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Messelmani T, Le Goff A, Soncin F, Gilard F, Souguir Z, Maubon N, Gakière B, Legallais C, Leclerc E, Jellali R. Investigation of the metabolomic crosstalk between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes exposed to paracetamol using organ-on-chip technology. Toxicology 2023; 492:153550. [PMID: 37209942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip technology is a promising in vitro approach recapitulating human physiology for the study of responses to drug exposure. Organ-on-chip cell cultures have paved new grounds for testing and understanding metabolic dose-responses when evaluating pharmaceutical and environmental toxicity. Here, we present a metabolomic investigation of a coculture of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs, SK-HEP-1) with hepatocytes (HepG2/C3a) using advanced organ-on-chip technology. To reproduce the physiology of the sinusoidal barrier, LSECs were separated from hepatocytes by a membrane (culture insert integrated organ-on-chip platform). The tissues were exposed to acetaminophen (APAP), an analgesic drug widely used as a xenobiotic model in liver and HepG2/C3a studies. The differences between the SK-HEP-1, HepG2/C3a monocultures and SK-HEP-1/HepG2/C3a cocultures, treated or not with APAP, were identified from metabolomic profiles using supervised multivariate analysis. The pathway enrichment coupled with metabolite analysis of the corresponding metabolic fingerprints contributed to extracting the specificity of each type of culture and condition. In addition, we analysed the responses to APAP treatment by mapping the signatures with significant modulation of the biological processes of the SK-HEP-1 APAP, HepG2/C3a APAP and SK-HEP-1/HepG2/C3a APAP conditions. Furthermore, our model shows how the presence of the LSECs barrier and APAP first pass can modify the metabolism of HepG2/C3a. Altogether, this study demonstrates the potential of a "metabolomic-on-chip" strategy for pharmaco-metabolomic applications predicting individual response to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Messelmani
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Anne Le Goff
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Soncin
- CNRS/IIS/Centre Oscar Lambret/Lille University SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Hauts-de-France, 43 Avenue le Corbusier, 59800 Lille, France; CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 630 Rue Noetzlin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Zied Souguir
- HCS Pharma, 250 rue Salvador Allende, Biocentre Fleming Bâtiment A, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Nathalie Maubon
- HCS Pharma, 250 rue Salvador Allende, Biocentre Fleming Bâtiment A, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 630 Rue Noetzlin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France; CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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Nolan J, Pearce OMT, Screen HRC, Knight MM, Verbruggen SW. Organ-on-a-Chip and Microfluidic Platforms for Oncology in the UK. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:635. [PMID: 36765593 PMCID: PMC9913518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-chip systems are capable of replicating complex tissue structures and physiological phenomena. The fine control of biochemical and biomechanical cues within these microphysiological systems provides opportunities for cancer researchers to build complex models of the tumour microenvironment. Interest in applying organ chips to investigate mechanisms such as metastatsis and to test therapeutics has grown rapidly, and this review draws together the published research using these microfluidic platforms to study cancer. We focus on both in-house systems and commercial platforms being used in the UK for fundamental discovery science and therapeutics testing. We cover the wide variety of cancers being investigated, ranging from common carcinomas to rare sarcomas, as well as secondary cancers. We also cover the broad sweep of different matrix microenvironments, physiological mechanical stimuli and immunological effects being replicated in these models. We examine microfluidic models specifically, rather than organoids or complex tissue or cell co-cultures, which have been reviewed elsewhere. However, there is increasing interest in incorporating organoids, spheroids and other tissue cultures into microfluidic organ chips and this overlap is included. Our review includes a commentary on cancer organ-chip models being developed and used in the UK, including work conducted by members of the UK Organ-on-a-Chip Technologies Network. We conclude with a reflection on the likely future of this rapidly expanding field of oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Nolan
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Barts Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Oliver M. T. Pearce
- Barts Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Hazel R. C. Screen
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Martin M. Knight
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Stefaan W. Verbruggen
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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3
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Hua J, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Xu H, Ge J, Liu M, Wang Y, Shi Y, Hou L, Jiang H. Adaptation process of engineered cell line FCHO/IL-24 stably secreted rhIL-24 in serum-free suspension culture. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106154. [PMID: 35970490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) displays tumor cell-specific proliferation inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant human IL-24 (rhIL-24) has significantly higher activity, yet significantly lower expression level in mammalian cells than in bacteria. To further realize therapeutic potential of IL-24, we enhanced rhIL-24 expression in mammalian cell systems by adapting engineered Flp-InTMCHO/IL-24 (FCHO/IL-24) cells (adherent cultured in Ham's F12 medium with 10% serum) to serum-free suspension culture. First, MTT assay showed that among four different media (F12, DMEM/F12, 1640 and DMEM), DMEM/F12 medium was the most suitable media for lower-serum adherent culture. Then, cells were adherently cultured in DMEM/F12 with serum concentration reduced from 10% to 0.5% in a gradient manner. Compared to cells in 10% serum, cells in 0.5% serum displayed significantly lower relative cell viability by 40%, increased G0/G1 phase arrest (8.5 ± 2.4%, p < 0.05), decreased supernatant rhIL-24 concentration by 73%, and altered metabolite profiles, such as glucose, lactate and ammonia concentration. Next, the cells were directly adapted to 0.5% serum suspension culture in 125 mL shake flask at 119 rpm with the optimal cell seeding density of 5 × 105 cells/mL (3.3 times higher than that of adherent culture), under which the concentration of rhIL-24 in culture medium was stable at 3.5 ng/mL. Finally, cells adapted to 0.5% serum proliferated better in serum-free medium Eden™-B300S with higher rhIL-24 expression level compared to CDM4CHO. The successful adaptation of engineered cells FCHO/IL-24 laid foundation for adapting cells from adherent culture to suspension serum-free culture to mass produce rhIL-24 protein for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Hua
