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Mitrofanov A, Dreimann O, Zakirova K, Waentig AL, Wrzesińska-Lashkova A, Kuc A, Ruck M, Vaynzof Y, Feng X, Voit B. Narrow Bandgap 1D Lead Iodide Perovskite with Aminophenyl Viologen. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14981-14988. [PMID: 39058891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) perovskites (perovskitoids) occupy an important place among modern semiconducting materials, offering design flexibility together with a wide range of properties. However, most such materials have a large bandgap, which limits their application in photovoltaics. Here, we present a new 1D hybrid perovskite containing the functional cation aminophenyl viologen (APhV). Similar to other materials from the viologen perovskite family, aminophenyl viologen iodidoplumbate(II) (APhV[Pb2I6]·2NMP) exhibits a broad absorption with a narrow and direct bandgap of 1.66 eV, which was calculated from the experimental data and is supported also by our first-principles simulations. Close contact between electron-rich inorganic chains and electron-accepting viologen molecules suggests charge transfer within the hybrid, which is also visible in the density of states. Considering its reasonable thermal stability, aminophenyl viologen iodidoplumbate can find a wide application in photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mitrofanov
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Dreimann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karina Zakirova
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albrecht L Waentig
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angelika Wrzesińska-Lashkova
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Centrum for Advanced Systems Understanding, CASUS, Untermarkt 20, 02826 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Edis Z, Bloukh SH. Thymol, a Monoterpenoid within Polymeric Iodophor Formulations and Their Antimicrobial Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4949. [PMID: 38732168 PMCID: PMC11084924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an emanating threat to humanity's future. The effectiveness of commonly used antibiotics against microbial infections is declining at an alarming rate. As a result, morbidity and mortality rates are soaring, particularly among immunocompromised populations. Exploring alternative solutions, such as medicinal plants and iodine, shows promise in combating resistant pathogens. Such antimicrobials could effectively inhibit microbial proliferation through synergistic combinations. In our study, we prepared a formulation consisting of Aloe barbadensis Miller (AV), Thymol, iodine (I2), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Various analytical methods including SEM/EDS, UV-vis, Raman, FTIR, and XRD were carried out to verify the purity, composition, and morphology of AV-PVP-Thymol-I2. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of this formulation against 10 selected reference strains using impregnated sterile discs, surgical sutures, gauze bandages, surgical face masks, and KN95 masks. The antimicrobial properties of AV-PVP-Thymol-I2 were assessed through disc diffusion methods against 10 reference strains in comparison with two common antibiotics. The 25-month-old formulation exhibited slightly lower inhibitory zones, indicating changes in the sustained-iodine-release reservoir. Our findings confirm AV-PVP-Thymol-I2 as a potent antifungal and antibacterial agent against the reference strains, demonstrating particularly strong inhibitory action on surgical sutures, cotton bandages, and face masks. These results enable the potential use of the formulation AV-PVP-Thymol-I2 as a promising antimicrobial agent against wound infections and as a spray-on contact-killing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Edis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Samir Haj Bloukh
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Zhang Z, Weng B, Hu Z, Si Z, Li L, Yang Z, Cheng Y. Chitosan‑iodine complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129598. [PMID: 38253142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to public health, and the development of effective antibacterial substances from natural polymers is crucial. 2-Aminoisonicotinic acid (AN) was grafted onto chitosan by 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-mediated coupling reactions, and then modified chitosan‑iodine (CSAN-I) complexes were prepared by solvent-assisted grinding. The samples were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, confirming that CSAN-I complexes had been successfully prepared. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis indicated that the chemical modification of chitosan and iodine complexation reduced the thermal stability; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that 81 % of the iodine in CSAN-I complex was in the form of triiodide ions. The iodine contents of three CSAN-I complexes (CSAN-I-1, CSAN-I-2 and CSAN-I-3) were 1.59 ± 0.22 %, 3.18 ± 0.26 %, and 5.56 ± 0.41 %, respectively. The antibacterial effects were evaluated in vitro, and the results indicated that CSAN-I complexes had strong antibacterial activities against both E. coli and S. aureus. In particular, CSAN-I-3 exhibited the best antibacterial effect. In addition, CSAN-I-3 was nontoxic to L929 cells with good cytocompatibility. Therefore, CSAN-I complexes can be considered as promising candidates for wound management in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Boya Weng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhang Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Zhenyu Si
