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Serger E, Luengo-Gutierrez L, Chadwick JS, Kong G, Zhou L, Crawford G, Danzi MC, Myridakis A, Brandis A, Bello AT, Müller F, Sanchez-Vassopoulos A, De Virgiliis F, Liddell P, Dumas ME, Strid J, Mani S, Dodd D, Di Giovanni S. The gut metabolite indole-3 propionate promotes nerve regeneration and repair. Nature 2022; 607:585-592. [PMID: 35732737 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of mammalian peripheral nervous system neurons after injury is critically limited by their slow axonal regenerative rate1. Regenerative ability is influenced by both injury-dependent and injury-independent mechanisms2. Among the latter, environmental factors such as exercise and environmental enrichment have been shown to affect signalling pathways that promote axonal regeneration3. Several of these pathways, including modifications in gene transcription and protein synthesis, mitochondrial metabolism and the release of neurotrophins, can be activated by intermittent fasting (IF)4,5. However, whether IF influences the axonal regenerative ability remains to be investigated. Here we show that IF promotes axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve crush in mice through an unexpected mechanism that relies on the gram-positive gut microbiome and an increase in the gut bacteria-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) in the serum. IPA production by Clostridium sporogenes is required for efficient axonal regeneration, and delivery of IPA after sciatic injury significantly enhances axonal regeneration, accelerating the recovery of sensory function. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing analysis from sciatic dorsal root ganglia suggested a role for neutrophil chemotaxis in the IPA-dependent regenerative phenotype, which was confirmed by inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis. Our results demonstrate the ability of a microbiome-derived metabolite, such as IPA, to facilitate regeneration and functional recovery of sensory axons through an immune-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Serger
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Graduate School for Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Luengo-Gutierrez
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica S Chadwick
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guiping Kong
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luming Zhou
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Greg Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matt C Danzi
- Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Targeted Metabolomics Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Franziska Müller
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Francesco De Virgiliis
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Phoebe Liddell
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Emmanuel Dumas
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR1283 INSERM, UMR8199 CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jessica Strid
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dylan Dodd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Choucha Snouber L, Bunescu A, Naudot M, Legallais C, Brochot C, Dumas ME, Elena-Herrmann B, Leclerc E. Metabolomics-on-a-chip of hepatotoxicity induced by anticancer drug flutamide and Its active metabolite hydroxyflutamide using HepG2/C3a microfluidic biochips. Toxicol Sci 2012; 132:8-20. [PMID: 22843567 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the recently introduced "metabolomics-on-a-chip" approach to test secondary drug toxicity in bioartificial organs. Bioartificial organs cultivated in microfluidic culture conditions provide a beneficial environment, in which the cellular cytoprotective mechanisms are enhanced, compared with Petri dish culture conditions. We investigated the metabolic response of HepG2/C3a cells exposed to flutamide, an anticancer prodrug, and hydroxyflutamide (HF), its active metabolite, in a microfluidic biochip. The cellular response was analyzed by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify cell-specific molecule-response markers. The metabolic response to flutamide results in a disruption of glucose homeostasis and in mitochondrial dysfunctions. This flutamide-specific metabolic response was illustrated by a reduction of the extracellular glucose and fructose consumptions and a general reduction of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity leading to the reduction of the consumption of several amino acids. We also found a higher production of 3-hydroxybutyrate and lactate, and the reduction of the albumin production compared with controls. The toxic metabolic signature associated with the active metabolite HF was illustrated by a high-energy demand and an increase in several amino acid metabolism. Finally, for both molecules, the hepatotoxicity was correlated to the glutathione (GSH) metabolism illustrated by the levels of the 2-hydroxybutyrate and pyroglutamate productions and the increase of the glutamate and glycine productions. Thus, the entire set of results contributed to extract specific mechanistic toxic signatures and their relation to hepatotoxicity, which appeared consistent with literature reports. As new finding of HepG2/C3a cells hepatotoxicity, we propose a metabolic network with a related list of metabolite variations to describe the GSH depletion when followed by a cell death for the HepG2/C3a cells cultivated in our polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic biochips. Our findings illustrate the potential of metabolomics-on-a-chip as an in vitro alternative method for predictive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Choucha Snouber
