1
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Demidoff FC, Costa PRR, Caleffi GS. Advances in the synthesis of rearranged homoisoflavonoids. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38819298 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rearranged homoisoflavonoids constitute a unique group of natural products, renowned for their structural diversity and complexity. These compounds, derived from modifications in the 3-benzylchroman skeleton, are categorized into four subclasses: brazilin, caesalpin, protosappanin, and scillascillin homoisoflavonoids. This review examines the advancements in the total synthesis of these complex structures, aiming to highlight the challenges and opportunities encountered. A comparative analysis of the strategies employed thus far to synthesize these compounds provides a comprehensive understanding of the progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Demidoff
- Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27930-560 Macaé, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme S Caleffi
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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2
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Carson WP, Tsymbal AV, Pipal RW, Edwards GA, Martinelli JR, Cabré A, MacMillan DWC. Free-Radical Deoxygenative Amination of Alcohols via Copper Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38813987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are among the most abundant chemical feedstocks, yet they remain vastly underutilized as coupling partners in transition metal catalysis. Herein, we describe a copper metallaphotoredox manifold for the open shell deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with N-nucleophiles to forge C(sp3)-N bonds, a linkage of high value in pharmaceutical agents that is challenging to access via conventional cross-coupling techniques. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated conversion of alcohols into the corresponding alkyl radicals followed by copper-catalyzed C-N coupling renders this platform successful for a broad range of structurally unbiased alcohols and 18 classes of N-nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Carson
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Artem V Tsymbal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert W Pipal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Joseph R Martinelli
- Lilly Genetic Medicine, Eli Lilly and Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Albert Cabré
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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3
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Zhang J, Kong WY, Guo W, Tantillo DJ, Tang Y. Combined Computational and Experimental Study Reveals Complex Mechanistic Landscape of Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Silane-Dependent P═O Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13983-13999. [PMID: 38736283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of Brønsted acid-catalyzed silane-dependent P═O reduction has been elucidated through combined computational and experimental methods. Due to its remarkable chemo- and stereoselective nature, the Brønsted acid/silane reduction system has been widely employed in organophosphine-catalyzed transformations involving P(V)/P(III) redox cycle. However, the full mechanistic profile of this type of P═O reduction has yet to be clearly established to date. Supported by both DFT and experimental studies, our research reveals that the reaction likely proceeds through mechanisms other than the widely accepted "dual activation mode by silyl ester" or "acid-mediated direct P═O activation" mechanism. We propose that although the reduction mechanisms may vary with the substitution patterns of silane species, Brønsted acid generally activates the silane rather than the P═O group in transition structures. The proposed activation mode differs significantly from that associated with traditional Brønsted acid-catalyzed C═O reduction. The uniqueness of P═O reduction originates from the dominant Si/O═P orbital interactions in transition structures rather than the P/H-Si interactions. The comprehensive mechanistic landscape provided by us will serve as a guidance for the rational design and development of more efficient P═O reduction systems as well as novel organophosphine-catalyzed reactions involving P(V)/P(III) redox cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Guo Q, Jiang Y, Zhu R, Yang W, Hu P. Electrochemical Azo-free Mitsunobu-type Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402878. [PMID: 38466140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The classic chemical Mitsunobu reaction suffers from the need of excess alcohol activation reagents and the generation of significant by-products. Efforts to overcome these limitations have resulted in numerous creative solutions, but the substrate scope of these catalytic processes remains limited. Here we report an electrochemical Mitsunobu-type reaction, which features azo-free alcohol activation and broad substrate scope. This user-friendly technology allows a vast collection of heterocycles as the nucleophile, which can couple with a series of chiral cyclic and acyclic alcohols in moderate to high yields and excellent ee's. This practical reaction is scalable, chemoselective, uses simple Electrasyn setup with inexpensive electrodes and requires no precaution to exclude air and moisture. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated on the structural modification of diverse bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives and its straightforward application in a multiple-step synthesis of a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangye Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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5
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Strauss MJ, Greaves ME, Kim ST, Teijaro CN, Schmidt MA, Scola PM, Buchwald SL. Room-Temperature Copper-Catalyzed Etherification of Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400333. [PMID: 38359082 PMCID: PMC11045308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We disclose the development of a Cu-catalyzed C-O coupling method utilizing a new N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligand, L8. Under optimized reaction conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides underwent efficient coupling with a variety of alcohols at room temperature using an L8-based catalyst. Notably, the L8-derived catalyst exhibited enhanced activity when compared to the L4-based system previously disclosed for C-N coupling, namely the ability to functionalize aryl bromides containing acidic functional groups. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that C-O coupling utilizing L8 ⋅ Cu involves rate-limiting alkoxide transmetallation, resulting in a mechanism of C-O bond formation that is distinct from previously described Pd-, Cu-, or Ni-based systems. This lower energy pathway leads to rapid C-O bond formation; a 7-fold increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. The results presented in this report overcome limitations in previously described C-O coupling methods and introduce a new ligand that we anticipate may be useful in other Cu-catalyzed C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Megan E Greaves
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 and Province Line Rd., Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Paul M Scola
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 250 Water St., Cambridge, MA 02141, United States of America
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
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6
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Romanucci V, Pagano R, Kandhari K, Zarrelli A, Petrone M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R, Di Fabio G. 7- O-tyrosyl Silybin Derivatives as a Novel Set of Anti-Prostate Cancer Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:418. [PMID: 38671866 PMCID: PMC11047488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silybin is a natural compound extensively studied for its hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer properties. Envisioning the enhancement of silybin potential by suitable modifications in its chemical structure, here, a series of new 7-O-alkyl silybins derivatives were synthesized by the Mitsunobu reaction starting from the silybins and tyrosol-based phenols, such as tyrosol (TYR, 3), 3-methoxytyrosol (MTYR, 4), and 3-hydroxytyrosol (HTYR, 5). This research sought to explore the antioxidant and anticancer properties of eighteen new derivatives and their mechanisms. In particular, the antioxidant properties of new derivatives outlined by the DPPH assay showed a very pronounced activity depending on the tyrosyl moiety (HTYR > MTYR >> TYR). A significant contribution of the HTYR moiety was observed for silybins and 2,3-dehydro-silybin-based derivatives. According to the very potent antioxidant activity, 2,3-dehydro-silybin derivatives 15ab, 15a, and 15b exerted the most potent anticancer activity in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis for cell cycle and apoptosis revealed that 15ab, 15a, and 15b induce strong G1 phase arrest and increase late apoptotic population in PC-3 cells. Additionally, Western blotting for apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 confirmed apoptosis induction by these silybin derivatives in PC-3 cells. These findings hold significant importance in the investigation of anticancer properties of silybin derivatives and strongly encourage swift investigation in pre-clinical models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Romanucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Rita Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Kushal Kandhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.K.); (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Petrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.K.); (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.K.); (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.R.); (R.P.); (A.Z.); (M.P.)
