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Environmental Behavior and Remediation Methods of Roxarsone. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) is used extensively in the broiler chicken industry, and most is excreted in poultry litter. ROX degradation produces inorganic arsenic, which causes arsenic contamination of soil and aquatic environment. Furthermore, elevated arsenic concentrations are found in livers of chickens fed ROX. Microorganisms, light, and ions are the main factors that promote ROX degradation in the environment. The adsorption of ROX on different substances and its influencing factors have also been studied extensively. Additionally, the remediation method, combining adsorption and degradation, can effectively restore ROX contamination. Based on this, the review reports the ecological hazards, discussed the transformation and adsorption of ROX in environmental systems, documents the biological response to ROX, and summarizes the remediation methods of ROX contamination. Most previous studies of ROX have been focused on identifying the mechanisms involved under theoretical conditions, but more attention should be paid to the behavior of ROX under real environmental conditions, including the fate and transport of ROX in the real environment. ROX remediation methods at real contaminated sites should also be assessed and verified. The summary of previous studies on the environmental behavior and remediation methods of ROX is helpful for further research in the future.
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Xie X, Li J, Luo L, Liao W, Luo S. Phenylarsonics in concentrated animal feeding operations: Fate, associated risk, and treatment approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128394. [PMID: 35158239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenylarsonics are present as additives in animal feed in some countries. As only a small fraction of these additives is metabolized in animals, they mostly end up in the environment. A comprehensive investigation of the fate of these additives is crucial for evaluating their risks. This review aims to provide a clear understanding of the transformation mechanism of phenylarsonics in vivo and in vitro and to evaluate their fate and associated risks. Degradation of phenylarsonics releases toxic As species (mainly as inorganic arsenic (iAs)). Trivalent phenylarsonics are the metabolites or biotic degradation intermediates of phenylarsonics. The cleavage of As groups from trivalent phenylarsonics catalyzed by C-As lyase or other unknown pathways generates arsenite (As(III)). As(III) can be further oxidized to arsenate (As(V)) and methylated to methyl-arsenic species. The half-lives associated with abiotic degradation of phenylarsonics ranged from a few minutes to tens of hours, while those associated with biotic degradation ranged from several days to hundreds of days. Abiotic degradation resulted in a higher yield of iAs than biotic degradation. The use of phenylarsonics led to elevated total As and iAs levels in animal products and environmental matrices, resulting in As exposure risk to humans. The oxidation of phenylarsonics to As(V) facilitated the sorptive removal of As, which provides a general approach for treating these compounds. This review provides solid evidence that the use of phenylarsonics has adverse effects on both human health and environmental safety, and therefore, supports their withdrawal from the global market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiande Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjuan Liao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Shuang Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Tang R, Wang Y, Yuan S, Wang W, Yue Z, Zhan X, Hu ZH. Organoarsenic feed additives in biological wastewater treatment processes: Removal, biotransformation, and associated impacts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124789. [PMID: 33310328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic organoarsenicals are widely used in animal feeding operations and cause arsenic contamination on livestock wastewater and manure, thereby raising the risk of surface water pollution. Biological wastewater treatment processes are often used for livestock wastewater treatment. Organoarsenic removal and biotransformation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the associated impacts have received extensive attention due to the potential threat to water security. The removal efficiency and biotransformation of organoarsenicals in biological treatment processes are reviewed. The underlying mechanisms are discussed in terms of functional microorganisms and genes. The impacts associated with organoarsenicals and their degradation products on microbial activity and performance of bioreactors are also documented. Based on the current research advancement, knowledge gaps and potential research in this field are discussed. Overall, this work delivers a comprehensive understanding on organoarsenic behaviors in biological wastewater treatment processes, and provides valuable information on the control of arsenic contamination from the degradation of organoarsenicals in biological wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Rural Water Environment and Resources, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Zhengbo Yue
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhen-Hu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Rural Water Environment and Resources, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Fei J, Wang T, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Min X, Ke Y, Hu W, Chai L. Aromatic organoarsenic compounds (AOCs) occurrence and remediation methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:665-675. [PMID: 29857198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers at home and abroad have made a body of researches and have gained great achievements on the environmental occurrence, fate, and toxicity of inorganic arsenic. But there is less research on the use of aromatic organoarsenic compounds (AOCs), which are common feed additives for livestock in the poultry industry. In this review, we outline the current state of knowledge acquired on the occurrence and remediation of AOCs, respectively. We also identify knowledge gaps and research needs, including the elucidation of the environmental fate of AOCs, metabolic pathway, the impact of metabolic modification on toxicity, and advanced analytical or repaired methods that allows for monitoring, identification or removal of the degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchi Fei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xiaobo Min
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yong Ke
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wenyong Hu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Limited carbon source retards inorganic arsenic release during roxarsone degradation in Shewanella oneidensis microbial fuel cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8093-8106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pawitwar SS, Nadar VS, Kandegedara A, Stemmler TL, Rosen BP, Yoshinaga M. Biochemical Characterization of ArsI: A Novel C-As Lyase for Degradation of Environmental Organoarsenicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11115-11125. [PMID: 28936873 PMCID: PMC5870903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Organoarsenicals such as the methylarsenical methylarsenate (MAs(V)) and aromatic arsenicals including roxarsone (4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsenate or Rox(V)) have been extensively used as an herbicide and growth enhancers in animal husbandry, respectively. They undergo environmental degradation to more toxic inorganic arsenite (As(III)) that contaminates crops and drinking water. We previously identified a bacterial gene (arsI) responsible for aerobic demethylation of methylarsenite (MAs(III)). The gene product, ArsI, is an Fe(II)-dependent extradiol dioxygenase that cleaves the carbon-arsenic (C-As) bond in MAs(III) and in trivalent aromatic arsenicals. The objective of this study was to elucidate the ArsI mechanism. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we determined the dissociation constants and ligand-to-protein stoichiometry of ArsI for Fe(II), MAs(III), and aromatic phenylarsenite. Using a combination of methods including chemical modification, site-directed mutagenesis, and fluorescent spectroscopy, we demonstrated that amino acid residues predicted to participate in Fe(II)-binding (His5-His62-Glu115) and substrate binding (Cys96-Cys97) are involved in catalysis. Finally, the products of Rox(III) degradation were identified as As(III) and 2-nitrohydroquinone, demonstrating that ArsI is a dioxygenase that incorporates one oxygen atom from dioxygen into the carbon and the other to the arsenic to catalyze cleavage of the C-As bond. These results augment our understanding of the mechanism of this novel C-As lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank S. Pawitwar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Venkadesh S. Nadar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Ashoka Kandegedara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Timothy L. Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Barry P. Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 305-348-1489; fax: 305-348-0651; ; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-1761
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Su S, Zeng X, Bai L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li M, Wu C. Concurrent methylation and demethylation of arsenic by fungi and their differential expression in the protoplasm proteome. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:620-627. [PMID: 28336093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial methylation and demethylation are central to arsenic's (As) biogeochemical cycling. Here, the transformations of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) (50 mg L-1) for 15 days in cells of As-methylating fungi, Fusarium oxysporum CZ-8F1, Penicillium janthinellum SM-12F4, and Trichoderma asperellum SM-12F1, were evaluated, and trace concentrations of As(III) and As(V) were observed in fungal cell extracts. Trace amounts of DMA(V) were also detected in MMA(V) and P. janthinellum SM-12F4 incubations. In situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) indicated that after exposure to MMA(V) (500 mg L-1) for 15 days, 28.6-48.6% of accumulated As in fungal cells was DMA(V), followed by 18.4-30.3% from As(V), 0-28.1% from As(III), and 4.8-28.9% from MMA(V). The concurrent methylation and demethylation of As occurs in fungal cells. Furthermore, a majority of proteins involved in metabolism, transport, ATP activity, biosynthesis, signal transduction, DNA activity, translation, and oxidative stress were upregulated in T. asperellum SM-12F1 cells after MMA(V) exposure compared to As(III), As(V), and DMA(V). The detoxification process of T. asperellum SM-12F1 was As species-specific. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (R7YMH0) donation of a methyl group for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) generation significantly increased following MMA(V) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Su
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xibai Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Lingyu Bai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mansheng Li
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cuixia Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
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Tokmina-Lukaszewska M, Shi Z, Tripet B, McDermott TR, Copié V, Bothner B, Wang G. Metabolic response of Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A to arsenite. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:710-721. [PMID: 27871140 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wide-spread abundance in soil and water, coupled with high toxicity have put arsenic at the top of the list of environmental contaminants. Early studies demonstrated that both concentration and the valence state of inorganic arsenic (arsenite, As(III) vs. arsenate As(V)) can be modulated by microbes. Using genetics, transcriptomic and proteomic techniques, microbe-arsenic detoxification, respiratory As(V) reduction and As(III) oxidation have since been examined. The effect of arsenic exposure on whole-cell intracellular microbial metabolism, however, has not been extensively studied. We combined LC-MS and 1 H NMR to quantify metabolic changes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain 5A) upon exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of As(III). Metabolomics analysis reveals global differences in metabolite concentrations between control and As(III) exposure groups, with significant perturbations to intermediates shuttling into and cycling within the TCA cycle. These data are most consistent with the disruption of two key TCA cycle enzymes, pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Glycolysis also appeared altered following As(III) stress, with carbon accumulating as complex saccharides. These observations suggest that an important consequence of As(III) contamination in nature will be to alter microbial carbon metabolism at the microbial community level and thus has the potential to foundationally impact all biogeochemical cycles in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zunji Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Brian Tripet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Timothy R McDermott
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Valérie Copié
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Menahem A, Dror I, Berkowitz B. Transport of gadolinium- and arsenic-based pharmaceuticals in saturated soil under various redox conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:713-20. [PMID: 26408978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The release of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) to the soil-water environment necessitates understanding of PPCP transport behavior under conditions that account for dynamic flow and varying redox states. This study investigates the transport of two organometallic PPCPs, Gd-DTPA and roxarsone (arsenic compound) and their metal salts (Gd(NO3)3, AsNaO2); Gd-DTPA is used widely as a contrasting agent for MRI, while roxarsone is applied extensively as a food additive in the broiler poultry industry. Here, we present column experiments using sand and Mediterranean red sandy clay soil, performed under several redox conditions. The metal salts were almost completely immobile. In contrast, transport of Gd-DTPA and roxarsone was affected by the soil type. Roxarsone was also affected by the different redox conditions, showing delayed breakthrough curves as the redox potential became more negative due to biological activity (chemically-strong reducing conditions did not affect the transport). Mechanisms that include adsorptive retardation for aerobic and nitrate-reducing conditions, and non-adsorptive retardation for iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing and biologically-strong reducing conditions, are suggested to explain the roxarsone behavior. Gd-DTPA is found to be a stable complex, with potential for high mobility in groundwater systems, whereas roxarsone transport through groundwater systems is affected by redox environments, demonstrating high mobility under aerobic and nitrate-reducing conditions and delayed transport under iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing and biologically-strong reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Menahem
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ishai Dror
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Brian Berkowitz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
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