1
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Chavez-Pineda OG, Rodriguez-Moncayo R, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Maravillas-Montero JL, Garcia-Cordero JL. Portable platform for leukocyte extraction from blood using sheath-free microfluidic DLD. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2575-2589. [PMID: 38646820 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Leukocyte count is routinely performed for diagnostic purposes and is rapidly emerging as a significant biomarker for a wide array of diseases. Additionally, leukocytes have demonstrated considerable promise in novel cell-based immunotherapies. However, the direct retrieval of leukocytes from whole blood is a significant challenge due to their low abundance compared to erythrocytes. Here, we introduce a microfluidic-based platform that isolates and recovers leukocytes from diluted whole blood in a single step. Our platform utilizes a novel, sheathless method to initially sediment and focus blood cells into a dense stream while flowing through a tubing before entering the microfluidic device. A hexagonal-shaped structure, patterned at the device's inlet, directs all the blood cells against the channel's outer walls. The focused cells are then separated based on their size using the deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic technique. We evaluated various parameters that could influence leukocyte separation, including different focusing structures (assessed both computationally and experimentally), the orientation of the tubing-chip interface, the effects of blood sample hematocrit (dilution), and flow rate. Our device demonstrated the ability to isolate leukocytes from diluted blood with a separation efficiency of 100%, a recovery rate of 76%, and a purity of 80%, while maintaining a cell viability of 98%. The device operates for over 30 min at a flow rate of 2 μL min-1. Furthermore, we developed a handheld pressure controller to drive fluid flow, enhancing the operability of our platform outside of central laboratories and enabling near-patient testing. Our platform can be integrated with downstream cell-based assays and analytical methods that require high leukocyte purity (80%), ranging from cell counting to diagnostics and cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana G Chavez-Pineda
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Moncayo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Alan M Gonzalez-Suarez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jose L Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City14080, Mexico
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland.
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2
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Zhang T, Di Carlo D, Lim CT, Zhou T, Tian G, Tang T, Shen AQ, Li W, Li M, Yang Y, Goda K, Yan R, Lei C, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Passive microfluidic devices for cell separation. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108317. [PMID: 38220118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The separation of specific cell populations is instrumental in gaining insights into cellular processes, elucidating disease mechanisms, and advancing applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, diagnostics, and cell therapies. Microfluidic methods for cell separation have propelled the field forward, benefitting from miniaturization, advanced fabrication technologies, a profound understanding of fluid dynamics governing particle separation mechanisms, and a surge in interdisciplinary investigations focused on diverse applications. Cell separation methodologies can be categorized according to their underlying separation mechanisms. Passive microfluidic separation systems rely on channel structures and fluidic rheology, obviating the necessity for external force fields to facilitate label-free cell separation. These passive approaches offer a compelling combination of cost-effectiveness and scalability when compared to active methods that depend on external fields to manipulate cells. This review delves into the extensive utilization of passive microfluidic techniques for cell separation, encompassing various strategies such as filtration, sedimentation, adhesion-based techniques, pinched flow fractionation (PFF), deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics, hydrophoresis, viscoelastic microfluidics, and hybrid microfluidics. Besides, the review provides an in-depth discussion concerning cell types, separation markers, and the commercialization of these technologies. Subsequently, it outlines the current challenges faced in the field and presents a forward-looking perspective on potential future developments. This work hopes to aid in facilitating the dissemination of knowledge in cell separation, guiding future research, and informing practical applications across diverse scientific disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Guizhong Tian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruopeng Yan
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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3
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Khan MS, Ali M, Lee SH, Jang KY, Lee SJ, Park J. Acoustofluidic separation of prolate and spherical micro-objects. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38222472 PMCID: PMC10784511 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Most microfluidic separation techniques rely largely on object size as a separation marker. The ability to separate micro-objects based on their shape is crucial in various biomedical and chemical assays. Here, we develop an on-demand, label-free acoustofluidic method to separate prolate ellipsoids from spherical microparticles based on traveling surface acoustic wave-induced acoustic radiation force and torque. The freely rotating non-spherical micro-objects were aligned under the progressive acoustic field by the counterrotating radiation torque, and the major axis of the prolate ellipsoids was parallel to the progressive wave propagation. The specific alignment of the ellipsoidal particles resulted in a reduction in the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the wave propagation. As a consequence, the acoustic backscattering decreased, resulting in a decreased magnitude of the radiation force. Through the variation in radiation force, which depended on the micro-object morphology enabled the acoustofluidic shape-based separation. We conducted numerical simulations for the wave scattering of spherical and prolate objects to elucidate the working mechanism underlying the proposed method. A series of experiments with polystyrene microspheres, prolate ellipsoids, and peanut-shaped microparticles were performed for validation. Through quantitative analysis of the separation efficiency, we confirmed the high purity and high recovery rate of the proposed acoustofluidic shape-based separation of micro-objects. As a bioparticle, we utilize Thalassiosira eccentrica to perform shape-based separation, as the species has a variety of potential applications in drug delivery, biosensing, nanofabrication, bioencapsulation and immunoisolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Soban Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Mushtaq Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ha Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Jang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18323 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18323 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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4
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Pandit P, Kong L, Samuel GL. Design and fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane device for evaluating the effect of pillar geometry and configuration in the flow separation using deterministic lateral displacement. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1563-1575. [PMID: 38179096 PMCID: PMC10763653 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06431j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of microfluidics and the manufacturing of microdevices has led to a strategic change in the biomedical industry. The flow through narrow channels and the pillars are placed strategically, leading to the phenomenon of particle separation through deterministic lateral displacement (DLD). In such a phenomenon, the shape, size, location and orientation of the obstacles play an important role. For the first time, particle separation is achieved with DLD modules having high row shift angles of 25°, 30° and 35°, reducing the number of pillars. The significance of circular and triangular micropillars executing deterministic lateral displacement, oriented at different angles, has been investigated, and it is found that the triangular pillars oriented at 75° resulted in better separation compared to the other configurations. In this report, the fabrication, location, orientation of the micropillars and the selection of appropriate process parameters are detailed. The structures are fabricated on silicon wafers using the standard photolithography process followed by the deep reactive ion etching process. These dies are further used to fabricate the polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic chips. These fabricated devices are characterised by their size, structure and quality using 3D microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Further, blood plasma separation is carried out using the devices fabricated in this work, and the particles at the inlet and outlets are evaluated using microscopy and a novel image processing technique, replacing the use of a hemocytometer. The path traced by the particles at different flow conditions is numerically evaluated and validated with experiments. The novel device is capable of separating blood cells from plasma with a recovery factor varying from 44% to 100%. PDMS-PDMS bonding experiments using oxygen and argon plasma have been carried out to evaluate the maximum bond strength and flow velocity in the devices. It is observed that the oxygen plasma results in a bond strength of 0.404 N mm-1, thus a high throughput of 135.34 μL s-1 is achieved using the fabricated device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Pandit
- Manufacturing Engineering Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu 600036 India
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - G L Samuel
- Manufacturing Engineering Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu 600036 India
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5