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lefan Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ziming Yang
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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4
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Edis Z, Bloukh SH, Sara HA, Bloukh IH. Green Synthesized Polymeric Iodophors with Thyme as Antimicrobial Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1133. [PMID: 38256211 PMCID: PMC10815993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern for the future of mankind. Common antibiotics fail in the treatment of microbial infections at an alarming rate. Morbidity and mortality rates increase, especially among immune-compromised populations. Medicinal plants and their essential oils, as well as iodine could be potential solutions against resistant pathogens. These natural antimicrobials abate microbial proliferation, especially in synergistic combinations. We performed a simple, one-pot synthesis to prepare our formulation with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-complexed iodine (I2), Thymus Vulgaris L. (Thyme), and Aloe Barbadensis Miller (AV). SEM/EDS, UV-vis, Raman, FTIR, and XRD analyses verified the purity, composition, and morphology of AV-PVP-Thyme-I2. We investigated the inhibitory action of the bio-formulation AV-PVP-Thyme-I2 against 10 selected reference pathogens on impregnated sterile discs, surgical sutures, cotton gauze bandages, surgical face masks, and KN95 masks. The antimicrobial properties of AV-PVP-Thyme-I2 were studied by disc diffusion methods and compared with those of the antibiotics gentamycin and nystatin. The results confirm AV-PVP-Thyme-I2 as a strong antifungal and antibacterial agent against the majority of the tested microorganisms with excellent results on cotton bandages and face masks. After storing AV-PVP-Thyme-I2 for 18 months, the inhibitory action was augmented compared to the fresh formulation. Consequently, we suggest AV-PVP-Thyme-I2 as an antimicrobial agent against wound infections and a spray-on contact killing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Edis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (S.H.B.); (H.A.S.)
| | - Samir Haj Bloukh
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (S.H.B.); (H.A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamed Abu Sara
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (S.H.B.); (H.A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Haj Bloukh
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
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5
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Savastano M, López de la Torre MD, Pagliai M, Poggi G, Ridi F, Bazzicalupi C, Melguizo M, Bianchi A. Crystal engineering of high explosives through lone pair-π interactions: Insights for improving thermal safety. iScience 2023; 26:107330. [PMID: 37636051 PMCID: PMC10448033 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this high-risk/high-reward study, we prepared complexes of a high explosive anion (picrate) with potentially explosive s-tetrazine-based ligands with the sole purpose of advancing the understanding of one of the weakest supramolecular forces: the lone pair-π interaction. This is a proof-of-concept study showing how lone pair-π contacts can be effectively used in crystal engineering, even of high explosives, and how the supramolecular architecture of the resulting crystalline phases influences their experimental thermokinetic properties. Herein we present XRD structures of 4 novel detonating compounds, all showcasing lone pair-π interactions, their thermal characterization (DSC, TGA), including the correlation of experimental thermokinetic parameters with crystal packing, and in silico explosion properties. This last aspect is relevant for improving the safety of high-energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pagliai
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Poggi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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6
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Milašinović V, Vuković V, Krawczuk A, Molčanov K, Hennig C, Bodensteiner M. The nature of π-hole interactions between iodide anions and quinoid rings in the crystalline state. IUCRJ 2023; 10:156-163. [PMID: 36692857 PMCID: PMC9980391 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The investigated co-crystal of 3-chloro-N-methylpyridinium iodide with tetrabromoquinone (3-Cl-N-MePy·I·Br4Q) reveals a π-hole interaction between an iodide anion and a quinoid ring involving an n → π* charge transfer. The quinoid ring has a partial negative charge (estimated to be in the range 0.08-0.11e) and a partial radical character, which is related to the black colour of the crystals (crystals of neutral tetrabromoquinone are yellow). A detailed X-ray charge density study revealed two symmetry-independent bond critical points between the iodide anions and carbon atoms of the ring. Their maximum electron density of 0.065 e Å-3 was reproduced by quantum chemical modelling. The energy of the interaction is estimated to be -11.16 kcal mol-1, which is comparable to the strength of moderate hydrogen bonding (about -10 kcal mol-1); it is dominantly electrostatic in nature, with a considerable dispersion component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Milašinović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vedran Vuković
- Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Krawczuk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraβe 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Krešimir Molčanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Christoph Hennig
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38043, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholz Zentrum Dresden Rosendorf, Bauztner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Chen JT, Yan H, Wang TT, Zhou TD, Sun WB. Di- and Tetranuclear Dysprosium Single-Molecule Magnets Bridged by Unprecedentedly Disassembled Nitrogen-Enriched Tetrazine Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19097-19105. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Han Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Da Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin150080, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin150080, P. R. China
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8
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Porȩba T, Racioppi S, Garbarino G, Morgenroth W, Mezouar M. Investigating the Structural Symmetrization of CsI 3 at High Pressures through Combined X-ray Diffraction Experiments and Theoretical Analysis. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10977-10985. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Porȩba
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Stefano Racioppi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Gaston Garbarino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Wolfgang Morgenroth
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
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9
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Singh J, Panda SK, Singh AK. Recent developments in supramolecular complexes of azabenzenes containing one to four N atoms: synthetic strategies, structures, and magnetic properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18945-18972. [PMID: 35873336 PMCID: PMC9240818 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last couple of decades, azabenzene-based ligands have drawn much attention from inorganic chemists due to their ability to coordinate with different metal ions to form supramolecular clusters. These azabenzenes are weak σ donors and strong π acceptors and electron-deficient. Metallogrid complexes and non-grid oligomers are well-defined supramolecular clusters, formed by appropriate chelating ligands, and can show interesting optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Self-assembly of [n × n] metallogrid complexes is dominated by the entropic factor while the formation of oligonuclear metal ion complexes is dominated by other effects like CFSE, electrostatic factors, ligand conformational characters, etc. Herein, the present article gives an overview of six-membered heterocyclic azine-based ligands and their potential for different metal ions to form polynuclear complexes. Moreover, their temperature-dependent magnetic properties and SCO phenomena are well described and tabulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 752 050 India
| | - Suvam Kumar Panda
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 752 050 India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 752 050 India
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Antimicrobial Biomaterial on Sutures, Bandages and Face Masks with Potential for Infection Control. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101932. [PMID: 35631817 PMCID: PMC9143446 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a challenge for the survival of the human race. The steady rise of resistant microorganisms against the common antimicrobials results in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Iodine and a plethora of plant secondary metabolites inhibit microbial proliferation. Antiseptic iodophors and many phytochemicals are unaffected by AMR. Surgical site and wound infections can be prevented or treated by utilizing such compounds on sutures and bandages. Coating surgical face masks with these antimicrobials can reduce microbial infections and attenuate their burden on the environment by re-use. The facile combination of Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller (AV), Trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) and Iodine (I2) encapsulated in a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix seems a promising alternative to common antimicrobials. The AV-PVP-TCA-I2 formulation was impregnated into sterile discs, medical gauze bandages, surgical sutures and face masks. Morphology, purity and composition were confirmed by several analytical methods. Antimicrobial activity of AV-PVP-TCA-I2 was investigated by disc diffusion methods against ten microbial strains in comparison to gentamycin and nystatin. AV-PVP-TCA-I2 showed excellent antifungal and strong to intermediate antibacterial activities against most of the selected pathogens, especially in bandages and face masks. The title compound has potential use for prevention or treatment of surgical site and wound infections. Coating disposable face masks with AV-PVP-TCA-I2 may be a sustainable solution for their re-use and waste management.
