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Rojek KO, Wrzos A, Żukowski S, Bogdan M, Lisicki M, Szymczak P, Guzowski J. Long-term day-by-day tracking of microvascular networks sprouting in fibrin gels: From detailed morphological analyses to general growth rules. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016106. [PMID: 38327714 PMCID: PMC10849774 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling of the evolution of sprouting vascular networks remains one of the basic challenges in tissue engineering. Previous studies on the vascularization dynamics have typically focused only on the phase of intense growth and often lacked spatial control over the initial cell arrangement. Here, we perform long-term day-by-day analysis of tens of isolated microvasculatures sprouting from endothelial cell-coated spherical beads embedded in an external fibrin gel. We systematically study the topological evolution of the sprouting networks over their whole lifespan, i.e., for at least 14 days. We develop a custom image analysis toolkit and quantify (i) the overall length and area of the sprouts, (ii) the distributions of segment lengths and branching angles, and (iii) the average number of branch generations-a measure of network complexity. We show that higher concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) lead to earlier sprouting and more branched networks, yet without significantly affecting the speed of growth of individual sprouts. We find that the mean branching angle is weakly dependent on VEGF and typically in the range of 60°-75°, suggesting that, by comparison with the available diffusion-limited growth models, the bifurcating tips tend to follow local VEGF gradients. At high VEGF concentrations, we observe exponential distributions of segment lengths, which signify purely stochastic branching. Our results-due to their high statistical relevance-may serve as a benchmark for predictive models, while our new image analysis toolkit, offering unique features and high speed of operation, could be exploited in future angiogenic drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna O. Rojek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzos
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Bogdan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Lisicki
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szymczak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Guzowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Pereira M, Pinto J, Arteaga B, Guerra A, Jorge RN, Monteiro FJ, Salgado CL. A Comprehensive Look at In Vitro Angiogenesis Image Analysis Software. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17625. [PMID: 38139453 PMCID: PMC10743557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the complex challenges faced presently by tissue engineering (TE) is the development of vascularized constructs that accurately mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissue in which they are inserted to promote vessel growth and, consequently, wound healing and tissue regeneration. TE technique is characterized by several stages, starting from the choice of cell culture and the more appropriate scaffold material that can adequately support and supply them with the necessary biological cues for microvessel development. The next step is to analyze the attained microvasculature, which is reliant on the available labeling and microscopy techniques to visualize the network, as well as metrics employed to characterize it. These are usually attained with the use of software, which has been cited in several works, although no clear standard procedure has been observed to promote the reproduction of the cell response analysis. The present review analyzes not only the various steps previously described in terms of the current standards for evaluation, but also surveys some of the available metrics and software used to quantify networks, along with the detection of analysis limitations and future improvements that could lead to considerable progress for angiogenesis evaluation and application in TE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Pinto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Belén Arteaga
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Av. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Guerra
- INEGI—Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (R.N.J.)
| | - Renato Natal Jorge
- INEGI—Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (R.N.J.)
- LAETA—Laboratório Associado de Energia, Transportes e Aeronáutica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
- PCCC—Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane Laranjo Salgado
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Kim JT, Cho SM, Youn DH, Hong EP, Park CH, Lee Y, Jung H, Jeon JP. Therapeutic Effect of a Hydrogel-based Neural Stem Cell Delivery Sheet for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00351-3. [PMID: 37356785 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no effective clinically applicable treatments for neuronal dysfunction after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a new delivery method of mouse neural stem cell (mNSC) spheroids using a hydrogel, in terms of improvement in damaged cortical lesions and cognitive impairment after mild TBI. METHODS mNSCs were isolated from the subventricular zone and subgranular zone by a hydrogel-based culture system. GFP-transduced mNSCs were generated into spheroids and wrapped into a sheet for transplantation. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation, TBI, TBI with mNSC spheroids, and TBI with mNSC spheroid sheet transplantation covering the damaged cortex. Histopathological and immunohistochemical features and cognitive function were evaluated 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation following TBI. RESULTS Hydrogel-based culture systems and mNSC isolation were successfully established from the adult mice. Essential transcription factors for NSCs, such as SOX2, PAX6, Olig2, nestin, and doublecortin (DCX), were highly expressed in the mNSCs. A transplanted hydrogel-based mNSC spheroid sheet showed good engraftment and survival ability, differentiated into TUJ1-positive neurons, promoted angiogenesis, and reduced neuronal degeneration. Also, TBI mice treated with mNSC spheroid sheet transplantation exhibited a significantly increased preference for a new object, suggesting improved cognitive function compared to the mNSC spheroids or no treatment groups. CONCLUSION Transplantation with a hydrogel-based mNSC spheroid sheet showed engraftment, migration, and stability of delivered cells in a hostile microenvironment after TBI, resulting in improved cognitive function via reconstruction of the damaged cortex. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study presents the therapeutic effect of a new delivery method of mouse neural stem cells spheroids using a hydrogel, in terms of improvement in damaged cortical lesions and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury. Collagen/fibrin hydrogel allowed long-term survival and migratory ability of NSCs spheroids. Furthermore, transplanted hydrogel-based mNSCs spheroids sheet showed good engraftment, migration, and stability of delivered cells in a hostile microenvironment, resulting in reconstruction of the damaged cortex and improved cognitive function after TBI. Therefore, we suggest that a hydrogel-based mNSCs spheroids sheet could help to improve cognitive impairment after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Tae Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Youn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Pyo Hong
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Younghyurk Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
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Malheiro A, Seijas-Gamardo A, Harichandan A, Mota C, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Development of an In Vitro Biomimetic Peripheral Neurovascular Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31567-31585. [PMID: 35815638 PMCID: PMC9305708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nerves and blood vessels are present in most organs and are indispensable for their function and homeostasis. Within these organs, neurovascular (NV) tissue forms congruent patterns and establishes vital interactions. Several human pathologies, including diabetes type II, produce NV disruptions with serious consequences that are complicated to study using animal models. Complex in vitro organ platforms, with neural and vascular supply, allow the investigation of such interactions, whether in a normal or pathological context, in an affordable, simple, and direct manner. To date, a few in vitro models contain NV tissue, and most strategies report models with nonbiomimetic representations of the native environment. To this end, we have established here an NV platform that contains mature vasculature and neural tissue, composed of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived sensory neurons, and primary rat Schwann cells (SCs) within a fibrin-embedded polymeric scaffold. First, we show that SCs can induce the formation of and stabilize vascular networks to the same degree as the traditional and more thoroughly studied human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We also show that through SC prepatterning, we are able to control vessel orientation. Using our NV platform, we demonstrate the concomitant formation of three-dimensional neural and vascular tissue, and the influence of different medium formulations and cell types on the NV tissue outcome. Finally, we propose a protocol to form mature NV tissue, via the integration of independent neural and vascular constituents. The platform described here provides a versatile and advanced model for in vitro research of the NV axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Malheiro
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adrián Seijas-Gamardo
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek Harichandan
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Engineering injectable vascularized tissues from the bottom-up: Dynamics of in-gel extra-spheroid dermal tissue assembly. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121222. [PMID: 34736148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modular tissue engineering approaches open up exciting perspectives for the biofabrication of vascularized tissues from the bottom-up, using micro-sized units such as spheroids as building blocks. While several techniques for 3D spheroid formation from multiple cell types have been reported, strategies to elicit the extra-spheroid assembly of complex vascularized tissues are still scarce. Here we describe an injectable approach to generate vascularized dermal tissue, as an example application, from spheroids combining fibroblasts and endothelial progenitors (OEC) in a xeno-free (XF) setting. Short-term cultured spheroids (1 day) were selected over mature spheroids (7 days), as they showed significantly higher angiogenic sprouting potential. Embedding spheroids in fibrin was crucial for triggering cell migration into the external milieu, while providing a 3D framework for in-gel extra-spheroid morphogenesis. Migrating fibroblasts proliferated and produced endogenous ECM forming a dense tissue, while OEC self-assembled into stable capillaries with lumen and basal lamina. Massive in vitro interconnection between sprouts from neighbouring spheroids rapidly settled an intricate vascular plexus. Upon injection into the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos, fibrin-entrapped pre-vascularized XF spheroids developed into a macrotissue with evident host vessel infiltration. After only 4 days, perfused chimeric capillaries with human cells were present in proximal areas, showing fast and functional inosculation between host and donor vessels. This method for generating dense vascularized tissue from injectable building blocks is clinically relevant and potentially useful for a range of applications.