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Zhang J, Tang H, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Mesoscopic simulation of multi-scheme particle separation in deterministic lateral displacement devices using two-piece hybrid pillars. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1711:464434. [PMID: 37837711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Pillar shape exploration in deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) technique holds great promise for developing high-performance microfluidic devices with versatile sorting schemes. A recent innovative design using filter-like micropillars was proposed to improve cell separation, but its significance might be greatly underestimated due to an inaccurate understanding of the underlying mechanism. In this study, we employ mesoscopic hydrodynamic simulations to explore the movement and separation of rigid spherical particles in DLD arrays using various two-piece hybrid (TPH) pillars, where each pillar consists of two individual pieces separated by a tunable inter-piece channel. In comparison with the conventional one-piece pillars, the back piece of TPH-pillars is found to hierarchically tailor the flow profile of the front piece on the basis of the row shift fraction and the inter-piece channel width, resulting in unique tunable multi-scheme separation at low, intermediate, and high row shift fractions, respectively. At the intermediate regime, in particular, the first flow lane that determines the critical separation size could be physically fenced out by the inter-piece channel, and a delicate coupling of hydrodynamic filtration and DLD has been revealed to induce a constant critical size in the whole regime. This work theoretically demonstrates the feasibility and significance of TPH-pillars, which may open up a new direction of the geometry design by exploiting rich multi-piece hybrid structures to expand the versatility of the DLD technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haoxiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianchuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zunmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Tan Kwan Zen N, Zeming KK, Teo KL, Loberas M, Lee J, Goh CR, Yang DH, Oh S, Hui Hoi Po J, Cool SM, Hou HW, Han J. Scalable mesenchymal stem cell enrichment from bone marrow aspirate using deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4313-4323. [PMID: 37702123 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in regenerative medicine has opened new avenues for novel cell therapies using stem cells. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) is an important source of stromal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Conventional MSC harvesting from BMA relies on archaic centrifugation methods, often leading to poor yield due to osmotic stress, high centrifugation force, convoluted workflow, and long experimental time (∼2-3 hours). To address these issues, we have developed a scalable microfluidic technology based on deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) for MSC isolation. This passive, label-free cell sorting method capitalizes on the morphological differences between MSCs and blood cells (platelets and RBCs) for effective separation using an inverted L-shaped pillar array. To improve throughput, we developed a novel multi-chip DLD system that can process 2.5 mL of raw BMA in 20 ± 5 minutes, achieving a 2-fold increase in MSC recovery compared to centrifugation methods. Taken together, we envision that the developed DLD platform will enable fast and efficient isolation of MSCs from BMA for effective downstream cell therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tan Kwan Zen
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 138602, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 138602, Singapore
| | - Kim Leng Teo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138668, Singapore
| | - Mavis Loberas
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Jialing Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138668, Singapore
| | - Chin Ren Goh
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 138602, Singapore
| | - Da Hou Yang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 138602, Singapore
| | - Steve Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138668, Singapore
| | - James Hui Hoi Po
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138668, Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Han Wei Hou
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 138602, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 138602, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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Hettiarachchi S, Cha H, Ouyang L, Mudugamuwa A, An H, Kijanka G, Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Recent microfluidic advances in submicron to nanoparticle manipulation and separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:982-1010. [PMID: 36367456 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and separation of submicron and nanoparticles are indispensable in many chemical, biological, medical, and environmental applications. Conventional technologies such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, precipitation and immunoaffinity capture are limited by high cost, low resolution, low purity or the risk of damage to biological particles. Microfluidics can accurately control fluid flow in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometres. Rapid microfluidics advancement has enabled precise sorting and isolating of nanoparticles with better resolution and efficiency than conventional technologies. This paper comprehensively studies the latest progress in microfluidic technology for submicron and nanoparticle manipulation. We first summarise the principles of the traditional techniques for manipulating nanoparticles. Following the classification of microfluidic techniques as active, passive, and hybrid approaches, we elaborate on the physics, device design, working mechanism and applications of each technique. We also compare the merits and demerits of different microfluidic techniques and benchmark them with conventional technologies. Concurrently, we summarise seven standard post-separation detection techniques for nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives on microfluidic technology for nanoparticle manipulation and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samith Hettiarachchi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Lingxi Ouyang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | | | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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8
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Jiang D, Liu S, Tang W. Fabrication and Manipulation of Non-Spherical Particles in Microfluidic Channels: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1659. [PMID: 36296012 PMCID: PMC9611947 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-spherical shape is a general appearance feature for bioparticles. Therefore, a mechanical mechanism study of non-spherical particle migration in a microfluidic chip is essential for more precise isolation of target particles. With the manipulation of non-spherical particles, refined disease detection or medical intervention for human beings will be achievable in the future. In this review, fabrication and manipulation of non-spherical particles are discussed. Firstly, various fabrication methods for non-spherical microparticle are introduced. Then, the active and passive manipulation techniques for non-spherical particles are briefly reviewed, including straight inertial microchannels, secondary flow inertial microchannels and deterministic lateral displacement microchannels with extremely high resolution. Finally, applications of viscoelastic flow are presented which obviously increase the precision of non-spherical particle separation. Although various techniques have been employed to improve the performance of non-spherical particle manipulation, the universal mechanism behind this has not been fully discussed. The aim of this review is to provide a reference for non-spherical particle manipulation study researchers in every detail and inspire thoughts for non-spherical particle focused device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Yuyue Medical Equipment and Supply Co., Ltd., Danyang 212300, China
| | - Shaowei Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenlai Tang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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Current status and outlook of advances in exosome isolation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7123-7141. [PMID: 35962791 PMCID: PMC9375199 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which are an important medium for intercellular communication and are closely related to the progression of certain diseases. Therefore, exosomes are considered promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of specific diseases, and thereby, treatments based on exosomes are being widely examined. For exosome-related research, a rapid, simple, high-purity, and recovery isolation method is the primary prerequisite for exosomal large-scale application in medical practice. Although there are no standardized methods for exosome separation and analysis, various techniques have been established to explore their biochemical and physicochemical properties. In this review, we analyzed the progress in exosomal isolation strategies and proposed our views on the development prospects of various exosomal isolation techniques.
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10
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Zhang T, Liu H, Okano K, Tang T, Inoue K, Yamazaki Y, Kamikubo H, Cain AK, Tanaka Y, Inglis DW, Hosokawa Y, Yaxiaer Y, Li M. Shape-based separation of drug-treated Escherichia coli using viscoelastic microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2801-2809. [PMID: 35642562 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we achieve shape-based separation of drug-treated Escherichia coli (E. coli) by viscoelastic microfluidics. Since shape is critical for modulating biological functions of E. coli, the ability to prepare homogeneous E. coli populations adopting uniform shape or sort bacterial sub-population based on their shape has significant implications for a broad range of biological, biomedical and environmental applications. A proportion of E. coli treated with 1 μg mL-1 of the antibiotic mecillinam were found to exhibit changes in shape from rod to sphere, and the heterogeneous E. coli populations after drug treatment with various aspect ratios (ARs) ranging from 1.0 to 5.5 were used for experiment. We demonstrate that E. coli with a lower AR, i.e., spherical E. coli (AR ≤ 1.5), are directed toward the middle outlet, while rod-shaped E. coli with a higher AR (AR > 1.5) are driven to the side outlets. Further, we demonstrate that the separation performance of the viscoelastic microfluidic device is influenced by two main factors: sheath-to-sample flow rate ratio and the concentration of poly-ethylene-oxide (PEO). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on shape-based separation of a single species of cells smaller than 4 μm by microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zhang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, NSW, Australia.