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yuexian Wei
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Hanli Xu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Jianlin Ge
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Mengzhe Liu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yinan Shi
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lingling Hou
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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Palacio-Castañeda V, Velthuijs N, Le Gac S, Verdurmen WPR. Oxygen control: the often overlooked but essential piece to create better in vitro systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1068-1092. [PMID: 35084420 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Variations in oxygen levels play key roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes, but are often not properly controlled in in vitro models, introducing a significant bias in experimental outcomes. Recent developments in microfluidic technology have introduced a paradigm shift by providing new opportunities to better mimic physiological and pathological conditions, which is achieved by both regulating and monitoring oxygen levels at the micrometre scale in miniaturized devices. In this review, we first introduce the nature and relevance of oxygen-dependent pathways in both physiological and pathological contexts. Subsequently, we discuss strategies to control oxygen in microfluidic devices, distinguishing between engineering approaches that operate at the device level during its fabrication and chemical approaches that involve the active perfusion of fluids oxygenated at a precise level or supplemented with oxygen-producing or oxygen-scavenging materials. In addition, we discuss readout approaches for monitoring oxygen levels at the cellular and tissue levels, focusing on electrochemical and optical detection schemes for high-resolution measurements directly on-chip. An overview of different applications in which microfluidic devices have been utilized to answer biological research questions is then provided. In the final section, we provide our vision for further technological refinements of oxygen-controlling devices and discuss how these devices can be employed to generate new fundamental insights regarding key scientific problems that call for emulating oxygen levels as encountered in vivo. We conclude by making the case that ultimately emulating physiological or pathological oxygen levels should become a standard feature in all in vitro cell, tissue, and organ models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels Velthuijs
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & TechMed Centre, Organ-on-a-chip Centre, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter P R Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Eills J, Hale W, Utz M. Synergies between Hyperpolarized NMR and Microfluidics: A Review. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 128:44-69. [PMID: 35282869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and lab-on-a-chip microfluidics are two dynamic, but until recently quite distinct, fields of research. Recent developments in both areas increased their synergistic overlap. By microfluidic integration, many complex experimental steps can be brought together onto a single platform. Microfluidic devices are therefore increasingly finding applications in medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biomedical research. In particular, they provide novel and powerful ways to culture cells, cell aggregates, and even functional models of entire organs. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a non-invasive, high-resolution spectroscopic technique which allows real-time process monitoring with chemical specificity. It is ideally suited for observing metabolic and other biological and chemical processes in microfluidic systems. However, its intrinsically low sensitivity has limited its application. Recent advances in nuclear hyperpolarization techniques may change this: under special circumstances, it is possible to enhance NMR signals by up to 5 orders of magnitude, which dramatically extends the utility of NMR in the context of microfluidic systems. Hyperpolarization requires complex chemical and/or physical manipulations, which in turn may benefit from microfluidic implementation. In fact, many hyperpolarization methodologies rely on processes that are more efficient at the micro-scale, such as molecular diffusion, penetration of electromagnetic radiation into a sample, or restricted molecular mobility on a surface. In this review we examine the confluence between the fields of hyperpolarization-enhanced NMR and microfluidics, and assess how these areas of research have mutually benefited one another, and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - William Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Abstract
Single-cell omics studies provide unique information regarding cellular heterogeneity at various levels of the molecular biology central dogma. This knowledge facilitates a deeper understanding of how underlying molecular and architectural changes alter cell behavior, development, and disease processes. The emerging microchip-based tools for single-cell omics analysis are enabling the evaluation of cellular omics with high throughput, improved sensitivity, and reduced cost. We review state-of-the-art microchip platforms for profiling genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and multi-omics at single-cell resolution. We also discuss the background of and challenges in the analysis of each molecular layer and integration of multiple levels of omics data, as well as how microchip-based methodologies benefit these fields. Additionally, we examine the advantages and limitations of these approaches. Looking forward, we describe additional challenges and future opportunities that will facilitate the improvement and broad adoption of single-cell omics in life science and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; , ,