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6
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Rahimnejad M, Nasrollahi Boroujeni N, Jahangiri S, Rabiee N, Rabiee M, Makvandi P, Akhavan O, Varma RS. Prevascularized Micro-/Nano-Sized Spheroid/Bead Aggregates for Vascular Tissue Engineering. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:182. [PMID: 34409511 PMCID: PMC8374027 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient strategies to promote microvascularization in vascular tissue engineering, a central priority in regenerative medicine, are still scarce; nano- and micro-sized aggregates and spheres or beads harboring primitive microvascular beds are promising methods in vascular tissue engineering. Capillaries are the smallest type and in numerous blood vessels, which are distributed densely in cardiovascular system. To mimic this microvascular network, specific cell components and proangiogenic factors are required. Herein, advanced biofabrication methods in microvascular engineering, including extrusion-based and droplet-based bioprinting, Kenzan, and biogripper approaches, are deliberated with emphasis on the newest works in prevascular nano- and micro-sized aggregates and microspheres/microbeads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56 025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Ramirez-Calderon G, Susapto HH, Hauser CAE. Delivery of Endothelial Cell-Laden Microgel Elicits Angiogenesis in Self-Assembling Ultrashort Peptide Hydrogels In Vitro. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29281-29292. [PMID: 34142544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel generation is an essential process for tissue formation, regeneration, and repair. Notwithstanding, vascularized tissue fabrication in vitro remains a challenge, as current fabrication techniques and biomaterials lack translational potential in medicine. Naturally derived biomaterials harbor the risk of immunogenicity and pathogen transmission, while synthetic materials need functionalization or blending to improve their biocompatibility. In addition, the traditional top-down fabrication techniques do not recreate the native tissue microarchitecture. Self-assembling ultrashort peptides (SUPs) are promising chemically synthesized natural materials that self-assemble into three-dimensional nanofibrous hydrogels resembling the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we use a modular tissue-engineering approach, embedding SUP microgels loaded with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) into a 3D SUP hydrogel containing human dermal fibroblast neonatal (HDFn) cells to trigger angiogenesis. The SUPs IVFK and IVZK were used to fabricate microgels that gel in a water-in-oil emulsion using a microfluidic droplet generator chip. The fabricated SUP microgels are round structures that are 300-350 μm diameter in size and have ECM-like topography. In addition, they are stable enough to keep their original size and shape under cell culture conditions and long-term storage. When the SUP microgels were used as microcarriers for growing HUVECs and HDFn cells on the microgel surface, cell attachment, stretching, and proliferation could be demonstrated. Finally, we performed an angiogenesis assay in both SUP hydrogels using all SUP combinations between micro- and bulky hydrogels. Endothelial cells were able to migrate from the microgel to the surrounding area, showing angiogenesis features such as sprouting, branching, coalescence, and lumen formation. Although both SUP hydrogels support vascular network formation, IVFK outperformed IVZK in terms of vessel network extension and branching. Overall, these results demonstrated that cell-laden SUP microgels have great potential to be used as a microcarrier cell delivery system, encouraging us to study the angiogenesis process and to develop vascularized tissue-engineering therapies.
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8
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Souza SS, Alves BG, Alves KA, Brandão FAS, Brito DCC, Gastal MO, Rodrigues APR, Figueireod JR, Teixeira DIA, Gastal EL. Heterotopic autotransplantation of ovarian tissue in a large animal model: Effects of cooling and VEGF. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241442. [PMID: 33147235 PMCID: PMC7641372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic and orthotopic ovarian tissue autotransplantation techniques, currently used in humans, will become promising alternative methods for fertility preservation in domestic and wild animals. Thus, this study describes for the first time the efficiency of a heterotopic ovarian tissue autotransplantation technique in a large livestock species (i.e., horses) after ovarian fragments were exposed or not to a cooling process (4°C/24 h) and/or VEGF before grafting. Ovarian fragments were collected in vivo via an ultrasound-guided biopsy pick-up method and surgically autografted in a subcutaneous site in both sides of the neck in each mare. The blood flow perfusion at the transplantation site was monitored at days 2, 4, 6, and 7 post-grafting using color-Doppler ultrasonography. Ovarian grafts were recovered 7 days post-transplantation and subjected to histological analyses. The exposure of the ovarian fragments to VEGF before grafting was not beneficial to the quality of the tissue; however, the cooling process of the fragments reduced the acute hyperemia post-grafting. Cooled grafts compared with non-cooled grafts contained similar values for normal and developing preantral follicles, vessel density, and stromal cell apoptosis; lower collagen type III fibers and follicular density; and higher stromal cell density, AgNOR, and collagen type I fibers. In conclusion, VEGF exposure before autotransplantation did not improve the quality of grafted tissues. However, cooling ovarian tissue for at least 24 h before grafting can be beneficial because satisfactory rates of follicle survival and development, stromal cell survival and proliferation, as well as vessel density, were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara S. Souza
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Benner G. Alves
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Kele A. Alves
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A. S. Brandão
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Danielle C. C. Brito
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Melba O. Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ana P. R. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - José R. Figueireod
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Dárcio I. A. Teixeira
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
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9
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Kupikowska-Stobba B, Lewińska D. Polymer microcapsules and microbeads as cell carriers for in vivo biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1536-1574. [PMID: 32110789 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer microcarriers are being extensively explored as cell delivery vehicles in cell-based therapies and hybrid tissue and organ engineering. Spherical microcarriers are of particular interest due to easy fabrication and injectability. They include microbeads, composed of a porous matrix, and microcapsules, where matrix core is additionally covered with a semipermeable membrane. Microcarriers provide cell containment at implantation site and protect the cells from host immunoresponse, degradation and shear stress. Immobilized cells may be genetically altered to release a specific therapeutic product directly at the target site, eliminating side effects of systemic therapies. Cell microcarriers need to fulfil a number of extremely high standards regarding their biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, immunoisolating capacity, transport, mechanical and chemical properties. To obtain cell microcarriers of specified parameters, a wide variety of polymers, both natural and synthetic, and immobilization methods can be applied. Yet so far, only a few approaches based on cell-laden microcarriers have reached clinical trials. The main issue that still impedes progress of these systems towards clinical application is limited cell survival in vivo. Herein, we review polymer biomaterials and methods used for fabrication of cell microcarriers for in vivo biomedical applications. We describe their key limitations and modifications aiming at improvement of microcarrier in vivo performance. We also present the main applications of polymer cell microcarriers in regenerative medicine, pancreatic islet and hepatocyte transplantation and in the treatment of cancer. Lastly, we outline the main challenges in cell microimmobilization for biomedical purposes, the strategies to overcome these issues and potential future improvements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Laboratory of Electrostatic Methods of Bioencapsulation, Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnological Systems, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lewińska