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7
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Zhang JQ, Han LB. Beyond Triphenylphosphine: Advances on the Utilization of Triphenylphosphine Oxide. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2090-2103. [PMID: 38271667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine oxide is a well-known industrial waste byproduct, and thousands of tons of it are generated every year. Due to its chemical stability and limited applications, settlement of this waste issue has drawn extensive attention from chemists. The reduction of triphenylphosphine oxide to triphenylphosphine is heretofore the most employed solution, and is well reviewed. In view of our recent studies on the selective and efficient conversion of Ph3P(O) to other valuable organophosphorus chemicals by using sodium, the present perspective mainly highlights the advances on the utilization of Ph3P(O) to prepare a diverse range of functional organophosphorus compounds, except Ph3P, via selective P-C, C-H, and P-O bond cleavages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiu Zhang
- Zhejiang Yangfan New Materials Co., Ltd., Shangyu, Zhejiang Province 312369, China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- Research Center of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Functional Molecular Synthesis, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Zhejiang Yangfan New Materials Co., Ltd., Shangyu, Zhejiang Province 312369, China
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8
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Shirisha T, Majhi S, Balasubramanian S, Kashinath D. Metal-free C(sp 3)-H functionalization (C-C and C-N bond formation) of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridines using deep eutectic solvents as catalyst and reaction medium. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1434-1440. [PMID: 38265125 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01752d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a metal-free and efficient method for the C(sp3)-H functionalization of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridines at the C4-position by the addition of azodicarboxylates (C-N bond) and maleimides (C-C bond) using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) at 80 °C. The C4-functionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridines were achieved with high atom efficiency, precise regioselectivity, and yields ranging from 70-96%. The practicality of the developed method has been demonstrated through gram-scale synthesis. Also the green-metrics were calculated for the developed method and it was found that the metrics are near to the ideal values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subir Majhi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506 004, India.
| | - Sridhar Balasubramanian
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Dhurke Kashinath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506 004, India.
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9
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Li SS, Jiang YS, Chen LN, Chen DN, Luo XL, Pan CX, Xia PJ. The Merger of Halogen Atom Transfer (XAT) and Energy Transfer Catalysis (EnT) for the Modular 1,2-Iminylalkylation of Diazenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7009-7013. [PMID: 37708359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The 1,2-iminylalkylation of diazenes using alkyl iodides in combination with an O-benzoyl oxime is reported. In this transformation, O-benzoyl oxime acted as a radical precursor and XAT mediator. In addition to common alkyl iodides, other alkyl iodides such as iodomethane, iodomethane-d3, trifluoroiodomethane, ethyl difluoroiodoacetate, and iodoalkanes containing unprotected hydroxyl and amide groups can also serve as C-radical precursors in the 1,2-iminylalkylation with electrophilic diazenes as radical acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Na Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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10
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Kim B, Puthukanoori RK, Martha B, Reddy Muthyala N, Thota S, Thummala V, Rao Paraselli B, Chen DYK. Stereo-Controlled Synthesis of Vicinal Tertiary Carbinols: Application in the Synthesis of a Diol Substructure of Zaragozic Acid, Pactamycin and Ryanodol. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301938. [PMID: 37395682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel and flexible approach for the stereo-controlled synthesis of vicinal tertiary carbinols is reported. The developed strategy featured a highly diastereoselective singlet-oxygen (O2 1 ) [4+2] cycloaddition of rationally designed cyclohexadienones (derived from oxidative dearomatization of the corresponding carboxylic-acid appended phenol precursors), followed by programmed "O-O" and "C-C" bond cleavage. In doing so, a highly functionalized and versatile intermediate was identified and prepared in synthetically useful quantity as a plausible precursor to access a variety of designed and naturally occurring vicinal tertiary carbinol containing compounds. Most notably, the developed strategy was successfully applied in the stereo-controlled synthesis of advanced core structures of zaragozic acid, pactamycin and ryanodol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Thota
- Chemveda Life Sciences, Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, 500039, India
| | | | | | - David Y-K Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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11
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Jiang YS, Li SS, Luo XL, Chen LN, Chen DN, Xia PJ. Photoinduced Difunctionalization of Diazenes Enabled by N-N Radical Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:6671-6676. [PMID: 37642680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a metal-free difunctionalization strategy for diazenes was developed using a range of bifunctionalization reagents. This strategy involves a unique N(sp3)-N(sp2) radical coupling between the hydrazine radical and the imine radical. More than 30 triazane core motifs were constructed by installing imines and various functional groups, including alkyl, phenyl, cyanoalkyl, and sulfonyl groups, on both ends of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond of diazenes in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Na Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zuccolo M, Orsini G, Quaglia M, Mirra L, Corno C, Carenini N, Perego P, Colombo D. Synthesis of N-oxyamide analogues of protein kinase B (Akt) targeting anionic glycoglycerolipids and their antiproliferative activity on human ovarian carcinoma cells. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6572-6587. [PMID: 37526931 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00891f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