| | - Amanda Finck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; , ,
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; , ,
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7
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Yan Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu D, Wu X, Xu C, Chen C, Li Z. The effects of jolkinolide B on HepG2 cells as revealed by 1H-NMR-based metabolic profiling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 842:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Ehrlich A, Tsytkin-Kirschenzweig S, Ioannidis K, Ayyash M, Riu A, Note R, Ouedraogo G, Vanfleteren J, Cohen M, Nahmias Y. Microphysiological flux balance platform unravels the dynamics of drug induced steatosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2510-2522. [PMID: 29992215 PMCID: PMC7004819 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00357b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug development is currently hampered by the inability of animal experiments to accurately predict human response. While emerging organ on chip technology offers to reduce risk using microfluidic models of human tissues, the technology still mostly relies on end-point assays and biomarker measurements to assess tissue damage resulting in limited mechanistic information and difficulties to detect adverse effects occurring below the threshold of cellular damage. Here we present a sensor-integrated liver on chip array in which oxygen is monitored using two-frequency phase modulation of tissue-embedded microprobes, while glucose, lactate and temperature are measured in real time using microfluidic electrochemical sensors. Our microphysiological platform permits the calculation of dynamic changes in metabolic fluxes around central carbon metabolism, producing a unique metabolic fingerprint of the liver's response to stimuli. Using our platform, we studied the dynamics of human liver response to the epilepsy drug Valproate (Depakine™) and the antiretroviral medication Stavudine (Zerit™). Using E6/E7LOW hepatocytes, we show TC50 of 2.5 and 0.8 mM, respectively, coupled with a significant induction of steatosis in 2D and 3D cultures. Time to onset analysis showed slow progressive damage starting only 15-20 hours post-exposure. However, flux analysis showed a rapid disruption of metabolic homeostasis occurring below the threshold of cellular damage. While Valproate exposure led to a sustained 15% increase in lipogenesis followed by mitochondrial stress, Stavudine exposure showed only a transient increase in lipogenesis suggesting disruption of β-oxidation. Our data demonstrates the importance of tracking metabolic stress as a predictor of clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Ehrlich
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Chen C, Gao J, Wang TS, Guo C, Yan YJ, Mao CY, Gu LW, Yang Y, Li ZF, Liu A. NMR-based Metabolomic Techniques Identify the Toxicity of Emodin in HepG2 Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9379. [PMID: 29925852 PMCID: PMC6010407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that is present in various herbal preparations. The pharmacological effects of emodin include anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and even antimicrobial activities. However, emodin also has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. The mechanism of emodin's adverse effects is complicated and currently not well understood. This study aimed to establish a cell metabonomic method to investigate the toxicity of emodin and explore its potential mechanism and relevant targets. In the present study, metabonomic profiles of cell extracts and cell culture media obtained using the 1H NMR technique were used to assess emodin toxicity in HepG2 cells. Multivariate statistical analyses such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to characterize the metabolites that differed between the control and emodin groups. The results indicated that emodin resulted in differences in 33 metabolites, including acetate, arginine, aspartate, creatine, isoleucine, leucine and histidine in the cell extract samples and 23 metabolites, including alanine, formate, glutamate, succinate and isoleucine, in the cell culture media samples. Approximately 8 pathways associated with these metabolites were disrupted in the emodin groups. These results demonstrated the potential for using cell metabonomics approaches to clarify the toxicological effects of emodin, the underlying mechanisms and potential biomarkers. Our findings may help with the development of novel strategies to discover targets for drug toxicity, elucidate the changes in regulatory signal networks and explore its potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Shan Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Yi Mao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Gu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Wang J, Wang C, Liu H, Qi H, Chen H, Wen J. Metabolomics assisted metabolic network modeling and network wide analysis of metabolites in microbiology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:1106-1120. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1462141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haishan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Zhang C, Ma Q, Shi Y, Li X, Wang M, Wang J, Ge J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Jiang H. A novel 5-fluorouracil-resistant human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Eca-109/5-FU with significant drug resistance-related characteristics. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2942-2954. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Zhao X, Shen M, Jiang X, Shen W, Zhong Q, Yang Y, Tan Y, Agnello M, He X, Hu F, Le S. Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Profiling of Phage-Host Interactions between Phage PaP1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:548. [PMID: 28421049 PMCID: PMC5377924 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic biology of bacteriophage–host interactions has attracted increasing attention due to a renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of bacteriophages. In addition, knowledge of the host pathways inhibited by phage may provide clues to novel drug targets. However, the effect of phage on bacterial gene expression and metabolism is still poorly understood. In this study, we tracked phage–host interactions by combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected with a lytic bacteriophage, PaP1. Compared with the uninfected host, 7.1% (399/5655) of the genes of the phage-infected host were differentially expressed genes (DEGs); of those, 354 DEGs were downregulated at the late infection phase. Many of the downregulated DEGs were found in amino acid and energy metabolism pathways. Using metabolomics approach, we then analyzed the changes in metabolite levels in the PaP1-infected host compared to un-infected controls. Thymidine was significantly increased in the host after PaP1 infection, results that were further supported by increased expression of a PaP1-encoded thymidylate synthase gene. Furthermore, the intracellular betaine concentration was drastically reduced, whereas choline increased, presumably due to downregulation of the choline–glycine betaine pathway. Interestingly, the choline–glycine betaine pathway is a potential antimicrobial target; previous studies have shown that betB inhibition results in the depletion of betaine and the accumulation of betaine aldehyde, the combination of which is toxic to P. aeruginosa. These results present a detailed description of an example of phage-directed metabolism in P. aeruginosa. Both phage-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes and phage-directed host gene expression may contribute to the metabolic changes observed in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Mengyu Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinling Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Melissa Agnello
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Fuquan Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Le
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Vernetti L, Gough A, Baetz N, Blutt S, Broughman JR, Brown JA, Foulke-Abel J, Hasan N, In J, Kelly E, Kovbasnjuk O, Repper J, Senutovitch N, Stabb J, Yeung C, Zachos NC, Donowitz M, Estes M, Himmelfarb J, Truskey G, Wikswo JP, Taylor DL. Functional Coupling of Human Microphysiology Systems: Intestine, Liver, Kidney Proximal Tubule, Blood-Brain Barrier and Skeletal Muscle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42296. [PMID: 28176881 PMCID: PMC5296733 DOI: 10.1038/srep42296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ interactions resulting from drug, metabolite or xenobiotic transport between organs are key components of human metabolism that impact therapeutic action and toxic side effects. Preclinical animal testing often fails to predict adverse outcomes arising from sequential, multi-organ metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. Human microphysiological systems (MPS) can model these interactions and are predicted to dramatically improve the efficiency of the drug development process. In this study, five human MPS models were evaluated for functional coupling, defined as the determination of organ interactions via an in vivo-like sequential, organ-to-organ transfer of media. MPS models representing the major absorption, metabolism and clearance organs (the jejunum, liver and kidney) were evaluated, along with skeletal muscle and neurovascular models. Three compounds were evaluated for organ-specific processing: terfenadine for pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicity; trimethylamine (TMA) as a potentially toxic microbiome metabolite; and vitamin D3. We show that the organ-specific processing of these compounds was consistent with clinical data, and discovered that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) crosses the blood-brain barrier. These studies demonstrate the potential of human MPS for multi-organ toxicity and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME), provide guidance for physically coupling MPS, and offer an approach to coupling MPS with distinct media and perfusion requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh, Drug Discovery Institute Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Baltimore, PA, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh, Drug Discovery Institute Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Baltimore, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Baetz
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Blutt
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Broughman
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Foulke-Abel
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nesrin Hasan
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie In
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Repper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nina Senutovitch
- University of Pittsburgh, Drug Discovery Institute Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janet Stabb
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine Yeung
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, WA, USA.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Nick C Zachos
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, GI Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Estes
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - George Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh, Drug Discovery Institute Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Baltimore, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, PA, USA
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14
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Xie C, Jin J, Bao X, Zhan WH, Han TY, Gan M, Zhang C, Wang J. Inhibition of mitochondrial glutaminase activity reverses acquired erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:610-21. [PMID: 26575584 PMCID: PMC4808021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erlotinib has been approved based on the clinical benefit in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients over the past decade. Unfortunately, cancer cells become resistant to this agent via various mechanisms, and this limits the improvement in patient outcomes. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel agents to overcome erlotinib resistance. Here, we propose a novel strategy to overcome acquired erlotinib resistance in NSCLC by inhibiting glutaminase activity. Compound 968, an inhibitor of the glutaminase C (GAC), when combined with erlotinib potently inhibited the cell proliferation of erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells HCC827ER and NCI-H1975. The combination of compound 968 and erlotinib not only decreased GAC and EGFR protein expression but also inhibited GAC activity in HCC827ER cells. The growth of erlotinib-resistant cells was glutamine-dependent as proved by GAC gene knocked down and rescue experiment. More importantly, compound 968 combined with erlotinib down-regulated the glutamine and glycolysis metabolism in erlotinib-resistant cells. Taken together, our study provides a valuable approach to overcome acquired erlotinib resistance by blocking glutamine metabolism and suggests that combination of EGFR-TKI and GAC inhibitor maybe a potential treatment strategy for acquired erlotinib-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Xie