- Laboratory of Electrostatic Methods of Bioencapsulation, Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnological Systems, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Fitzsimmons REB, Ireland RG, Zhong A, Soos A, Simmons CA. Assessment of fibrin-collagen co-gels for generating microvessels ex vivousing endothelial cell-lined microfluidics and multipotent stromal cell (MSC)-induced capillary morphogenesis. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33086195 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc38f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One aspect of the challenge of engineering viable tissues ex vivo is the generation of perfusable microvessels of varying diameters. In this work, we take the approach of using hydrogel-based microfluidics seeded with endothelial cells (ECs) to form small artery/vein-like vessels, in conjunction with using the self-assembly behavior of ECs to form capillary-like vessels when co-cultured with multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). In exploring this approach, we focused on investigating collagen, fibrin, and various collagen-fibrin co-gel formulations for their potential suitability as serving as scaffold materials by surveying their angiogencity and mechanical properties. Fibrin and co-gels successfully facilitated multicellular EC sprouting, whereas collagen elicited a migration response of individual ECs, unless supplemented with the PKC (protein kinase C)-activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Collagen scaffolds were also found to severely contract when embedded with mesenchymal cells, but this contraction could be abrogated with the addition of fibrin. Increasing collagen content within co-gel formulations, however, imparted a higher compressive modulus and allowed for the reliable formation of intact hydrogel-based microchannels which could then be perfused. Given the bioactivity and mechanical benefits of fibrin and collagen, respectively, collagen-fibrin co-gels are a promising scaffold option for generating vascularized tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross E B Fitzsimmons
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Ronald G Ireland
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Aileen Zhong
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Agnes Soos
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
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11
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Coradin T, Wang K, Law T, Trichet L. Type I Collagen-Fibrin Mixed Hydrogels: Preparation, Properties and Biomedical Applications. Gels 2020; 6:E36. [PMID: 33092154 PMCID: PMC7709698 DOI: 10.3390/gels6040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen and fibrin are two essential proteins in tissue regeneration and have been widely used for the design of biomaterials. While they both form hydrogels via fibrillogenesis, they have distinct biochemical features, structural properties and biological functions which make their combination of high interest. A number of protocols to obtain such mixed gels have been described in the literature that differ in the sequence of mixing/addition of the various reagents. Experimental and modelling studies have suggested that such co-gels consist of an interpenetrated structure where the two proteins networks have local interactions only. Evidences have been accumulated that immobilized cells respond not only to the overall structure of the co-gels but can also exhibit responses specific to each of the proteins. Among the many biomedical applications of such type I collagen-fibrin mixed gels, those requiring the co-culture of two cell types with distinct affinity for these proteins, such as vascularization of tissue engineering constructs, appear particularly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Coradin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (K.W.); (T.L.); (L.T.)
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12
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Friend NE, Rioja AY, Kong YP, Beamish JA, Hong X, Habif JC, Bezenah JR, Deng CX, Stegemann JP, Putnam AJ. Injectable pre-cultured tissue modules catalyze the formation of extensive functional microvasculature in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15562. [PMID: 32968145 PMCID: PMC7511337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Revascularization of ischemic tissues is a major barrier to restoring tissue function in many pathologies. Delivery of pro-angiogenic factors has shown some benefit, but it is difficult to recapitulate the complex set of factors required to form stable vasculature. Cell-based therapies and pre-vascularized tissues have shown promise, but the former require time for vascular assembly in situ while the latter require invasive surgery to implant vascularized scaffolds. Here, we developed cell-laden fibrin microbeads that can be pre-cultured to form primitive vascular networks within the modular structures. These microbeads can be delivered in a minimally invasive manner and form functional microvasculature in vivo. Microbeads containing endothelial cells and stromal fibroblasts were pre-cultured for 3 days in vitro and then injected within a fibrin matrix into subcutaneous pockets on the dorsal flanks of SCID mice. Vessels deployed from these pre-cultured microbeads formed functional connections to host vasculature within 3 days and exhibited extensive, mature vessel coverage after 7 days in vivo. Cellular microbeads showed vascularization potential comparable to bulk cellular hydrogels in this pilot study. Furthermore, our findings highlight some potentially advantageous characteristics of pre-cultured microbeads, such as volume preservation and vascular network distribution, which may be beneficial for treating ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Friend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ana Y Rioja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Yen P Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Beamish
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Xiaowei Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Julia C Habif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jonathan R Bezenah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Cheri X Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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13
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Ichanti H, Sladic S, Kalies S, Haverich A, Andrée B, Hilfiker A. Characterization of Tissue Engineered Endothelial Cell Networks in Composite Collagen-Agarose Hydrogels. Gels 2020; 6:gels6030027. [PMID: 32899293 PMCID: PMC7559300 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds constitute an important element in vascularized tissues and are therefore investigated for providing the desired mechanical stability and enabling vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In this study, supplementation of hydrogels containing either MatrigelTM and rat tail collagen I (MatrigelTM/rCOL) or human collagen (hCOL) with SeaPlaqueTM agarose were analyzed with regard to construct thickness and formation and characteristics of endothelial cell (EC) networks compared to constructs without agarose. Additionally, the effect of increased rCOL content in MatrigelTM/rCOL constructs was studied. An increase of rCOL content from 1 mg/mL to 3 mg/mL resulted in an increase of construct thickness by approximately 160%. The high rCOL content, however, impaired the formation of an EC network. The supplementation of MatrigelTM/rCOL with agarose increased the thickness of the hydrogel construct by approximately 100% while supporting the formation of a stable EC network. The use of hCOL/agarose composite hydrogels led to a slight increase in the thickness of the 3D hydrogel construct and supported the formation of a multi-layered EC network compared to control constructs. Our findings suggest that agarose/collagen-based composite hydrogels are promising candidates for tissue engineering of vascularized constructs as cell viability is maintained and the formation of a stable and multi-layered EC network is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Ichanti
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.I.); (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Sanja Sladic
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.I.); (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.I.); (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Birgit Andrée
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.I.); (S.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (A.H.); Tel.: +49-511-532-8913 (B.A.); +49-511-532-8998 (A.H.)
