1
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Bouzy P, Lyburn ID, Pinder SE, Scott R, Mansfield J, Moger J, Greenwood C, Bouybayoune I, Cornford E, Rogers K, Stone N. Exploration of utility of combined optical photothermal infrared and Raman imaging for investigating the chemical composition of microcalcifications in breast cancer. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1620-1630. [PMID: 36880909 PMCID: PMC10065137 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microcalcifications play an important role in cancer detection. They are evaluated by their radiological and histological characteristics but it is challenging to find a link between their morphology, their composition and the nature of a specific type of breast lesion. Whilst there are some mammographic features that are either typically benign or typically malignant often the appearances are indeterminate. Here, we explore a large range of vibrational spectroscopic and multiphoton imaging techniques in order to gain more information about the composition of the microcalcifications. For the first time, we validated the presence of carbonate ions in the microcalcifications by O-PTIR and Raman spectroscopy at the same time, the same location and the same high resolution (0.5 μm). Furthermore, the use of multiphoton imaging allowed us to create stimulated Raman histology (SRH) images which mimic histological images with all chemical information. In conclusion, we established a protocol for efficiently analysing the microcalcifications by iteratively refining the area of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascaline Bouzy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Iain D Lyburn
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sarah E Pinder
- King's College London, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert Scott
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK
| | | | - Julian Moger
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Charlene Greenwood
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Ihssane Bouybayoune
- King's College London, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Keith Rogers
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK
| | - Nick Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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2
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Lenski M, Bruno C, Darrouzain F, Allorge D. Métabolomique : principes et applications en toxicologie biologique et médicolégale. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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3
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Araújo R, Ramalhete L, Ribeiro E, Calado C. Plasma versus Serum Analysis by FTIR Spectroscopy to Capture the Human Physiological State. BIOTECH (BASEL (SWITZERLAND)) 2022; 11:biotech11040056. [PMID: 36546910 PMCID: PMC9775178 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy of serum and plasma has been highly explored for medical diagnosis, due to its general simplicity, and high sensitivity and specificity. To evaluate the plasma and serum molecular fingerprint, as obtained by FTIR spectroscopy, to acquire the system metabolic state, serum and plasma spectra were compared to characterize the metabolic state of 30 human volunteers, between 90 days consumption of green tea extract rich in Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Both plasma and serum spectra enabled the high impact of EGCG consumption on the biofluid spectra to be observed, as analyzed by the spectra principal component analysis, hierarchical-cluster analysis, and univariate data analysis. Plasma spectra resulted in the prediction of EGCG consumption with a slightly higher specificity, accuracy, and precision, also pointing to a higher number of significant spectral bands that were different between the 90 days period. Despite this, the lipid regions of the serum spectra were more affected by EGCG consumption than the corresponding plasma spectra. Therefore, in general, if no specific compound analysis is highlighted, plasma is in general the advised biofluid to capture by FTIR spectroscopy the general metabolic state. If the lipid content of the biofluid is relevant, serum spectra could present some advantages over plasma spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Araújo
- NMS—NOVA Medical School, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Luís Ramalhete
- NMS—NOVA Medical School, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- IPST—Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação, Alameda das Linhas de Torres—nr.117, 1769-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edna Ribeiro
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Avenida D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília Calado
- CIMOSM—Centro de Investigação em Modelação e Optimização de Sistemas Multifuncionais, ISEL—Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Lin H, Wang Z, Luo Y, Sun Q, Shen Y, Huang P. Post-mortem evaluation of the pathological degree of myocardial infarction by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120630. [PMID: 34815176 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In clinical and forensic investigations, accurate post-mortem diagnosis of the pathological degree of myocardial infarction (MI) is critical. However, because of the observer variability, the diagnosis cannot be made objectively. Many studies have shown that Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy is non-invasive, observer-independent, and label-free when analyzing biological tissues. In this study, we used FTIR microspectroscopy in combination with intelligent algorithms to identify the pathological phases in human infarcted cardiac tissues, including ischemia, necrotic, granulation, and fibrotic stages. First, a comparison of infrared spectra corresponding to infarcted tissue pathological categories revealed various spectral properties. The results of unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear distinction between these four pathological stages and the normal stage. Then, to identify these five stages, an automatic artificial neural network (ANN) classifier was effectively created. Finally, two-dimensional pseudo-color images of two infarcted cardiac tissue sections visualized via the ANN classifier showed great agreement with their histological images. These findings demonstrate that FTIR microspectroscopy has the potential for the post-mortem evaluation of the pathological degree of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yiwen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PRC, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Qiran Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PRC, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PRC, Shanghai 200063, China. @ssfjd.cn
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5
