1
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Gavit V, Hanania N, Eghbarieh N, Shioukhi I, Masarwa A. Programmable Strategies for the Conversion of Aldehydes to Unsymmetrical (Deuterated) Diarylmethanes and Diarylketones. Org Lett 2025; 27:3637-3642. [PMID: 40155201 PMCID: PMC11998069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Herein, we present a versatile method for synthesizing unsymmetrical diarylmethanes and diarylketones from aldehydes and arenes. This involves: (1) regioselective Ar-H alkylation to form benzhydrylphosphonium salts via a one-pot, four-component reaction with simple reagents and (2) chemoselective reductions or oxidations of the benzylic C-P bond. Notably, reductions with D2O yield fully deuterated diarylmethanes. This high-yielding, straightforward approach offers valuable building blocks and enables novel transformations for academic and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Israa Shioukhi
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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2
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Hu C, Pink M, Goicoechea JM. A Fresh Twist on the Phospha-(Aza)-Wittig Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:12331-12337. [PMID: 40159080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
The reactivity of an unsupported phosphinidene oxide, BnArNP═O (Bn = benzyl; Ar = bulky aryl group), as the electrophilic partner in Wittig reactions with ylides is described. Reactions with methylene-triphenylphosphorane (H2C═PPh3) and ethylidene-triphenyl-phosphorane (HMeC═PPh3), proceed as expected, giving rise to the phosphaalkene metathesis products and triphenylphosphine oxide. This reaction can be extended to other ylides such as N-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)methanamine (MeN═PPh3), to afford an aminoiminophosphane BnArNP═NMe. In these reactions the phosphinidene oxide plays the role of an electrophile, which would typically be the remit of an organic carbonyl in classical Wittig reactions. Further mechanistic insight into such transformations can be gained by altering the nature of the phosphorus-ylide. Upon reacting BnArNP═O with H2C═PMe3 (which possesses a smaller, more Lewis basic, phosphine) an alternative product is formed. This transformation supports the formation of a betaine intermediate that subsequently undergoes hydrogen-migration to afford an oxidized phosphorus(V) compound related to phosphorus acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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3
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Zhou Y, Chen L, Huang Z, Sun Q, Xu X, Zhang K, Liu Y. Photocatalytic and straightforward olefination of alkyl aldehydes with alkynylphosphonates enabled by Cu(I)-photosensitizers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2025; 61:5357-5360. [PMID: 40091847 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc06771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
A visible light-driven photocatalytic olefination of alkyl aldehydes into vinylphosphonates directly with alkynylphosphonates has been successfully developed with high E-selectivity through a P/N-heteroleptic Cu(I)-photosensitizer-enabled, secondary amine-aided tandem radical process comprising in situ generation of an alkyl-substituted α-amino radical, addition of the α-amino radical across alkynylphosphonates, 1,5-HAT, C-N bond cleavage and 1,3-allylic isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Ziwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Qinxu Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
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4
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Lysenko V, Machushynets NV, van Dam JL, Sterk FAC, Speer A, Ram AFJ, Slingerland CJ, Van Wezel GP, Martin NI. Total Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Bioactivity Evaluation of the Cyclic Lipopeptide Natural Product Paenilipoheptin A. Org Lett 2025; 27:2826-2831. [PMID: 40099901 PMCID: PMC11959586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2025] [Revised: 02/06/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
In this study, we further investigated the structure of the recently reported cyclic lipopeptide natural product paenilipoheptin A. Here, we disclose the first total synthesis of the compound, allowing for its complete structural assignment. The route developed employs automated SPPS, providing access to the compound in quantities suitable for antibacterial and antifungal testing. These studies unequivocally establish the stereochemical framework of paenilipoheptin A and further reveal that the compound possesses moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav Lysenko
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden
University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nataliia V. Machushynets
- Molecular
Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg
72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jisca L. van Dam
- Fungal
Genetics and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fabienne A. C. Sterk
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden
University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Speer
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F. J. Ram
- Fungal
Genetics and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. Slingerland
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden
University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles P. Van Wezel
- Molecular
Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg
72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute
of Ecology, 6700 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I. Martin
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden
University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Chizaki T, Fujiwara K, Fujimoto J, Narumi T, Shuto S, Watanabe M. Highly Z-Selective Julia-Kocienski Olefination Using N-Sulfonylimines and Its Mechanistic Insights from DFT Calculations. Org Lett 2025; 27:2677-2681. [PMID: 40079273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
The Julia-Kocienski (JK) olefination is effective for E-selective olefination, but highly Z-selective versions remain rare. Here, we report a highly Z-selective JK olefination (Z ratio >99:1) using N-sulfonylimines as electrophiles instead of aldehydes. This method demonstrates a broad substrate scope, tolerating electron-donating and -withdrawing groups, amides, halogens, carboxylic acids, and hydroxyls. Z-selectivity in our system arises from both the 1,2-addition and Smiles rearrangement steps without involving synperiplanar elimination. This study expands the toolkit for Z-selective olefin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Chizaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Junko Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Narumi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mizuki Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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6
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Song G, Lee S, Jeong KS. Foldameric receptors with domain-swapping cavities capable of selectively binding and transporting monosaccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:2845-2853. [PMID: 39973617 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob02061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
The development of synthetic receptors capable of selectively binding and transporting saccharides is crucial but highly challenging. In this study, two foldameric receptors 1 and 2, consisting of two repeating monomers, indolocarbazole and naphthyridine units, with different aromatic spacers in the middle of their sequences, have been synthesised. These receptors fold into helical conformations, and the two strands of each receptor are assembled to create domain-swapping cavities for binding monosaccharides by multiple hydrogen bonds. According to 1H NMR, CD spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and ITC experiments, receptor 1 forms two distinct 2 : 2 complexes with methyl β-D-galactopyranoside and methyl β-D-glucopyranoside: (1-MM)2⊃(methyl β-D-galactopyranoside·2H2O)2 and (1-MP)2⊃(methyl β-D-glucopyranoside)2. Despite being composed of identical foldamer strands, these two complexes exhibit notably different folding and assembly modes to achieve optimal stability. The binding affinities of 1 for methyl β-D-galactopyranoside and methyl β-D-glucopyranoside are estimated to be log K = 12.7 and 13.3, respectively, in 5% (v/v) DMSO/CH2Cl2. On the other hand, receptor 2 forms a stable 2 : 2 receptor/guest complex with methyl β-D-glucopyranoside, (2-MP)2⊃(methyl β-D-glucopyranoside)2, with an association constant of log K = 13.9, which is significantly higher than that of methyl β-D-galactopyranoside (log K = 11.1) and methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (log K = 10.6). Furthermore, receptor 2 facilitates the selective transport of methyl β-D-glucopyranoside over other glycosides across an organic phase (CH2Cl2) in U-tube experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunmoo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Kyu-Sung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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7