N-Oxyamides of bioactive anionic glycoglycerolipids based on 2-O-β-D-glucosylglycerol were efficiently prepared. However, the oxidation step of the primary hydroxyl group of the glucose moiety in the presence of the N-oxyamide function appeared to be a difficult task that was nevertheless conveniently achieved for the first time by employing a chemoenzymatic laccase/TEMPO procedure. The obtained N-oxyamides exhibited a higher inhibition of proliferation of ovarian carcinoma IGROV-1 cells in serum-free medium than in complete medium, similarly to the corresponding bioactive esters. Stability and serum binding studies indicated that the observed reduced activity of the compounds in complete medium could be mainly due to a binding effect of serum proteins rather than the hydrolytic degradation of glycoglycerolipid acyl chains. Furthermore, the results of the cellular studies under serum-free conditions suggested that the N-oxyamide group could increase the antiproliferative activity of a glycoglycerolipid independently of the presence of the anionic carboxylic group. Cellular studies in other cell lines besides IGROV-1 also support a certain degree of selectivity of this series of compounds for tumor cells with Akt hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuccolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Orsini
- NOVA Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier, New University of Lisbon, Av. da Repύblica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Martina Quaglia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Mirra
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Corno
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nives Carenini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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13
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Son J, Wu Z, Dou J, Fujita H, Cao PLD, Liu Q, Lindsey JS. Tethered Indoxyl-Glucuronides for Enzymatically Triggered Cross-Linking. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104143. [PMID: 37241884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl-glucuronides, upon treatment with β-glucuronidase under physiological conditions, are well known to afford the corresponding indigoid dye via oxidative dimerization. Here, seven indoxyl-glucuronide target compounds have been prepared along with 22 intermediates. Of the target compounds, four contain a conjugatable handle (azido-PEG, hydroxy-PEG, or BCN) attached to the indoxyl moiety, while three are isomers that include a PEG-ethynyl group at the 5-, 6-, or 7-position. All seven target compounds have been examined in indigoid-forming reactions upon treatment with β-glucuronidase from two different sources and rat liver tritosomes. Taken together, the results suggest the utility of tethered indoxyl-glucuronides for use in bioconjugation chemistry with a chromogenic readout under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Son
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jinghuai Dou
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hikaru Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Phuong-Lien Doan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Qihui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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14
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Kurmi M, Kadambar VK, Srinivas P, Reddi Y, Panda M, Peddicord M, Miller SA, Young J, Bhutani H, Bajpai L. Investigation of Unusual N-(Triphenyl-λ 5-phosphanylidene) Amide Fragmentation Observed upon MS/MS Collision-Induced Dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:969-976. [PMID: 37018737 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A mechanism of unusual tandem (MS/MS) fragmentation of protonated species of N-(triphenyl-λ5-phosphanylidene) derivatives, [M + H]+ to generate triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) within the mass spectrometer has been investigated and reported. Collision-induced dissociation of these molecules resulted in the generation of TPPO as a signature fragment. This fragment suggested the presence of a P-O bond in the structure which was contrary to the structure of the compound identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry (SXRD) techniques with a P═N bond rather than a P-O bond. In order to confirm the generation of the TPPO fragment within the mass spectrometer, 14 different N-(triphenyl-λ5-phosphanylidene) derivatives containing amide, 18O-labeled amide, thiamide, and nonacyl phosphazene derivatives were synthesized and their MS/MS behavior was studied by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Fragmentation of these amide derivatives generated TPPO/TPPS or their 18O-labeled analogues as the major fragment in almost all cases under similar MS conditions. Based on the outcome of these experiments, a plausible mechanism for such fragmentation, involving the intramolecular shifting of oxygen from carbon to phosphorus, has been proposed. DFT calculations for the protonated species at B3LYP-D3/6-31+G(d,p) further supported the proposed mechanism involving a four-membered ring, P-O-C-N, as the transition state. Details of this work are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moolchand Kurmi
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Vasantha Krishna Kadambar
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Pavan Srinivas
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Manoranjan Panda
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Michael Peddicord
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Scott A Miller
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Joel Young
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Hemant Bhutani
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Lakshmikant Bajpai
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bangalore 560099, India
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15
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Kaghad A, Panagopoulos D, Caballero-García G, Zhai H, Britton R. An α-chloroaldehyde-based formal synthesis of eribulin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1904. [PMID: 37019928 PMCID: PMC10076431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eribulin (Halaven) is the most structurally complex non-peptidic drug made by total synthesis and has challenged preconceptions of synthetic feasibility in drug discovery and development. However, despite decades of research, the synthesis and manufacture of eribulin remains a daunting task. Here, we report syntheses of the most complex fragment of eribulin (C14-C35) used in two distinct industrial routes to this important anticancer drug. Our convergent strategy relies on a doubly diastereoselective Corey-Chaykovsky reaction to affect the union of two tetrahydrofuran-containing subunits. Notably, this process relies exclusively on enantiomerically enriched α-chloroaldehydes as building blocks for constructing the three densely functionalized oxygen heterocycles found in the C14-C35 fragment and all associated stereocenters. Overall, eribulin can now be produced in a total of 52 steps, which is a significant reduction from that reported in both academic and industrial syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Kaghad