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.I.); (S.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (A.H.); Tel.: +49-511-532-8913 (B.A.); +49-511-532-8998 (A.H.)
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14
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Kaarj K, Madias M, Akarapipad P, Cho S, Yoon JY. Paper-based in vitro tissue chip for delivering programmed mechanical stimuli of local compression and shear flow. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:20. [PMID: 32742306 PMCID: PMC7385864 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mechanical stimuli play important roles on the growth, development, and behavior of tissue. A simple and novel paper-based in vitro tissue chip was developed that can deliver two types of mechanical stimuli-local compression and shear flow-in a programmed manner. Rat vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) were patterned on collagen-coated nitrocellulose paper to create a tissue chip. Localized compression and shear flow were introduced by simply tapping and bending the paper chip in a programmed manner, utilizing an inexpensive servo motor controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and powered by batteries. All electrical compartments and a paper-based tissue chip were enclosed in a single 3D-printed enclosure, allowing the whole device to be independently placed within an incubator. This simple device effectively simulated in vivo conditions and induced successful RVEC migration in as early as 5 h. The developed device provides an inexpensive and flexible alternative for delivering mechanical stimuli to other in vitro tissue models. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattika Kaarj
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Marianne Madias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | | | - Soohee Cho
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
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15
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Rambøl MH, Han E, Niklason LE. Microvessel Network Formation and Interactions with Pancreatic Islets in Three-Dimensional Chip Cultures. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:556-568. [PMID: 31724494 PMCID: PMC7249478 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic islet is a highly vascularized micro-organ, and rapid revascularization postislet transplantation is important for islet survival and function. However, the various mechanisms involved in islet revascularization are not fully understood, and we currently lack good in vitro platforms to explore this. Our aim for this study was to generate perfusable microvascular networks in a microfluidic chip device, in which islets could be easily integrated, to establish an in vitro platform for investigations on islet-microvasculature interactions. We compared the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts to support microvascular network formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial colony-forming cell in two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of angiogenesis, and tested the effect of different culture media on microvessel formation. HUVECs that were supported by MSCs formed patent and perfusable networks in a fibrin gel, whereas networks supported by fibroblasts rapidly regressed. Network morphology could be controlled by adjusting relative cell numbers and densities. Incorporation of isolated rat islets demonstrated that islets recruit local microvasculature in vitro, but that the microvessels did not invade islets, at least during the course of these studies. This in vitro microvascularization platform can provide a useful tool to study how various parameters affect islet integration with microvascular networks and could also be utilized for studies of vascularization of other organ systems. Impact statement To improve pancreatic islet graft survival and function posttransplantation, rapid and adequate revascularization is critical. Efforts to improve islet revascularization are demanding due to an insufficient understanding of the mechanisms involved in the process. We have applied a microfluidics platform to generate microvascular networks, and by incorporating pancreatic islets, we were able to study microvasculature-islet interactions in real time. This platform can provide a useful tool to study islet integration with microvascular networks, and could be utilized for studies of vascularization of other organ systems. Moreover, this work may be adapted toward developing a prevascularized islet construct for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia H. Rambøl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edward Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Tao F, Sayo K, Sugimoto K, Aoki S, Kojima N. Development of a tunable method to generate various three-dimensional microstructures by replenishing macromolecules such as extracellular matrix components and polysaccharides. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6567. [PMID: 32300241 PMCID: PMC7162899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids (spheroids) are expected to be a promising approach to mimic in vivo organ functions and cell microenvironments. However, conventional spheroids do not fully consider the existence of extracellular matrices (ECMs). In this study, we developed a tunable method for replenishing macromolecules, including ECM components and polysaccharides, into spheroids without compromising cell viability by injecting a microvolume cell suspension into a high density of methylcellulose dissolved in the culture medium. Adjusting the ECM concentration in the cell suspension enabled the generation of different three-dimensional microstructures, such as "ECM gel capsules", which contained individually separated cells, and "ECM-loaded spheroids", which had thin ECM layers between cells. ECM-loaded spheroids with a 30-fold dilution of Matrigel (0.3 mg/ml) showed significantly higher albumin secretion than control spheroids composed of Hep G2 or HuH-7 cells. Additionally, the expression levels of major CYP genes were decreased in ECM gel capsules with undiluted Matrigel (9 mg/ml) compared to those in control spheroids. However, 0.3 mg/ml Matrigel did not disrupt gene expression. Furthermore, cell polarity associated with tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Claudin-1) and the transporter protein MRP2 was markedly induced by using 0.3 mg/ml Matrigel. Thus, high-performance three-dimensional tissues fabricated by this method are applicable to increasing the efficiency of drug screening and to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Tao
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanae Sayo
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugimoto
- Solution Division, Quality Assurance and Customer Support Center, Life Innovation Business Headquarters, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Aoki
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kojima
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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17
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Nilforoushzadeh MA, Sisakht MM, Amirkhani MA, Seifalian AM, Banafshe HR, Verdi J, Nouradini M. Engineered skin graft with stromal vascular fraction cells encapsulated in fibrin–collagen hydrogel: A clinical study for diabetic wound healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:424-440. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahsa Mollapour Sisakht
- Skin and Stem Cell Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Applied Cell Sciences DepartmentKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Amirkhani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of ExcellenceTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd)The London BioScience Innovation Centre London UK
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Applied Cell Sciences DepartmentKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
- Physiology Research CenterKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Applied Cell Sciences DepartmentKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Nouradini
- Applied Cell Sciences DepartmentKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
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18
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Pinto Y, Alves KA, Alves BG, Souza SS, Brandão FAS, Lima LF, Freitas VJF, Rodrigues APR, Figueiredo JR, Gastal EL, Teixeira DIA. Heterotopic ovarian allotransplantation in goats: Preantral follicle viability and tissue remodeling. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 215:106310. [PMID: 32216933 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate implantation site favors angiogenesis and avoids ovarian tissue damage after tissue grafting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) sites for ovarian grafts in goats by evaluating follicular morphology and activation, preantral follicle and stromal cell densities, tissue DNA fragmentation, collagen types I and III depositions, and graft revascularizations. Ovarian cortical tissue was transplanted in IM or SC sites and recovered 7 or 15 days post-transplantation. There was a greater percentage of developing follicles and lesser follicular and stromal cell densities in all grafted tissues as compared to ovarian tissues of the control group. The stromal cell density and percentage of normal follicles were positively associated. At 15 days post-transplantation, tissues at the SC and IM sites had similar amounts of DNA fragmentation and type III collagen content. In contrast, tissues at the SC, as compared with IM site, had greater abundances of collagen type I. Furthermore, there was a positive association between collagen type I and percentage of morphologically normal follicles post-transplantation. In addition to a marked decrease in follicular density 15 days post-transplantation in ovarian grafts at the SC and IM sites, low percentages of normal follicles and follicular activation were observed similarly in both transplantation sites. There were also positive associations of stromal cell density and abundance of type I collagen fibers with the percentage of intact follicles in grafted ovarian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Pinto