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Liu F, Dong J, Cheng R, Yin SF, Chen L, Su L, Qiu R, Zhou Y, Han LB, Li CJ. Direct carbonyl reductive functionalizations by diphenylphosphine oxide. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2025; 11:eads4626. [PMID: 39919176 PMCID: PMC11804924 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ads4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
Reductive functionalization of aldehydes and ketones is one of the most challenging but ultimately rewarding areas in synthetic chemistry and related sciences. We report a simple and extremely versatile carbonyl reductive functionalization strategy achieving direct, highly selective, and efficient reductive amination, etherification, esterification, and phosphinylation reactions of (hetero)aryl aldehydes and ketones, which are extremely challenging or unattainable to achieve by traditional strategies, using only diphenylphosphine oxide and an inorganic base. It enables modular synthesis of functionally and structurally diverse tertiary amines, ethers, esters, phosphine oxides, etc., as well as related pesticides, drug intermediates, and pharmaceuticals. Compared to phosphorus-mediated name reactions, this strategy firstly transformed C═O bonds into C-element single bonds. Mechanistically, phosphinates are formed as intermediates, which undergo unconventional nucleophilic substitution at the C atom within their C─O─P unit. Thus, this work provides important strides in the field of reductive functionalization of aldehydes/ketones, phosphorus-mediated transformation, and various fundamental reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Ruofei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lebin Su
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
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8
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Kuziola J, Moon HW, Leutzsch M, Nöthling N, Béland VA, Cornella J. Synthesis and Characterization of Monomeric Triarylbismuthine Oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202415169. [PMID: 39436750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202415169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of a bismuth-based analogue of the venerable triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3PO) has remained a chimera to synthetic chemists for many years, due to its predicted high reactivity and instability. Through the hydrolysis of a cationic fluorotriarylbismuthonium(V) salt, we report here the isolation of unique hydroxytriarylbismuth(V) complexes, which served as precursor for the formation of the elusive monomeric triarylbismuthine oxide Dipp3Bi=O. Combined spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational studies provided insight into the bonding situation of the first monomeric triorganobismuth oxide complex. The Dipp3Bi=O and Mes3BiO⋅LiBArF complex exhibits O-atom transfer reactivity, an uncommon reactivity feature for Ar3Pn=O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kuziola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hye Won Moon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Vanessa A Béland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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9
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McDonough D, Sanchez CA, Wuest WM, Minbiole KPC. Recent developments in antimicrobial small molecule quaternary phosphonium compounds (QPCs) - synthesis and biological insights. RSC Med Chem 2025:d4md00855c. [PMID: 39816496 PMCID: PMC11729670 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00855c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
The development and characterization of quaternary phosphonium compounds (QPCs) have long benefitted from their incorporation into a cornerstone reaction in organic synthesis - the Wittig reaction. These structures have, more recently, been developed into a wide variety of novel applications, ranging from phase transfer catalysis to mitochondrial targeting. Importantly, their antimicrobial action has demonstrated great promise against a wide variety of bacteria. This review aims to provide an overview of recent development in non-polymeric biocidal QPC structures, highlighting their synthetic preparation, and comparing their antimicrobial performance. Discussions of similarities and dissimilarities to QACs are included, both in bioactivity as well as likely mechanism(s) of action. The observed potential of QPCs to eradicate Gram-negative pathogens via a novel mechanism is highlighted, as there is an urgent need to address the declining biocide arsenal in modern infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana McDonough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villanova University Villanova PA 19085 USA
| | | | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Kevin P C Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villanova University Villanova PA 19085 USA
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10
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Liang C, Liu ZQ, Lin M, Huang XM, Xiong SQ, Zhang X, Li QH, Liu TL. Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Containing Allylic Alcohols Via Z-Alkenyl Transfer with High Stereochemistry Retention. Org Lett 2024; 26:10665-10670. [PMID: 39651549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the rhodium-catalyzed Z-alkenyl transfer from tertiary allylic alcohols to aryl trifluoromethyl ketones, which provided an efficient way of preparation of trifluoromethyl-containing Z-allylic alcohols via β-Z-alkenyl elimination. The key Z-alkenyl-rhodium species were generated with a high degree of stereochemical retention. This reaction featured a broad substrate scope and good functional tolerance and would offer a fascinating approach for the synthesis of Z-alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue-Mei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Si-Qi Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing-Hua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tang-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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11
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Templ J, Schnürch M. High-Energy Ball Milling Enables an Ultra-Fast Wittig Olefination Under Ambient and Solvent-free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202411536. [PMID: 39207262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
30 Seconds to success!-The Wittig reaction, a fundamental and extensively utilized reaction in organic chemistry, enables the efficient conversion of carbonyl compounds to olefins using phosphonium salts. Traditionally, meticulous reaction setup, including the pre-formation of a reactive ylide species via deprotonation of a phosphonium salt, is crucial for achieving high-yielding reactions under classical solution-based conditions. In this report, we present an unprecedented protocol for an ultra-fast mechanically induced Wittig reaction under solvent-free and ambient conditions, often eliminating the need for tedious ylide pre-formation under strict air and moisture exclusion. A range of aldehydes and ketones were reacted with diverse phosphonium salts under high-energy ball milling conditions, frequently giving access to the respective olefins in only 30 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/E163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/E163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Jin J, Song SM, Choi JH, Chung WJ. Stereoselective synthesis of geminal bromofluoroalkenes by kinetically controlled selective conversion of oxaphosphetane intermediates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq5316. [PMID: 39475612 PMCID: PMC11804150 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
Geminal bromofluoroalkenes are an important subclass of versatile organic interhalide, which can serve as useful synthetic precursors to monofluoroalkenes that are valuable amide group isosteres. Nonetheless, despite the vast advancement of olefination methodologies, the broadly applicable stereoselective synthesis remained elusive for geminal bromofluoroalkenes before our work. In particular, the seemingly straightforward Wittig-type approach with interhalogenated phosphorus ylide has been unsuccessful because of the difficulty in the diastereoselective oxaphosphetane formation. Here, we describe a conceptually distinctive strategy, by which the stereoselectivity is gained via the selective decomposition of the oxaphosphetane intermediates. The suitably identified phosphorus(III) reagent and reaction medium enabled efficient kinetic differentiation, which was supported by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and density functional theory calculation. Through our method, the highly diastereoselective synthesis of geminal E-bromofluoroalkenes was accomplished in one step. Furthermore, the generality was demonstrated by accommodating a wide range of readily available carbonyl compounds, including ketones and pharmaceutical substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-min Song