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Panagopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Huimin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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16
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Sidduri A, Dresel MJ, Knapp S. Incorporation of an Isohexide Subunit Improves the Drug-like Properties of Bioactive Compounds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:176-182. [PMID: 36793427 PMCID: PMC9923839 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An enhanced ability to pre-engineer favorable drug-likeness qualities into bioactive molecules would focus and streamline the drug development process. We find that phenols, carboxylic acids, and a purine react with isosorbide ("GRAS" designated) under Mitsunobu coupling conditions to deliver the isoidide conjugates selectively and efficiently. Such conjugates show improved solubility and permeability properties compared with the bare scaffold compounds themselves, and the purine adduct may have applications as a 2'-deoxyadenosine isostere. We anticipate additional benefits, implied by their structures, in metabolic stability and reduced toxicity of the isoidide conjugates as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achyutharao Sidduri
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers
The State University of New Jersey, 321 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Aunova
Medchem LLC, West Orange, New Jersey 07052, United States
| | - Mark J. Dresel
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers
The State University of New Jersey, 321 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Spencer Knapp
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers
The State University of New Jersey, 321 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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17
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Wang Y, Xu J, Pan Y, Wang Y. Recent advances in electrochemical deoxygenation reactions of organic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1121-1133. [PMID: 36655598 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As naturally abundant and recyclable industrial feedstock, alcohols and carboxylic acids have drawn tremendous attention in medicinal chemistry and polymer chemistry. The selective C-O cleavage of the hydroxyl group represents an appealing strategy to deliver alkyl and carbonyl moieties into organic molecules. Classical examples of hydroxyl activation include the Appel reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, and Barton-McCombie deoxygenation. However, these early approaches still require large amounts of oxidants or reductants, and suffer from harsh conditions and low atom economy. Electrosynthesis has proven to be an effective and mild way of the modern chemical industry, avoiding the use of chemical oxidants/reductants through the action of an electric current. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances in electrochemical deoxygenation reactions and categorized the deoxygenation methods by different functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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18
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Chen G, Xu B. Hydrogen Bond Donor and Unbalanced Ion Pair Promoter-Assisted Gold-Catalyzed Carbon–Oxygen Cross-Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Iodides with Alcohols. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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19
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Dherange BD, Yuan M, Kelly CB, Reiher CA, Grosanu C, Berger KJ, Gutierrez O, Levin MD. Direct Deaminative Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17-24. [PMID: 36548788 PMCID: PMC10245626 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective functional group interconversions in complex molecular settings underpin many of the challenges facing modern organic synthesis. Currently, a privileged subset of functional groups dominates this landscape, while others, despite their abundance, are sorely underdeveloped. Amines epitomize this dichotomy; they are abundant but otherwise intransigent toward direct interconversion. Here, we report an approach that enables the direct conversion of amines to bromides, chlorides, iodides, phosphates, thioethers, and alcohols, the heart of which is a deaminative carbon-centered radical formation process using an anomeric amide reagent. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrate that successful deaminative functionalization relies not only on outcompeting the H-atom transfer to the incipient radical but also on the generation of polarity-matched, productive chain-carrying radicals that continue to react efficiently. The overall implications of this technology for interconverting amine libraries were evaluated via high-throughput parallel synthesis and applied in the development of one-pot diversification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christopher A Reiher
- Parallel Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Cristina Grosanu
- High Throughput Purification, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kathleen J Berger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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20
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do Espírito Santo RD, da Silva BNM, Rabi JA, Pinho VD. Alkylation of 6-thiopurine derivatives by the Mitsunobu reaction. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 42:516-526. [PMID: 36593726 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2163501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alkylation of thiopurine derivatives with alcohols by the Mitsunobu reaction are reported in moderated to good yields. The method was applied in synthesis of number of thiopurine and thiopurine ribosides derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaime A Rabi
- Microbiológica Química e Farmacêutica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vagner D Pinho
- Microbiológica Química e Farmacêutica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Hu N, He YT, Lan P, Banwell MG, White LV. Six-step total syntheses of (−)-galanthamine and (−)-. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (−)-galanthamine (1) is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor deployed clinically to treat the dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we describe a six-step synthesis of this natural product from simple, readily accessible starting materials. Enantioselective 1,2-reduction, Mitsunobu coupling, Heck cyclization and diastereoselective allylic oxidation reactions are used in our approach, which provides the shortest synthetic route to compound 1 reported to date. A simple modification to the closing stages of the sequence allows equally facile access to (−)-N-norgalanthamine (2), a compound with a range of distinctive biological properties. The concise and operationally simple synthetic protocols reported here could obviate the need to manipulate naturally sourced galanthamine in the pursuit of analogues required for pharmacological studies.