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Hangrui Liu
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kazunori Okano
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Yamazaki
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Hironari Kamikubo
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Amy K Cain
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, NSW, Australia
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Yalikun Yaxiaer
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, NSW, Australia.
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, NSW, Australia
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11
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Aghajanloo B, Inglis DW, Ejeian F, Tehrani AF, Esfahani MHN, Saghafian M, Canavese G, Marasso SL. Effect of process parameters on separation efficiency in a deterministic lateral displacement device. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Tang H, Niu J, Pan X, Jin H, Lin S, Cui D. Topology Optimization Based Deterministic Lateral Displacement Array Design for Cell Separation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Shi J, Zhao C, Shen M, Chen Z, Liu J, Zhang S, Zhang Z. Combination of microfluidic chips and biosensing for the enrichment of circulating tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:114025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Zhou H, Zhu L, Song J, Wang G, Li P, Li W, Luo P, Sun X, Wu J, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhang Y. Liquid biopsy at the frontier of detection, prognosis and progression monitoring in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:86. [PMID: 35337361 PMCID: PMC8951719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of carcinogenic death. To date, surgical resection is regarded as the gold standard by the operator for clinical decisions. Because conventional tissue biopsy is invasive and only a small sample can sometimes be obtained, it is unable to represent the heterogeneity of tumor or dynamically monitor tumor progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new minimally invasive or noninvasive diagnostic strategy to detect CRC at an early stage and monitor CRC recurrence. Over the past years, a new diagnostic concept called “liquid biopsy” has gained much attention. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive, allowing repeated analysis and real-time monitoring of tumor recurrence, metastasis or therapeutic responses. With the advanced development of new molecular techniques in CRC, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, and tumor-educated platelet (TEP) detection have achieved interesting and inspiring results as the most prominent liquid biopsy markers. In this review, we focused on some clinical applications of CTCs, ctDNA, exosomes and TEPs and discuss promising future applications to solve unmet clinical needs in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Pengzhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xulong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yunze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
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15
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Deterministic Lateral Displacement Microfluidic Chip for Minicell Purification. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030365. [PMID: 35334657 PMCID: PMC8951003 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a well-known microfluidic technique for particle separation with high potential for integration into bioreactors for therapeutic applications. Separation is based on the interaction of suspended particles in a liquid flowing through an array of microposts under low Reynolds conditions. This technique has been used previously to separate living cells of different sizes but similar shapes. Here, we present a DLD microchip to separate rod-shaped bacterial cells up to 10 µm from submicron spherical minicells. We designed two microchips with 50 and 25 µm cylindrical posts and spacing of 15 and 2.5 µm, respectively. Soft lithography was used to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips, which were assessed at different flow rates for their separation potential. The results showed negligible shear effect on the separation efficiency for both designs. However, the higher flow rates resulted in faster separation. We optimized the geometrical parameters including the shape, size, angle and critical radii of the posts and the width and depth of the channel as well as the number of arrays to achieve separation efficiency as high as 75.5% on a single-stage separation. These results pave the way for high-throughput separation and purification modules with the potential of direct integration into bioreactors.
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16
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Liu P, Liu H, Semenec L, Yuan D, Yan S, Cain AK, Li M. Length-based separation of Bacillus subtilis bacterial populations by viscoelastic microfluidics. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35127130 PMCID: PMC8766588 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the label-free continuous separation and enrichment of Bacillus subtilis populations based on length using viscoelastic microfluidics. B. subtilis, a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, has been widely used as a model organism and an industrial workhorse. B. subtilis can be arranged in different morphological forms, such as single rods, chains, and clumps, which reflect differences in cell types, phases of growth, genetic variation, and changing environmental factors. The ability to prepare B. subtilis populations with a uniform length is important for basic biological studies and efficient industrial applications. Here, we systematically investigated how flow rate ratio, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) concentration, and channel length affected the length-based separation of B. subtilis cells. The lateral positions of B. subtilis cells with varying morphologies in a straight rectangular microchannel were found to be dependent on cell length under the co-flow of viscoelastic and Newtonian fluids. Finally, we evaluated the ability of the viscoelastic microfluidic device to separate the two groups of B. subtilis cells by length (i.e., 1-5 μm and >5 μm) in terms of extraction purity (EP), extraction yield (EY), and enrichment factor (EF) and confirmed that the device could separate heterogeneous populations of bacteria using elasto-inertial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Suqian University, Suqian, 223800 China
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Hangrui Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Lucie Semenec
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Dan Yuan
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Sheng Yan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Amy K. Cain
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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17
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Razaulla TM, Young OM, Alsharhan A, Sochol RD, Warren R. Deterministic Lateral Displacement Using Hexagonally Arranged, Bottom-Up-Inspired Micropost Arrays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1949-1957. [PMID: 35040640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Size-based separation of particles in microfluidic devices can be achieved using arrays of micro- or nanoscale posts using a technique known as deterministic lateral displacement (DLD). To date, DLD arrays have been limited to parallelogram or rotated-square arrangements of posts, with various post shapes having been explored in these two principal arrangements. This work examines a new DLD geometry based on patterning obtainable through self-assembly of single-layer nanospheres, which we call hexagonally arranged triangle (HAT) geometry. Finite element simulations are used to characterize the DLD separation properties of the HAT geometry. The relationship between the array angle, the gap spacing, and the critical diameter for separation is derived for the HAT geometry and expressed in a similar mathematical form as conventional parallelogram and rotated-square DLD arrays. At array angles <7°, HAT structures demonstrate smaller particle sorting capability (smaller critical diameter-to-gap spacing ratio) compared to published experimental results for parallelogram-type DLD arrays with circular posts. Experimental validation of DLD separation confirms the separation ability of the HAT array geometry. It is envisioned that this work will provide the first step toward future implementation of nanoscale DLD arrays fabricated by low-cost, bottom-up self-assembly approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha M Razaulla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olivia M Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, Building 088, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Abdullah Alsharhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, Building 088, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, Building 088, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Roseanne Warren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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18