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kumari N, Jagadeesh A, Galav P, Kundu A, Chakraborty B. Moderation of the Electronic Structure of Phosphamides to Execute the Catalytic Appel Reaction Bypassing Phosphine. J Org Chem 2024; 89:15851-15863. [PMID: 39425659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
A set of structurally analogous, albeit electronically distinct, phosphamides (1aa-10aa) is prepared, and the effect of the electronic amendment due to p-substitution has been tested for the conversion of alcohols to halides via the Appel reaction. The -OMe-substituted diphosphamide (8aa) remains the most active, providing ∼96% conversion of alcohols to halides with a TON of 11 in moderate reaction conditions with a large substrate scope. Halide formation follows a pseudo-first-order rate with a constant rate (kobs) of 7.13 × 10-5 s-1. Temp-dependent kinetics and Eyring analyses reveal the activation parameters ΔH‡ of 28.95 (±1.6) kcal mol-1, ΔS‡ of -70.02 (±0.4) cal K-1 mol-1, and ΔG‡298 of 49.81 (±1.2) kcal mol-1. The deuterium labeling study highlights the O-H dissociation of the alcohol as the rate-determining step, while the Hammett analysis with p-substituted benzyl alcohols indicates a positive charge accumulation at the phosphorus center during the Appel reaction. The HOMO-LUMO energy and NPA analyses show that p-OMe substitutions in 8aa make the "P═O" bond more ionic and corresponding aminophosphine is nucleophilic, which are favorable for the Appel reaction. In situ detection of the Appel salt, [R3PX]CX3 and alkoxy phosphonium cation [R3POR]X, validates the reaction pathway mediated by the phosphamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anjana Jagadeesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Prashant Galav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Avinava Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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14
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Huang S, Luo J, Chen P, Chen J, Wang Z. Three-component modular synthesis of chiral 1,3-dioxoles via a Rh-catalyzed carbenic olefination cascade. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc06166g. [PMID: 39444556 PMCID: PMC11494413 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc06166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The advance of organic synthesis and the discovery of novel chemical transformations are often propelled by the rational programming of various bond-forming mechanisms and sequences that involve delicate reactive intermediates. In this study, we present an innovative Rh(ii)-catalyzed asymmetric three-component cascade reaction involving IIII/PV-hybrid ylides, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids for the synthesis of 1,3-dioxoles with moderate to good yields and high enantioselectivity. This method utilizes IIII/PV-hybrid ylides as carbene precursors to form α-PV-Rh-carbenes, which initiate the formation of carbonyl ylides, followed by stereoselective cyclization with carboxylate anions and an intramolecular Wittig olefination cascade, ultimately resulting in the modular assembly of chiral 1,3-dioxoles. By employing this strategy, we successfully coupled various aldehydes and carboxylic acids to give chiral non-benzofused 1,3-dioxole scaffolds, highlighting the potential for late-stage functionalization of biologically relevant molecules, versatile synthetic manipulation, and the production of poly-1,3-dioxole macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jilong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen Guangdong 518118 P. R. China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen Guangdong 518118 P. R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
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15
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Li X, Shan W, Zhou N, Wang Z, Liu R, Zhuang W, Yuan L, Shi C, Qin H, Chen J, Li X, Shi D. Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoconvergent C(sp 2)-F Alkenylation of Monofluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:8521-8526. [PMID: 39331506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The stereoconvergent synthesis of a single stereoisomer from E/Z-olefin mixtures remains one of the foremost challenges in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed stereoconvergent cross-coupling between E- and Z-mixed monofluoroalkenes and alkenyl electrophiles, which allows the construction of C(sp2)-C(sp2) bonds. This defluorinative transformation offers facile access to various 1,3-dienes with E-selectivity and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction most likely proceeds through a migratory insertion/β-F elimination/isomerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenlong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenli Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Leifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Cong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiashu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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16
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Guan Q, Ding F, Zhang C. Highly Selective Boron-Wittig Reaction: A Practical Method to Synthesize Trans-Aryl Alkenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401801. [PMID: 39072812 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Olefins play an essential role in synthetic chemistry, serving not only as important synthons but also as key functional groups in numerous bio-active molecules. Consequently, there has been considerable interest in the development of more powerful methods for olefins. While the Wittig reaction stands as a prominent choice for olefin synthesis due to its simplicity and the ready availability of raw materials, its limitation lies in the challenge of controlling cis-trans selectivity, hampering its broader application. In this study, a novel Boron-Wittig reaction has been developed utilizing gem-bis(boryl)alkanes and aldehydes as starting materials. This method enables creating favourable intermediates, which possess less steric hindrance, and leading to trans-olefins via intramolecular O-B bonds elimination. Notably, synthesis studies have validated its good efficacy in modifying bioactive molecules and synthesizing drug molecules with great trans-selectivity. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism was elucidated based on intermediate trapping experiments, isotope labelling studies, and kinetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Guan
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fupan Ding
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs Targeting the Central Nervous System, Lanyuan Road 5, Tianjin, 300384, China
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17
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Stanisavljević A, Aleksić J, Stojanović M, Baranac-Stojanović M. Solid-state synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-pyridones and conjugated dienes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7218-7230. [PMID: 39163014 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Functionalized 2-pyridones are important biologically active compounds, DNA base analogues and synthetic intermediates. Herein, we report a simple, green, solid-state synthesis of differently substituted 2-pyridones. It starts from commercially available amines and activated alkynes, uses silica gel (15%Cs2CO3/SiO2) as the solid phase and a reaction vial as the only equipment. If necessary, heating is performed in a laboratory oven. Since most reactions are completed within a few hours, no additional energy consumption is required. The syntheses do not require solvents and other reagents and are easily monitored by standard analytical techniques. The atom economy is high, since all atoms of reactants are present in the products and EtOH is the only by-product. The syntheses produce polyfunctionalized conjugated dienes as the only intermediates, which are also important building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Stanisavljević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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18