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Kele A Alves
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Benner G Alves
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Samara S Souza
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A S Brandão
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Laritza F Lima
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vicente J F Freitas
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
| | - Dárcio I A Teixeira
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging Applied to Animal Reproduction, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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19
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Ehsanipour A, Nguyen T, Aboufadel T, Sathialingam M, Cox P, Xiao W, Walthers CM, Seidlits SK. Injectable, Hyaluronic Acid-Based Scaffolds with Macroporous Architecture for Gene Delivery. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:399-413. [PMID: 31719923 PMCID: PMC6816628 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biomaterials can provide localized reservoirs for controlled release of therapeutic biomolecules and drugs for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As carriers of gene-based therapies, biomaterial scaffolds can improve efficiency and delivery-site localization of transgene expression. Controlled delivery of gene therapy vectors from scaffolds requires cell-scale macropores to facilitate rapid host cell infiltration. Recently, advanced methods have been developed to form injectable scaffolds containing cell-scale macropores. However, relative efficacy of in vivo gene delivery from scaffolds formulated using these general approaches has not been previously investigated. Using two of these methods, we fabricated scaffolds based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and compared how their unique, macroporous architectures affected their respective abilities to deliver transgenes via lentiviral vectors in vivo. METHODS Three types of scaffolds-nanoporous HA hydrogels (NP-HA), annealed HA microparticles (HA-MP) and nanoporous HA hydrogels containing protease-degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microparticles as sacrificial porogens (PEG-MP)-were loaded with lentiviral particles encoding reporter transgenes and injected into mouse mammary fat. Scaffolds were evaluated for their ability to induce rapid infiltration of host cells and subsequent transgene expression. RESULTS Cell densities in scaffolds, distances into which cells penetrated scaffolds, and transgene expression levels significantly increased with delivery from HA-MP, compared to NP-HA and PEG-MP, scaffolds. Nearly 8-fold greater cell densities and up to 16-fold greater transgene expression levels were found in HA-MP, over NP-HA, scaffolds. Cell profiling revealed that within HA-MP scaffolds, macrophages (F4/80+), fibroblasts (ERTR7+) and endothelial cells (CD31+) were each present and expressed delivered transgene. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that injectable scaffolds containing cell-scale macropores in an open, interconnected architecture support rapid host cell infiltration to improve efficiency of biomaterial-mediated gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Ehsanipour
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tommy Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tasha Aboufadel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Mayilone Sathialingam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Phillip Cox
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Weikun Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Christopher M. Walthers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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20
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Wu Z, Hong Y. Combination of the Silver-Ethylene Interaction and 3D Printing To Develop Antibacterial Superporous Hydrogels for Wound Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33734-33747. [PMID: 31436081 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to insufficient biomedical functions of hydrogels for wound management, the exploitation of available methods to expand the biomedical functions of hydrogels always becomes the cutting-edge research. Here, we report on the use of the silver-ethylene interaction and 3D printing technique to develop the antibacterial superporous polyacrylamide (PAM)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrogel dressings. Experiments demonstrated that the silver-ethylene interaction played significant roles in mediating the formation, dispersion, and cross-linking of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the hydrogel matrix as well as the cross-linking of the PAM networks. At the same time, such organometallic complexes also controlled the release of AgNPs to balance the cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the AgNP-cross-linked hydrogels. On the other hand, the use of 3D printed templates and HPMC as the pore-making materials demonstrated could tailor hydrogels into 91.4% porosity and the formed pores into open channels, endowing hydrogels with rapid water uptake rate and 14 times dead-weight of uptake capacity. Furthermore, experiments showed that the regular large pores arisen from 3D printed templates could buffer the swelling of superporous hydrogel dressings, thus decreasing the detachment risk of dressings from wounds. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the AgNP-cross-linked superporous hydrogel dressings could promote the healing of the infected wounds and restrain scar tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 610064 , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Youliang Hong
- National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 610064 , Chengdu , P. R. China
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21
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Ramaswamy AK, Sides RE, Cunnane EM, Lorentz KL, Reines LM, Vorp DA, Weinbaum JS. Adipose-derived stromal cell secreted factors induce the elastogenesis cascade within 3D aortic smooth muscle cell constructs. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 4:100014. [PMID: 33543011 PMCID: PMC7852215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Elastogenesis within the medial layer of the aortic wall involves a cascade of events orchestrated primarily by smooth muscle cells, including transcription of elastin and a cadre of elastin chaperone matricellular proteins, deposition and cross-linking of tropoelastin coacervates, and maturation of extracellular matrix fiber structures to form mechanically competent vascular tissue. Elastic fiber disruption is associated with aortic aneurysm; in aneurysmal disease a thin and weakened wall leads to a high risk of rupture if left untreated, and non-surgical treatments for small aortic aneurysms are currently limited. This study analyzed the effect of adipose-derived stromal cell secreted factors on each step of the smooth muscle cell elastogenesis cascade within a three-dimensional fibrin gel culture platform. Approach and results We demonstrate that adipose-derived stromal cell secreted factors induce an increase in smooth muscle cell transcription of tropoelastin, fibrillin-1, and chaperone proteins fibulin-5, lysyl oxidase, and lysyl oxidase-like 1, formation of extracellular elastic fibers, insoluble elastin and collagen protein fractions in dynamically-active 30-day constructs, and a mechanically competent matrix after 30 days in culture. Conclusion Our results reveal a potential avenue for an elastin-targeted small aortic aneurysm therapeutic, acting as a supplement to the currently employed passive monitoring strategy. Additionally, the elastogenesis analysis workflow explored here could guide future mechanistic studies of elastin formation, which in turn could lead to new non-surgical treatment strategies. Stromal cells stimulate smooth muscle cells (SMC) using paracrine signals. Stimulated SMC make RNA for both elastin and associated proteins. After protein synthesis, new elastic fibers form that contain insoluble elastin. Stromal cell products could promote elastin production in vivo.
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Key Words
- AA, aortic aneurysm
- ACA, epsilon-amino caproic acid
- ASC, adipose-derived stromal cell
- ASC-SF, ASC secreted factors
- Aneurysm
- Aorta
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Elastin
- Extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- LOX, lysyl oxidase
- LOXL-1, LOX-like 1
- LTBP, latent TGF-β binding protein
- NCM, non-conditioned media
- NT, no treatment
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- RT, reverse transcriptase
- SMC, smooth muscle cell
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- Vascular regeneration
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh K. Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Sides
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eoghan M. Cunnane
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine L. Lorentz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Leila M. Reines
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - David A. Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Justin S. Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Corresponding author at: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Center for Bioengineering, Suite 300, 300 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America.