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11
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Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A. Novel cyclen-polyiodide complexes: a reappraisal of I-I covalent and secondary bond limits. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10728-10739. [PMID: 35293413 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00185c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular stabilization of polyiodides and iodine-dense phases is of high interest: this study explores the possibilities offered in this sense by diprotonated cyclen, affording two novel crystal structures. One of them contains at least one peculiar I⋯I interatomic distance (3.305(1) Å), falling well below the region commonly described by secondary bonding (3.4-3.7 Å) and essentially equal to the accepted limit for covalent bonding (3.30 Å): in other words, according to threshold distance values, we are relatively free to regard this interaction either as a bond or as contact. Lest the flip of a coin decides if we should or should not draw a bond in a polyiodide, statistical insights based on CSD surveys were used to put in perspective literature material and work out a meaningful assignment (as I82-). In doing so, we address how currently accepted threshold distance values came to be in the first place, their significance, soundness, and shortcomings in describing I82- and its formal fragments (I2, I3-, I5-). Discussion of the chemical meaning of the line representing bonding in I-I fragments in similar fringe cases, relating CSD data herein presented with the previous literature, is provided. Available information coincides quite well in supporting the necessity of a revision of broadly accepted threshold distance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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12
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Abstract
Iodine-dense polyiodide phases are interesting materials for a number of potential uses, including batteries and solid-state conductors. The incorporation of transition metal cations is considered a promising way to enhance the stability, tune the properties, and influence the architecture of polyiodides. However, several interesting metals, including Cu(II), may suffer redox processes, which generally make them not compatible with the I2/I− redox couple. Herein L, a simple derivative of cyclen, is proposed as a Cu(II) ligand capable of protecting the +2 oxidation state of the metal even in the presence of polyiodides. With a step by step approach, we report the crystal structure of free L; then we present spectrophotometric verification of Cu(II) complex stability, stoichiometry, and formation kinetic in DMF solution, together with Cu(II) binding mode elucidation via XRD analysis of [Cu(L)Cl]ClO4∙CH3CN crystals; afterwards, the stability of the CuL complex in the presence of I− is demonstrated in DMF solution, where the formation of a Cu:L:I− ternary complex, rather than reduction to Cu(I), is observed; lastly, polyiodide crystals are prepared, affording the [Cu(L)I]2I3I5 crystal structure. This layered structure is highly peculiar due to its chiral arrangement, opening further perspective for the crystal engineering of polyiodide phases.
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13
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Martínez-Camarena Á, Savastano M, Blasco S, Delgado-Pinar E, Giorgi C, Bianchi A, García-España E, Bazzicalupi C. Assembly of Polyiodide Networks with Cu(II) Complexes of Pyridinol-Based Tetraaza Macrocycles. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:368-383. [PMID: 34933551 PMCID: PMC8753606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polyiodide networks
are currently of great practical interest for
the preparation of new electronic materials. The participation of
metals in the formation of these networks is believed to improve their
mechanical performance and thermal stability. Here we report the results
on the construction of polyiodide networks obtained using Cu(II) complexes
of a series of pyridinol-based tetraazacyclophanes as countercations.
The assembly of these crystalline polyiodides takes place from aqueous
solutions on the basis of similar structural elements, the [CuL]2+ and [Cu(H–1L)]+ (L = L2, L2-Me, L2-Me3) complex cations, so that the peculiarities induced by the
increase of N-methylation of ligands, the structural variable of ligands,
can be highlighted. First, solution equilibria involving ligands and
complexes were analyzed (potentiometry, NMR, UV–vis, ITC).