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Jana K, Zhao Z, Musies J, Sparr C. Atroposelective Arene-Forming Wittig Reaction by Phosphorus P III/P V=O Redox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408159. [PMID: 38940901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is renowned as exceptionally versatile method for converting a diversity of aldehydes and ketones into alkenes. Recently, strategies for chiral phosphine catalysis under PIII/PV=O redox cycling emerged to render this venerable transformation stereoselective. Herein, we describe that phosphine redox catalysis enables the enantioselective synthesis of pertinent biaryl atropisomers by means of a stereocontrolled arene-forming Wittig reaction. Key to the process is the release of an endogenous base from readily accessible tert-butyloxycarbonylated Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts triggered by catalyst intramolecularization, permitting mild phosphine redox catalysis for atroposelective Wittig reactions. By this strategy, a broad diversity of biaryl atropisomers is obtained with up to 94 : 6 enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalipada Jana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhengxing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janis Musies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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De Nardi F, Gorreta G, Meazzo C, Parisotto S, Blangetti M, Prandi C. Wittig Reaction in Deep Eutectic Solvents: Expanding the DES Toolbox in Synthesis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402090. [PMID: 38945826 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Wittig reaction between substituted phosphonium salts and (hetero)aromatic and alkyl carbonyl compounds in Deep Eutectic Solvents has been developed under a scalable and friendly protocol. Highly efficient reactions were successfully run with a wide range of bases including organic (DBU, LiTMP, t-BuOK) and inorganic (NaOH, K2CO3) ones in ChCl/Gly 1 : 2 (mol/mol) as solvent under mild conditions, at room temperature and under air. The proposed protocol was applied to a wide range of substrates, including (hetero)aromatic aldehydes with substituents as halogens (I, Br, Cl), EDG (alkoxy, methyl), EWG (NO2, CF3) or reactive groups as CN, esters, and ketones. Vinylic, alkynyl and cycloalkyl, alicyclic and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes can also be used. Highly electrophilic ketones gave good yields. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction is in complete agreement with the E/Z ratio predictable under traditional conditions. We demonstrated that the protocol is scalable to 2 g (5 mmol) of phosphonium salt, furthermore the proposed workup protocol allows to remove TPPO without need of additional chromatographic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Gorreta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Carolina Meazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Parisotto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125, Torino, Italy
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20
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Wahart AC, Beardmore LND, Field RA, Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ. Tandem One-Pot Biocatalytic Oxidation and Wittig Reaction in Water. Org Lett 2024; 26:6642-6646. [PMID: 39075662 PMCID: PMC11320638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
We explore biocatalytic aldehyde generation under aqueous conditions, concomitantly delivering access to a one-pot Wittig reaction using stabilized phosphoranes and granting diverse alkene products. Using a recombinant choline oxidase mutant, we first undertake biocatalytic alcohol oxidation across a range of functional aliphatic primary alcohols, demonstrating a remarkable substrate tolerance for this enzyme, including chloride, bromide, azide, S-methyl, and alkynyl groups. Following this, we extend capability and deliver a practicable milligram-scale one-pot Wittig reaction in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice
J. C. Wahart
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Liam N. D. Beardmore
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
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21
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Geniller L, Ben Kraim H, Clot E, Taillefer M, Jaroschik F, Prieto A. Metal-Free Decarboxylative Allylation of Oxime Esters under Light Irradiation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401494. [PMID: 38785147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Allylation reactions, often used as a key step for constructing complex molecules and drug candidates, typically rely on transition-metal (TM) catalysts. Even though TM-free radical allylations have been developed using allyl-stannanes, -sulfides, -silanes or -sulfones, much less procedures have been reported using simple and commercially available allyl halides, that are used for the preparation of the before-mentioned allyl derivatives. Here, we present a straightforward photocatalytic protocol for the decarboxylative allylation of oxime esters using allyl bromide derivatives under metal-free and mild conditions. This methodology yields a diverse variety of functionalized molecules including several pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Geniller
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Hiba Ben Kraim
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Clot
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Taillefer
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis Prieto
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
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22
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Duggin M, Olivier WJ, Canty AJ, Lim LF, Cox N, Turner GF, Moggach SA, Thickett SC, Bissember AC, Fuller RO. Lawesson's Reagent: Providing a New Approach to the Forgotten 6-Thioverdazyl Radical. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9405-9419. [PMID: 38865165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A new method for the preparation of the underrepresented 1,5-dimethyl-6-thioverdazyl radicals has been developed employing Lawesson's reagent (LR). The synthetic route involves the direct thionation of the carbonyl group of the corresponding dialkylbishydrazone followed by cyclization to give the tetrazinanthione verdazyl precursor on a gram scale. Subsequent oxidation yields the 6-thioverdazyl radical. It was determined that thionation of substrates containing electron-withdrawing groups in the ortho- or para-positions was high yielding. In contrast, for the parent phenyl group or substrates bearing weakly electron-donating substituents, thionation efficiency was significantly reduced. This could be overcome by utilizing partial in situ cyclization, which occurs during work up, to generate the tetrazinanthione directly via a one-pot synthesis. Density functional theory suggests that the LR fragment interacts with the carbonyl prior to cycloaddition and subsequent to cycloreversion, leading to the thiocarbonyl. The electronic nature of the radical is characterized with electron paramagnetic resonance as well as the first report of 6-thioverdazyl redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Duggin
- School of Natural Sciences─Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Wesley J Olivier
- School of Natural Sciences─Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Allan J Canty
- School of Natural Sciences─Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Li Feng Lim
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australia National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australia National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Gemma F Turner
- School of Molecular Sciences─Chemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Stephen A Moggach
- School of Molecular Sciences─Chemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences─Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences─Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Rebecca O Fuller
- School of Natural Sciences─Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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23
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Ji X, Shen C, Ni Y, Si ZY, Wang Y, Zhi X, Zhao Y, Peng H, Liu L. Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Conjugated Dienes Enabled by Photo-Driven Sequential Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400805. [PMID: 38587996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We here reported a highly stereoselective method for the synthesis of polysubstituted conjugated dienes from α-aryl α-diazo alkynyl ketones and pyrazole-substituted unsymmetric aminals under mild conditions, which was promoted by photo-irridation and involved with 1,6-dipolar intermediate and quadruple sigmatropic rearrangements, was successfully developed. In this transformation, the cleavage of four bonds and the recombination of five bonds were implemented in one operational step. This protocol provided a modular tool for constructing dienes from amines, pyrazoles and α-alkynyl-α-diazoketones in one-pot manner. The results of mechanistic investigation indicated that the plausible reaction path underwent the 1,6-sigmatropic rearrangement instead of the 1,5-sigmatropic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Ni
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yao Si
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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24