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22
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Bezenah JR, Rioja AY, Juliar B, Friend N, Putnam AJ. Assessing the ability of human endothelial cells derived from induced-pluripotent stem cells to form functional microvasculature in vivo. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:415-426. [PMID: 30414271 PMCID: PMC6322937 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Forming functional blood vessel networks is a major clinical challenge in the fields of tissue engineering and therapeutic angiogenesis. Cell-based strategies to promote neovascularization have been widely explored, but cell sourcing remains a significant limitation. Induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) are a promising, potentially autologous, alternative cell source. However, it is unclear whether iPSC-ECs form the same robust microvasculature in vivo documented for other EC sources. In this study, we utilized a well-established in vivo model, in which ECs (iPSC-EC or human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVEC]) were coinjected with normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) and a fibrin matrix into the dorsal flank of severe combined immunodeficiency mice to assess their ability to form functional microvasculature. Qualitatively, iPSC-ECs were capable of vessel formation and perfusion and demonstrated similar vessel morphologies to HUVECs. However, quantitatively, iPSC-ECs exhibited a two-fold reduction in vessel density and a three-fold reduction in the number of perfused vessels compared with HUVECs. Further analysis revealed the presence of collagen-IV and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly lower around iPSC-EC/NHLF vasculature than in HUVEC/NHLF implants, suggesting reduced vessel maturity. Collectively, these results demonstrate the need for increased iPSC-EC maturation for clinical translation to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Bezenah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48109
| | - Ana Y. Rioja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48109
| | - Benjamin Juliar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48109
| | - Nicole Friend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48109
| | - Andrew J. Putnam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48109
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23
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Ke D, Murphy SV. Current Challenges of Bioprinted Tissues Toward Clinical Translation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 25:1-13. [PMID: 30129878 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This review has a broad overview of the current challenges of bioprinted tissues towards clinical translations and future directions to overcome those challenges. The development of this field has a huge impact on the situation of an insufficient number of organ donors for life-saving organ transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Ke
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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24
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Schöneberg J, De Lorenzi F, Theek B, Blaeser A, Rommel D, Kuehne AJC, Kießling F, Fischer H. Engineering biofunctional in vitro vessel models using a multilayer bioprinting technique. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10430. [PMID: 29992981 PMCID: PMC6041340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of bioprinting have led to the development of perfusable complex structures. However, most of the existing printed vascular channels lack the composition or key structural and physiological features of natural blood vessels or they make use of more easily printable but less biocompatible hydrogels. Here, we use a drop-on-demand bioprinting technique to generate in vitro blood vessel models, consisting of a continuous endothelium imitating the tunica intima, an elastic smooth muscle cell layer mimicking the tunica media, and a surrounding fibrous and collagenous matrix of fibroblasts mimicking the tunica adventitia. These vessel models with a wall thickness of up to 425 µm and a diameter of about 1 mm were dynamically cultivated in fluidic bioreactors for up to three weeks under physiological flow conditions. High cell viability (>83%) after printing and the expression of VE-Cadherin, smooth muscle actin, and collagen IV were observed throughout the cultivation period. It can be concluded that the proposed novel technique is suitable to achieve perfusable vessel models with a biofunctional multilayer wall composition. Such structures hold potential for the creation of more physiologically relevant in vitro disease models suitable especially as platforms for the pre-screening of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schöneberg
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Federica De Lorenzi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Theek
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Rommel
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kießling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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25
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Kukumberg M, Yao Y, Goh SH, Neo DJ, Yao JY, Yim EK. Evaluation of the topographical influence on the cellular behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1700217. [PMID: 30766915 PMCID: PMC6370334 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells are important parameters in the endothelialization of biomedical devices for vascular applications. Endothelialization is a complex process affected by endothelial cells and their interaction with the extracellular microenvironment. Although numerous approaches are taken to study the influence of the external environment, a systematic investigation of the impact of an engineered microenvironment on endothelial cell processes is needed. This study aims to investigate the influence of topography, initial cell seeding density, and collagen coating on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Utilizing the MultiARChitecture (MARC) chamber, the effects of various topographies on HUVECs are identified, and those with more prominent effects were further evaluated individually using the MARC plate. Endothelial cell marker expression and monocyte adhesion assay are examined on the HUVEC monolayer. HUVECs on 1.8 μm convex and concave microlens topographies demonstrate the lowest cell adhesion and proliferation, regardless of initial cell seeding density and collagen I coating, and the HUVEC monolayer on the microlens shows the lowest monocyte adhesion. This property of lens topographies would potentially be a useful parameter in designing vascular biomedical devices. The MARC chamber and MARC plate show a great potential for faster and easy pattern identification for various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kukumberg
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Seok Hong Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634, Singapore, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E4, #04-10,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Dawn Jh Neo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411
| | - Jia Yi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E4, #04-10,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Evelyn Kf Yim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E4, #04-10,4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8,1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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26
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Pence JC, Clancy KBH, Harley BAC. Proangiogenic Activity of Endometrial Epithelial and Stromal Cells in Response to Estradiol in Gelatin Hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1. [PMID: 29230433 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial vascularization remains a major focus in the field of tissue engineering. Biomaterial culture of endometrial cells is described as a platform to inform the design of proangiogenic biomaterials. The endometrium undergoes rapid growth and shedding of dense vascular networks during each menstrual cycle mediated via estradiol and progesterone in vivo. Cocultures of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells encapsulated within a methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel are employed. It is reported that proangiogenic gene expression profiles and vascular endothelial growth factor production are hormone dependent in endometrial epithelial cells, but that hormone signals have no effect on human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized endometrial stromal cells. This study subsequently examines whether the magnitude of epithelial cell response is sufficient to induce changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cell network formation. Incorporation of endometrial stromal cells improves vessel formation, but co-culture with endometrial epithelial cells leads to a decrease in vascular formation, suggesting the need for stratified cocultures of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells with endothelial cells. Given the transience of hormonal signals within 3D biomaterials, the inclusion of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) to alter the bioavailability of estradiol within the hydrogel is reported, demonstrating a strategy to reduce diffusive losses via SHBG-mediated estradiol sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn C Pence
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn B H Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 607 S. Mathews St, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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27
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Akintewe OO, Roberts EG, Rim NG, Ferguson MA, Wong JY. Design Approaches to Myocardial and Vascular Tissue Engineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:389-414. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olukemi O. Akintewe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;, ,
| | - Erin G. Roberts
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;,
