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Robertson M, Zagho MM, Nazarenko S, Qiang Z. Mesoporous carbons from self‐assembled polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Moustafa M. Zagho
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Sergei Nazarenko
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
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Sun CH, Septani CM, Sun YS. Direct Access to Bowl-Like Nanostructures with Block Copolymer Anisotropic Truncated Microspheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:636-645. [PMID: 33395300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bowl-like nanostructures have attracted significant scientific and technological interest due to their favorable characteristics, such as high specific surface area, interconnected porous channels, and conductivity. However, tailored synthesis of bowl-like nanostructures with well-defined and uniform morphology is still a challenge. Herein, we report a versatile microemulsion assembly approach to prepare bowl-like nanostructures of three different materials: polymer, carbon, and platinum. To this end, polystyrene-block-poly(4vinylpyridine), PS-b-P4VP, block copolymer (BCP) microparticles with truncated-sphere shape and composed of stacks of parallel lamellae were used because those anisotropic microparticles play an important role in the design of bowl-like nanostructures. To form nanolamellae-within-microparticle morphology, a designed PS-b-P4VP/chloroform/CTAB microemulsion can be facilely obtained in the aqueous medium, where the morphology can be tailored by the interplay between macro-phase separations, BCP self-assembly, and interfacial energies of three phases in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Finally, protonation or combination of cross-linking and pyrolysis of those truncated microparticles enables formation of polymer or carbon bowl-like nanostructures, respectively. Upon selective adsorption of Pt precursor salt ions with the pyridyl moieties followed by chemical reduction, subsequent calcination permits the synthesis of Pt bowl-like nanostructures. The microemulsion assembly approach opens up new ways to direct and template bowl-like nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Cindy Mutiara Septani
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Septani CM, Wang CA, Jeng US, Su YC, Ko BT, Sun YS. Hierarchically Porous Carbon Materials from Self-Assembled Block Copolymer/Dopamine Mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11754-11764. [PMID: 32955261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically porous carbon materials with interconnected frameworks of macro- and mesopores are desirable for electrochemical applications in biosensors, electrocatalysis, and supercapacitors. In this study, we report a facile synthetic route to fabricate hierarchically porous carbon materials by controlled macro- and mesophase separation of a mixture of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene) and dopamine. The morphology of mesopores is tailored by controlling the coassembly of PS-b-PEO and dopamine in the acidic tetrahydrofuran-water cosolvent. HCl addition plays a critical role via enhancing the charge-dipole interactions between PEO and dopamine and suppressing the clustering and chemical reactions of dopamine in solution. As a result, subsequent drying can produce interpenetrated PS-b-PEO/DA mixtures without forming dopamine microsized crystallites. Dopamine oxidative polymerization induced by solvent annealing in NH4OH vapor enables the formation of percolating macropores. Subsequent pyrolysis to selectively remove the PS-b-PEO template from the complex can produce hierarchically porous carbon materials with interconnected frameworks of macro- and mesopores when pyrolysis is implemented at a low temperature or when DA is a minor component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Septani
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chen-An Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Tsan Ko
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
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Kopeć M, Lamson M, Yuan R, Tang C, Kruk M, Zhong M, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. Polyacrylonitrile-derived nanostructured carbon materials. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Huh M, Gauthier M, Yun SI. Monomolecular films of arborescent polystyrene–graft–poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymers: Precursors to nanostructured carbon materials. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sun YS, Lin CF, Luo ST, Su CY. Block-Copolymer-Templated Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanostructures with Nitrogen-Rich Functional Groups for Molecular Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31235-31244. [PMID: 28319361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a block copolymer offers access to micellar nanodomains with tunable dimensions and structural diversity through control of such molecular parameters as the volume fraction and molecular mass. We fabricated hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) nanostructures with bundles of aggregated nanospheres and with nitrogen-rich functional groups through pyrolysis of diblock copolymer micelles in multiple layers. The resultant HPC nanostructures with a considerable specific surface area serve as an excellent substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), coupled with fluorescence quenching, for molecular sensing of physically adsorbed Rhodamine 6G. The abundant nitrogen atoms terminating on the surface of HPC nanostructures play a critical role in promoting a large Raman enhancement generated via a chemical mechanism. Most importantly, the observed enhancement factors show a clear dependence on the mesoscale porosity within HPC nanostructures, indicating that the chemical enhancement can be steadily tuned with control over the interfacial areas as a function of the nanosphere size. The unique architecture of HPC nanostructures based on the construction of a building block of a well-defined network of core-shell nanospheres provides a new design strategy for fabricating SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and ‡Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and ‡Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and ‡Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Su
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and ‡Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Sun YS, Huang WH, Lin CF, Cheng SL. Tailoring Carbon Nanostructure with Diverse and Tunable Morphology by the Pyrolysis of Self-Assembled Lamellar Nanodomains of a Block Copolymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2003-2010. [PMID: 28117592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of a block copolymer thin film, the free surface of which was in contact with air or a capping layer of SiO2, produced four carbon nanostructures. Thin films of a diblock copolymer having perpendicularly oriented lamellar nanodomains served as carbon and nitrogen precursors. Before pyrolysis, the lamellar nanodomains were cross-linked with UV irradiation under nitrogen gas (UVIN). Without a capping layer, pyrolysis caused a structural transformation from lamellar nanodomains to short carbon nanowires or to dropletlike nanocarbons in a row via Rayleigh instability, depending on the duration of pyrolysis. When capped with a layer of SiO2 followed by pyrolysis, the lamellar nanodomains were converted to pod-like, spaghetti-like, or long worm-like carbon nanostructures. These carbon nanostructures were driven by controlling the surface or interface tension and the residual yield of solid carbonaceous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Liang Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Chuang WT, Hsu YM, Lin EL, Lin IM, Sun YS, Chiang YW, Su CJ, Lee YC, Jeng US. Live Templates of a Supramolecular Block Copolymer for the Synthesis of Ordered Nanostructured TiO 2 Films via Guest Exchange. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33221-33229. [PMID: 27934174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a facile method based on host-guest chemistry to synthesize a range of nanostructured TiO2 materials using supramolecular templates of a dendron-jacketed block copolymer (DJBCP). The DJBCP is composed of amphiphilic dendrons (4'-(3,4,5-tridodecyloxybenzoyloxy)benzoic acid, TDB) selectively incorporated into a P4VP block of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) via hydrogen bonding. The PS-b-P4VP host acts as a structure-directing template, while the guest molecules (TDB) assist the self-assembly nanostructures and zone-axis alignment, resulting in the nanostructured template of vertically oriented cylinders formed via successive phase transformations from Im3̅m to R3̅m to P6mm upon thermal annealing in the doctor-blade-cast film. The guest molecules subsequently direct the titania precursors into the P4VP domains of the templates via supramolecular guest exchange during immersion of the film in a designated precursor solution containing a P4VP-selective solvent. The subsequent UV irradiation step leads to the formation of PS-b-P4VP/TiO2 hybrids. Finally, removal of the host template by calcination leaves behind mesoporous channels and makes sacrifices to be a carbon source for carbon-doping TiO2 materials. Various TiO2 nanoarchitectures, namely, vertical and wiggly micrometer-length channels, inverse opals, fingerprint-like channels, heterogeneous multilayers, and nanotubes, have been fabricated by highly tunable DJBCP nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ming Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - En-Li Lin
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Lin
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yeo-Wan Chiang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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