Then, the appropriate conditions could be selected to prepare polyiodides
based on the above complex cations. Single-crystal XRD analysis showed
that the coordination of pyridinol units to two metal ions is a prime
feature of these ligands, leading to polymeric coordination chains
of general formula {[Cu(H–1L)]}nn+ (L = L2-Me, L2-Me3). In the presence of the I–/I2 couple, the polymerization tendency
stops with the formation of [(CuL)(CuH–1L)]3+ (L = L2-Me, L2-Me3) dimers which are surrounded by polyiodide networks. Moreover,
coordination of the pyridinol group to two metal ions transforms the
surface charge of the ring from negative to markedly positive, generating
a suitable environment for the assembly of polyiodide anions, while
N-methylation shifts the directional control of the assembly from
H-bonds to I···I interactions. In fact, an extended
concatenation of iodine atoms occurs around the complex dimeric cations,
the supramolecular I···I interactions become shorter
and shorter, fading into stronger forces dominated by the orbital
overlap, which is promising for effective electronic materials. Polyiodides with high iodine density
are generated by Cu(II)
complexes of pyridinol-based tetraazacyclophanes. Direct coordination
of iodine atoms to Cu(II), anion−π interactions with
electron-poor aromatic surfaces, and shift of the directional control
of assembly from H-bonds to I···I interactions, governed
by N-methylation, are the main elements leading to enhanced iodine
chaining and strengthening of I···I contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martínez-Camarena
- ICMol, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Salvador Blasco
- ICMol, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Estefanía Delgado-Pinar
- ICMol, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, CQC, University of Coimbra, P3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrique García-España
- ICMol, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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14
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Facile Synthesis of Bio-Antimicrobials with "Smart" Triiodides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123553. [PMID: 34200814 PMCID: PMC8230494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant pathogens are a rising danger for the future of mankind. Iodine (I2) is a centuries-old microbicide, but leads to skin discoloration, irritation, and uncontrolled iodine release. Plants rich in phytochemicals have a long history in basic health care. Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller (AV) and Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) are effectively utilized against different ailments. Previously, we investigated the antimicrobial activities of smart triiodides and iodinated AV hybrids. In this work, we combined iodine with Sage extracts and pure AV gel with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as an encapsulating and stabilizing agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-Ray-Diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the composition of AV-PVP-Sage-I2. Antimicrobial properties were investigated by disc diffusion method against 10 reference microbial strains in comparison to gentamicin and nystatin. We impregnated surgical sutures with our biohybrid and tested their inhibitory effects. AV-PVP-Sage-I2 showed excellent to intermediate antimicrobial activity in discs and sutures. The iodine within the polymeric biomaterial AV-PVP-Sage-I2 and the synergistic action of the two plant extracts enhanced the microbial inhibition. Our compound has potential for use as an antifungal agent, disinfectant and coating material on sutures to prevent surgical site infections.
