1
|
He B, Zhang F, Xin Y, Xu C, Hu X, Wu X, Yang Y, Tian H. Halogen chemistry of solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:826-842. [PMID: 37833403 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) using solid-state electrolytes, replacing flammable liquid electrolytes, are considered one of the most promising next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices because of their improved, inherent safety and energy density. A family of solid electrolytes incorporating halogens has attracted attention because of their potentially high ionic conductivity, good deformability and wide electrochemical windows. Although progress has been made for halogen-containing solid electrolytes (HSEs) in ASSBs, challenges in the preparations, characterizations and low-cost industrial scalability remain. In this Review, we focus on the development of halide battery chemistry, the preparation, modification and properties of HSEs, and issues with HSEs in ASSBs. The chemical action of halogen and ion transport mechanisms are discussed. Moreover, the main challenges and future development directions of halide-based ASSBs are discussed to pave the way for practical applications of HSEs for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijiao He
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- National Energy Conservation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wu
- China Construction Third Engineering Group Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformation Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
- The Stephen W. Hawking Center for Microgravity Research and Education, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Huajun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heyn TR, Schrader M, Kampen I, Kwade A, Schwarz K, Keppler JK. Glass beads increase the formation kinetics of beta-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
3
|
Mann J, Garnweitner G, Schilde C. Preparation of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle-Polymer Hybrids from Modified Silica Nanoparticles and Polystyrene-Block-Polyacrylic Acid Vesicles via the Co-Precipitation Method. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020444. [PMID: 36679323 PMCID: PMC9867192 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-polymer hybrids are becoming increasingly important because seemingly contrasting properties, such as mechanical stability and high elasticity, can be combined into one material. In particular, hybrids made of self-assembled polymers are of growing interest since they exhibit high structural precision and diversity and the subsequent reorganization of the nanoparticles is possible. In this work, we show, for the first time, how hybrids of silica nanoparticles and self-assembled vesicles of polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid can be prepared using the simple and inexpensive method of co-precipitation, highlighting in particular the challenges of using silica instead of other previously well-researched materials, such as gold. The aim was to investigate the influence of the type of modification and the particle size of the silica nanoparticles on the encapsulation and structure of the polymer vesicles. For this purpose, we first needed to adjust the surface properties of the nanoparticles, which we achieved with a two-step modification procedure using APTES and carboxylic acids of different chain lengths. We found that silica nanoparticles modified only with APTES could be successfully encapsulated, while those modified with APTES and decanoic acid resulted in vesicle agglomeration and poor encapsulation due to their strong hydrophobicity. In contrast, no negative effects were observed when different particle sizes (20 nm and 45 nm) were examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jil Mann
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carsten Schilde
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zarinwall A, Maurer V, Pierick J, Oldhues VM, Porsiel JC, Finke JH, Garnweitner G. Amorphization and modified release of ibuprofen by post-synthetic and solvent-free loading into tailored silica aerogels. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2086-2099. [PMID: 35838584 PMCID: PMC9291651 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2092237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often exhibit poor aqueous solubility and thus a low bioavailability that substantially limits their pharmaceutical application. Hence, efficient formulations are required for an effective translation into highly efficient drug products. One strategy is the preservation of an amorphous state of the API within a carrier matrix, which leads to enhanced dissolution. In this work, mesoporous silica aerogels (SA) were utilized as a carrier matrix for the amorphization of the poorly water-soluble model drug ibuprofen. Loading of tailored SA was performed post-synthetically and solvent-free, either by co-milling or via the melting method. Thorough analyses of these processes demonstrated the influence of macrostructural changes during the drying and grinding process on the microstructural properties of the SA. Furthermore, interfacial SA-drug interaction properties were selectively tuned by attaching terminal hydrophilic amino- or hydrophobic methyl groups to the surface of the gel. We demonstrate that not only the chemical surface properties of the SA, but also formulation-related parameters, such as the carrier-to-drug ratio, as well as process-related parameters, such as the drug loading method, decisively influence the ibuprofen adsorption efficiency. In addition, the drug-loaded SA formulations exhibited a remarkable physical stability over a period of 6 months. Furthermore, the release behavior is shown to change considerably with different surface properties of the SA matrix. Hence, the reported results demonstrate that utilizing specifically processed and modified SA offers a compelling technique for enhancement of the bioavailability of poorly-water soluble APIs and a versatile adjustment of their release profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Zarinwall