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22
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Silicon-containing 2-phenyldiazene-1-carboxamide derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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23
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Tzeli D, Gerontitis IE, Petsalakis ID, Tsoungas PG, Varvounis G. Self Cycloaddition of o-Naphthoquinone Nitrosomethide to (±) Spiro{naphthalene(naphthopyranofurazan)}-one Oxide: An Insight into its Formation. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200313. [PMID: 36479609 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde oxime was oxidized by AgO (or Ag2 O), in presence of N-methyl morpholine N-oxide (NMMO), to the title spiro adduct-dimer (±)-Spiro{naphthalene-1(2H),4'-(naphtho[2',1':2,3]pyrano[4,5-c]furazan)}-2-one-11'-oxide by a Diels-Alder(D-A) type self-cycloaddition, through the agency of an o-naphthoquinone nitrosomethide (o-NQM). Moreover, 2-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde oxime was prepared and subjected to the same oxidation conditions. Its sterically guided result, 9-methoxynaphtho[1,2-d]isoxazole, was isolated, instead of the expected spiro adduct. The peri intramolecular H bonding in the oxime is considered to have a key contribution to the outcome. Geometry and energy features of the oxidant- and stereo-guided selectivity of both oxidation outcomes have been explored by DFT, perturbation theory and coupled cluster calculations. The reaction free energy of the D-A intermolecular cycloaddition is calculated at -82.0 kcal/mol, indicating its predominance over the intramolecular cyclization of ca. -37.6 kcal/mol. The cycloaddition is facilitated by NMMO through dipolar interactions and hydrogen bonding with both metal complexes and o-NQM. The 8(peri)-OMe substitution of the reactant oxime sterically impedes formation of the spiro adduct, instead it undergoes a more facile cyclodehydration to the isoxazole structure by ca. 4.9 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 116 35, Greece
| | - Ioannis E Gerontitis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 116 35, Greece
| | - Petros G Tsoungas
- Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 115 21, Athens, Greece
| | - George Varvounis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
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24
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Yavari I, Saffarian H, Khaledian O. A Synthesis of Furan-2-iminophosphoranes under Appel-Type Reaction Conditions. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1738427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhenacylmalononitriles reacted with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride in an Appel-type, cyclization/aromatization reaction to afford 5-aryl-2-[(triphenylphosphoranylidene)amino]-3-furonitriles in yields of 75–92%. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of excess amounts of Ph3P and CCl4 without any base or catalyst at room temperature. The structure of one product was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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25
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Munawar S, Zahoor AF, Ali S, Javed S, Irfan M, Irfan A, Kotwica-Mojzych K, Mojzych M. Mitsunobu Reaction: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of Natural Products: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:6953. [PMID: 36296545 PMCID: PMC9609662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mitsunobu reaction plays a vital part in organic chemistry due to its wide synthetic applications. It is considered as a significant reaction for the interconversion of one functional group (alcohol) to another (ester) in the presence of oxidizing agents (azodicarboxylates) and reducing agents (phosphines). It is a renowned stereoselective reaction which inverts the stereochemical configuration of end products. One of the most important applications of the Mitsunobu reaction is its role in the synthesis of natural products. This review article will focus on the contribution of the Mitsunobu reaction towards the total synthesis of natural products, highlighting their biological potential during recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Laboratory of Experimental Cytology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3-go Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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26
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Wang Z, Zhao X, Wang H, Li X, Xu Z, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Dehydroxylative Arylation of Alcohols via Paired Electrolysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7476-7481. [PMID: 36190448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonactivated alcohols along with arene compounds are used in electrochemical dehydroxylative arylation for constructing C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds. The PIII reagent undergoes single-electron anodic oxidation to form its radical cation, which reacts with the alcohol to produce an alkoxytriphenylphosphine radical. Through spontaneous β-scission of the phosphoranyl radical, the C-O bond is cleaved to form an alkyl radical species, which couples with the radical anion generated by cathodic reduction of the electron-poor arene to afford the dehydroxylative arylated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lifang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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27
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Rahaman R, Nair AM, Volla CMR. Visible-Light Mediated Arbuzov-Like Reaction with Thiophenols. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201290. [PMID: 35670550 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We hereby disclose, a visible light mediated addition of sulfenyl radicals to trialkyl phosphites to access functionalized phosphorothioates. The use of cheap and readily available Eosin Y as a photocatalyst under mild energy efficient conditions bypassing the use of external oxidants forms the chief highlight of the work. The protocol is scalable and mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through an ionic-Arbuzov like pathway from phosphoranyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajjakfur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Akshay M Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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28
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Kandemir D, Luleburgaz S, Gunay US, Durmaz H, Kumbaraci V. Ultrafast Poly(disulfide) Synthesis in the Presence of Organocatalysts. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan Kandemir
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serter Luleburgaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Kumbaraci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Drennen B, Goodis CC, Bowen N, Yu W, Vickers G, Wilder PT, MacKerell AD, Fletcher S. Scaffold hopping from indoles to indazoles yields dual MCL-1/BCL-2 inhibitors from MCL-1 selective leads. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:963-969. [PMID: 36092148 PMCID: PMC9384788 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins is associated with the development and progression of a range of cancers. Venetoclax, an FDA-approved BCL-2 inhibitor, is fast becoming the standard-of-care for acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, the median survival offered by venetoclax is only 18 months (as part of a combination therapy regimen), and one of the primary culprits for this is the concomitant upregulation of sister anti-apoptotic proteins, in particular MCL-1 (and BCL-xL), which provides an escape route that manifests as venetoclax resistance. Since inhibition of BCL-xL leads to thrombocytopenia, we believe that a dual MCL-1/BCL-2 inhibitor may provide an enhanced therapeutic effect relative to a selective BCL-2 inhibitor. Beginning with a carboxylic acid-containing literature compound that is a potent inhibitor of MCL-1 and a moderate inhibitor of BCL-2, we herein describe our efforts to develop dual inhibitors of MCL-1 and BCL-2 by scaffold hopping from an indole core to an indazole framework. Subsequently, further elaboration of our novel N2-substituted, indazole-3-carboxylic acid lead into a family of indazole-3-acylsulfonamides resulted in improved inhibition of both MCL-1 and BCL-2, possibly through occupation of the p4 pocket, with minimal or no inhibition of BCL-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Drennen