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15
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Pitarch-Jarque J, Zaragozá RJ, Ballesteros R, Abarca B, Garcia-España E, Verdejo B, Ballesteros-Garrido R. About the relevance of anion-π interactions in water. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6834-6839. [PMID: 33912885 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00771h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Anion-π interactions are emerging as exotic features with potential applications in chemistry. In the last years, their relevance in living systems has been outlined, and so far there is no concluding significant evidence recognized about the participation of anion-π interactions in water because anion-π sensors contain large aromatic hydrophobic surfaces with limited solubility. By transforming a neutral heterocycle (for example quinoline) into its corresponding salt (quinolinium), we have been able to overcome these solubility issues, and new cationic water-soluble fluorophores have been prepared. Herein, we used N-alkylated heterocycles as π-acidic surfaces to shed light on the nature of anion-π in water by the direct measurement of the fluorescence and UV/Vis spectra in combination with DFT and X-ray analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pitarch-Jarque
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL), University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón J Zaragozá
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ballesteros
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Belen Abarca
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Enrique Garcia-España
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL), University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Verdejo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL), University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Ballesteros-Garrido
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Poręba T, Świątkowski M, Kruszyński R. Molecular self-assembly of 1D infinite polyiodide helices in a phenanthrolinium salt. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2800-2806. [PMID: 33533384 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new linear polymeric polyiodide, catena-poly[tris(1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium)tris(1,10-phenanthroline)heptaiodide], was prepared by one-step synthesis. Its formation is driven by hydrogen-bond assisted supramolecular assembly in the presence of chromium(iii) acetate. Its structure has been characterized by the means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To date, this is only one of the few examples of organized linear infinite polyiodides with a known structure. The interplay between the interactions within the hypervalent iodine chain and its supramolecular environment is elucidated. The electrical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of the studied compound were investigated and associated with the structural features. The infinite character of the polyiodide chain and its similarity to the blue starch-iodine complex has been additionally confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Despite the apparent structural and spectroscopic similarities with the previously reported 1D polymeric polyiodide, its physical properties, i.e. electrical conductivity and thermal stability, differ significantly. This can be rationalized by the differences in the orbital overlap within the iodine chain, as well as the distinct interactions with the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Poręba
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Marcin Świątkowski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Kruszyński
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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17
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Savastano M. Words in supramolecular chemistry: the ineffable advances of polyiodide chemistry. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1142-1165. [PMID: 33496303 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyiodide chemistry has a rich history deeply intertwined with the development of supramolecular chemistry. Technological and theoretical interest in polyiodides has not diminished in the last decade, quite the contrary; yet the advances this perspective intends to cover are muddled by the involution of supramolecular vocabulary, preventing their unbiased discussion. Herein we discuss the pressing necessity of ordering the current babel of novel - and less so - supramolecular terms. Shared decisions at the community level might be required to shape the field into a harmonious body of knowledge, dominated by concepts rather than words. Secondary, σ-hole and halogen bonding schools of thought are all addressed here, together with their respective impact on the field. Then, on the basis of a shared vocabulary, a discussion of polyiodide chemistry is presented, starting with a revisited view of triiodide. The contemporary fields of supramolecular caging and polyiodide networks are then discussed, with emphasis on how the terms we choose to use deeply affect scientific progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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18
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Fang S, Li E, Zhu D, Wu G, Zhang Q, Lin C, Huang F, Li H. A water-soluble naphthalenediimide-containing hexacationic cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6074-6077. [PMID: 34036999 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble cage containing three naphthalenediimide (NDI) units was synthesized in a one-pot manner without chromatographic purification, during which six irreversible C-N bonds formed simultaneously via an SN2 reaction. The cage was observed to be capable of accommodating a variety π-electron rich guests in a peripheral manner in water. However, for linear guests including I3- and I2, the cage is able to form an inclusion complex. Besides, in the solid state, the cage can absorb vapor of I2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Errui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Dingsheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Qinhao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Chuhao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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19
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Milašinović V, Molčanov K. Novel co-crystals with π-hole interactions between iodide anions and quinoid rings involving charge transfer. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six novel co-crystals of tetrabromoquinone with iodide salts of organic cations displaying short contacts between iodide anions and the quinoid rings have been structurally characterised.