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Zhang J, Kong WY, Guo W, Tantillo DJ, Tang Y. Combined Computational and Experimental Study Reveals Complex Mechanistic Landscape of Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Silane-Dependent P═O Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13983-13999. [PMID: 38736283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of Brønsted acid-catalyzed silane-dependent P═O reduction has been elucidated through combined computational and experimental methods. Due to its remarkable chemo- and stereoselective nature, the Brønsted acid/silane reduction system has been widely employed in organophosphine-catalyzed transformations involving P(V)/P(III) redox cycle. However, the full mechanistic profile of this type of P═O reduction has yet to be clearly established to date. Supported by both DFT and experimental studies, our research reveals that the reaction likely proceeds through mechanisms other than the widely accepted "dual activation mode by silyl ester" or "acid-mediated direct P═O activation" mechanism. We propose that although the reduction mechanisms may vary with the substitution patterns of silane species, Brønsted acid generally activates the silane rather than the P═O group in transition structures. The proposed activation mode differs significantly from that associated with traditional Brønsted acid-catalyzed C═O reduction. The uniqueness of P═O reduction originates from the dominant Si/O═P orbital interactions in transition structures rather than the P/H-Si interactions. The comprehensive mechanistic landscape provided by us will serve as a guidance for the rational design and development of more efficient P═O reduction systems as well as novel organophosphine-catalyzed reactions involving P(V)/P(III) redox cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Bofill JM, Severi M, Quapp W, Ribas-Ariño J, de P R Moreira I, Albareda G. Optimal Oriented External Electric Fields to Trigger a Barrierless Oxaphosphetane Ring Opening Step of the Wittig Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400173. [PMID: 38457260 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is one of the most important processes in organic chemistry for the asymmetric synthesis of olefinic compounds. In view of the increasingly acknowledged potentiality of the electric fields in promoting reactions, here we will consider the effect of the oriented external electric field (OEEF) on the second step of Wittig reaction (i. e. the ring opening oxaphosphetane) in a model system for non-stabilized ylides. In particular, we have determined the optimal direction and strength of the electric field that should be applied to annihilate the reaction barrier of the ring opening through the polarizable molecular electric dipole (PMED) model that we have recently developed. We conclude that the application of the optimal external electric field for the oxaphosphetane ring opening favours a Bestmann-like mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Maria Bofill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Severi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Quapp
- Mathematisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, PF 100920, D-04009, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibério de P R Moreira
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Essman JZ, Jacobsen EN. Enantioselective Potassium-Catalyzed Wittig Olefinations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7165-7172. [PMID: 38451542 PMCID: PMC11001253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We report asymmetric potassium-isothiourea-boronate-catalyzed Wittig olefinations of 4-substituted cyclohexanones with non-stabilized phosphorus ylides to afford highly enantioenriched axially chiral alkenes. The optimal catalyst features an unusual macrocyclic amide-potassium-boronate chelate. Kinetic and spectroscopic analyses are consistent with a Lewis acid mechanism for the catalytic olefination that results in the formation of the oxaphosphetane adduct under cryogenic conditions. Thermal fragmentation of the oxaphosphetane to the alkene product occurs after the reaction is complete. Computational studies indicate that cycloaddition proceeds via a stepwise mechanism involving enantiodetermining polar 1,2-addition to afford an intermediate potassium betaine complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Z. Essman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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27
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Sreenivas K, Rao CN, Khan FA. Intramolecular CH-Hydrogen Bonding During the Dissociation of the Oxaphosphetane Intermediate Facilitates Z/E-Selectivity in Wittig Olefination. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300171. [PMID: 38060831 PMCID: PMC10924042 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, DFT studies corroborating experimental results revealed that the shortest intramolecular hydrogen bonding distance of cis/trans-oxaphosphetane (OPA) oxygen with the CH-hydrogen of a triphenylphosphine phenyl ring provides good evidence for the attained olefin Z/E-selectivity in Wittig olefination of the studied examples. 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2-nitro-3-bromobenzaldehyde, 2-nitro-5-bromobenzaldehyde and 2-nitro-5-arylbenzaldehydes provided Z-nitrostilbenes with (2-chloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl) triphenylphosphonium chloride as the major products. However, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 2-nitro-6-bromobenzaldehydes furnished E-nitrostilbenes as the major products in high yields. Furthermore, the DFT computed intramolecular CH1/CH2-hydrogen bond distances with Cl/NO2 of selected stilbene derivatives were in good agreement with intramolecular hydrogen bond distances measured from single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukkamudi Sreenivas
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad KandiSangareddyTelangana502 285India
| | - Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSC-29208USA
| | - Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, KandiSangareddyTelangana502 285India
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28
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Baumann JE, Chung CP, Lalic G. Stereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Olefination of Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316521. [PMID: 38100274 PMCID: PMC10977923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes are an important class of organic molecules found among synthetic intermediates and bioactive compounds. They are commonly synthesized through stoichiometric Wittig-type olefination of carbonyls and imines, using ylides or their equivalents. Despite the importance of Wittig-type olefination reactions, their catalytic variants remain underdeveloped. We explored the use of transition metal catalysis to form ylide equivalents from readily available starting materials. Our investigation led to a new copper-catalyzed olefination of imines with alkenyl boronate esters as coupling partners. We identified a heterobimetallic complex, obtained by hydrocupration of the alkenyl boronate esters, as the key catalytic intermediate that serves as an ylide equivalent. The high E-selectivity observed in the reaction is due to the stereoselective addition of this intermediate to an imine, followed by stereospecific anti-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Crystal P Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Verma C, Dubey S, Bose R, Alfantazi A, Ebenso EE, Rhee KY. Zwitterions and betaines as highly soluble materials for sustainable corrosion protection: Interfacial chemistry and bonding with metal surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 324:103091. [PMID: 38281394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The primary requirements for interfacial adsorption and corrosion inhibition are solubility and the existence of polar functional groups, particularly charges. Traditional organic inhibitors have a solubility issue due to the hydrophobic moieties they incorporate. Most documented organic inhibitors have aromatic rings, hydrocarbon chains, and a few functional groups. The excellent solubility and high efficacy of zwitterions and betaines make them the perfect replacements for insoluble corrosion inhibitors. Zwitterions and betaines are more easily soluble because of interactions between their positive and negative charges (-COO-, -PO3-, -NH3, -NHR2, -NH2R, -SO3- etc.) and the polar solvents. The positive and negative charges also aid these molecules' physical and chemical adsorption at the metal-electrolyte interfaces. They develop a corrosion-inhibiting layer through their adsorption. After becoming adsorbed at the metal-electrolyte interface, they act as mixed-type inhibitors, slowing both cathodic and anodic processes. They usually adsorb according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. In this article, the corrosion inhibition potential of zwitterions and betaines in the aqueous phase, as well as their mode of action, are reviewed. This article details the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing zwitterions and betaines for sustainable corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabhan Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shikha Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar 246174, Garhwal, India
| | - Ranjith Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akram Alfantazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eno E Ebenso
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 445-701, South Korea.