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Tomas RC, Sayat AJ, Atienza AN, Danganan JL, Ramos MR, Fellizar A, Notarte KI, Angeles LM, Bangaoil R, Santillan A, Albano PM. Detection of breast cancer by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy using artificial neural networks. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262489. [PMID: 35081148 PMCID: PMC8791515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three (3) neural networks (NN) were designed to discriminate between malignant (n = 78) and benign (n = 88) breast tumors using their respective attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral data. A proposed NN-based sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the most significant IR regions that distinguished benign from malignant samples. The result of the NN-based sensitivity analysis was compared to the obtained results from FTIR visual peak identification. In training each NN models, a 10-fold cross validation was performed and the performance metrics-area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), specificity rate (SR), negative predictive value (NPV), and recall rate (RR)-were averaged for comparison. The NN models were compared to six (6) machine learning models-logistic regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), decision trees (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-for benchmarking. The NN models were able to outperform the LR, NB, DT, RF, and LDA for all metrics; while only surpassing the SVM in accuracy, NPV and SR. The best performance metric among the NN models was 90.48% ± 10.30% for AUC, 96.06% ± 7.07% for ACC, 92.18 ± 11.88% for PPV, 94.19 ± 10.57% for NPV, 89.04% ± 16.75% for SR, and 94.34% ± 10.54% for RR. Results from the proposed sensitivity analysis were consistent with the visual peak identification. However, unlike the FTIR visual peak identification method, the NN-based method identified the IR region associated with C-OH C-OH group carbohydrates as significant. IR regions associated with amino acids and amide proteins were also determined as possible sources of variability. In conclusion, results show that ATR-FTIR via NN is a potential diagnostic tool. This study also suggests a possible more specific method in determining relevant regions within a sample's spectrum using NN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rock Christian Tomas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Anthony Jay Sayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Andrea Nicole Atienza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jannah Lianne Danganan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ma. Rollene Ramos
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Allan Fellizar
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center, Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
| | - Kin Israel Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lara Mae Angeles
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ruth Bangaoil
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Abegail Santillan
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Pia Marie Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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6
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Who's Who? Discrimination of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines by Raman and FTIR Microspectroscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020452. [PMID: 35053613 PMCID: PMC8773714 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Breast cancer is presently the leading cause of death in women worldwide. This study aims at identifying molecular biomarkers of cancer in human breast cancer cells, in order to differentiate highly aggressive triple-negative from non-triple-negative cancers, as well as distinct triple-negative subtypes, which is currently an unmet clinical need paramount for an improved patient care. (2) Raman and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) microspectroscopy state-of-the-art techniques were applied, as highly sensitive, specific and non-invasive methods for probing heterogeneous biological samples such as human cells. (3) Particular biochemical features of malignancy were unveiled based on the cells' vibrational signature, upon principal component analysis of the data. This enabled discrimination between TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) and non-TNBC, TNBC MSL (mesenchymal stem cell-like) and TNBC BL1 (basal-like 1) and TNBC BL1 highly metastatic and low-metastatic cell lines. This specific differentiation between distinct TNBC subtypes-mesenchymal from basal-like, and basal-like 1 with high-metastatic potential from basal-like 1 with low-metastatic potential-is a pioneer result, of potential high impact in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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7
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Beć KB, Grabska J, Huck CW. Biomolecular and bioanalytical applications of infrared spectroscopy - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1133:150-177. [PMID: 32993867 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infrared (IR; or mid-infrared, MIR; 4000-400 cm-1; 2500-25,000 nm) spectroscopy has become one of the most powerful and versatile tools at the disposal of modern bioscience. Because of its high molecular specificity, applicability to wide variety of samples, rapid measurement and non-invasivity, IR spectroscopy forms a potent approach to elucidate qualitative and quantitative information from various kinds of biological material. For these reasons, it became an established bioanalytical technique with diverse applications. This work aims to be a comprehensive and critical review of the recent accomplishments in the field of biomolecular and bioanalytical IR spectroscopy. That progress is presented on a wider background, with fundamental characteristics, the basic principles of the technique outlined, and its scientific capability directly compared with other methods being used in similar fields (e.g. near-infrared, Raman, fluorescence). The article aims to present a complete examination of the topic, as it touches the background phenomena, instrumentation, spectra processing and data analytical methods, spectra interpretation and related information. To suit this goal, the article includes a tutorial information essential to obtain a thorough perspective of bio-related applications of the reviewed methodologies. The importance of the fundamental factors to the final performance and applicability of IR spectroscopy in various areas of bioscience is explained. This information is interpreted in critical way, with aim to gain deep understanding why IR spectroscopy finds extraordinarily intensive use in this remarkably diverse and dynamic field of research and utility. The major focus is placed on the diversity of the applications in which IR biospectroscopy has been established so far and those onto which it is expanding nowadays. This includes qualitative and quantitative analytical spectroscopy, spectral imaging, medical diagnosis, monitoring of biophysical processes, and studies of physicochemical properties and dynamics of biomolecules. The application potential of IR spectroscopy in light of the current accomplishments and the future prospects is critically evaluated and its significance in the progress of bioscience is comprehensively presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof B Beć