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viktor Maurer
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Pierick
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Victor Marcus Oldhues
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julian Cedric Porsiel
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barasinski M, Garnweitner G. Aufreinigung von Nano‐ und Submikronpartikeln durch präparative Gelelektrophorese. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Barasinski
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Partikeltechnik und Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology 38104 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Partikeltechnik und Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology 38104 Braunschweig Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nandan SP, Gumerova NI, Schubert JS, Saito H, Rompel A, Cherevan A, Eder D. Immobilization of a [Co IIICo II(H 2O)W 11O 39] 7– Polyoxoanion for the Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:505-515. [PMID: 35856075 PMCID: PMC9284608 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The ongoing transition
to renewable energy sources and the implementation
of artificial photosynthetic setups call for an efficient and stable
water oxidation catalyst (WOC). Here, we heterogenize a molecular
all-inorganic [CoIIICoII(H2O)W11O39]7– ({CoIIICoIIW11}) Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) onto a
model TiO2 surface, employing a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
(APTES) linker to form a novel heterogeneous photosystem for light-driven
water oxidation. The {CoIIICoIIW11}-APTES-TiO2 hybrid is characterized using a set of spectroscopic
and microscopic techniques to reveal the POM integrity and dispersion
to elucidate the POM/APTES and APTES/TiO2 binding modes
as well as to visualize the attachment of individual clusters. We
conduct photocatalytic studies under heterogeneous and homogeneous
conditions and show that {CoIIICoIIW11}-APTES-TiO2 performs as an active light-driven WOC, wherein
{CoIIICoIIW11} acts as a stable co-catalyst
for water oxidation. In contrast to the homogeneous WOC performance
of this POM, the heterogenized photosystem yields a constant WOC rate
for at least 10 h without any apparent deactivation, demonstrating
that TiO2 not only stabilizes the POM but also acts as
a photosensitizer. Complementary studies using photoluminescence (PL)
emission spectroscopy elucidate the charge transfer mechanism and
enhanced WOC activity. The {CoIIICoIIW11}-APTES-TiO2 photocatalyst serves as a prime example of
a hybrid homogeneous–heterogeneous photosystem that combines
the advantages of solid-state absorbers and well-defined molecular
co-catalysts, which will be of interest to both scientific communities
and applications in photoelectrocatalysis and CO2 reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith P. Nandan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/02, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadiia I. Gumerova
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin S. Schubert
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/02, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey Cherevan
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/02, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Eder
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/02, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laible AR, Dinius A, Schrader M, Krull R, Kwade A, Briesen H, Schmideder S. Effects and interactions of metal oxides in microparticle-enhanced cultivation of filamentous microorganisms. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:725-743. [PMID: 36514528 PMCID: PMC9731605 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous microorganisms are used as molecular factories in industrial biotechnology. In 2007, a new approach to improve productivity in submerged cultivation was introduced: microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC). Since then, numerous studies have investigated the influence of microparticles on the cultivation. Most studies considered MPEC a morphology engineering approach, in which altered morphology results in increased productivity. But sometimes similar morphological changes lead to decreased productivity, suggesting that this hypothesis is not a sufficient explanation for the effects of microparticles. Effects of surface chemistry on particles were paid little attention, as particles were often considered chemically-inert and bioinert. However, metal oxide particles strongly interact with their environment. This review links morphological, physical, and chemical properties of microparticles with effects on culture broth, filamentous morphology, and molecular biology. More precisely, surface chemistry effects of metal oxide particles lead to ion leaching, adsorption of enzymes, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, microparticles interfere with gene regulation, metabolism, and activity of enzymes. To enhance the understanding of microparticle-based morphology engineering, further interactions between particles and cells are elaborated. The presented description of phenomena occurring in MPEC eases the targeted choice of microparticles, and thus, contributes to improving the productivity of microbial cultivation technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reiner Laible