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Christopher C. Goodis
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences20 N. Pine St.BaltimoreMD 21201USA
| | - Nathan Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff UniversityCF10 3ATUK
| | - Wenbo Yu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | | | - Paul T. Wilder
- University of Maryland School of Medicine20 S. Greene St.BaltimoreMD 21201USA
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences20 N. Pine St.BaltimoreMD 21201USA,University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center20 S. Greene St.BaltimoreMD 21201USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 N. Pine St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA .,University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center 20 S. Greene St. Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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30
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Lin YC, Schneider F, Eberle KJ, Chiodi D, Nakamura H, Reisberg SH, Chen J, Saito M, Baran PS. Atroposelective Total Synthesis of Darobactin A. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14458-14462. [PMID: 35926121 PMCID: PMC9829381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A concise, modular synthesis of the novel antibiotic darobactin A is disclosed. The synthesis successfully forges the hallmark strained macrocyclic ring systems in a sequential fashion. Key transformations include two atroposelective Larock-based macrocyclizations, one of which proceeds with exquisite regioselectivity despite bearing an unprotected alkyne. The synthesis is designed with medicinal chemistry considerations in mind, appending key portions of the molecule at a late stage. Requisite unnatural amino acid building blocks are easily prepared in an enantiopure form using C-H activation and decarboxylative cross-coupling tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Fabian Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kelly J Eberle
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hugh Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Solomon H Reisberg
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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31
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Langer MK, Rahman A, Dey H, Anderssen T, Zilioli F, Haug T, Blencke HM, Stensvåg K, Strøm MB, Bayer A. A concise SAR-analysis of antimicrobial cationic amphipathic barbiturates for an improved activity-toxicity profile. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Shennan BDA, Berheci D, Crompton JL, Davidson TA, Field JL, Williams BA, Dixon DJ. Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5878-5929. [PMID: 35770619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic α-tertiary ethers represent a highly prevalent functionality, common to high-value bioactive molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products, and feature as crucial synthetic handles in their construction. As such their synthesis has become an ever-more important goal in synthetic chemistry as the drawbacks of traditional strong base- and acid-mediated etherifications have become more limiting. In recent years, the generation of highly reactive intermediates via redox approaches has facilitated the synthesis of highly sterically-encumbered ethers and accordingly these strategies have been widely applied in α-tertiary ether synthesis. This review summarises and appraises the state-of-the-art in the application of redox strategies enabling acyclic α-tertiary ether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Diana Berheci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jessica L Crompton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Timothy A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Joshua L Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Benedict A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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33
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Imanpour M, Lamei K, Eshghi H. Highly Active and Stable Bis Imidazolium-Based Copper N-heterocyclic Carbene Modified Graphene Oxide for O-arylation and N-arylation Reactions in Water. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Hergueta AR. Easy Removal of Triphenylphosphine Oxide from Reaction Mixtures by Precipitation with CaBr 2. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Go SY, Chung H, Shin SJ, An S, Youn JH, Im TY, Kim JY, Chung TD, Lee HG. A Unified Synthetic Strategy to Introduce Heteroatoms via Electrochemical Functionalization of Alkyl Organoboron Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9149-9160. [PMID: 35575552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on systematic electrochemical analysis, an integrated synthetic platform of C(sp3)-based organoboron compounds was established for the introduction of heteroatoms. The electrochemically mediated bond-forming strategy was shown to be highly effective for the functionalization of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms with significant steric hindrance. Moreover, virtually all the nonmetallic heteroatoms could be utilized as reaction partners using one unified protocol. The observed reactivity stems from the two consecutive single-electron oxidations of the substrate, which eventually generates an extremely reactive carbocation as the key intermediate. The detailed reaction profile could be elucidated through multifaceted electrochemical studies. Ultimately, a new dimension in the activation strategies for organoboron compounds was accomplished through the electrochemically driven reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yong Go
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Chung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel Jaeho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee An
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Youn
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yeong Im
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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36
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Dai C, Lian C, Fang H, Luo Q, Huang J, Yang M, Yang H, Zhu L, Zhang J, Yin F, Li Z. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of ERα Modulators via Mitsunobu Macrocyclization. Org Lett 2022; 24:3532-3537. [PMID: 35546524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of cyclic peptides was expanded by elaborating Mitsunobu macrocyclization, tethering various hydroxy acid building blocks with different Nε-amine substituents. This new strategy was then applied in synthesizing peptidomimetic estrogen receptor modulator (PERM) analogs on the solid support. The PERM analogs exhibited increased serum peptidase stability, cell penetration, and estrogen receptor α binding affinity. Studying diversity-oriented methods for preparing azacyclopeptides provides a new tool for macrocycle construction and further structural information for optimizing ERα modulators for ER positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen 518035, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423043, China.,Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Chenshan Lian