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30
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Yue C, Yuan Z, Xu G, Guan XN, Wei B, Yao H, Yang CG, Zhang T. Structure-Guided Design, Synthesis, and Antivirulence Assessment of Covalent Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1127-1146. [PMID: 38170998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sortase A (SrtA) is a membrane-associated cysteine transpeptidase required for bacterial virulence regulation and anchors surface proteins to cell wall, thereby assisting biofilm formation. SrtA is targeted in antivirulence treatments against Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, the development of potent small-molecule SrtA inhibitors is constrained owing to the limited understanding of the mode of action of inhibitors in the SrtA binding pocket. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel class of covalent SrtA inhibitors based on the binding mode detailed in the X-ray crystal structure of the ML346/Streptococcus pyogenes SrtA complex. ML346 analog Y40 exhibited 2-fold increased inhibitory activity on Staphylococcus aureus SrtA and showed superior inhibitory effects on biofilm formation in vitro. Y40 protected Galleria mellonella larvae fromS. aureusinfections in vivo while minimally attenuating staphylococcal growth in vitro. Our study indicates that the covalent SrtA inhibitor Y40 is an antivirulence agent that is effective againstS. aureusinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guobin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiang-Na Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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31
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Khan A, Sarwar MG, Ali S. Reactivity and Stability of (Hetero)Benzylic Alkenes via the Wittig Olefination Reaction. Molecules 2024; 29:501. [PMID: 38276579 PMCID: PMC10819551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Wittig olefination at hetero-benzylic positions for electron-deficient and electron-rich heterocycles has been studied. The electronic effects of some commonly used protective groups associated with the N-heterocycles were also investigated for alkenes obtained in the context of the widely employed Wittig olefination reaction. It was observed that hetero-benzylic positions of the pyridine, thiophene and furan derivatives were stable after Wittig olefination. Similarly, electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) attached to N-heterocycles (indole and pyrrole derivatives) directly enhanced the stability of the benzylic position during and after Wittig olefination, resulting in the formation of stable alkenes. Conversely, electron-donating group (EDG)-associated N-heterocycles boosted the reactivity of benzylic alkene, leading to lower yields or decomposition of the olefination products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmir Khan
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 448 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
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32
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Xu GQ, Wang WD, Xu PF. Photocatalyzed Enantioselective Functionalization of C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1209-1223. [PMID: 38170467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its diverse activation processes including single-electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT), visible-light photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable and efficient platform for organic synthesis. These processes provide a powerful avenue for the direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds under mild conditions. Over the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in the enantioselective functionalization of the C(sp3)-H bond via photocatalysis combined with conventional asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we summarize the advances in asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization involving visible-light photocatalysis and discuss two main pathways in this emerging field: (a) SET-driven carbocation intermediates are followed by stereospecific nucleophile attacks; and (b) photodriven alkyl radical intermediates are further enantioselectively captured by (i) chiral π-SOMOphile reagents, (ii) stereoselective transition-metal complexes, and (iii) another distinct stereoscopic radical species. We aim to summarize key advances in reaction design, catalyst development, and mechanistic understanding, to provide new insights into this rapidly evolving area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei David Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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33
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Jayarani A, Deepa M, Khan HA, Koothradan FF, Yoganandhini S, Sreelakshmi V, Sivasankar C. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Chemo-Selective Carbene Insertion into C-H Bond of Styrene over Cyclopropanation: C-C Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15817-15831. [PMID: 37934176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The C-C bond formation reactions are important in organic synthesis. Heck reaction is known to arylate the terminal carbon of olefins; however, direct alkylation of the terminal carbon of olefin is limited. Herein, we report a novel ruthenium-catalyzed selective cross-coupling reaction of styrene and α-diazoesters to form a new C-C bond over cyclopropanation via the C-H insertion process for the first time. Using this novel methodology, a wide variety of substrates have been utilized and a variety of α-vinylated benzylic esters and densely functionalized olefins have been synthesized with good stereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The overall reaction process proceeds through the carbene insertion into styrene to form the desired products in good to excellent yields with proper stereoselectivity. The selective C-H inserted product, wide substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance are the best features of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Jayarani
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Masilamani Deepa
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Government Arts College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Khan
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Fathima Febin Koothradan
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Sekar Yoganandhini
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Government Arts College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Vinod Sreelakshmi
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
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34
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Weigelt V, Vogl S, Schmidt J, Thomas A. A Triphenylphosphine-Based Microporous Polymer for a Wittig Reaction Cycle in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307818. [PMID: 37460443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is a key step in industrial processes to synthesise large quantities of vitamin A and various other important chemicals that are used in daily life. This article presents a pathway to achieve the Wittig reaction in a solid network. A highly porous triphenylphosphine-based polymer was applied as a solid Wittig reagent that undergoes, in a multi-step cycle, in total six post-synthetic modifications. This allowed for regeneration of the solid Wittig reagent and reuse for the same reaction cycle. Of particular industrial relevance is that the newly developed material also enables a simple way of separating the product by filtration. Therefore, additional costly and difficult separation and purification steps are no longer needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Weigelt
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Vogl
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Ohsato H, Kawauchi K, Yamada S, Konno T. Diverse Synthetic Transformations Using 4-Bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and Its Applications in the Preparation of CF 2 CF 2 -Containing Sugars, Liquid Crystals, and Light-Emitting Materials. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300080. [PMID: 37140105 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules with fluoroalkylene scaffolds, especially a tetrafluoroethylene (CF2 CF2 ) moiety, in their molecular structures exhibit unique biological activities, or can be applied to functional materials such as liquid crystals and light-emitting materials. Although several methods for the syntheses of CF2 CF2 -containing organic molecules have been reported to date, they have been limited to methods using explosives and fluorinating agents. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop simple and efficient approaches to synthesize CF2 CF2 -containing organic molecules from readily available fluorinated substrates using carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. This personal account summarizes the simple and efficient transformation of functional groups at both ends of 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and discusses its synthetic applications to biologically active fluorinated sugars and functional materials, such as liquid crystals and light-emitting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Ohsato
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kawauchi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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36