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Tang H, Niu J, Jin H, Lin S, Cui D. Geometric structure design of passive label-free microfluidic systems for biological micro-object separation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:62. [PMID: 35685963 PMCID: PMC9170746 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive and label-free microfluidic devices have no complex external accessories or detection-interfering label particles. These devices are now widely used in medical and bioresearch applications, including cell focusing and cell separation. Geometric structure plays the most essential role when designing a passive and label-free microfluidic chip. An exquisitely designed geometric structure can change particle trajectories and improve chip performance. However, the geometric design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics have not been comprehensively acknowledged. Here, we review the geometric innovations of several microfluidic schemes, including deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics (IMF), and viscoelastic microfluidics (VEM), and summarize the most creative innovations and design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics. We aim to provide a guideline for researchers who have an interest in geometric innovations of passive label-free microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shujing Lin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
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19
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Choe SW, Kim B, Kim M. Progress of Microfluidic Continuous Separation Techniques for Micro-/Nanoscale Bioparticles. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:464. [PMID: 34821680 PMCID: PMC8615634 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Separation of micro- and nano-sized biological particles, such as cells, proteins, and nucleotides, is at the heart of most biochemical sensing/analysis, including in vitro biosensing, diagnostics, drug development, proteomics, and genomics. However, most of the conventional particle separation techniques are based on membrane filtration techniques, whose efficiency is limited by membrane characteristics, such as pore size, porosity, surface charge density, or biocompatibility, which results in a reduction in the separation efficiency of bioparticles of various sizes and types. In addition, since other conventional separation methods, such as centrifugation, chromatography, and precipitation, are difficult to perform in a continuous manner, requiring multiple preparation steps with a relatively large minimum sample volume is necessary for stable bioprocessing. Recently, microfluidic engineering enables more efficient separation in a continuous flow with rapid processing of small volumes of rare biological samples, such as DNA, proteins, viruses, exosomes, and even cells. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the recent advances in microfluidic separation of micro-/nano-sized bioparticles by summarizing the physical principles behind the separation system and practical examples of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-woon Choe
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea;
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea
| | - Bumjoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 1223-24, Korea;
- Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 1223-24, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
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20
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Yin H, Parsnejad S, Ashoori E, Wan H, Li W, Mason AJ. Size-fractionated electrochemical quantification for compact monitoring of fine particulate matter. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Ding L, Yang X, Gao Z, Effah CY, Zhang X, Wu Y, Qu L. A Holistic Review of the State-of-the-Art Microfluidics for Exosome Separation: An Overview of the Current Status, Existing Obstacles, and Future Outlook. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007174. [PMID: 34047052 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a class of small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm), are secreted by almost all types of cells into virtually all body fluids. These small vesicles are attracting increasing research attention owing to their potential for disease diagnosis and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and the complexity of bio-fluids pose significant challenges for their isolation. Even the "gold standard," differential centrifugation, suffers from poor yields and is time-consuming. In this context, recent developments in microfluidic technologies have provided an ideal system for exosome extraction and these devices exhibit some fascinating properties such as high speeds, good portability, and low sample volumes. In this review, the focus is on the state-of-the-art microfluidic technologies for exosome isolation and highlight potential directions for future research and development by analyzing the challenges faced by the current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zibo Gao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Clement Yaw Effah
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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22
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Rezaei B, Moghimi Zand M, Javidi R. Numerical simulation of critical particle size in asymmetrical deterministic lateral displacement. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462216. [PMID: 34034107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics devices are widely used for particle separation. Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is a passive method for particle separation. DLD devices mainly separate particles based on their sizes. There are two main modes of movement in DLD arrays; the small particles move in a zigzag path, and the larger particles separate in the displacement mode. It is therefore important to estimate the critical particle size for the transition of modes before the fabrication of DLD devices. Asymmetry in the design of the arrays can affect the fluid behavior and the critical particle size. In this study, we investigate the effects of the asymmetry caused by changing the downstream gap size to the lateral gap size ratio on the fluid behavior and particle trajectories in DLD devices. We used two dimensional (2D) Finite Element Method (FEM) to study the variations in the flow lane's widths and combined the fluid analysis with structural mechanics to model the contact between the particles and the posts in DLD arrays. We simulated the spherical particles' trajectories with diameters ranging from 1.4 to 19.2 μm in circular post DLD arrays with a lateral gap size of 20μm. In contrast to the previous works, in these simulations, the effect of particle movement on the fluid flow profiles was considered. We evaluated the particle movement mode in seven different values of the downstream gap size to the lateral gap size ratio (ranging from 0.5 to 2) and eight different row shift fraction (ranging from 0.025 to 0.3). Our simulations showed that increasing the value of the downstream gap while the lateral gap is fixed increases the veering flow rate and width. By finding the particle with the largest diameter in the zigzag mode and the particle with the smallest diameter in the displacement mode, we estimated the critical particle diameter for each value of shift fraction in different values of the downstream gap to the lateral gap size ratio. Using these data, a curve was fitted for predicting the critical particle diameter in each ratio. Finally, a more general form of the formula for the critical particle diameter was proposed, which considers an extra parameter compared to the previous ones. The results of this study can lead to a better understanding of DLD devices' functions and, thus, save time and costs for better designs and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Rezaei
- Small Medical Devices, BioMEMS & LoC Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moghimi Zand
- Small Medical Devices, BioMEMS & LoC Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran.
| | - Reza Javidi
- Small Medical Devices, BioMEMS & LoC Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-463, Iran
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23
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Public-Health-Driven Microfluidic Technologies: From Separation to Detection. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040391. [PMID: 33918189 PMCID: PMC8066776 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Separation and detection are ubiquitous in our daily life and they are two of the most important steps toward practical biomedical diagnostics and industrial applications. A deep understanding of working principles and examples of separation and detection enables a plethora of applications from blood test and air/water quality monitoring to food safety and biosecurity; none of which are irrelevant to public health. Microfluidics can separate and detect various particles/aerosols as well as cells/viruses in a cost-effective and easy-to-operate manner. There are a number of papers reviewing microfluidic separation and detection, but to the best of our knowledge, the two topics are normally reviewed separately. In fact, these two themes are closely related with each other from the perspectives of public health: understanding separation or sorting technique will lead to the development of new detection methods, thereby providing new paths to guide the separation routes. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is two-fold: reporting the latest developments in the application of microfluidics for separation and outlining the emerging research in microfluidic detection. The dominating microfluidics-based passive separation methods and detection methods are discussed, along with the future perspectives and challenges being discussed. Our work inspires novel development of separation and detection methods for the benefits of public health.