- School of Life SciencesChair of Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany,Center of Pharmaceutical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Marcel Schrader
- Center of Pharmaceutical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany,Institute for Particle TechnologyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany,Center of Pharmaceutical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Center of Pharmaceutical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany,Institute for Particle TechnologyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- School of Life SciencesChair of Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Stefan Schmideder
- School of Life SciencesChair of Process Systems EngineeringTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zarinwall A, Waniek T, Saadat R, Braun U, Sturm H, Garnweitner G. Comprehensive Characterization of APTES Surface Modifications of Hydrous Boehmite Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:171-179. [PMID: 33355468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrous boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanoparticles (BNP) show great potential as nanoscale filler for the fabrication of fiber reinforced nanocomposite materials. Notably, the particle-matrix interaction has been demonstrated to be decisive for improving the matrix-dominant mechanical properties in the past years. Tailoring the surface properties of the nanofiller enables to selectively design the interaction and thus to exploit the benefits of the nanocomposite in an optimal way. Here, an extensive study is presented on the binding of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), a common silane surface modifier, on BNP in correlation to different process parameters (concentration, time, temperature, and pH). Furthermore, a comprehensive characterization of the modified BNP was performed by using elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), and Kaiser's test (KT). The results show an increasing monolayer formation up to a complete surface coverage with rising APTES concentration, time, and temperature, resulting in a maximal grafting density of 1.3 molecules/nm2. Unspecific multilayer formation was solely observed under acidic conditions. Comparison of TGA-MS results with data recorded from EA, TGA, and KT verified that TGA-MS is a convenient and highly suitable method to elucidate the ligand binding in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Zarinwall
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tassilo Waniek
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87,12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reza Saadat
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Braun
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87,12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Sturm
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87,12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mallakpour S, Sirous F, Hussain CM. Green synthesis of nano-Al 2O 3, recent functionalization, and fabrication of synthetic or natural polymer nanocomposites: various technological applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly fabrication of nano-Al2O3, recent functionalization, and preparation of polymer nanocomposites including natural and man-made polymers with various industrial applications are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fariba Sirous
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Yang L, Xie J, Wang Y, Wang TJ. Surface Amination of Silica Nanoparticles Using Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuren Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yichong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting-Jie Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Preller T, Menzel D, Knickmeier S, Temel B, Garnweitner G. Herstellung von Nanokomposit‐Dünnschichten mit speziellen magnetischen Eigenschaften aus nanopartikulären Bausteinen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Preller
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Partikeltechnik Volkmaroder Straße 5 38104 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Dirk Menzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Physik der Kondensierten Materie Mendelssohnstraße 3 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Saskia Knickmeier
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Partikeltechnik Volkmaroder Straße 5 38104 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Bilal Temel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Partikeltechnik Volkmaroder Straße 5 38104 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Partikeltechnik Volkmaroder Straße 5 38104 Braunschweig Deutschland
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA) Langer Kamp 6A 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crystal structure dependent photocatalytic degradation of manganese and titanium oxides composites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
13
|