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Hazra G, Masarwa A. Synthesis and Functionalization of Thiophosphonium Salts: A Divergent Approach to Access Thioether, Thioester, and Dithioester Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6396-6400. [PMID: 37610079 PMCID: PMC10476193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a straightforward practical method for efficiently obtaining a diverse range of thiophosphonium salts. This method involves the direct coupling of commercially available thiols and aldehydes with Ph3P and TfOH. The setup is simple and carried out in a metal-free manner. The synthetic utility of these salts is demonstrated through various examples of C-P bond functionalizations, enabling the synthesis of thioether, deuterated thioether, thioester, and dithioester derivatives. These products, which serve as valuable building blocks, are obtained in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurupada Hazra
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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37
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Kumari N, Mahata A, Chakraborty B. Immobilization of Phosphamide on the TiO 2 Surface for Heterogeneous Phase Catalytic Appel Reaction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7728-7737. [PMID: 37148267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global consumption of triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) for phosphorus-mediated organic synthesis and production of the dead-end triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3PO) waste is exceptionally high. Recycling Ph3PO and/or use of it as a reaction mediator gained significant attention. On the other end, phosphamides, traditionally used as a flame redundant, are stable analogues to Ph3PO. Herein, via a low temperature condensation reaction of methyl 4-(aminomethyl)benzoate (AMB) and diphenyl phosphinic chloride (DPPC), methyl 4-((N,N-diphenylphosphinamido)methyl)benzoate (1) has been synthesized and hydrolysis of the ester functional group of 1 leads to a phosphamide with a carboxylate terminal, 4-((N,N-diphenylphosphinamido)methyl)benzoic acid (2). The presence of phosphamide functionality (NH─P═O) in 2 can be confirmed by its characteristic Raman vibration at 999 cm-1 with expected P-N and P═O bonds distances from the single-crystal X-ray structure. In-situ hydrolysis of [Ti(OiPr)4] in the presence of 2 followed by hydrothermal heating results in immobilization of 2 on a ca. 5 nm TiO2 surface (2@TiO2). The covalent attachment of 2 via coordination through the carboxylate terminal to the TiO2 nanocrystal's surface has been established via multiple spectroscopic and microscopic studies. 2@TiO2 is further used as the heterogeneous mediator for the catalytic Appel reaction, halogenation of alcohol (typically mediated by phosphine), with a fair catalytic conversion and a recorded TON up to 31. The major advantage of the heterogeneous approach studied herein is the recovery of used 2@TiO2 from the reaction mixture via centrifugation only leaving the organic product in the supernatant, which is limiting in Ph3P-mediated homogeneous catalysis. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy confirms amino phosphine as the active species formed in-situ during the catalytic Appel reaction. Post-catalytic characterization of the material recovered after catalysis from the reaction mixture confirms the chemical integrity and that can further be utilized for another two catalytic runs. The developed reaction scheme showcases the use of a phosphamide as a reactive analogue to Ph3PO for an organic reaction in a heterogeneous approach, and the same strategy can be explored further as a general scheme for other phosphorus-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anup Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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38
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Majumdar M. A discrete antimony(V) oxide. Nat Chem 2023; 15:593-594. [PMID: 37095403 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, India.
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39
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Kirsanov RS, Khailova LS, Rokitskaya TI, Iaubasarova IR, Nazarov PA, Panteleeva AA, Lyamzaev KG, Popova LB, Korshunova GA, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Ester-stabilized phosphorus ylides as protonophores on bilayer lipid membranes, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108369. [PMID: 36638678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphonium ylides are commonly used as key intermediates in the Wittig reaction. Based on the known acidities of stabilized ylide precursors, we proposed that a methylene group adjacent to phosphorus in these compounds can ensure proton shuttling across lipid membranes. Here, we synthesized (decyloxycarbonylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (CMTPP-C10) by reaction of triphenylphosphine with decyl bromoacetate. This phosphonium salt precursor of the ester-stabilized phosphorus ylide along with its octyl (CMTPP-C8) and dodecyl (CMTPP-C12) analogues was found to be a carrier of protons in mitochondrial, chloroplast and artificial lipid membranes, suggesting that it can reversibly release hydrogen ions and diffuse through the membranes in both zwitterionic (ylide) and cationic forms. The CMTPP-C10-mediated electrical current across planar bilayer lipid membranes exhibited pronounced proton selectivity. Similar to conventional protonophores, known to uncouple electron transport and ATP synthesis, CMTPP-Cn (n = 8, 10, 12) stimulated mitochondrial respiration, while decreasing membrane potential, at micromolar concentrations, thereby showing the classical uncoupling activity in mitochondria. CMTPP-C12 also caused dissipation of transmembrane pH gradient on chloroplast membranes. Importantly, CMTPP-C10 exhibited substantially lower toxicity in cell culture, than C12TPP. Thus, we report the finding of a new class of ylide-type protonophores, which is of substantial interest due to promising therapeutic properties of uncouplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman S Kirsanov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljudmila S Khailova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iliuza R Iaubasarova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel A Nazarov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa A Panteleeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin G Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila B Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina A Korshunova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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40
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Gómez S, Rojas-Valencia N, Toro-Labbé A, Restrepo A. The transition state region in nonsynchronous concerted reactions. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:084109. [PMID: 36859077 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical and vanishing points of the reaction force F(ξ) = -dV(ξ)/dξ yield five important coordinates (ξR, ξR* , ξTS, ξP* , ξP) along the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) for a given concerted reaction or reaction step. These points partition the IRC into three well-defined regions, reactants (ξR→ξR* ), transition state (ξR* →ξP* ), and products (ξP* →ξP), with traditional roles of mostly structural changes associated with the reactants and products regions and mostly electronic activity associated with the transition state (TS) region. Following the evolution of chemical bonding along the IRC using formal descriptors of synchronicity, reaction electron flux, Wiberg bond orders, and their derivatives (or, more precisely, the intensity of the electron activity) unambiguously indicates that for nonsynchronous reactions, electron activity transcends the TS region and takes place well into the reactants and products regions. Under these circumstances, an extension of the TS region toward the reactants and products regions may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia Rojas-Valencia
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago de Chile 7820436, Chile
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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41
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Wittig and Wittig-Horner Reactions under Sonication Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041958. [PMID: 36838946 PMCID: PMC9964018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl olefinations are among the most important organic syntheses that form C=C bonds, as they usually have high yields and in addition offer excellent stereoselectivity. Due to these advantages, carbonyl olefinations have important pharmaceutical and industrial applications. These reactions contain an additional step of an α-functionalized carbanion to an aldehyde or ketone to produce alkenes, but syntheses performed using metal carbene complexes are also known. The Wittig reaction is an example of carbonyl olefination, one of the best ways to synthesize alkenes. This involves the chemical reaction between an aldehyde or ketone with a so-called Wittig reagent, for instance phosphonium ylide. Triphenylphosphine-derived ylides and trialkylphosphine-derived ylides are the most common phosphorous compounds used as Wittig reagents. The Wittig reaction is commonly involved in the synthesis of novel anti-cancer and anti-viral compounds. In recent decades, the use of ultrasound on the Wittig reaction (and on different modified Wittig syntheses, such as the Wittig-Horner reaction or the aza-Wittig method) has been studied as a green synthesis. In addition to the advantage of green synthesis, the use of ultrasounds in general also improved the yield and reduced the reaction time. All of these chemical syntheses conducted under ultrasound will be described further in the present review.