| | - Nae-Gyune Rim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;, ,
| | - Michael A.H. Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;, ,
| | - Joyce Y. Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;, ,
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;,
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28
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Rioja AY, Daley ELH, Habif JC, Putnam AJ, Stegemann JP. Distributed vasculogenesis from modular agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:144-152. [PMID: 28365482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia impairs circulation to the extremities, causing pain, disrupted wound healing, and potential tissue necrosis. Therapeutic angiogenesis seeks to repair the damaged microvasculature directly to restore blood flow. In this study, we developed modular, micro-scale constructs designed to possess robust handling qualities, allow in vitro pre-culture, and promote microvasculature formation. The microbead matrix consisted of an agarose (AG) base to prevent aggregation, combined with cell-adhesive components of fibrinogen (FGN) and/or hydroxyapatite (HA). Microbeads encapsulating a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts were prepared and characterized. Microbeads were generally 80-100µm in diameter, and the size increased with the addition of FGN and HA. Addition of HA increased the yield of microbeads, as well as the homogeneity of distribution of FGN within the matrix. Cell viability was high in all microbead types. When cell-seeded microbeads were embedded in fibrin hydrogels, HUVEC sprouting and inosculation between neighboring microbeads were observed over seven days. Pre-culture of microbeads for an additional seven days prior to embedding in fibrin resulted in significantly greater HUVEC network length in AG+HA+FGN microbeads, as compared to AG, AG+HA or AG+FGN microbeads. Importantly, composite microbeads resulted in more even and widespread endothelial network formation, relative to control microbeads consisting of pure fibrin. These results demonstrate that AG+HA+FGN microbeads support HUVEC sprouting both within and between adjacent microbeads, and can promote distributed vascularization of an external matrix. Such modular microtissues may have utility in treating ischemic tissue by rapidly re-establishing a microvascular network. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a chronic disease that can lead to tissue necrosis, amputation, and death. Cell-based therapies are being explored to restore blood flow and prevent the complications of CLI. In this study, we developed small, non-aggregating agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads that contained endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Microbeads were easy to handle and culture, and endothelial sprouts formed within and between microbeads. Our data demonstrates that the composition of the microbead matrix altered the degree of endothelial sprouting, and that the addition of hydroxyapatite and fibrinogen resulted in more distributed sprouting compared to pure fibrin microbeads. The microbead format and control of the matrix formulation may therefore be useful in developing revascularization strategies for the treatment of ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y Rioja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ethan L H Daley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Julia C Habif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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29
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Wang Z, Wu D, Zou J, Zhou Q, Liu W, Zhang W, Zhou G, Wang X, Pei G, Cao Y, Zhang ZY. Development of demineralized bone matrix-based implantable and biomimetic microcarrier for stem cell expansion and single-step tissue-engineered bone graft construction. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:62-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered bone grafts (TEBG) using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate great potential for bone defect treatment.
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30
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Chen Y, Sun Z, Li Y, Hong Y. Preparation and biological effects of apatite nanosheet-constructed porous ceramics. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:807-816. [PMID: 32263849 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A kind of apatite nanosheet-constructed porous ceramics could mediate the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Hospital
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Hospital
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Youliang Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
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31
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Tiruvannamalai Annamalai R, Rioja AY, Putnam AJ, Stegemann JP. Vascular Network Formation by Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Modular Fibrin Microtissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1914-1925. [PMID: 29503863 PMCID: PMC5830175 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) are a preferred cell source for autologous revascularization strategies, since they can be harvested and propagated from small tissue biopsies. Biomaterials-based strategies for therapeutic delivery of cells are aimed at tailoring the cellular microenvironment to enhance the delivery, engraftment, and tissue-specific function of transplanted cells. In the present study, we investigated a modular tissue engineering approach to therapeutic revascularization using fibrin-based microtissues containing embedded human MVEC and human fibroblasts (FB). Microtissues were formed using a water-in-oil emulsion process that produced populations of spheroidal tissue modules with a diameter of 100-200 µm. The formation of MVEC sprouts within a fibrin matrix over 7 days in culture was dependent on the presence of FB, with the most robust sprouting occurring at a 1:3 MVEC:FB ratio. Cell viability in microtissues was high (>90%) and significant FB cell proliferation was observed over time in culture. Robust sprouting from microtissues was evident, with larger vessels developing over time and FB acting as pericyte-like cells by enveloping endothelial tubes. These neovessels were shown to form an interconnected vascular plexus over 14 days of culture when microtissues were embedded in a surrounding fibrin hydrogel. Vessel networks exhibited branching and inosculation of sprouts from adjacent microtissues, resulting in MVEC-lined capillaries with hollow lumens. Microtissues maintained in suspension culture aggregated to form larger tissue masses (1-2 mm in diameter) over 7 days. Vessels formed within microtissue aggregates at a 1:1 MVEC:FB ratio were small and diffuse, whereas the 1:3 MVEC:FB ratio produced large and highly interconnected vessels by day 14. This study highlights the utility of human MVEC as a cell source for revascularization strategies, and suggests that the ratio of endothelial to support cells can be used to tailor vessel characteristics. The modular microtissue format may allow minimally invasive delivery of populations of prevascularized microtissues for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Y. Rioja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Andrew J. Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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32
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Wise JK, Alford AI, Goldstein SA, Stegemann JP. Synergistic enhancement of ectopic bone formation by supplementation of freshly isolated marrow cells with purified MSC in collagen-chitosan hydrogel microbeads. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:516-525. [PMID: 26337827 PMCID: PMC4864208 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1072519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate osteogenic lineages, but their tissue regeneration ability is inconsistent. The bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) fraction of adult bone marrow contains a variety of progenitor cells that may potentiate tissue regeneration. This study examined the utility of BMMC, both alone and in combination with purified MSC, as a cell source for bone regeneration. METHODS Fresh BMMC, culture-expanded MSC, and a combination of BMMC and MSC were encapsulated in collagen-chitosan hydrogel microbeads for pre-culture and minimally invasive delivery. Microbeads were cultured in growth medium for 3 days, and then in either growth or osteogenic medium for 17 days prior to subcutaneous injection in the rat dorsum. RESULTS MSC remained viable in microbeads over 17 days in pre-culture, while some of the BMMC fraction were nonviable. After 5 weeks of implantation, microCT and histology showed that supplementation of BMMC with MSC produced a strong synergistic effect on the volume of ectopic bone formation, compared to either cell source alone. Microbeads containing only fresh BMMC or only cultured MSC maintained in osteogenic medium resulted in more bone formation than their counterparts cultured in growth medium. Histological staining showed evidence of residual microbead matrix in undifferentiated samples and indications of more advanced tissue remodeling in differentiated samples. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that components of the BMMC fraction can act synergistically with predifferentiated MSC to potentiate ectopic bone formation. The microbead system may have utility in delivering desired cell populations in bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel K. Wise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea I. Alford
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven A. Goldstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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33
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Sang J, Li X, Shao Y, Li Z, Fu J. Controlled Tubular Unit Formation from Collagen Film for Modular Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:2860-2868. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Sang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zida Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research