The Effect of Addition of Nanoparticles, Especially ZrO2-Based, on Tribological Behavior of Lubricants. LUBRICANTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants8030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to discuss different effects, such as, among others, agglomeration of selected nanoparticles, particularly those from zirconia, on the tribological behavior of lubricants. The explanation of the difference between the concepts of ‘aggregation’ and ‘agglomeration’ for ZrO2 nanoparticles is included. The factors that influence such an agglomeration are considered. Classification and thickeners of grease, the role of additives therein, and characteristics of the lithium grease with and without ZrO2 additive are discussed in the paper. The role of nanoparticles, including those from ZrO2 utilized as additives to lubricants, particularly to the lithium grease, is also discussed. The methods of preparation of ZrO2 nanoparticles are described in the paper. The agglomeration of ZrO2 nanoparticles and methods to prevent it and the lubrication mechanism of the lithium nanogrease and its tribological evaluation are also discussed. Sample preparation and a ball-on disc tester for investigating of spinning friction are described. The effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles agglomeration on the frictional properties of the lithium grease is shown. The addition of 1 wt.% ZrO2 nanoparticles to pure lithium grease can decrease the friction coefficient to 50%. On the other hand, the agglomeration of ZrO2 nanoparticles in the lithium grease can increase twice the friction coefficient relative to that for the pure grease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Stolzenburg P, Hämisch B, Richter S, Huber K, Garnweitner G. Secondary Particle Formation during the Nonaqueous Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12834-12844. [PMID: 30272453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the aggregation and agglomeration behavior of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles during the nonaqueous synthesis. We found that zirconia nanoparticles immediately form spherical-like aggregates after nucleation with a homogeneous size of 200 nm, which can be related to the metastable state of the nuclei and the reduction of surface free energy. These aggregates further agglomerate, following a diffusion-limited colloid agglomeration mechanism that is additionally supported by the high fractal dimension of the resulting agglomerates. In contrast, TiO2 nanoparticles randomly orient and follow a reaction-limited colloid agglomeration mechanism that leads to a dense network of particles throughout the entire reaction volume. We performed in situ laser light transmission measurements and showed that particle formation starts earlier than previously reported. A complex population balance equation model was developed that is able to simulate particle aggregation as well as agglomeration, which eventually allowed us to distinguish between both phenomena. Hence, we were able to investigate the respective agglomeration kinetics with great agreement to our experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Stolzenburg
- Institute for Particle Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Volkmaroder Str. 5 , 38104 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Benjamin Hämisch
- Physical Chemistry , Universität Paderborn , Warburger Str. 100 , 33098 Paderborn , Germany
| | - Sebastian Richter
- Institute for Particle Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Volkmaroder Str. 5 , 38104 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Klaus Huber
- Physical Chemistry , Universität Paderborn , Warburger Str. 100 , 33098 Paderborn , Germany
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute for Particle Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Volkmaroder Str. 5 , 38104 Braunschweig , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salmatonidis A, Hesselbach J, Lilienkamp G, Graumann T, Daum W, Kwade A, Garnweitner G. Chemical Cross-Linking of Anatase Nanoparticle Thin Films for Enhanced Mechanical Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6109-6116. [PMID: 29722536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Titania nanoparticle-based thin films are highly attractive for a vast range of commercial applications. Although their application on polymer-based substrates is particularly appealing, the requirement of low process temperatures results in low mechanical stability. Highly crystalline anatase nanoparticles were used as the building blocks for coatings through a two-stage process. The main benefits of this method, over the more common sol-gel ones, are the relatively low temperature required for the production of metal oxide coatings, allowing the use of polymer-based substrates, and the defined crystallinity of the resulting thin films. Although in several cases moderate temperatures can be utilized for drying the films, the mechanical stability of the respective coatings remains a critical issue. In this contribution, we present a strategy to achieve network formation between TiO2 nanoparticles in a preformed thin film on the basis of the cross-linking of the functionalized nanoparticles. In the first stage, the nanoparticles were functionalized by dicarboxylic acids, concurrently leading to a stable colloidal dispersion that could be utilized for dip-coating to obtain TiO2 thin films with high homogeneity and optical transparence. During the second stage, the films were immersed in a solution of a diamine as the linker molecule, to achieve cross-linking between the nanoparticles within the film. It is demonstrated that indeed covalent bonding was realized and functional coatings with significantly enhanced mechanical properties were obtained by our strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Lilienkamp
- Institute for Energy Research and Physical Technologies , Technische Universität Clausthal , 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld , Germany
| | - T Graumann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films , 38108 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - W Daum
- Institute for Energy Research and Physical Technologies , Technische Universität Clausthal , 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld , Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gädke J, Thies JW, Kleinfeldt L, Schulze T, Biedendieck R, Rustenbeck I, Garnweitner G, Krull R, Dietzel A. Selective manipulation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for product purification and microfluidic diagnostics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 126:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