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Justyna Grabska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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8
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Wu Z, Wang X. Non-uniformity correction for medium wave infrared focal plane array-based compressive imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:8541-8559. [PMID: 32225477 DOI: 10.1364/oe.381523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a super-resolution imaging method, high-resolution medium wave infrared (MWIR) images can be obtained from a low-resolution focal plane array-based (FPA) sensor using compressive imaging (CI) technology. As a common problem in MWIR FPA imaging, the non-uniformity reduces image quality, which is turning worse in MWIR FPA CI. This paper investigates the source of the non-uniformity of MWIR FPA CI, both in the captured low-resolution MWIR images and in the reconstructed high-resolution ones. According to the system model and the image super-resolution computation process of FPA CI, we propose a calibration-based non-uniformity correction (NUC) method for MWIR FPA CI. Based on the actual MWIR FPA CI system, the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed NUC method are verified, obtaining better results than the traditional method. According to the theoretical analysis and experimental results, the particularities of the non-uniformity in MWIR FPA CI are discovered and discussed, which have certain great guiding significance and practical value.
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9
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Parachalil DR, McIntyre J, Byrne HJ. Potential of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of plasma/serum in the liquid state: recent advances. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1993-2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Su KY, Lee WL. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Cancer Screening and Diagnostic Tool: A Review and Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E115. [PMID: 31906324 PMCID: PMC7017192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy has long been used to characterize chemical compounds, but the applicability of this technique to the analysis of biological materials containing highly complex chemical components is arguable. However, recent advances in the development of infrared spectroscopy have significantly enhanced the capacity of this technique in analyzing various types of biological specimens. Consequently, there is an increased number of studies investigating the application of infrared spectroscopy in screening and diagnosis of various diseases. The lack of highly sensitive and specific methods for early detection of cancer has warranted the search for novel approaches. Being more simple, rapid, accurate, inexpensive, non-destructive and suitable for automation compared to existing screening, diagnosis, management and monitoring methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can potentially improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes by detecting biochemical changes in cancer patients at the molecular level. Besides the commonly analyzed blood and tissue samples, extracellular vesicle-based method has been gaining popularity as a non-invasive approach. Therefore, infrared spectroscopic analysis of extracellular vesicles could be a useful technique in the future for biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the potential clinical applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis using various types of biological materials for cancer. Additionally, the rationale and advantages of using extracellular vesicles in the spectroscopic analysis for cancer diagnostics are discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges and future directions of clinical translation of the technique for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai-Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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11
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Lin H, Guo X, Luo Y, Chen Y, Zhao R, Guan D, Wang Z, Huang P. Postmortem Diagnosis of Fatal Hypothermia by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Edema Fluid in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Lung Tissues. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:846-854. [PMID: 31868923 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate whether pulmonary edema could become a specific diagnostic marker for fatal hypothermia using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics. The spectral profile analysis indicated that hypothermia fatalities associated with pulmonary edema fluid contained more β-sheet protein conformational structures than the control causes of death, which included sudden cardiac death, brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, mechanical asphyxiation, intoxication, and drowning. Subsequently, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that the content of β-sheet protein conformational structures in the pulmonary edema fluid was the main discriminatory marker between fatal hypothermia and the other causes of death. Ultimately, a robust postmortem diagnostic model for fatal hypothermia using a partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) algorithm was constructed. Pulmonary edema fluid spectra collected from eight new forensic autopsy cases that did not participate in the construction of the diagnostic model were predicted using the model. The results showed the causes of death of all these eight cases were correctly classified. In conclusion, this preliminary study demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics could be a promising approach for the postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Lin
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Xiangshen Guo
- Forensic Medicine School, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yiwen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Yijiu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Forensic Medicine School, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Dawei Guan
- Forensic Medicine School, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, 200063, China
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12