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24
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Zeming KK, Lu R, Woo KL, Sun G, Quek KY, Cheow LF, Chen CH, Han J, Lim SL. Multiplexed Single-Cell Leukocyte Enzymatic Secretion Profiling from Whole Blood Reveals Patient-Specific Immune Signature. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4374-4382. [PMID: 33600165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic secretion of immune cells (leukocytes) plays a dominant role in host immune responses to a myriad of biological triggers, including infections, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. Current tools to probe these leukocytes inadequately profile these vital biomarkers; the need for sample preprocessing steps of cell lysis, labeling, washing, and pipetting inevitably triggers the cells, changes its basal state, and dilutes the individual cell secretion in bulk assays. Using a fully integrated system for multiplexed profiling of native immune single-cell enzyme secretion from 50 μL of undiluted blood, we eliminate sample handling. With a total analysis time of 60 min, the integrated platform performs six tasks of leukocyte extraction, cell washing, fluorescent enzyme substrate mixing, single-cell droplet making, droplet incubation, and real-time readout for leukocyte secretion profiling of neutrophil elastase, granzyme B, and metalloproteinase. We calibrated the device, optimized the protocols, and tested the leukocyte secretion of acute heart failure (AHF) patients at admission and predischarge. This paper highlights the presence of single-cell enzymatic immune phenotypes independent of CD marker labeling, which could potentially elucidate the innate immune response states. We found that patients recovering from AHF showed a corresponding reduction in immune-cell enzymatic secretion levels and donor-specific enzymatic signatures were observed, which suggests patient-to-patient heterogeneous immune response. This platform presents opportunities to elucidate the complexities of the immune response from a single drop of blood and bridge the current technological, biological, and medical gap in understanding immune response and biological triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore
| | - Ri Lu
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing Level 04, #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore
| | - Kai Lee Woo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Center, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
| | - Guoyun Sun
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing Level 04, #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore
| | - Kai Yun Quek
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore
| | - Lih Feng Cheow
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing Level 04, #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583 Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, YEUNG-B5121A, Hong Kong
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing #04-13/14, 138602 Singapore.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, #56-651, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shir Lynn Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597 Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Center, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
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25
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Zeming KK, Vernekar R, Chua MT, Quek KY, Sutton G, Krüger T, Kuan WS, Han J. Label-Free Biophysical Markers from Whole Blood Microfluidic Immune Profiling Reveal Severe Immune Response Signatures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006123. [PMID: 33590620 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease manifestation and severity from acute infections are often due to hyper-aggressive host immune responses which change within minutes. Current methods for early diagnosis of infections focus on detecting low abundance pathogens, which are time-consuming, of low sensitivity, and do not reflect the severity of the pathophysiology appropriately. The approach here focuses on profiling the rapidly changing host inflammatory response, which in its over-exuberant state, leads to sepsis and death. A 15-min label-free immune profiling assay from 20 µL of unprocessed blood using unconventional L and Inverse-L shaped pillars of deterministic lateral displacement microfluidic technology is developed. The hydrodynamic interactions of deformable immune cells enable simultaneous sorting and immune response profiling in whole blood. Preliminary clinical study of 85 donors in emergency department with a spectrum of immune response states from healthy to severe inflammatory response shows correlation with biophysical markers of immune cell size, deformability, distribution, and cell counts. The speed of patient stratification demonstrated here has promising impact in deployable point-of-care systems for acute infections triage, risk management, and resource allocation at emergency departments, where clinical manifestation of infection severity may not be clinically evident as compared to inpatients in the wards or intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) - Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Rohan Vernekar
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Mui Teng Chua
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, National University Health System, National University Centre for Oral Health, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Level 4, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Kai Yun Quek
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) - Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Greg Sutton
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Timm Krüger
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Win Sen Kuan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, National University Health System, National University Centre for Oral Health, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Level 4, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) - Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-841, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Kathrada AI, Wei SC, Xu Y, Cheow, LF, Chen CH. Microfluidic compartmentalization to identify gene biomarkers of infection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:061502. [PMID: 33312326 PMCID: PMC7717927 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens, such as SARS-COV, H7N9, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, have fatal outcomes with common features of severe fever and subsequent bacterial invasion progressing to multiorgan failure. Gene biomarkers are promising to distinguish specific infections from others with similar presenting symptoms for the prescription of correct therapeutics, preventing pandemics. While routine laboratory methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure gene biomarkers have provided highly sensitive and specific viral detection techniques over the years, they are still hampered by their precision and resource intensity precluding their point-of-care use. Recently, there has been growing interest in employing microfluidic technologies to advance current methods for infectious disease determination via gene biomarker measurements. Here, based on the requirement of infection detection, we will review three microfluidic approaches to compartmentalize gene biomarkers: (1) microwell-based PCR platforms; (2) droplet-based PCR; and (3) point-of-care devices including centrifugal chip, SlipChip, and self-powered integrated microfluidic point-of-care low-cost enabling chip. By capturing target genes in microwells with a small sample volume (∼μl), sensitivity can be enhanced. Additionally, with the advance of significant sample volume minimization (∼pl) using droplet technology, gene quantification is possible. These improvements in cost, automation, usability, and portability have thereby allowed point-of-care applications to decentralize testing platforms from laboratory-based settings to field use against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ismat Kathrada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583
| | | | - Ying Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Room Y6700, 6/F, Yeung Kin Man Academic Building, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Room Y6700, 6/F, Yeung Kin Man Academic Building, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Alsharhan AT, Stair AJ, Acevedo R, Razaulla T, Warren R, Sochol RD. Direct Laser Writing for Deterministic Lateral Displacement of Submicron Particles. JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS 2020; 29:906-911. [DOI: 10.1109/jmems.2020.2998958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Zeming KK, Sato Y, Yin L, Huang NJ, Wong LH, Loo HL, Lim YB, Lim CT, Chen J, Preiser PR, Han J. Microfluidic label-free bioprocessing of human reticulocytes from erythroid culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3445-3460. [PMID: 32793940 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro erythroid cultures from human hematopoietic stem cells produce immature red blood cells (RBCs) called reticulocytes, which are important for RBCs production, and are widely used in scientific studies of malaria pathology, hematological diseases and protein translation. However, in vitro reticulocyte cultures contain expelled cell nuclei and erythroblasts as undesirable by-products and current purification methods such as density gradient centrifugation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) are not optimal for integrated bioprocessing and downstream therapeutic applications. Developments in Dean flow fractionation (DFF) and deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic sorting methods are ideal alternatives due to label-free size sorting, throughput scalability and low manufacturing cost. DFF sorting of reticulocytes from whole erythroid culture showed a 2.4-fold increase in cell recovery compared to FACS albeit with a lower purity; DLD sorting showed comparable cell recovery and purity with FACS using an inverse-L pillar structure to emphasize size and deformability sorting of reticulocytes. The viability and functional assurance of purified reticulocytes showed conserved cell deformability and supported the propagation of malaria parasites. Collectively, our study on label-free RBCs isolation represents a significant technical advancement towards developing in vitro generated viable human RBCs, opening opportunities for close-loop cell manufacturing, downstream therapeutic and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerwin Kwek Zeming
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore
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Calero V, García-Sánchez P, Ramos A, Morgan H. Electrokinetic biased deterministic lateral displacement: scaling analysis and simulations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ahasan K, Landry CM, Chen X, Kim JH. Effect of angle-of-attacks on deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) with symmetric airfoil pillars. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:42. [PMID: 32495156 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a microfluidic technique for size fractionation of particles/cells in continuous flow with a great potential for biological and clinical applications. Growing interest of DLD devices in enabling high-throughput operation for practical applications, such as circulating tumor cell (CTC) separation, necessitates employing higher flow rates, leading to operation at moderate to high Reynolds number (Re) regimes. Recently, it has been shown that symmetric airfoil shaped pillars with neutral angle-of-attack (AoA) can be used for high-throughput design of DLD devices due to their mitigation of vortex effects and preservation of flow symmetry under high Re conditions. While high-Re operation with symmetric airfoil shaped pillars has been established, the effect of AoAs on the DLD performance has not been investigated. In this paper, we have characterized the airfoil DLD device with various AoAs. The transport behavior of microparticles has been observed and analyzed with various AoAs in realistic high-Re. Furthermore, we have modeled the flow fields and anisotropy in a representative airfoil pillar array, for both positive and negative AoA configurations. Unlike the conventional DLD device, lateral displacement has been suppressed with +5° and + 15° AoA configurations regardless of particle sizes. On the other hand, stronger lateral displacement has been seen with -5° and - 15° AoAs. This can be attributed to growing flow anisotropy as Re climbs, and significant expansion or compression of streamlines between airfoils with AoAs. The findings in this study can be utilized for the design and optimization of airfoil DLD microfluidic devices with various AoAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawkab Ahasan
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Christopher M Landry
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA.