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20
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Kim Y, Kang P, Jeon Y, Cho HM, Choi M. Anion‐Templated Self‐Assembly of Silver(I) Frameworks Bridged by μ‐, μ
3
‐, μ
4
‐1,2,4,
5‐Tetrazine. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Philjae Kang
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Yonggoon Jeon
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Korea Military Academy, 574 Hwarang‐ro, Nowon‐gu Seoul 01805 Korea
| | - Hyeon Mo Cho
- University College Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak‐ro, Yeonsu‐gu Incheon 21983 Korea
| | - Moon‐Gun Choi
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 Korea
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21
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Chen S, Chen Y, Xu Y, Chen W, Chen S, Hu L, Boulon G. Complexation-association-extraction spectrophotometric determination of Pt cations based on a multi-reagent analytical system with I - anions and 2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium cations. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5367-5379. [PMID: 33107867 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new multi-reagent analytical system with 2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride (CPVTI), which is a styryl hemicyanine cationic dye with good photostability and a high molar absorption coefficient, as its core is first established and utilized successfully to determine the content of Pt ions via a spectrophotometric method. The process involves two treatment steps: adding CPVTI and I solutions to the Pt solution to be detected, and then using butyl acetate for vortex liquid-liquid extraction. A Pt cation can be incorporated into the CPVTI cation with the help of an I- anion, initially converting the Pt cation into a [PtI6]2- complex anion. After forming a [PtI62-·2CPVTI+](aq) ion associate in the aqueous phase, the Pt cation can be extracted selectively by butyl acetate with maximum extraction efficiency, and exists as [PtI62-·2CPVTI+](org) in the extract phase. Via the formation of the iodo-complex of Pt and its ion associate with CPVTI, and the extraction with butyl acetate, Pt is selectively partitioned into the butyl acetate extractant in a step-by-step manner with good interference resistance. In the CPVTI-Pt-I analytical system, the charge state of CPVTI is retained by adjustment with H2SO4; the monovalent CPVTI+ presents a strong spectrophotometric absorbance signal at 530 nm with long-term stability, which allows determination of the Pt content. The system shows a high molar absorption coefficient of 6.52 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 at 530 nm, a lower limit of detection of 0.07 mg L-1, and a good Sandell's sensitivity of 0.0030 μg cm-2. Mechanistic analysis of the establishment of the system, concentration optimization, standard working curve, system sensitivity and stability, resistance against interference from diverse metal ions, and practical applications are investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
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22
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Stabilisation of Exotic Tribromide (Br 3-) Anions via Supramolecular Interaction with A Tosylated Macrocyclic Pyridinophane. A Serendipitous Case. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143155. [PMID: 32664239 PMCID: PMC7396983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraaza-macrocyclic pyridinophane L-Ts, decorated with a p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl; Ts) group, appear to be a useful tool to provide evidence on how the interplay of various supramolecular forces can help stabilise exotic anionic species such as tribromide (Br3−) anions. Indeed, crystals of (H2L-Ts)(Br3)1.5(NO3)0.5 unexpectedly grew from an acidic (HNO3) aqueous solution of L-Ts in the presence of Br− anions. The crystal structure of this compound was determined by single crystal XRD analysis. Hydrogen bonds, salt-bridges, anion-π, π-π stacking, and van der Waals interactions contribute to stabilising the crystal lattice. The observation of two independent Br3− anions stuck over the π-electron densities of pyridine and tosyl ligand groups, one of them being sandwiched between two pyridine rings, corroborates the significance of anion-π interactions for N-containing heterocycles. We show herein the possibility of detecting anion-π contacts from fingerprint plots generated by Hirshfeld surface analysis, demonstrating the effective usage of this structural investigation technique to further dissect individual contributions of stabilising supramolecular forces.
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23
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Genesis of Complex Polyiodide Networks: Insights on the Blue Box/I−/I2 Ternary System. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10050387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Stoddart’s blue box (BB) (cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene))/iodide binary system was recently demonstrated to give rise to porous three-dimensional networks which can hardly be classified as common XOF-type materials (X = M, C, S, i.e., metal, covalent, or supramolecular organic frameworks), leading to the definition of permutable organized frameworks (POFs). The ternary BB/iodide/iodine system was reported to generate pentaiodide-based structures constituted by the most complex interlocked polyiodides so far isolated (up to an infinite supramolecular pseudopolyrotaxane with a poly[3]catenane axle). The missing link, i.e., the XRD structure of the BB/triiodide complex, is herein reported: structural similarities and novel Raman evidence, opening perspectives in the genesis of solid-state BB-based complex polyiodide networks from solution.