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xujie Bao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Zhan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Han
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingxi Gan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chengfu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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15
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Skardal A, Shupe T, Atala A. Organoid-on-a-chip and body-on-a-chip systems for drug screening and disease modeling. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1399-1411. [PMID: 27422270 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication technologies have enabled rapid growth in the areas of in vitro organoid development as well as organoid-on-a-chip platforms. These 3D model systems often are able to mimic human physiology more accurately than traditional 2D cultures and animal models. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made to generate organ-on-a-chip platforms and, more recently, more complex multi-organoid body-on-a-chip platforms and their applications. Importantly, these systems have the potential to dramatically impact biomedical applications in the areas of drug development, drug and toxicology screening, disease modeling, and the emerging area of personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Thomas Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Urology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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16
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Mortensen NP, Mercier KA, McRitchie S, Cavallo TB, Pathmasiri W, Stewart D, Sumner SJ. Microfluidics meets metabolomics to reveal the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical pathways. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:51. [PMID: 27231016 PMCID: PMC4939818 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices that are currently being used in pharmaceutical research also have a significant potential for utilization in investigating exposure to infectious agents. We have established a microfluidic device cultured with Caco-2 cells, and utilized metabolomics to investigate the biochemical responses to the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. In the microfluidic devices, Caco-2 cells polarize at day 5, are uniform, have defined brush borders and tight junctions, and form a mucus layer. Metabolomics analysis of cell culture media collected from both Caco-2 cell culture systems demonstrated a more metabolic homogenous biochemical profile in the media collected from microfluidic devices, compared with media collected from transwells. GeneGo pathway mapping indicated that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis was perturbed by fluid flow, suggesting that fluid dynamics and shear stress impacts the cells translational quality control. Both microfluidic device and transwell culturing systems were used to investigate the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical processes. Caco-2 cells cultured in either system were infected at day 5 with C. jejuni 81-176 for 48 h. Metabolomics analysis clearly differentiated C. jejuni 81-176 infected and non-infected medias collected from the microfluidic devices, and demonstrated that C. jejuni 81-176 infection in microfluidic devices impacts branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In contrast, no distinction was seen in the biochemical profiles of infected versus non-infected media collected from cells cultured in transwells. Microfluidic culturing conditions demonstrated a more metabolically homogenous cell population, and present the opportunity for studying host-pathogen interactions for extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Kelly A Mercier
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Tammy B Cavallo
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Delisha Stewart
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA.
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17
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Real-time monitoring of metabolic function in liver-on-chip microdevices tracks the dynamics of mitochondrial dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2231-40. [PMID: 27044092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522556113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technology aims to replace animal toxicity testing, but thus far has demonstrated few advantages over traditional methods. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of chemical and pharmaceutical toxicity, as well as pluripotency and disease processes. However, current methods to evaluate mitochondrial activity still rely on end-point assays, resulting in limited kinetic and prognostic information. Here, we present a liver-on-chip device capable of maintaining human tissue for over a month in vitro under physiological conditions. Mitochondrial respiration was monitored in real time using two-frequency phase modulation of tissue-embedded phosphorescent microprobes. A computer-controlled microfluidic switchboard allowed contiguous electrochemical measurements of glucose and lactate, providing real-time analysis of minute shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis, an early indication of mitochondrial stress. We quantify the dynamics of cellular adaptation to mitochondrial damage and the resulting redistribution of ATP production during rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and troglitazone (Rezulin)-induced mitochondrial stress. We show troglitazone shifts metabolic fluxes at concentrations previously regarded as safe, suggesting a mechanism for its observed idiosyncratic effect. Our microfluidic platform reveals the dynamics and strategies of cellular adaptation to mitochondrial damage, a unique advantage of organ-on-chip technology.