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Deterministic Lateral Displacement-Based Separation of Magnetic Beads and Its Applications of Antibody Recognition. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102846. [PMID: 32429490 PMCID: PMC7287841 DOI: 10.3390/s20102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a magnetic-driven deterministic lateral displacement (m-DLD) microfluidic device. A permanent magnet located at the outlet of the microchannel was used to generate the driving force. Two stages of mirrored round micropillar array were designed for the separation of magnetic beads with three different sizes in turn. The effects of the forcing angle and the inlet width of the micropillar array on the separating efficiency were studied. The m-DLD device with optimal structure parameters shows that the separating efficiencies for the 10 μm, 20 μm and 40 μm magnetic beads are 87%, 89% and 94%, respectively. Furthermore, this m-DLD device was used for antibody recognition and separation among a mixture solution of antibodies. The trajectories of different kinds of magnetic beads coupled with different antigens showed that the m-DLD device could realize a simple and low-cost diagnostic test.
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Lin S, Yu Z, Chen D, Wang Z, Miao J, Li Q, Zhang D, Song J, Cui D. Progress in Microfluidics-Based Exosome Separation and Detection Technologies for Diagnostic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903916. [PMID: 31663295 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted by most cell types and circulate in body fluids. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes play a significant role in intercellular communication and are closely associated with the pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, exosomes are considered promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, exosomes are always mixed with other components of body fluids. Consequently, separation methods for exosomes that allow high-purity and high-throughput separation with a high recovery rate and detection techniques for exosomes that are rapid, highly sensitive, highly specific, and have a low detection limit are indispensable for diagnostic applications. For decades, many exosome separation and detection techniques have been developed to achieve the aforementioned goals. However, in most cases, these two techniques are performed separately, which increases operation complexity, time consumption, and cost. The emergence of microfluidics offers a promising way to integrate exosome separation and detection functions into a single chip. Herein, an overview of conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for exosome separation and detection is presented. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianmin Miao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qichao Li
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zhang T, Hong ZY, Tang SY, Li W, Inglis DW, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y, Li M. Focusing of sub-micrometer particles in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:35-53. [PMID: 31720655 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00785g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sub-micrometer particles (0.10-1.0 μm) are of great significance to study, e.g., microvesicles and protein aggregates are targets for therapeutic intervention, and sub-micrometer fluorescent polystyrene (PS) particles are used as probes for diagnostic imaging. Focusing of sub-micrometer particles - precisely control over the position of sub-micrometer particles in a tightly focused stream - has a wide range of applications in the field of biology, chemistry and environment, by acting as a prerequisite step for downstream detection, manipulation and quantification. Microfluidic devices have been attracting great attention as desirable tools for sub-micrometer particle focusing, due to their small size, low reagent consumption, fast analysis and low cost. Recent advancements in fundamental knowledge and fabrication technologies have enabled microfluidic focusing of particles at sub-micrometer scale in a continuous, label-free and high-throughput manner. Microfluidic methods for the focusing of sub-micrometer particles can be classified into two main groups depending on whether an external field is applied: 1) passive methods, which utilize intrinsic fluidic properties without the need of external actuation, such as inertial, deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), viscoelastic and hydrophoretic focusing; and 2) active methods, where external fields are used, such as dielectrophoretic, thermophoretic, acoustophoretic and optical focusing. This article mainly reviews the studies on the focusing of sub-micrometer particles in microfluidic devices over the past 10 years. It aims to bridge the gap between the focusing of micrometer and nanometer scale (1.0-100 nm) particles and to improve the understanding of development progress, current advances and future prospects in microfluidic focusing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zhang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan. and School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, Australia.
| | - Zhen-Yi Hong
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, Australia.
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, Australia.
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34
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Zhu S, Jiang F, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. Microfluidics for label-free sorting of rare circulating tumor cells. Analyst 2020; 145:7103-7124. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A review discussing the working principles and performances of label-free CTC sorting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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35
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Sequential Cell-Processing System by Integrating Hydrodynamic Purification and Dielectrophoretic Trapping for Analyses of Suspended Cancer Cells. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010047. [PMID: 31905986 PMCID: PMC7019789 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices employing dielectrophoresis (DEP) have been widely studied and applied in the manipulation and analysis of single cells. However, several pre-processing steps, such as the preparation of purified target samples and buffer exchanges, are necessary to utilize DEP forces for suspended cell samples. In this paper, a sequential cell-processing device, which is composed of pre-processing modules that employ deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) and a single-cell trapping device employing an electroactive microwell array (EMA), is proposed to perform the medium exchange followed by arraying single cells sequentially using DEP. Two original microfluidic devices were efficiently integrated by using the interconnecting substrate containing rubber gaskets that tightly connect the inlet and outlet of each device. Prostate cancer cells (PC3) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline buffer mixed with microbeads were separated and then resuspended into the DEP buffer in the integrated system. Thereafter, purified PC3 cells were trapped in a microwell array by using the positive DEP force. The achieved separation and trapping efficiencies exceeded 94% and 93%, respectively, when using the integrated processing system. This study demonstrates an integrated microfluidic device by processing suspended cell samples, without the requirement of complex preparation steps.