- Pingshan translational medicine centre, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huilong Fang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423043, China
| | - Qinhong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen 518035, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423043, China
| | - Junrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen 518035, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423043, China
| | - Lizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen 518035, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423043, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yin
- Pingshan translational medicine centre, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zigang Li
- Pingshan translational medicine centre, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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37
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Late‐Stage Dehydroxyazidation of Alcohols Promoted by Trifunctional Hypervalent Azido‐Iodine(III) Reagents. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200272. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Kempson J, Hou X, Sun JH, Wong M, Pawluczyk J, Li J, Krishnananthan S, Simmons EM, Hsiao Y, Li YX, Sun D, Wu DR, Meng W, Ahmad S, Negash L, Brigance R, Turdi H, Hangeland JJ, Lawrence RM, Devasthale P, Robl JA, Mathur A. Synthesis Optimization, Scale-Up, and Catalyst Screening Efforts toward the MGAT2 Clinical Candidate, BMS-963272. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Kempson
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Xiaoping Hou
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jung-Hui Sun
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Michael Wong
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Joseph Pawluczyk
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jianqing Li
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | | | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yi Hsiao
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Li
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Dawn Sun
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Wei Meng
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Saleem Ahmad
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Lidet Negash
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Robert Brigance
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Huji Turdi
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jon J. Hangeland
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - R. Michael Lawrence
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Pratik Devasthale
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Robl
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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39
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Lin CK, Lee W, Wu CF, Shih FY. Recyclable and reusable ionic liquid-supported azo precursors in Mitsunobu reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2217-2221. [PMID: 35230380 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of azo precursor, ionic liquid-supported hydrazidecarboxylate, was synthesized and applied in Mitsunobu reactions. The developed reagent is recyclable during the reaction and reusable after recovery by the ionic liquids. The ionic liquid-based azo precursor in conjugation with PhI(OAc)2 has been proved to be useful in the formation of carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, and carbon-sulfur bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Yi Shih
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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40
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Phenolic 3° Phosphine Oxides as a Class of Metal-Free Catalysts for the Activation of C–O Bonds in Aliphatic Alcohols: Direct Synthesis of Catalyst Candidates, and Kinetic Studies. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently reported that a (2-hydroxybenzyl)phosphine oxide (2-HOBPO) can serve as a phosphorus-centered catalyst for the stereo-invertive coupling of aliphatic alcohols and acidic pronucleophiles (akin to a Mitsunobu reaction, but without additional reagents). Herein, we report an improved synthesis, which provides direct access to systematically varied 2-HOBPOs in a single step from commercially available precursors (salicylaldehydes and secondary phosphines). The efficiency and generality of the synthetic method enabled limited structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, from which it was determined that substituents on both the phenolic and phosphine oxide portions can exert significant influence on the turnover frequency (TOF) of each catalyst. Importantly, for all catalytically active 2-HOBPOs examined, the molecularity of catalyst in the rate law of the alcohol coupling was determined to be <1. Thus, for high catalyst loadings, differences in catalytic activity between 2-HOBPOs appear to be dominated by differences in catalytic auto-inhibition, while for low catalyst loadings, differences are attributed to inherent differences in the energetic span of the catalytic cycle, ignoring off-cycle species, in good agreement with density functional theory (DFT) modeling at the ωB97X-D/6-311G(d,p) level.
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41
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Debasis Das, Xie L, Wang J, Qiao D, Hong J. Design, Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives and In Vitro Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity against Leukemia Cell Lines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Ochmann L, Kessler ML, Schreiner PR. Alkylphosphinites as Synthons for Stabilized Carbocations. Org Lett 2022; 24:1460-1464. [PMID: 35147036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a new acid-free method for the generation of carbocations based on a redox condensation reaction that enables SN1 reactions with a variety of nucleophiles. We utilize readily synthesized phosphinites that are activated by diisopropyl azodicarboxylate to form betaine structures that collapse upon adding a pronucleophile, thereby yielding reactive carbocation intermediates. We also employ this approach for the alkylation of some bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ochmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mika L Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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43
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Dreier P, Pipertzis A, Spyridakou M, Mathes R, Floudas G, Frey H. Introduction of Trifluoromethanesulfonamide Groups in Poly(ethylene oxide): Ionic Conductivity of Single-Ion-Conducting Block Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dreier
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | | | | | - Robin Mathes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
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44