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18
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Bhise NS, Manoharan V, Massa S, Tamayol A, Ghaderi M, Miscuglio M, Lang Q, Shrike Zhang Y, Shin SR, Calzone G, Annabi N, Shupe TD, Bishop CE, Atala A, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. A liver-on-a-chip platform with bioprinted hepatic spheroids. Biofabrication 2016; 8:014101. [PMID: 26756674 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/014101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inadequacy of animal models in correctly predicting drug and biothreat agent toxicity in humans has resulted in a pressing need for in vitro models that can recreate the in vivo scenario. One of the most important organs in the assessment of drug toxicity is liver. Here, we report the development of a liver-on-a-chip platform for long-term culture of three-dimensional (3D) human HepG2/C3A spheroids for drug toxicity assessment. The bioreactor design allowed for in situ monitoring of the culture environment by enabling direct access to the hepatic construct during the experiment without compromising the platform operation. The engineered bioreactor could be interfaced with a bioprinter to fabricate 3D hepatic constructs of spheroids encapsulated within photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. The engineered hepatic construct remained functional during the 30 days culture period as assessed by monitoring the secretion rates of albumin, alpha-1 antitrypsin, transferrin, and ceruloplasmin, as well as immunostaining for the hepatocyte markers, cytokeratin 18, MRP2 bile canalicular protein and tight junction protein ZO-1. Treatment with 15 mM acetaminophen induced a toxic response in the hepatic construct that was similar to published studies on animal and other in vitro models, thus providing a proof-of-concept demonstration of the utility of this liver-on-a-chip platform for toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupura S Bhise
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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19
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Clock genes-dependent acetylation of complex I sets rhythmic activity of mitochondrial OxPhos. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:596-606. [PMID: 26732296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Physiology of living beings show circadian rhythms entrained by a central timekeeper present in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei. Nevertheless, virtually all peripheral tissues hold autonomous molecular oscillators constituted essentially by circuits of gene expression that are organized in negative and positive feed-back loops. Accumulating evidence reveals that cell metabolism is rhythmically controlled by cell-intrinsic molecular clocks and the specific pathways involved are being elucidated. Here, we show that in vitro-synchronized cultured cells exhibit BMAL1-dependent oscillation in mitochondrial respiratory activity, which occurs irrespective of the cell type tested, the protocol of synchronization used and the carbon source in the medium. We demonstrate that the rhythmic respiratory activity is associated to oscillation in cellular NAD content and clock-genes-dependent expression of NAMPT and Sirtuins 1/3 and is traceable back to the reversible acetylation of a single subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex I. Our findings provide evidence for a new interlocked transcriptional-enzymatic feedback loop controlling the molecular interplay between cellular bioenergetics and the molecular clockwork.
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20
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Ke W, Chang S, Chen X, Luo S, Jiang S, Yang P, Wu X, Zheng Z. Metabolic control analysis of L-lactate synthesis pathway in Rhizopus oryzae As 3.2686. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:2189-99. [PMID: 26288952 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the metabolic flux and the activities of the pyruvate branching enzymes of Rhizopus oryzae As 3.2686 during L-lactate fermentation was investigated using the perturbation method of aeration. The control coefficients for five enzymes, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate carboxylase (PC), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), were calculated. Our results indicated significant correlations between PDH and PC, PDC and LDH, PDC and ADH, LDH and ADH, and PDC and PC. It also appeared that PDH, PC, and LDH strongly controlled the L-lactate flux; PDH and ADH strongly controlled the ethanol flux; while PDH and PC strongly controlled the acetyl coenzyme A flux and the oxaloacetate flux. Further, the flux control coefficient curves indicated that the control of the system gradually transferred from PDC to PC during the steady state. Therefore, PC was the key rate-limiting enzyme that controls the flux distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ke
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Chang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoju Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuizhong Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaotong Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhou Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Gu L, Li S, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Liu Z, Bi K, Chen X. Integrative investigation of Semen Strychni nephrotoxicity and the protective effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae by a UPLC-MS/MS method based cell metabolomics strategy in HEK 293t cell lysates. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Scheme of the cell metabolomics strategy workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Gu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Shujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Stem Cell Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Kexia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Ziying Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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22