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Butler HJ, Brennan PM, Cameron JM, Finlayson D, Hegarty MG, Jenkinson MD, Palmer DS, Smith BR, Baker MJ. Development of high-throughput ATR-FTIR technology for rapid triage of brain cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4501. [PMID: 31594931 PMCID: PMC6783469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-specific symptoms, as well as the lack of a cost-effective test to triage patients in primary care, has resulted in increased time-to-diagnosis and a poor prognosis for brain cancer patients. A rapid, cost-effective, triage test could significantly improve this patient pathway. A blood test using attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the detection of brain cancer, alongside machine learning technology, is advancing towards clinical translation. However, whilst the methodology is simple and does not require extensive sample preparation, the throughput of such an approach is limited. Here we describe the development of instrumentation for the analysis of serum that is able to differentiate cancer and control patients at a sensitivity and specificity of 93.2% and 92.8%. Furthermore, preliminary data from the first prospective clinical validation study of its kind are presented, demonstrating how this innovative technology can triage patients and allow rapid access to imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Butler
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK. .,ClinSpec Diagnostics Limited, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Paul M Brennan
- Translational Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - James M Cameron
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Duncan Finlayson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Mark G Hegarty
- ClinSpec Diagnostics Limited, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Michael D Jenkinson
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool & The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Fazakerley, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK
| | - David S Palmer
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.,ClinSpec Diagnostics Limited, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Benjamin R Smith
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Matthew J Baker
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK. .,ClinSpec Diagnostics Limited, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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13
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Zhang Z, Lin H, Li Z, Luo Y, Wang L, Chen L, Huang P. Identification of fatal hypothermia via attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of rabbit vitreous humour. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2019.1629021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hancheng Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengdong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqin Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
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14
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Bury D, Morais CLM, Paraskevaidi M, Ashton KM, Dawson TP, Martin FL. Spectral classification for diagnosis involving numerous pathologies in a complex clinical setting: A neuro-oncology example. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 206:89-96. [PMID: 30086451 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Much effort is currently being placed into developing new blood tests for cancer diagnosis in the hope of moving cancer diagnosis earlier and by less invasive means than current techniques, e.g., biopsy. Current methods are expected to diagnose and begin treatment of cancer within 62 days of patient presentation, though due to high volume and pressures within the NHS in the UK any technique that can reduce time to diagnosis would allow reduction in the time to treat for patients. The use of vibrational spectroscopy, notably infrared (IR) spectroscopy, has been under investigation for many years with varying success. This technique holds promise as is would combine a generally well accepted test (a blood test) with analysis that is reagent free and cheap to run. It has been demonstrated that, when asked simple clinical questions (i.e., cancer vs. no cancer), results from spectroscopic studies are promising. However, in order to become a clinically useful tool, it is important that the test differentiates a variety of cancer types from healthy patients. This study has analysed plasma samples with attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), to establish if the technique is able to distinguish normal from primary or metastatic brain tumours. We have shown that when asked specific questions, i.e., high-grade glioma vs. low-grade glioma, the results show a significantly high accuracy (100%). Crucially, when combined with meningiomas and metastatic lesions, the accuracy remains high (88-100%) with only minimal overlap between the two metastatic adenocarcinoma groups. Therefore in a clinical setting, this novel technique demonstrates potential benefit when used in conjuction with existing diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Bury
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Camilo L M Morais
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Maria Paraskevaidi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Katherine M Ashton
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, UK
| | - Timothy P Dawson
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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15
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Grzelak MM, Wróbel PM, Lankosz M, Stęgowski Z, Chmura Ł, Adamek D, Hesse B, Castillo-Michel H. Diagnosis of ovarian tumour tissues by SR-FTIR spectroscopy: A pilot study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:48-55. [PMID: 29859492 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women across the world with very high mortality rates. Histology is considered the gold standard for tumour diagnosis. FTIR spectroscopy is relies on registering biochemical differences in the samples analysed, including biological specimens. Therefore, the Synchrotron radiation based-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR) was used for the preliminary investigation of the molecular composition of the human, non-fixed ovarian neoplastic tissues with different type of biological potential. The study that was carried out on thin tissue sections, placed on barium fluoride infrared windows, was focused on investigating spatial distribution of the biochemical markers in various ovarian tumours. Since the structural constituents of tissues accumulate different molecules which may correspond to the specific type of ovarian tumours, the main goal of this study was to check if the mean intensities of the spectral lines of some bio-molecules can be treated as ovarian cancer bio-indicators. Moreover, an attempt to identify and understand the underlying biochemical changes associated with the disease was carried out. The major spectral differences in the frequency and intensities were identified as bonds of lipids, protein massif and nucleic acids. The results obtained suggest that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be used as a supporting tool in the analysis of neoplastic ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Grzelak
