthetic amphiphilic anti-cancer glycoconjugates. Different classes of molecules with varying degree of amphiphilicity are covered with discussions on their structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugunthan Govindarajan
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
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33
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Yao D, Liu Y, Gao Q, Sui Q, Liu X, Ding N. A comparison of benzyl and 2-naphthylmethyl ethers as permanent hydroxyl protecting groups in the synthesis of α-galactoglycosphingolipids KRN7000 and PBS-57. J Carbohydr Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2017.1375114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yichu Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Gao
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sui
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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34
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Zhang L, Carthy CM, Zhu X. Synthesis of a glucosylated α-S-galactosylceramide as potential immunostimulant. Carbohydr Res 2017; 448:43-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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An Overview of Novel Adjuvants Designed for Improving Vaccine Efficacy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:771-793. [PMID: 28668223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants incorporated in prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccine formulations impact vaccine efficacy by enhancing, modulating, and/or prolonging the immune response. In addition, they reduce antigen concentration and the number of immunizations required for protective efficacy, therefore contributing to making vaccines more cost effective. Our better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune recognition and protection has led research efforts to develop new adjuvants that are currently at various stages of development or clinical evaluation. In this review, we focus mainly on several of these promising adjuvants, and summarize recent work conducted in various laboratories to develop novel lipid-containing adjuvants.
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36
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Janssens J, Decruy T, Venken K, Seki T, Krols S, Van der Eycken J, Tsuji M, Elewaut D, Van Calenbergh S. Efficient Divergent Synthesis of New Immunostimulant 4″-Modified α-Galactosylceramide Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28626526 PMCID: PMC5467197 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
A synthesis strategy
for the swift generation of 4″-modified
α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) analogues is described,
establishing a chemical platform to comprehensively investigate the
structure–activity relationships (SAR) of this understudied
glycolipid part. The strategy relies on a late-stage reductive ring-opening
of a p-methoxybenzylidene (PMP) acetal to regioselectively
liberate the 4″-OH position. The expediency of this methodology
is demonstrated by the synthesis of a small yet diverse set of analogues,
which were tested for their ability to stimulate invariant natural
killer T-cells (iNKT) in vitro and in vivo. The introduction of a p-chlorobenzyl
ether yielded an analogue with promising immunostimulating properties,
paving the way for further SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Toshiyuki Seki
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Simon Krols
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Altiti AS, Ma X, Zhang L, Ban Y, Franck RW, Mootoo DR. Synthesis and biological activities of C-glycosides of KRN 7000 with novel ceramide residues. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:73-77. [PMID: 28365448 PMCID: PMC5499692 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of immunoactive agents for clinical and mechanistic applications is a very active area of research. In this vein, analogues of the potent immunostimulant KRN 7000 with diverse cytokine profiles have attracted considerable attention. These compounds have been shown to activate iNKT cells via presentation by CD1d. Herein, we report on the synthesis and activity for four new C-glycosides of KRN 7000, 11-phenylundecanoyl and 11-p-fluorophenylundecanoyl derivatives of C-KRN 7000, 2,3-bis-epi-C-KRN 7000 and the reverse amide of C-KRN 7000. In mice, compared to C-KRN 7000, 2,3-bis-epi-C-KRN 7000 stimulated higher release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and lower release of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12. The phenyl terminated alkanoyl and reverse amide analogues were inactive. These data suggest that structure activity effects for KRN 7000 are not necessarily additive and their use in the design of new analogues will require an improved understanding of how subtle structural changes impact on cytokine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Altiti
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard W Franck
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David R Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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38
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Liu Y, Xu X, Gao Q, Yan S, Li Y, Ding N. Rapid access to 6″-functionalized α-galactosyl ceramides by using 2-naphthylmethyl ether as the permanent protecting group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1795-1798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Yin XG, Chen XZ, Sun WM, Geng XS, Zhang XK, Wang J, Ji PP, Zhou ZY, Baek DJ, Yang GF, Liu Z, Guo J. IgG Antibody Response Elicited by a Fully Synthetic Two-Component Carbohydrate-Based Cancer Vaccine Candidate with α-Galactosylceramide as Built-in Adjuvant. Org Lett 2017; 19:456-459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Guang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Ji
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhou
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P. R. China
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College
of Pharmacy, Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, 1666 Youngsan-ro, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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40