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Larive CK, Barding GA, Dinges MM. NMR spectroscopy for metabolomics and metabolic profiling. Anal Chem 2014; 87:133-46. [PMID: 25375201 DOI: 10.1021/ac504075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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23
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Zheng T, Liu L, Shi J, Yu X, Xiao W, Sun R, Zhou Y, Aa J, Wang G. The metabolic impact of methamphetamine on the systemic metabolism of rats and potential markers of methamphetamine abuse. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1968-77. [PMID: 24825823 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the stimulating and psychotropic effects of methamphetamine (METH) on the nervous system are well documented, the impact of METH abuse on biological metabolism and the turnover of peripheral transmitters are poorly understood. Metabolomics has the potential to reveal the effect of METH abuse on systemic metabolism and potential markers suggesting the underlying mechanism of toxicity. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with METH at escalating doses of mg kg(-1) for 5 consecutive days and then were withdrawn for 2 days. The metabolites in the serum and urine were profiled and the systemic effects of METH on metabolic pathways were evaluated. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that METH caused distinct deviations, whereas the withdrawal of METH restored the metabolic patterns towards baseline. METH administration elevated energy metabolism, which was manifested by the distinct depletion of branched-chain amino acids, accelerated tricarboxylic-acid cycle and lipid metabolism, reduced serum glycerol-3-phosphate, and elevated serum and urinary 3-hydroxybutyrate and urinary glycerol. In addition to the increased serum levels of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate (the inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain), a marked decline in serum alanine and glycine after METH treatment suggested the activation and decreased inhibition of the nervous system and hence elevated nervous activity. Withdrawal of METH for 2 days efficiently restored all but a few metabolites to baseline, including serum creatinine, citrate, 2-ketoglutarate, and urinary lactate. Therefore, these metabolites are potential markers of METH use, and they may be used to facilitate the diagnosis of METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zheng
- Lab of Metabonomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjia Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu province, China.
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24
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Ebrahimkhani MR, Neiman JAS, Raredon MSB, Hughes DJ, Griffith LG. Bioreactor technologies to support liver function in vitro. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:132-57. [PMID: 24607703 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver is a central nexus integrating metabolic and immunologic homeostasis in the human body, and the direct or indirect target of most molecular therapeutics. A wide spectrum of therapeutic and technological needs drives efforts to capture liver physiology and pathophysiology in vitro, ranging from prediction of metabolism and toxicity of small molecule drugs, to understanding off-target effects of proteins, nucleic acid therapies, and targeted therapeutics, to serving as disease models for drug development. Here we provide perspective on the evolving landscape of bioreactor-based models to meet old and new challenges in drug discovery and development, emphasizing design challenges in maintaining long-term liver-specific function and how emerging technologies in biomaterials and microdevices are providing new experimental models.
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25
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Baudoin R, Alberto G, Legendre A, Paullier P, Naudot M, Fleury MJ, Jacques S, Griscom L, Leclerc E. Investigation of expression and activity levels of primary rat hepatocyte detoxication genes under various flow rates and cell densities in microfluidic biochips. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:401-10. [PMID: 24376233 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the behavior of primary rat hepatocytes in biochips using a microfluidic platform (the integrated dynamic cell culture microchip). We studied the effects of cell inoculation densities (0.2-0.5 × 10(6) cells/biochip) and perfusion flow rates (10, 25, and 40 µL/min) during 72 h of perfusion. No effects were observed on hepatocyte morphology, but the levels of mRNA and CYP1A2 activity were found to be dependent on the initial cell densities and flow rates. The dataset made it possible to extract a best estimated range of parameters in which the rat hepatocytes appeared the most functional in the biochips. Namely, at 0.25 × 10(6) inoculated cells cultivated at 25 µL/min for 72 h, we demonstrated better induction of the expression of all the genes analyzed in comparison with other cell densities and flow rates. More precisely, when primary rat hepatocytes were cultivated at these conditions, the time-lapse analysis demonstrated an over expression of CYP3A1, CYP2B1, ABCC1b and ABCC2 in the biochips when compared to the postextraction levels. Furthermore, the AHR, CYP1A2, GSTA2, SULT1A1, and UGT1A6 levels remained higher than 50% of the postextraction values whereas values of HNF4α, CEBP, and PXR remained higher than 20% during the duration of the culture process. Nevertheless, an important reduction in mRNA levels was found for the xenosensors CAR and FXR, and the related CYP (CYP2E1, CYP7A1, CYP3A2, and CYP2D2). CYP1A2 functionality was illustrated by 700 ± 100 pmol/h/10(6) cells resorufin production. This study highlighted the functionality in optimized conditions of primary rat hepatocytes in parallelized microfluidic cultures and their potential for drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Baudoin