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - P M Wróbel
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Lankosz
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Z Stęgowski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ł Chmura
- Chair of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Grzegórzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - D Adamek
- Chair of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Grzegórzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - B Hesse
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - H Castillo-Michel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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16
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Muhamadali H, Subaihi A, Mohammadtaheri M, Xu Y, Ellis DI, Ramanathan R, Bansal V, Goodacre R. Rapid, accurate, and comparative differentiation of clinically and industrially relevant microorganisms via multiple vibrational spectroscopic fingerprinting. Analyst 2018; 141:5127-36. [PMID: 27414261 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00883f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that various microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.) have been linked with infectious diseases, their crucial role towards sustaining life on Earth is undeniable. The huge biodiversity, combined with the wide range of biochemical capabilities of these organisms, have always been the driving force behind their large number of current, and, as of yet, undiscovered future applications. The presence of such diversity could be said to expedite the need for the development of rapid, accurate and sensitive techniques which allow for the detection, differentiation, identification and classification of such organisms. In this study, we employed Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopies, as molecular whole-organism fingerprinting techniques, combined with multivariate statistical analysis approaches for the classification of a range of industrial, environmental or clinically relevant bacteria (P. aeruginosa, P. putida, E. coli, E. faecium, S. lividans, B. subtilis, B. cereus) and yeast (S. cerevisiae). Principal components-discriminant function analysis (PC-DFA) scores plots of the spectral data collected from all three techniques allowed for the clear differentiation of all the samples down to sub-species level. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models generated using the SERS spectral data displayed lower accuracy (74.9%) when compared to those obtained from conventional Raman (97.8%) and FT-IR (96.2%) analyses. In addition, whilst background fluorescence was detected in Raman spectra for S. cerevisiae, this fluorescence was quenched when applying SERS to the same species, and conversely SERS appeared to introduce strong fluorescence when analysing P. putida. It is also worth noting that FT-IR analysis provided spectral data of high quality and reproducibility for the whole sample set, suggesting its applicability to a wider range of samples, and perhaps the most suitable for the analysis of mixed cultures in future studies. Furthermore, our results suggest that while each of these spectroscopic approaches may favour different organisms (sample types), when combined, they would provide complementary and more in-depth knowledge (structural and/or metabolic state) of biological systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such a comparative and combined spectroscopic study (using FT-IR, Raman and SERS) has been carried out on microbial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howbeer Muhamadali
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Abdu Subaihi
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Mahsa Mohammadtaheri
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - David I Ellis
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rajesh Ramanathan
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Yao J, Li Q, Zhou B, Wang D, Wu R. Advantages of infrared transflection micro spectroscopy and paraffin-embedded sample preparation for biological studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 195:25-30. [PMID: 29367023 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fourier-Transform Infrared micro-spectroscopy is an excellent method for biological analyses. In this paper, series metal coating films on ITO glass were prepared by the electrochemical method and the different thicknesses of paraffin embedding rat's brain tissue on the substrates were studied by IR micro-spetroscopy in attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode and transflection mode respectively. The Co-Ni-Cu alloy coating film with low cost is good reflection substrates for the IR analysis. The infrared microscopic transflection mode needs not to touch the sample at all and can get the IR spectra with higher signal to noise ratios. The Paraffin-embedding method allows tissues to be stored for a long time for re-analysis to ensure the traceability of the sample. Also it isolates the sample from the metal and avoids the interaction of biological tissue with the metals. The best thickness of the tissues is 4 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rie Wu
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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18
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Baker MJ, Byrne HJ, Chalmers J, Gardner P, Goodacre R, Henderson A, Kazarian SG, Martin FL, Moger J, Stone N, Sulé-Suso J. Clinical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy: state of play and future challenges. Analyst 2018; 143:1735-1757. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the state-of-the-art of clinical applications of infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy, outstanding challenges, and progress towards translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Baker
- WestCHEM
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow G1 1RD
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute
- Dublin Institute of Technology
- Dublin 8
- Ireland
| | | | - Peter Gardner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB)
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB)
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Alex Henderson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB)
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- South Kensington Campus
- London
- UK
| | - Francis L. Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Central Lancashire
- Preston PR1 2HE
- UK
| | - Julian Moger
- Biomedical Physics
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Exeter
- Exeter EX4 4QL
- UK
| | - Nick Stone
- Biomedical Physics
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Exeter
- Exeter EX4 4QL
- UK
| | - Josep Sulé-Suso
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB
- UK
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19