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Guillaume J, Seki T, Decruy T, Venken K, Elewaut D, Tsuji M, Van Calenbergh S. Synthesis of C6′′-modified α-C-GalCer analogues as mouse and human iNKT cell agonists. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2217-2225. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00081b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-GalCer analogues that combine known Th1 polarizing C6′′-modifications with a C-glycosidic linkage were synthesized and evaluated as iNKT cell antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joren Guillaume
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGent
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Toshiyuki Seki
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center
- Affiliate of The Rockefeller University
- New York
- USA
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center
- Affiliate of The Rockefeller University
- New York
- USA
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- UGent
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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41
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Trant JF, Jain N, Mazzuca DM, McIntosh JT, Fan B, Haeryfar SMM, Lecommandoux S, Gillies ER. Synthesis, self-assembly, and immunological activity of α-galactose-functionalized dendron-lipid amphiphiles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17694-17704. [PMID: 27714067 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoassemblies presenting multivalent displays of biologically active carbohydrates are of significant interest for a wide array of biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery to immunotherapy. In this study, glycodendron-lipid hybrids were developed as a new and tunable class of dendritic amphiphiles. A modular synthesis was used to prepare dendron-lipid hybrids comprising distearylglycerol and 0 through 4th generation polyester dendrons with peripheral protected amines. Following deprotection of the amines, an isothiocyanate derivative of C-linked α-galactose (α-Gal) was conjugated to the dendron peripheries, affording amphiphiles with 1 to 16 α-Gal moieties. Self-assembly in water through a solvent exchange process resulted in vesicles for the 0 through 2nd generation systems and micelles for the 3rd and 4th generation systems. The critical aggregation concentrations decreased with increasing dendron generation, suggesting that the effects of increasing molar mass dominated over the effects of increasing the hydrophilic weight fraction. The binding of the assemblies to Griffonia simplicifolia Lectin I (GSL 1), a protein with specificity for α-Gal was studied by quantifying the binding of fluorescently labeled assemblies to GSL 1-coated beads. It was found that binding was enhanced for amphiphiles containing higher generation dendrons. Despite their substantial structural differences with the natural ligands for the CD1d receptor, the glycodendron-lipid hybrids were capable of stimulating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a class of innate-like T cells that recognize lipid and glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d and that are implicated in a wide range of diseases and conditions including but not limited to infectious diseases, diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5B7.
| | - Namrata Jain
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5B7.
| | - Delfina M Mazzuca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - James T McIntosh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5B7.
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Sebastien Lecommandoux
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux-INP ENSCBP, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organique (LCPO), UMR 5629, 16 avenue Pey Berland, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Canada N6A 5B7. and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada N6A 5B9
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42
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Hung JT, Sawant RC, Wang SH, Huang JR, Huang CL, Yang SA, Shelke GB, Yu J, Yu AL, Luo SY. Structure-Based Design of NH-modified α-Galactosyl Ceramide (KRN7000) Analogues and Their Biological Activities. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
| | - Ratnnadeep C. Sawant
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; Dr. Ambedkar College, Deeksha Bhoomi; Nagpur- 440010, Maharashtra State India
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Huang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Li Huang
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Shih-An Yang
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Ganesh B. Shelke
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou; Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
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43
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Altiti AS, Bachan S, Mootoo DR. The Crotylation Way to Glycosphingolipids: Synthesis of Analogues of KRN7000. Org Lett 2016; 18:4654-7. [PMID: 27560147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of glycosphingolipids that centers on the reaction of O- and C-glycosyl crotylstannanes and relatively simple lipid aldehydes is described. The modularity of this strategy and versatility of the crotylation products make this an attractive approach to diverse, highly substituted libraries. The methodology is applied to analogues of the potent imunostimulatory glycolipid KRN7000, including O-, methylene-, and fluoromethine-linked isosteres with diastereomeric ceramide segments and 2-amido substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Altiti
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Stewart Bachan
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - David R Mootoo
- Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY) , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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44
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Marzabadi CH, Franck RW. Small-Molecule Carbohydrate-Based Immunostimulants. Chemistry 2016; 23:1728-1742. [PMID: 27385422 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss small-molecule, carbohydrate-based immunostimulants that target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and cluster of differentiation 1D (CD1d) receptors. The design and use of these molecules in immunotherapy as well as results from their use in clinical trials are described. How these molecules work and their utilization as vaccine adjuvants are also discussed. Future applications and extensions for the use of these analogues as therapeutic agents will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia H Marzabadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Richard W Franck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Hunter College/CUNY, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