17
|
Process and Formulation Strategies to Improve Adhesion of Nanoparticulate Coatings on Stainless Steel. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Kockmann A, Porsiel JC, Saadat R, Garnweitner G. Impact of nanoparticle surface modification on the mechanical properties of polystyrene-based nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11109-11118. [PMID: 35541505 PMCID: PMC9078985 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites consisting of metal oxide nanoparticles in a polymeric matrix enable the improvement of material properties and have become highly relevant for numerous applications, such as in lightweight structures with an enhanced Young's modulus for automotive and aircraft applications. The mechanical properties can be adjusted by controlling the amount of particles, their degree of agglomeration and their direct interaction with the matrix. Whilst the latter aspect is particularly promising to achieve high reinforcement at low filler contents, the mechanisms behind this effect are still not fully understood, preventing the rational design of a particle–polymer system with customized properties. In this work, a two-step modification strategy is used to tailor the particle–matrix interface via chemical groups bound to the surface of zirconia nanoparticles. Two modifications featuring terminal vinyl functions as potentially polymerizable groups are compared. Moreover, an inert reference modification is used to determine the influence of the terminal vinylic groups. In contrast to previous studies, all groups are covalently linked to the particle surface, thereby excluding effects such as detachment or weak coordination and ensuring that changes in the mechanical properties can be correlated to chemical groups on the particle surface. After embedding modified particles in polystyrene, the mechanical properties as well as the cross-linkage between the particles and the matrix are characterized, clearly showing the significant impact of a covalent particle–matrix linkage, with an increase of the Young's modulus by up to 28% with only 3 wt% filler content. A two-step modification strategy is applied to tailor the particle–matrix interface in zirconia nanoparticle–polystyrene composites, achieving strongly enhanced mechanical properties.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kockmann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institute for Particle Technology
- 38104 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - J. C. Porsiel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institute for Particle Technology
- 38104 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - R. Saadat
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institute for Particle Technology
- 38104 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - G. Garnweitner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institute for Particle Technology
- 38104 Braunschweig
- Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hesselbach J, Kockmann A, Lüke S, Overbeck A, Garnweitner G, Schilde C, Kwade A. Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticulate Thin Coatings via Surface Modification and Cross-Linking Additive. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Hesselbach
- TU Braunschweig; Institute for Particle Technology; Volkmaroder Strasse 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alexander Kockmann
- TU Braunschweig; Institute for Particle Technology; Volkmaroder Strasse 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Sabine Lüke
- TU Braunschweig; Institute for Particle Technology; Volkmaroder Strasse 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Achim Overbeck
- TU Braunschweig; Institute for Particle Technology; Volkmaroder Strasse 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- TU Braunschweig; Institute for Particle Technology; Volkmaroder Strasse 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Carsten Schilde
- TU Braunschweig; Institute for Particle Technology; Volkmaroder Strasse 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- TU Braunschweig; Institute for Particle Technology; Volkmaroder Strasse 5 38104 Braunschweig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoffmann RC, Sanctis S, Schneider JJ. Molecular Precursors for ZnO Nanoparticles: Field-Assisted Synthesis, Electrophoretic Deposition, and Field-Effect Transistor Device Performance. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7550-7557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut,
Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shawn Sanctis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut,
Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut,
Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deshmukh R, Niederberger M. Mechanistic Aspects in the Formation, Growth and Surface Functionalization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents. Chemistry 2017; 23:8542-8570. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Deshmukh
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kockmann A, Hesselbach J, Schilde C, Kwade A, Garnweitner G. Verbesserung von Kunstharzbeschichtungen durch Nanopartikel mit maßgeschneiderter Oberflächenmodifizierung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Stolzenburg P, Freytag A, Bigall NC, Garnweitner G. Fractal growth of ZrO2nanoparticles induced by synthesis conditions. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01916a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|