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De Bruyne S, Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. Applications of mid-infrared spectroscopy in the clinical laboratory setting. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 55:1-20. [PMID: 29239240 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1414142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a nondestructive, label-free, highly sensitive and specific technique that provides complete information on the chemical composition of biological samples. The technique both can offer fundamental structural information and serve as a quantitative analysis tool. Therefore, it has many potential applications in different fields of clinical laboratory science. Although considerable technological progress has been made to promote biomedical applications of this powerful analytical technique, most clinical laboratory analyses are based on spectroscopic measurements in the visible or ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and the potential role of FTIR spectroscopy still remains unexplored. In this review, we present some general principles of FTIR spectroscopy as a useful method to study molecules in specimens by MIR radiation together with a short overview of methods to interpret spectral data. We aim at illustrating the wide range of potential applications of the proposed technique in the clinical laboratory setting with a focus on its advantages and limitations and discussing the future directions. The reviewed applications of MIR spectroscopy include (1) quantification of clinical parameters in body fluids, (2) diagnosis and monitoring of cancer and other diseases by analysis of body fluids, cells, and tissues, (3) classification of clinically relevant microorganisms, and (4) analysis of kidney stones, nails, and faecal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Bruyne
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | | | - Joris R Delanghe
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
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20
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Bhargava R, Madabhushi A. Emerging Themes in Image Informatics and Molecular Analysis for Digital Pathology. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 18:387-412. [PMID: 27420575 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-112415-114722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathology is essential for research in disease and development, as well as for clinical decision making. For more than 100 years, pathology practice has involved analyzing images of stained, thin tissue sections by a trained human using an optical microscope. Technological advances are now driving major changes in this paradigm toward digital pathology (DP). The digital transformation of pathology goes beyond recording, archiving, and retrieving images, providing new computational tools to inform better decision making for precision medicine. First, we discuss some emerging innovations in both computational image analytics and imaging instrumentation in DP. Second, we discuss molecular contrast in pathology. Molecular DP has traditionally been an extension of pathology with molecularly specific dyes. Label-free, spectroscopic images are rapidly emerging as another important information source, and we describe the benefits and potential of this evolution. Third, we describe multimodal DP, which is enabled by computational algorithms and combines the best characteristics of structural and molecular pathology. Finally, we provide examples of application areas in telepathology, education, and precision medicine. We conclude by discussing challenges and emerging opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhargava
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, and Chemistry, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801;
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Center for Computational Imaging and Personalized Diagnostics; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Urology, Pathology, Radiology, Radiation Oncology, General Medical Sciences, Electrical Engineering, and Computer Science; and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
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21
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Pleitez MA, Hertzberg O, Bauer A, Lieblein T, Glasmacher M, Tholl H, Mäntele W. Infrared reflectometry of skin: Analysis of backscattered light from different skin layers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 184:220-227. [PMID: 28500960 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported infrared spectroscopy of human skin in vivo using quantum cascade laser excitation and photoacoustic or photothermal detection for non-invasive glucose measurement . Here, we analyze the IR light diffusely reflected from skin layers for spectral contributions of glucose. Excitation of human skin by an external cavity tunable quantum cascade laser in the spectral region from 1000 to 1245cm-1, where glucose exhibits a fingerprint absorption, yields reflectance spectra with some contributions from glucose molecules. A simple three-layer model of skin was used to calculate the scattering intensities from the surface and from shallow and deeper layers using the Boltzmann radiation transfer equation. Backscattering of light at wavelengths around 10μm from the living skin occurs mostly from the Stratum corneum top layers and the shallow layers of the living epidermis. The analysis of the polarization of the backscattered light confirms this calculation. Polarization is essentially unchanged; only a very small fraction (<3%) is depolarized at 90° with respect to the laser polarization set at 0°. Based on these findings, we propose that the predominant part of the backscattered light is due to specular reflectance and to scattering from layers close to the surface. Diffusely reflected light from deeper layers undergoing one or more scattering processes would appear with significantly altered polarization. We thus conclude that a non-invasive glucose measurement based on backscattering of IR light from skin would have the drawback that only shallow layers containing some glucose at concentrations only weakly related to blood glucose are monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Pleitez
- Institut für Biophysik; Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Otto Hertzberg
- DIEHL Stiftung & Co. KG, Stephanstraße 49, D-90478 Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bauer
- Institut für Biophysik; Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Lieblein
- Institut für Biophysik; Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Hans Tholl
- Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KG, Alte Nussdorfer Straße 13, D-88662 Überlingen, Germany
| | - Werner Mäntele
- Institut für Biophysik; Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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22