- CNRS UMR 7338, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France
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Zhdanov AV, Dmitriev RI, Hynes J, Papkovsky DB. Kinetic Analysis of Local Oxygenation and Respiratory Responses of Mammalian Cells Using Intracellular Oxygen-Sensitive Probes and Time-Resolved Fluorometry. Methods Enzymol 2014; 542:183-207. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416618-9.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang AH, Sun H, Yan GL, Yuan Y, Han Y, Wang XJ. Metabolomics study of type 2 diabetes using ultra-performance LC-ESI/quadrupole-TOF high-definition MS coupled with pattern recognition methods. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:117-28. [PMID: 23975652 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), called the burden of the twenty-first century, is growing with an epidemic rate. Here, we explored the differences in metabolite concentrations between T2D patients and healthy volunteers. Metabolomics represents an emerging discipline concerned with comprehensive analysis of small molecule metabolites and provides a powerful approach to discover biomarkers in biological systems. The acquired data were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry coupled with pattern recognition approach [principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)] to identify potential disease-specific biomarkers. PCA showed satisfactory clustering between patients and healthy volunteers. Biomarkers reflected the biochemical events associated with early stages of T2D which were observed in PLS-DA loading plots. These urinary differential metabolites, such as adiponectin, acylcarnitines, citric acid, kynurenic acid, 3-indoxyl sulfate, urate, and glucose, were identified involving several key metabolic pathways such as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; cysteine and methionine metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis metabolism, etc. Our data suggest that robust metabolomics has the potential as a noninvasive strategy to evaluate the early diagnosis of T2D patients and provides new insight into pathophysiologic mechanisms and may enhance the understanding of its cause of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-hua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Lab of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomic Platform of Chinese Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China,
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Choucha Snouber L, Bunescu A, Naudot M, Legallais C, Brochot C, Dumas ME, Elena-Herrmann B, Leclerc E. Metabolomics-on-a-chip of hepatotoxicity induced by anticancer drug flutamide and Its active metabolite hydroxyflutamide using HepG2/C3a microfluidic biochips. Toxicol Sci 2012; 132:8-20. [PMID: 22843567 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the recently introduced "metabolomics-on-a-chip" approach to test secondary drug toxicity in bioartificial organs. Bioartificial organs cultivated in microfluidic culture conditions provide a beneficial environment, in which the cellular cytoprotective mechanisms are enhanced, compared with Petri dish culture conditions. We investigated the metabolic response of HepG2/C3a cells exposed to flutamide, an anticancer prodrug, and hydroxyflutamide (HF), its active metabolite, in a microfluidic biochip. The cellular response was analyzed by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify cell-specific molecule-response markers. The metabolic response to flutamide results in a disruption of glucose homeostasis and in mitochondrial dysfunctions. This flutamide-specific metabolic response was illustrated by a reduction of the extracellular glucose and fructose consumptions and a general reduction of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity leading to the reduction of the consumption of several amino acids. We also found a higher production of 3-hydroxybutyrate and lactate, and the reduction of the albumin production compared with controls. The toxic metabolic signature associated with the active metabolite HF was illustrated by a high-energy demand and an increase in several amino acid metabolism. Finally, for both molecules, the hepatotoxicity was correlated to the glutathione (GSH) metabolism illustrated by the levels of the 2-hydroxybutyrate and pyroglutamate productions and the increase of the glutamate and glycine productions. Thus, the entire set of results contributed to extract specific mechanistic toxic signatures and their relation to hepatotoxicity, which appeared consistent with literature reports. As new finding of HepG2/C3a cells hepatotoxicity, we propose a metabolic network with a related list of metabolite variations to describe the GSH depletion when followed by a cell death for the HepG2/C3a cells cultivated in our polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic biochips. Our findings illustrate the potential of metabolomics-on-a-chip as an in vitro alternative method for predictive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Choucha Snouber
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, Compiègne Cedex, France
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Baudoin R, Prot JM, Nicolas G, Brocheton J, Brochot C, Legallais C, Benech H, Leclerc E. Evaluation of seven drug metabolisms and clearances by cryopreserved human primary hepatocytes cultivated in microfluidic biochips. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:140-52. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.706725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dumas ME. Metabolome 2.0: quantitative genetics and network biology of metabolic phenotypes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2494-502. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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