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42
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Ge L, Sinnema EG, Pérez JM, Postolache R, Castiñeira Reis M, Harutyunyan SR. Enantio- and Z-selective synthesis of functionalized alkenes bearing tertiary allylic stereogenic center. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8742. [PMID: 36638168 PMCID: PMC9839328 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Olefins are ubiquitous in biologically active molecules and frequently used as building blocks in chemical transformations. However, although many strategies exist for the synthesis of stereodefined E-olefines, their thermodynamically less stable Z counterparts are substantially more demanding, while access to those bearing an allylic stereocenter with an adjacent reactive functionality remains unsolved altogether. Even the classic Wittig reaction, arguably the most versatile and widely used approach to construct Z-alkenes, falls short for the synthesis of these particularly challenging yet highly useful structural motives. Here, we report a general methodology for Z-selective synthesis of functionalized chiral alkenes that establishes readily available alkene-derived phosphines as an alternative to alkylating reagents in Wittig olefination, thus offering previously unidentified retrosynthetic disconnections for the formation of functionalized disubstituted alkenes. We demonstrate the potential of this method by structural diversification of several bioactive molecules.
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43
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Mondal S, Tseng CJ, Tan JJY, Lin DY, Lin HY, Weng JH, Lin CH, Mong KKT. Tunable Strategy for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Sulfoglycolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis To Elucidate the Structure and Immunomodulatory Property Relationships. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212514. [PMID: 36349422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We developed a versatile asymmetric strategy to synthesize different classes of sulfoglycolipids (SGLs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The strategy features the use of asymmetrically protected trehaloses, which were acquired from the glycosylation of TMS α-glucosyl acceptors with benzylidene-protected thioglucosyl donors. The positions of the protecting groups at the donors and acceptors can be fine-tuned to obtain different protecting-group patterns, which is crucial for regioselective acylation and sulfation. In addition, a chemoenzymatic strategy was established to prepare the polymethylated fatty acid building blocks. The strategy employs inexpensive lipase as a desymmetrization agent in the preparation of the starting substrate and readily available chiral oxazolidinone as a chirality-controlling agent in the construction of the polymethylated fatty acids. A subsequent investigation on the immunomodulatory properties of each class of SGLs showed how the structures of SGLs impact the host innate immunity response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Mondal
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Previously National Chiao Tung University), 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Chieh-Jen Tseng
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Previously National Chiao Tung University), 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Janet Jia-Yin Tan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road Section2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yuan Lin
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Previously National Chiao Tung University), 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Hsien-Ya Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road Section2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsia Weng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road Section2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road Section2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (Previously National Chiao Tung University), 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R. O. C
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44
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Sharma H, Tewari T, Chikkali SH, Vanka K. Computational Insights into the Iron-Catalyzed Magnesium-Mediated Hydroformylation of Alkynes. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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45
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Cook A, Bezaire M, Newman SG. Nickel-catalyzed desulfonylative olefination of β-hydroxysulfones. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed C–O bond activation is used to access alkenes directly from β-hydroxysulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Maxwell Bezaire
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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46
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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47
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Uchiyama Y, Yamagishi S, Yasukawa T. Observation and Stereochemistry of Betaine Intermediates in the Reaction of Phosphonium Ylide Containing a Phosphaboratatriptycene Skeleton with Benzaldehyde. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15899-15913. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Uchiyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shotaro Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takuya Yasukawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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48
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Burlingham SJ, Guijarro D, Bosque I, Chinchilla R, Gonzalez-Gomez JC. Visible-light-mediated decarboxylative ( E)-alkenylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids with aryl styryl sulfones under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7923-7928. [PMID: 36178275 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01360f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The decarboxylative alkenylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids with aryl styryl sulfones is efficiently catalyzed by riboflavin tetraacetate under visible light irradiation at room temperature. This metal-free protocol is cost-efficient, environmentally friendly and provides the corresponding olefins with excellent (E)-diastereocontrol. The methodology can also be used to prepare internal alkynes regioselectively by using alkynyl sulfones as radical acceptors. The suitability as building blocks of the olefins obtained was demonstrated by performing an (E)- to (Z) photoisomerization, an iron-catalyzed allylic substitution of the phenoxy group derived from the 2-phenoxycarboxylic acid substrates, as well as syn-epoxidations, and diastereoselective intramolecular iodoarylations. Based on control experiments and DFT calculations, we proposed a reaction mechanism that accounts for the regio- and diastereo-selectivity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jayne Burlingham
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - David Guijarro
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Irene Bosque
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Jose C Gonzalez-Gomez
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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49
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Miao L, Yeganeh-Salman A, Yeung J, Stephan DW. Reactions of a Lewis acidic methylene phosphonium cationic adduct with olefins. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14049-14053. [PMID: 36106951 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02855g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to deprotonate the halophosphonium cations [Ph2P(X)Me]+ (X = F, Cl) generated species of the form [Ph2(X)PC(H)PPh2Me][X']. The derivative where X = O3SCF3 provides access to a methylene phosphonium cation. The coordinated triflate anion can be replaced by Et3PO and dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). In addition, the cation reacts with the olefins R2CCH2 (R = Ph, Me) and PhMeCCH2. While Ph2CCH2 was shown to give the species [Ph2(Ph2CCH)PCH2PPh2Me][O3SCF3]2 with a pendant vinyl group, reactions with methyl substituted olefins undergo additional isomerization to form [Ph2(RCH2CCH2)PCH2PPh2Me][O3SCF3]2 (R = Ph, Me) featuring pendant allyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3H6.
| | - Amir Yeganeh-Salman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3H6.
| | - Jason Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3H6.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3H6.
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50
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Golubev AS, Ostapchuk PN, Strelkova TV, Kagramanov ND, Suponitsky KY, Takazova RU, Chkanikov ND. Synthesis of 4-trifluoromethyl-2 H-chromenes via the reaction of 2-(trifluoroacetyl)phenols with vinyltriphenylphosphonium chloride. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6809-6820. [PMID: 35959998 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substituted on the benzene ring 4-CF3-2H-chromenes have been prepared from substituted 2-(trifluoroacetyl)phenols and vinyltriphenylphosphonium chloride according to the Schweizer protocol in moderate to excellent yields. The influence of the type and the position of aromatic ring substituents on yields of 4-CF3-2H-chromenes have been investigated. It has been shown that 4-CF3-2H-chromenes are convenient precursors to 4-CF3-coumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Golubev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Petr N Ostapchuk
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana V Strelkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Nikolai D Kagramanov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyannyi Line, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rina U Takazova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Nikolai D Chkanikov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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