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45
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Chen H, Xing SK, Gao F, Li N, Li XL, Meng M. Design, synthesis and immunomodulating activity of C - pseudo nucleosides containing thiazolidin-4-one and phenyl connected by acetamide bond. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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46
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Jukes J, Gileadi U, Ghadbane H, Yu T, Shepherd D, Cox LR, Besra GS, Cerundolo V. Non-glycosidic compounds can stimulate both human and mouse iNKT cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1224-34. [PMID: 26873393 PMCID: PMC4913735 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize CD1d/glycolipid complexes and upon activation with synthetic agonists display immunostimulatory properties. We have previously described that the non-glycosidic CD1d-binding lipid, threitolceramide (ThrCer) activates murine and human iNKT cells. Here, we show that incorporating the headgroup of ThrCer into a conformationally more restricted 6- or 7-membered ring results in significantly more potent non-glycosidic analogs. In particular, ThrCer 6 was found to promote strong anti-tumor responses and to induce a more prolonged stimulation of iNKT cells than does the canonical α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), achieving an enhanced T-cell response at lower concentrations compared with α-GalCer both in vitro, using human iNKT-cell lines and in vivo, using C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, these studies describe novel non-glycosidic ThrCer-based analogs that have improved potency in iNKT-cell activation compared with that of α-GalCer, and are clinically relevant iNKT-cell agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- John‐Paul Jukes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hemza Ghadbane
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ting‐Fong Yu
- School of Biosciences, University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK
| | - Dawn Shepherd
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Liam R. Cox
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK
| | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Birkholz AM, Kronenberg M. Antigen specificity of invariant natural killer T-cells. Biomed J 2016; 38:470-83. [PMID: 27013447 PMCID: PMC6138764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T-cells, with an invariant T-cell antigen receptor α-chain (iNKT cells), are unique and conserved subset of lymphocytes capable of altering the immune system through their rapid and potent cytokine responses. They are reactive to lipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that is not highly polymorphic. iNKT cell responses frequently involve mixtures of cytokines that work against each other, and therefore attempts are underway to develop synthetic antigens that elicit only strong interferon-gamma (IFNγ) or only strong interleukin-4 responses but not both. Strong IFNγ responses may correlate with tighter binding to CD1d and prolonged stimulation of iNKT cells, and this may be useful for vaccine adjuvants and for stimulating anti-tumor responses. iNKT cells are self-reactive although the structure of the endogenous antigen is controversial. By contrast, bacterial and fungal lipids that engage the T-cell receptor and activate IFNγ from iNKT cells have been identified from both pathogenic and commensal organisms and the responses are in some cases highly protective from pathogens in mice. It is possible that the expanding knowledge of iNKT cell antigens and iNKT cell activation will provide the basis for therapies for patients suffering from infectious and immune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysia M Birkholz
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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Verma YK, Reddy BS, Pawar MS, Bhunia D, Sampath Kumar HM. Design, Synthesis, and Immunological Evaluation of Benzyloxyalkyl-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazolyl α-GalCer Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:172-6. [PMID: 26985293 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of the amide moiety in the structure of α-GalCer with a 1,2,3-triazole linker is known to elicit a response skewed toward Th2 immunity, and glycolipids containing an aromatic ring in the terminus of their acyl or phytosphingosine structural component exhibit an enhanced Th1 immune response. In the current study, synthesis and immunological screening of a focused library of benzyloxyalkyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl α-GalCer analogues are reported. The novel α-GalCer analogues activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells via CD1d mediated presentation, which was confirmed by in vitro tests performed on iNKT hybridomas incubated with CD1d proteins. When tested on isolated murine splenocytes, the T1204B and T1206B compounds stimulated higher levels of both IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokine expression in vitro compared to that of α-GalCer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Bonam Srinivasa Reddy
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR−Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Mithun S. Pawar
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR−Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Debabrata Bhunia
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Halmuthur M. Sampath Kumar
- Vaccine
Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR−Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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49
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Smith DG, Williams SJ. Immune sensing of microbial glycolipids and related conjugates by T cells and the pattern recognition receptors MCL and Mincle. Carbohydr Res 2016; 420:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Design and synthesis of a novel glycosphingolipid derived from polyhydroxy 2-pyrrolidinone and phytoceramide appended by a 1,2,3-triazole linker. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 194:158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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