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36
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Månsson LK, de Wild T, Peng F, Holm SH, Tegenfeldt JO, Schurtenberger P. Preparation of colloidal molecules with temperature-tunable interactions from oppositely charged microgel spheres. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8512-8524. [PMID: 31633148 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01779h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of small colloidal clusters, so-called colloidal molecules, into crystalline materials has proven extremely challenging, the outcome often being glassy, amorphous states where positions and orientations are locked. In this paper, a new type of colloidal molecule is therefore prepared, assembled from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based microgels that due to their well documented softness and temperature-response allow for greater defect tolerance compared to hard spheres and for convenient in situ tuning of size, volume fraction and inter-particle interactions with temperature. The microgels (B) are assembled by electrostatic adsorption onto oppositely charged, smaller-sized microgels (A), where the relative size of the two determines the valency (n) of the resulting core-satellite ABn-type colloidal molecules. Following assembly, a microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) device is used to effectively isolate AB4-type colloidal molecules of tetrahedral geometry that possess a repulsive-to-attractive transition on crossing the microgels' volume phase transition temperature (VPTT). These soft, temperature-responsive colloidal molecules constitute highly promising building blocks for the preparation of new materials with emergent properties, and their optical wavelength-size makes them especially interesting for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Månsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. and NanoLund, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tym de Wild
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Feifei Peng
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. and NanoLund, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan H Holm
- NanoLund, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden and Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas O Tegenfeldt
- NanoLund, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden and Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. and NanoLund, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden and Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Scheelevägen 19, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
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Salafi T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. A Review on Deterministic Lateral Displacement for Particle Separation and Detection. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:77. [PMID: 34138050 PMCID: PMC7770818 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The separation and detection of particles in suspension are essential for a wide spectrum of applications including medical diagnostics. In this field, microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) holds a promise due to the ability of continuous separation of particles by size, shape, deformability, and electrical properties with high resolution. DLD is a passive microfluidic separation technique that has been widely implemented for various bioparticle separations from blood cells to exosomes. DLD techniques have been previously reviewed in 2014. Since then, the field has matured as several physics of DLD have been updated, new phenomena have been discovered, and various designs have been presented to achieve a higher separation performance and throughput. Furthermore, some recent progress has shown new clinical applications and ability to use the DLD arrays as a platform for biomolecules detection. This review provides a thorough discussion on the recent progress in DLD with the topics based on the fundamental studies on DLD models and applications for particle separation and detection. Furthermore, current challenges and potential solutions of DLD are also discussed. We believe that a comprehensive understanding on DLD techniques could significantly contribute toward the advancements in the field for various applications. In particular, the rapid, low-cost, and high-throughput particle separation and detection with DLD have a tremendous impact for point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoriq Salafi
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
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Ng AHC, Peng S, Xu AM, Noh WJ, Guo K, Bethune MT, Chour W, Choi J, Yang S, Baltimore D, Heath JR. MATE-Seq: microfluidic antigen-TCR engagement sequencing. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3011-3021. [PMID: 31502632 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is based on peptide antigen recognition. Our ability to harness the immune system for therapeutic gain relies on the discovery of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes that selectively target antigens from infections, mutated proteins, and foreign agents. Here we present a method that selectively labels peptide antigen-specific CD8+ T cells using magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with peptide-MHC tetramers, isolates these specific cells within an integrated microfluidic device, and directly amplifies the TCR genes for sequencing. Critically, the identity of the peptide recognized by the TCR is preserved, providing the link between peptide and gene. The platform requires inputs on the order of just 100 000 CD8+ T cells, can be multiplexed for simultaneous analysis of multiple peptides, and performs sorting and isolation on chip. We demonstrate 1000-fold sensitivity enhancement of detecting antigen-specific TCRs relative to bulk analysis and simultaneous capture of two virus antigen-specific TCRs from a population of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonsus H C Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Calero V, Garcia-Sanchez P, Ramos A, Morgan H. Combining DC and AC electric fields with deterministic lateral displacement for micro- and nano-particle separation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:054110. [PMID: 31673301 PMCID: PMC6811356 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the behavior of particles in a deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) separation device with DC and AC electric fields applied orthogonal to the fluid flow. As proof of principle, we demonstrate tunable microparticle and nanoparticle separation and fractionation depending on both particle size and zeta potential. DLD is a microfluidic technique that performs size-based binary separation of particles in a continuous flow. Here, we explore how the application of both DC and AC electric fields (separate or together) can be used to improve separation in a DLD device. We show that particles significantly smaller than the critical diameter of the device can be efficiently separated by applying orthogonal electric fields. Following the application of a DC voltage, Faradaic processes at the electrodes cause local changes in medium conductivity. This conductivity change creates an electric field gradient across the channel that results in a nonuniform electrophoretic velocity orthogonal to the primary flow direction. This phenomenon causes particles to focus on tight bands as they flow along the channel countering the effect of particle diffusion. It is shown that the final lateral displacement of particles depends on both particle size and zeta potential. Experiments with six different types of negatively charged particles and five different sizes (from 100 nm to 3 μm) and different zeta potential demonstrate how a DC electric field combined with AC electric fields (that causes negative-dielectrophoresis particle deviation) could be used for fractionation of particles on the nanoscale in microscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Calero
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Garcia-Sanchez
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Hywel Morgan
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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40
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Chien W, Zhang Z, Gompper G, Fedosov DA. Deformation and dynamics of erythrocytes govern their traversal through microfluidic devices with a deterministic lateral displacement architecture. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:044106. [PMID: 31372194 PMCID: PMC6660305 DOI: 10.1063/1.5112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic devices promise versatile and precise processing of biological samples. However, this prospect has been realized so far only for rigid spherical particles and remains limited for biological cells due to the complexity of cell dynamics and deformation in microfluidic flow. We employ mesoscopic hydrodynamics simulations of red blood cells (RBCs) in DLD devices with circular posts to better understand the interplay between cell behavior in complex microfluidic flow and sorting capabilities of such devices. We construct a mode diagram of RBC behavior (e.g., displacement, zig-zagging, and intermediate modes) and identify several regimes of RBC dynamics (e.g., tumbling, tank-treading, and trilobe motion). Furthermore, we link the complex interaction dynamics of RBCs with the post to their effective cell size and discuss relevant physical mechanisms governing the dynamic cell states. In conclusion, sorting of RBCs in DLD devices based on their shear elasticity is, in general, possible but requires fine-tuning of flow conditions to targeted mechanical properties of the RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chien
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Zunmin Zhang
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dmitry A. Fedosov
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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41
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Yanai T, Ouchi T, Yamada M, Seki M. Hydrodynamic Microparticle Separation Mechanism Using Three-Dimensional Flow Profiles in Dual-Depth and Asymmetric Lattice-Shaped Microchannel Networks. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060425. [PMID: 31242547 PMCID: PMC6632020 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We herein propose a new hydrodynamic mechanism of particle separation using dual-depth, lattice-patterned asymmetric microchannel networks. This mechanism utilizes three-dimensional (3D) laminar flow profiles formed at intersections of lattice channels. Large particles, primarily flowing near the bottom surface, frequently enter the shallower channels (separation channels), whereas smaller particles flowing near the microchannel ceiling primarily flow along the deeper channels (main channels). Consequently, size-based continuous particle separation was achieved in the lateral direction in the lattice area. We confirmed that the depth of the main channel was a critical factor dominating the particle separation efficiencies, and the combination of 15-μm-deep separation channels and 40-μm-deep main channels demonstrated the good separation ability for 3–10-μm particles. We prepared several types of microchannels and successfully tuned the particle separation size. Furthermore, the input position of the particle suspension was controlled by adjusting the input flow rates and/or using a Y-shaped inlet connector that resulted in a significant improvement in the separation precision. The presented concept is a good example of a new type of microfluidic particle separation mechanism using 3D flows and may potentially be applicable to the sorting of various types of micrometer-sized objects, including living cells and synthetic microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Takatomo Ouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Masumi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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42