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Spectroscopic imaging of biomaterials and biological systems with FTIR microscopy or with quantum cascade lasers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5813-5820. [PMID: 28852781 PMCID: PMC5602084 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic imaging of biomaterials and biological systems has received increased interest within the last decade because of its potential to aid in the detection of disease using biomaterials/biopsy samples and to probe the states of live cells in a label-free manner. The factors behind this increased attention include the availability of improved infrared microscopes and systems that do not require the use of a synchrotron as a light source, as well as the decreasing costs of these systems. This article highlights the current technical challenges and future directions of mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging within this field. Specifically, these are improvements in spatial resolution and spectral quality through the use of novel added lenses and computational algorithms, as well as quantum cascade laser imaging systems, which offer advantages over traditional Fourier transform infrared systems with respect to the speed of acquisition and field of view. Overcoming these challenges will push forward spectroscopic imaging as a viable tool for disease diagnostics and medical research. Absorbance images of a biopsy obtained using an FTIR imaging microscope with and without an added lens, and also using a QCL microscope with high-NA objective. ![]()
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23
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Spalding K, Board R, Dawson T, Jenkinson MD, Baker MJ. A review of novel analytical diagnostics for liquid biopsies: spectroscopic and spectrometric serum profiling of primary and secondary brain tumors. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00502. [PMID: 27688935 PMCID: PMC5036428 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis of biological samples is regarded as quick, cost effective, easy to operate, and spectroscopic sample preparation involves minimal sample preparation. RESULTS Techniques like infrared (IR) spectroscopy, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-mass spectroscopy (MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) -MS could enable early diagnosis of cancer, disease monitoring, and assessment of treatment responses allowing refinement, if required. DISCUSSION Carrying out analytical testing within outpatient clinics would dramatically cut the time spent by patients attending different appointments, at different locations, save hospital time and resources but importantly would theoretically enable a reduction in mortality and morbidity. While the advantages of such a prospect seem obvious, this review aims to evaluate the use of human serum spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis as a diagnostic tool for brain cancers, creating a platform for the future of cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Spalding
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology & Innovation Centre University of Strathclyde 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Ruth Board
- Rosemere Cancer Centre Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Royal Preston Hospital Sharoe Green Lane Preston PR2 9HT UK
| | - Timothy Dawson
- Neuropathology Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Royal Preston Hospital Sharoe Green Lane North Preston Lancashire PR2 9HT UK
| | - Michael D Jenkinson
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Lower Lane Fazakerley Liverpool L9 7LJ UK
| | - Matthew J Baker
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology & Innovation Centre University of Strathclyde 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK
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24
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Hands JR, Clemens G, Stables R, Ashton K, Brodbelt A, Davis C, Dawson TP, Jenkinson MD, Lea RW, Walker C, Baker MJ. Brain tumour differentiation: rapid stratified serum diagnostics via attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. J Neurooncol 2016; 127:463-72. [PMID: 26874961 PMCID: PMC4835510 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to diagnose cancer rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity is essential to exploit advances in new treatments to lead significant reductions in mortality and morbidity. Current cancer diagnostic tests observing tissue architecture and specific protein expression for specific cancers suffer from inter-observer variability, poor detection rates and occur when the patient is symptomatic. A new method for the detection of cancer using 1 μl of human serum, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pattern recognition algorithms is reported using a 433 patient dataset (3897 spectra). To the best of our knowledge, we present the largest study on serum mid-infrared spectroscopy for cancer research. We achieve optimum sensitivities and specificities using a Radial Basis Function Support Vector Machine of between 80.0 and 100 % for all strata and identify the major spectral features, hence biochemical components, responsible for the discrimination within each stratum. We assess feature fed-SVM analysis for our cancer versus non-cancer model and achieve 91.5 and 83.0 % sensitivity and specificity respectively. We demonstrate the use of infrared light to provide a spectral signature from human serum to detect, for the first time, cancer versus non-cancer, metastatic cancer versus organ confined, brain cancer severity and the organ of origin of metastatic disease from the same sample enabling stratified diagnostics depending upon the clinical question asked.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hands
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G11RD, UK
| | - Graeme Clemens
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G11RD, UK
- Centre for Materials Science, Division of Chemistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR12HE, UK
| | - Ryan Stables
- Digital Media Technology Laboratory, Millennium Point, City Centre Campus Birmingham City University, West Midlands, B47XG, UK
| | - Katherine Ashton
- Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane North, Preston, PR29HT, UK
| | - Andrew Brodbelt
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L97LJ, UK
| | - Charles Davis
- Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane North, Preston, PR29HT, UK
| | - Timothy P Dawson
- Neuropathology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane North, Preston, PR29HT, UK
| | - Michael D Jenkinson
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L97LJ, UK
| | - Robert W Lea
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Maudland Building, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR12HE, UK
| | - Carol Walker
- The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L97LJ, UK
| | - Matthew J Baker
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G11RD, UK.