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, Compiègne Cedex, France
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Mouchiroud L, Molin L, Kasturi P, Triba MN, Dumas ME, Wilson MC, Halestrap AP, Roussel D, Masse I, Dallière N, Ségalat L, Billaud M, Solari F. Pyruvate imbalance mediates metabolic reprogramming and mimics lifespan extension by dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2011; 10:39-54. [PMID: 21040400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is the most universal intervention known to extend animal lifespan. DR also prevents tumor development in mammals, and this effect requires the tumor suppressor PTEN. However, the metabolic and cellular processes that underly the beneficial effects of DR are poorly understood. We identified slcf-1 in an RNAi screen for genes that extend Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan in a PTEN/daf-18-dependent manner. We showed that slcf-1 mutation, which increases average lifespan by 40%, mimics DR in worms fed ad libitum. An NMR-based metabolomic characterization of slcf-1 mutants revealed lower lipid levels compared to wild-type animals, as expected for dietary-restricted animals, but also higher pyruvate content. Epistasis experiments and metabolic measurements support a model in which the long lifespan of slcf-1 mutants relies on increased mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism coupled to an adaptive response to oxidative stress. This response requires DAF-18/PTEN and the previously identified DR effectors PHA-4/FOXA, HSF-1/HSF1, SIR-2.1/SIRT-1, and AMPK/AAK-2. Overall, our data show that pyruvate homeostasis plays a central role in lifespan control in C. elegans and that the beneficial effects of DR results from a hormetic mechanism involving the mitochondria. Analysis of the SLCF-1 protein sequence predicts that slcf-1 encodes a plasma membrane transporter belonging to the conserved monocarboxylate transporter family. These findings suggest that inhibition of this transporter homolog in mammals might also promote a DR response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Mouchiroud
- UMR5201, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, Lyon 69373, France
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Toye AA, Dumas ME, Blancher C, Rothwell AR, Fearnside JF, Wilder SP, Bihoreau MT, Cloarec O, Azzouzi I, Young S, Barton RH, Holmes E, McCarthy MI, Tatoud R, Nicholson JK, Scott J, Gauguier D. Subtle metabolic and liver gene transcriptional changes underlie diet-induced fatty liver susceptibility in insulin-resistant mice. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1867-1879. [PMID: 17618414 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Complex changes in gene expression are associated with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) promoted by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). We used functional genomic technologies to document molecular mechanisms associated with diet-induced NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male 129S6 mice were fed a diet containing 40% fat (high-fat diet, HFD) for 15 weeks. Glucose tolerance, in vivo insulin secretion, plasma lipid profile and adiposity were determined. Plasma metabonomics and liver transcriptomics were used to identify changes in gene expression associated with HFD-induced NAFLD. RESULTS In HFD-fed mice, NAFLD and impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis were associated with increased hepatic transcription of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, intracellular transport, modification and elongation, whilst genes involved in beta-oxidation and lipoprotein secretion were, paradoxically, also upregulated. NAFLD developed despite strong and sustained downregulation of transcription of the gene encoding stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) and uncoordinated regulation of transcription of Scd1 and the gene encoding sterol regulatory element binding factor 1c (Srebf1c) transcription. Inflammatory mechanisms appeared to be stimulated by HFD. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results provide an accurate representation of subtle changes in metabolic and gene expression regulation underlying disease-promoting and compensatory mechanisms, collectively contributing to diet-induced insulin resistance and NAFLD. They suggest that proposed models of NAFLD pathogenesis can be enriched with novel diet-reactive genes and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Toye
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - M E Dumas
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Blancher
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - A R Rothwell
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - J F Fearnside
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - S P Wilder
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - M T Bihoreau
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - O Cloarec
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I Azzouzi
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - S Young
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - R H Barton
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Holmes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M I McCarthy
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - R Tatoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J K Nicholson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D Gauguier
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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