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Reale R, De Ninno A, Businaro L, Bisegna P, Caselli F. High-throughput electrical position detection of single flowing particles/cells with non-spherical shape. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1818-1827. [PMID: 30997463 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00071b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present an innovative impedance cytometer for the measurement of the cross-sectional position of single particles or cells flowing in a microchannel. As predicted by numerical simulations and experimentally validated, the proposed approach is applicable to particles/cells with either spherical or non-spherical shape. In particular, the optics-free high-throughput position detection of individual flowing red blood cells (RBCs) is demonstrated and applied to monitor RBCs hydrodynamic focusing under different sheath flow conditions. Moreover, the device provides multiparametric information useful for lab-on-a-chip applications, including particle inter-arrival times and velocity profile, as well as RBCs mean corpuscular volume, distribution width and electrical opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Reale
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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43
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Hattori Y, Shimada T, Yasui T, Kaji N, Baba Y. Micro- and Nanopillar Chips for Continuous Separation of Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6514-6521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hattori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Taisuke Shimada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takao Yasui
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu, 761-0395, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Mage PL, Csordas AT, Brown T, Klinger D, Eisenstein M, Mitragotri S, Hawker C, Soh HT. Shape-based separation of synthetic microparticles. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:82-89. [PMID: 30542094 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The functional properties of colloidal materials can be tailored by tuning the shape of their constituent particles. Unfortunately, a reliable, general methodology for purifying colloidal materials solely based on shape is still lacking. Here we exploit the single-particle analysis and sorting capabilities of the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) instrument, a commonly used tool in biomedical research, and demonstrate the ability to separate mixtures of synthetic microparticles based solely on their shape with high purity. We achieve this by simultaneously obtaining four independent optical scattering signals from the FACS instrument to create shape-specific 'scattering signatures' that can be used for particle classification and sorting. We demonstrate that these four-dimensional signatures can overcome the confounding effects of particle orientation on shape-based characterization. Using this strategy, robust discrimination of particles differing only slightly in shape and an efficient selection of desired shapes from mixtures comprising particles of diverse sizes and materials is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Mage
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Andrew T Csordas
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Brown
- Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Eisenstein
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Craig Hawker
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - H Tom Soh
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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45
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Pariset E, Parent C, Fouillet Y, François B, Verplanck N, Revol-Cavalier F, Thuaire A, Agache V. Separation of Biological Particles in a Modular Platform of Cascaded Deterministic Lateral Displacement Modules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17762. [PMID: 30531826 PMCID: PMC6288093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) has been extensively implemented in the last decade for size-based sample preparation, owing to its high separation performances for a wide range of particle dimensions. However, separating particles from 1 μm to 10 μm in one single DLD device is challenging because of the required diversity of pillar dimensions and inherent fabrication issues. This paper presents an alternative approach to achieve the extraction of E. coli bacteria from blood samples spiked with prostate cancer cells. Our approach consists in cascading individual DLD devices in a single automated platform, using flexible chambers that successively collect and inject the sample between each DLD stage without any external sample manipulation. Operating DLD separations independently enables to maximize the sorting efficiency at each step, without any disturbance from downstream stages. The proposed two-step automated protocol is applied to the separation of three types of components (bacteria, blood particles and cancer cells), with a depletion yield of 100% for cancer cells and 93% for red blood cells. This cascaded approach is presented for the first time with two DLD modules and is upscalable to improve the dynamic range of currently available DLD devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Pariset
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Charlotte Parent
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Fouillet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Boizot François
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Verplanck
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Aurélie Thuaire
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Agache
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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46
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Alam MK, Koomson E, Zou H, Yi C, Li CW, Xu T, Yang M. Recent advances in microfluidic technology for manipulation and analysis of biological cells (2007–2017). Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1044:29-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Wu J, Chen Q, Lin JM. Microfluidic technologies in cell isolation and analysis for biomedical applications. Analyst 2018; 142:421-441. [PMID: 27900377 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01939k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient platforms for cell isolation and analysis play an important role in applied and fundamental biomedical studies. As cells commonly have a size of around 10 microns, conventional handling approaches at a large scale are still challenged in precise control and efficient recognition of cells for further performance of isolation and analysis. Microfluidic technologies have become more prominent in highly efficient cell isolation for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection, single-cell analysis and stem cell separation, since microfabricated devices allow for the spatial and temporal control of complex biochemistries and geometries by matching cell morphology and hydrodynamic traps in a fluidic network, as well as enabling specific recognition with functional biomolecules in the microchannels. In addition, the fabrication of nano-interfaces in the microchannels has been increasingly emerging as a very powerful strategy for enhancing the capability of cell capture by improving cell-interface interactions. In this review, we focus on highlighting recent advances in microfluidic technologies for cell isolation and analysis. We also describe the general biomedical applications of microfluidic cell isolation and analysis, and finally make a prospective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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48
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Gomis S, Labib M, Coles BLK, van der Kooy D, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Single-Cell Tumbling Enables High-Resolution Size Profiling of Retinal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34811-34816. [PMID: 30265796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Retinal stem cells (RSCs) are promising candidates for patient-derived cell therapy to repair damage to the eye; however, RSCs are rare in retinal samples and lack validated markers, making cell sorting a significant challenge. Here we report a high-resolution deterministic lateral displacement microfluidic device that profiles RSCs in distinct size populations. Only by developing a chip that promotes cell tumbling do we limit cell deformation through apertured channels and thereby increase the size-sorting resolution of the device. We systematically explore a spectrum of microstructures, including optimized notched pillars, to study and then rationally promote cell tumbling. We find that RSCs exhibit larger diameters than most ciliary epithelial cells, an insight into RSC morphology that allows enrichment from biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surath Gomis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Brenda L K Coles
- Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3M2 , Canada
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49
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Khan M, Mao S, Li W, Lin J. Microfluidic Devices in the Fast‐Growing Domain of Single‐Cell Analysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:15398-15420. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jin‐Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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50
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Microfluidic cell sorting: Towards improved biocompatibility of extracorporeal lung assist devices. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8031. [PMID: 29795137 PMCID: PMC5966447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal lung assist technology is one of the last options in critical care medicine to treat patients suffering from severe oxygenation and decarboxylation disorders. Platelet activation along with the consequent thrombus formation is a potentially life-threatening complication of this technique. To avoid platelet-dependent clot formation, this study aims at developing a microfluidic cell sorting chip that can bypass platelets prior to the membrane oxygenator of the extracorporeal lung assist device. The cell sorting chips were produced by maskless dip-in laser lithography, followed by soft lithography replication using PDMS. Citrated porcine whole blood with a clinically relevant haematocrit of 17% was used for the cell sorting experiments involving three different blood flow rates. The joint effects of flow focusing and hydrodynamic lifting forces within the cell sorting chip resulted in a reduction of up to 57% of the baseline platelet count. This cell sorting strategy is suitable for the continuous and label-free separation of red blood cells and platelets and is potentially applicable for increasing the biocompatibility and lifetime of current extracorporeal lung assist devices.
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