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Lazareva NF, Lazarev IM. N,N′-Bis(silylmethyl)azodicarboxamides. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Hwang J, Strange N, Mazraani R, Phillips MJ, Gamble AB, Huston WM, Tyndall JDA. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of P2-modified proline analogues targeting the HtrA serine protease in Chlamydia. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 230:114064. [PMID: 35007862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High temperature requirement A (HtrA) serine proteases have emerged as a novel class of antibacterial target, which are crucial in protein quality control and are involved in the pathogenesis of a wide array of bacterial infections. Previously, we demonstrated that HtrA in Chlamydia is essential for bacterial survival, replication and virulence. Here, we report a new series of proline (P2)-modified inhibitors of Chlamydia trachomatis HtrA (CtHtrA) developed by proline ring expansion and Cγ-substitutions. The structure-based drug optimization process was guided by molecular modelling and in vitro pharmacological evaluation of inhibitory potency, selectivity and cytotoxicity. Compound 25 from the first-generation 4-substituted proline analogues increased antiCtHtrA potency and selectivity over human neutrophil elastase (HNE) by approximately 6- and 12-fold, respectively, relative to the peptidic lead compound 1. Based on this compound, second-generation substituted proline residues containing 1,2,3-triazole moieties were synthesized by regioselective azide-alkyne click chemistry. Compound 49 demonstrated significantly improved antichlamydial activity in whole cell assays, diminishing the bacterial infectious progeny below the detection limit at the lowest dose tested. Compound 49 resulted in approximately 9- and 22-fold improvement in the inhibitory potency and selectivity relative to 1, respectively. To date, compound 49 is the most potent HtrA inhibitor developed against Chlamydia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Natalie Strange
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rami Mazraani
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew J Phillips
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Wilhelmina M Huston
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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46
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Kanai H, Yamada K, Kodama K, Ishida Y. Efficient preparation of stereopure amphiphilic 1,2-amino alcohols by using preparative enantioselective HPLC. Chirality 2021; 34:295-305. [PMID: 34792805 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amphiphiles are useful for controlling the structures and properties of supramolecular assemblies, but their stereocontrolled synthesis is generally difficult, because their long alkyl chains tend to bring unfavorable effects on the solubility, reactivity, and crystallinity of molecules. Typical examples are amphiphilic 1,2-amino alcohols (S)-1 and (1S,2S)-2 developed by our group, which were known to serve as chiral reaction media for controlling the stereochemistry of asymmetric photoreactions. We previously developed synthetic schemes for these 1,2-amino alcohols, but their synthetic efficiencies were unsatisfactory (13 steps with 2% overall yield for (S)-1; eight steps with 8% yield for (1S,2S)-2). As the main reason of such low efficiencies, the stereocontrolling methods we previously employed (diastereomer-salt crystallization for (S)-1; stereoselective reactions for (1S,2S)-2) were not ideal. Here, we report highly improved synthetic schemes for (S)-1 and (1S,2S)-2 based on the enantioselective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of intermediates in preparative scales. Compared with the previous schemes, the new schemes are advantageous in fewer number of steps, higher overall yield, and lower risk of racemization (seven steps with 15% overall yield for (S)-1; seven steps with 26% overall yield for (1S,2S)-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kanai
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kuniyo Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Koichi Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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47
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Zhang JQ, Ye JJ, Han LB. Selective P-C bond cleavage of tertiary phosphine boranes by sodium. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1948851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiu Zhang
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Ye
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Li-Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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48
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Chemoenzymatic Stereoselective Synthesis of trans-Flavan-4-ols via Lipase-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolutions. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavan-4-ols are a subclass of flavonoids that are present in complex molecules with application in the industrial sector as pigments, antioxidants, or antimitotics, among many others. The most traditional way to achieve their synthesis is from naturally abundant flavanones, asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions or bioreduction being well known strategies, while their preparation from racemic flavan-4-ols has been less explored. In this article, we have focused on the synthesis of a series of trans-flavan-4-ols bearing different substitution patterns in the aromatic ring to explore later the potential of lipases as biocatalysts for stereoselective acylation reactions. Therefore, a series of flavanones have been chemically prepared, starting from the corresponding benzaldehydes by aldol condensation with 2′-hydroxyacetophenone in a strongly basic medium, and later transformed into the corresponding racemic trans-flavan-4-ols following a carbonyl reduction, Mitsunobu reaction, and ester deprotection sequence. A screening of lipases and optimization of the reaction conditions for the stereoselective acylation of racemic 2-phenylchroman-4-ol were performed before expanding the best reaction conditions to the kinetic resolution of other 2-arylchroman-4-ols. Interestingly, the combination of AK lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens as enzyme and vinyl acetate as both acyl donor and solvent allowed the performance of highly asymmetric transformations (E > 200, 50–99% eeS and >99% eeP) under mild reaction conditions (30 °C and 250 rpm).
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49
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Ren JW, Tong MN, Zhao YF, Ni F. Synthesis of Dipeptide, Amide, and Ester without Racemization by Oxalyl Chloride and Catalytic Triphenylphosphine Oxide. Org Lett 2021; 23:7497-7502. [PMID: 34553596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient triphenylphosphine oxide-catalyzed amidation and esterification for the rapid synthesis of a series of dipeptides, amides, and esters is described. This reaction is applicable to challenging couplings of hindered carboxylic acids with weakly nucleophilic amines or alcohols, giving the products in good yields (67-90%) without racemization. This system employs the highly reactive intermediate Ph3PCl2 as the activator of the carboxylate in a catalytic manner and drives the reaction to completion in a short reaction time (less than 10 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Ren
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Nan Tong
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ni
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
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50
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Li G, Miller SP, Radosevich AT. P III/P V═O-Catalyzed Intermolecular N-N Bond Formation: Cross-Selective Reductive Coupling of Nitroarenes and Anilines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14464-14469. [PMID: 34473484 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An organophosphorus-catalyzed method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical hydrazines by cross-selective intermolecular N-N reductive coupling is reported. This method employs a small ring phosphacycle (phosphetane) catalyst together with hydrosilane as the terminal reductant to drive reductive coupling of nitroarenes and anilines with good chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations support an autotandem catalytic reaction cascade in which the organophosphorus catalyst drives two sequential and mechanistically distinct reduction events via PIII/PV═O cycling in order to furnish the target N-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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