in Critical Care, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel
Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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34
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Green DW, Lee JS, Jung HS. Small-Scale Fabrication of Biomimetic Structures for Periodontal Regeneration. Front Physiol 2016; 7:6. [PMID: 26903872 PMCID: PMC4751709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontium is the supporting tissues for the tooth organ and is vulnerable to destruction, arising from overpopulating pathogenic bacteria and spirochaetes. The presence of microbes together with host responses can destroy large parts of the periodontium sometimes leading tooth loss. Permanent tissue replacements are made possible with tissue engineering techniques. However, existing periodontal biomaterials cannot promote proper tissue architectures, necessary tissue volumes within the periodontal pocket and a "water-tight" barrier, to become clinically acceptable. New kinds of small-scale engineered biomaterials, with increasing biological complexity are needed to guide proper biomimetic regeneration of periodontal tissues. So the ability to make compound structures with small modules, filled with tissue components, is a promising design strategy for simulating the anatomical complexity of the periodotium attachment complexes along the tooth root and the abutment with the tooth collar. Anatomical structures such as, intima, adventitia, and special compartments such as the epithelial cell rests of Malassez or a stellate reticulum niche need to be engineered from the start of regeneration to produce proper periodontium replacement. It is our contention that the positioning of tissue components at the origin is also necessary to promote self-organizing cell-cell connections, cell-matrix connections. This leads to accelerated, synchronized and well-formed tissue architectures and anatomies. This strategy is a highly effective preparation for tackling periodontitis, periodontium tissue resorption, and to ultimately prevent tooth loss. Furthermore, such biomimetic tissue replacements will tackle problems associated with dental implant support and perimimplantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Green
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, South Korea
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, South Korea
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, Hong Kong
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35
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Tiruvannamalai Annamalai R, Mertz DR, Daley ELH, Stegemann JP. Collagen Type II enhances chondrogenic differentiation in agarose-based modular microtissues. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:263-77. [PMID: 26794716 PMCID: PMC4724061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cell-based therapies have made an impact on the treatment of osteoarthritis; however, the repair and regeneration of thick cartilage defects is an important and growing clinical problem. Next-generation therapies that combine cells with biomaterials may provide improved outcomes. We have developed modular microenvironments that mimic the composition of articular cartilage as a delivery system for consistently differentiated cells. METHODS Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were embedded in modular microbeads consisting of agarose (AG) supplemented with 0%, 10% and 20% collagen Type II (COL-II) using a water-in-oil emulsion technique. AG and AG/COL-II microbeads were characterized in terms of their structural integrity, size distribution and protein content. The viability of embedded MSC and their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages over 3 weeks in culture were also assessed. RESULTS Microbeads made with <20% COL-II were robust, generally spheroidal in shape and 80 ± 10 µm in diameter. MSC viability in microbeads was consistently high over a week in culture, whereas viability in corresponding bulk hydrogels decreased with increasing COL-II content. Osteogenic differentiation of MSC was modestly supported in both AG and AG/COL-II microbeads, whereas adipogenic differentiation was strongly inhibited in COL-II containing microbeads. Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC was clearly promoted in microbeads containing COL-II, compared with pure AG matrices. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of collagen Type II in agarose matrices in microbead format can potentiate chondrogenic differentiation of human MSC. Such compositionally tailored microtissues may find utility for cell delivery in next-generation cartilage repair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ethan L H Daley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Rioja AY, Tiruvannamalai Annamalai R, Paris S, Putnam AJ, Stegemann JP. Endothelial sprouting and network formation in collagen- and fibrin-based modular microbeads. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:33-41. [PMID: 26481042 PMCID: PMC4681647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A modular tissue engineering approach may have advantages over current therapies in providing rapid and sustained revascularization of ischemic tissue. In this study, modular protein microbeads were prepared from pure fibrin (FIB) and collagen-fibrin composites (COL-FIB) using a simple water-in-oil emulsification technique. Human endothelial cells and fibroblasts were embedded directly in the microbead matrix. The resulting microbeads were generally spheroidal with a diameter of 100-200μm. Cell viability was high (75-80% viable) in microbeads, but was marginally lower than in bulk hydrogels of corresponding composition (85-90% viable). Cell proliferation was significantly greater in COL-FIB microbeads after two weeks in culture, compared to pure FIB microbeads. Upon embedding of microbeads in a surrounding fibrin hydrogel, endothelial cell networks formed inside the microbead matrix and extended into the surrounding matrix. The number of vessel segments, average segment length, and number of branch points was higher in FIB samples, compared to COL-FIB samples, resulting in significantly longer total vessel networks. Anastomosis of vessel networks from adjacent microbeads was also observed. These studies demonstrate that primitive vessel networks can be formed by modular protein microbeads containing embedded endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Such microbeads may find utility as prevascularized tissue modules that can be delivered minimally invasively as a therapy to restore blood flow to ischemic tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Vascularization is critically important for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and materials that support and/or promote neovascularization are of value both for translational applications and for mechanistic studies and discovery-based research. Therefore, we fabricated small modular microbeads formulated from pure fibrin (FIB) and collagen-fibrin (COL-FIB) containing endothelial cells and supportive fibroblasts. We explored how cells encapsulated within these materials form microvessel-like networks both within and outside of the microbeads when embedded in larger 3D matrices. FIB microbeads were found to initiate more extensive sprouting into the surrounding ECM in vitro. These results represent an important step towards our goal of developing injectable biomaterial modules containing preformed vascular units that can rapidly restore vascularization to an ischemic tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y Rioja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | | | - Spencer Paris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States.
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States.
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Cell-laden Polymeric Microspheres for Biomedical Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:653-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Pence JC, Clancy KBH, Harley BAC. The induction of pro-angiogenic processes within a collagen scaffold via exogenous estradiol and endometrial epithelial cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:2185-94. [PMID: 25944769 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient transport remains a major limitation in the design of biomaterials. One approach to overcome this constraint is to incorporate features to induce angiogenesis-mediated microvasculature formation. Angiogenesis requires a temporal presentation of both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors to achieve stable vasculature, leading to increasingly complex biomaterial design scheme. The endometrium, the lining of the uterus and site of embryo implantation, exemplifies a non-pathological model of rapid growth, shedding, and re-growth of dense vascular networks regulated by the dynamic actions of estradiol and progesterone. In this study, we examined the individual and combined response of endometrial epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells to exogenous estradiol within a three-dimensional collagen scaffold. While endothelial cells did not respond to exogenous estradiol, estradiol directly stimulated endometrial epithelial cell transduction pathways and resulted in dose-dependent increases in endogenous VEGF production. Co-culture experiments using conditioned media demonstrated estradiol stimulation of endometrial epithelial cells can induce functional changes in endothelial cells within the collagen biomaterial. We also report the effect of direct endometrial epithelial and endothelial co-culture as well as covalent immobilization of estradiol within the collagen biomaterial. These efforts establish the suitability of an endometrial-inspired model for promoting pro-angiogenic events within regenerative medicine applications. These results also suggest the potential for developing biomaterial-based models of the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn C Pence
- Department of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kathryn B H Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois. .,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.
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