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25
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Pilling M, Gardner P. Fundamental developments in infrared spectroscopic imaging for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1935-57. [PMID: 26996636 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00846h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared chemical imaging is a rapidly emerging field with new advances in instrumentation, data acquisition and data analysis. These developments have had significant impact in biomedical applications and numerous studies have now shown that this technology offers great promise for the improved diagnosis of the diseased state. Relying on purely biochemical signatures rather than contrast from exogenous dyes and stains, infrared chemical imaging has the potential to revolutionise histopathology for improved disease diagnosis. In this review we discuss the recent advances in infrared spectroscopic imaging specifically related to spectral histopathology (SHP) and consider the current state of the field. Finally we consider the practical application of SHP for disease diagnosis and consider potential barriers to clinical translation highlighting current directions and the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pilling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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26
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Introducing Discrete Frequency Infrared Technology for High-Throughput Biofluid Screening. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20173. [PMID: 26842132 PMCID: PMC4740754 DOI: 10.1038/srep20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate early diagnosis is critical to patient survival, management and quality of life. Biofluids are key to early diagnosis due to their ease of collection and intimate involvement in human function. Large-scale mid-IR imaging of dried fluid deposits offers a high-throughput molecular analysis paradigm for the biomedical laboratory. The exciting advent of tuneable quantum cascade lasers allows for the collection of discrete frequency infrared data enabling clinically relevant timescales. By scanning targeted frequencies spectral quality, reproducibility and diagnostic potential can be maintained while significantly reducing acquisition time and processing requirements, sampling 16 serum spots with 0.6, 5.1 and 15% relative standard deviation (RSD) for 199, 14 and 9 discrete frequencies respectively. We use this reproducible methodology to show proof of concept rapid diagnostics; 40 unique dried liquid biopsies from brain, breast, lung and skin cancer patients were classified in 2.4 cumulative seconds against 10 non-cancer controls with accuracies of up to 90%.
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Kimber JA, Foreman L, Turner B, Rich P, Kazarian SG. FTIR spectroscopic imaging and mapping with correcting lenses for studies of biological cells and tissues. Faraday Discuss 2016; 187:69-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histopathology of tissue samples is used to determine the progression of cancer usually by staining and visual analysis. It is recognised that disease progression from healthy tissue to cancerous is accompanied by spectral signature changes in the mid-infrared range. In this work, FTIR spectroscopic imaging in transmission mode using a focal plane array (96 × 96 pixels) has been applied to the characterisation of Barrett's oesophageal adenocarcinoma. To correct optical aberrations, infrared transparent lenses were used of the same material (CaF2) as the slide on which biopsies were fixed. The lenses acted as an immersion objective, reducing scattering and improving spatial resolution. A novel mapping approach using a sliding lens is presented where spectral images obtained with added lenses are stitched together such that the dataset contained a representative section of the oesophageal tissue. Images were also acquired in transmission mode using high-magnification optics for enhanced spatial resolution, as well as with a germanium micro-ATR objective. The reduction of scattering was assessed using k-means clustering. The same tissue section map, which contained a region of high grade dysplasia, was analysed using hierarchical clustering analysis. A reduction of the trough at 1077 cm−1 in the second derivative spectra was identified as an indicator of high grade dysplasia. In addition, the spatial resolution obtained with the lens using high-magnification optics was assessed by measurements of a sharp interface of polymer laminate, which was also compared with that achieved with micro ATR-FTIR imaging. In transmission mode using the lens, it was determined to be 8.5 μm and using micro-ATR imaging, the resolution was 3 μm for the band at a wavelength of ca. 3 μm. The spatial resolution was also assessed with and without the added lens, in normal and high-magnification modes using a USAF target. Spectroscopic images of cells in transmission mode using two lenses are also presented, which are necessary for correcting chromatic aberration and refraction in both the condenser and objective. The use of lenses is shown to be necessary for obtaining high-quality spectroscopic images of cells in transmission mode and proves the applicability of the pseudo hemisphere approach for this and other microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Kimber
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Liberty Foreman
- The Glynn Laboratory of Bioenergetics
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Benjamin Turner
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Peter Rich
- The Glynn Laboratory of Bioenergetics
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology
- University College London
- London
- UK
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