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24
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Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A. Porous Frameworks Based on Supramolecular Ball Joints: Bringing Flexibility to Ordered 3D Lattices. Chemistry 2020; 26:5994-6005. [PMID: 32150318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
XOFs-type materials (X=M, C, S, that is, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks and supramolecular organic frameworks, respectively) share a common unifying feature: mutual spatial orientation of constituting components is strictly directional and unchanging by design. Herein, we illustrate an alternate design for porous architectures, as rigid joints constituted by coordinative (MOFs), covalent (COFs), or hydrogen-donor/acceptor (SOFs) bonds, are replaced by supramolecular ball joints, which confer unprecedented flexibility, especially angular, to porous networks. The obtained frameworks remain highly organized but are also permutable: lacking a forced convergence towards an immutable minimum energy structure, these systems remain able to adjust depending on external conditions. Results of POF (permutable organized framework) synthesis is a family of structures rather than a single pre-determined three-dimensional arrangement, as we demonstrate with an illustrative set of 5 XRD structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Dept. of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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25
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Stetsiuk O, Abhervé A, Avarvari N. 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine based ligands and complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5759-5777. [PMID: 32239040 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing nitrogen based aromatic heterocycles is 1,2,4,5-tetrazine or s-tetrazine (TTZ) thanks to its electron acceptor character and fluorescence properties and the possibilities of functionalization in the 3 and 6 positions allowing access to various ligands. In this review we focus on the two main families of TTZ based ligands, i.e. ditopic symmetric and monotopic non-symmetric, together with their metal complexes, with a special emphasis on their solid state structures and physical properties. After a description of the most representative complexes containing unsubstituted TTZ as a ligand, symmetric TTZ ligands and complexes derived thereof are discussed in the order: 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-tetrazine, 3,6-bis(3-pyridyl)-tetrazine, 3,6-bis(4-pyridyl)-tetrazine, 3,6-bis(2-pyrimidyl)-tetrazine, 3,6-bis(2-pyrazinyl)-tetrazine, 3,6-bis(monopicolylamine)-tetrazine, 3,6-bis(vanillin-hydrazinyl)-tetrazine and TTZ containing carboxylic acids. Remarkable results have been obtained in recent years for metal-organic frameworks and magnetic compounds in which magnetic coupling is enhanced when the tetrazine bridge is reduced to radical anions. Non-symmetric ligands, such as dipicolylamine-TTZ and monopicolylamine-TTZ, are comparatively more recent than the symmetric ones. They allow in principle the preparation of mononuclear complexes in a controlled manner, although binuclear complexes have been isolated as well. Moreover, in the monopicolylamine-TTZ-Cl ligand, deprotonation of the amine, thanks to the electron acceptor character of TTZ, afforded a negatively charged ligand equivalent of a guanidinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Stetsiuk
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRS, UNIV Angers, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 ANGERS Cedex, France.
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26
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Martínez-Camarena Á, Savastano M, Llinares JM, Verdejo B, Bianchi A, García-España E, Bazzicalupi C. Stabilization of polyiodide networks with Cu(ii) complexes of small methylated polyazacyclophanes: shifting directional control from H-bonds to I⋯I interactions. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of hydrogen bonds and iodine–iodine interactions, both covalent and supramolecular, unlocks novel possibilities for the construction of transition metal-polyiodide hybrid networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - José M. Llinares
- ICMol
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- Paterna
- Spain
| | - Begoña Verdejo
- ICMol
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- Paterna
- Spain
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | | | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
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27
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Short J, Blundell TJ, Yang S, Sahin O, Shakespeare Y, Smith EL, Wallis JD, Martin L. Synthesis and structures of polyiodide radical cation salts of donors combining tetrathiafulvalene with multiple thiophene or oligo-thiophene substituents. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and structures of the radical cation salts of a series of new TTF-based donors bearing thiophene or oligothiophene side chains with polyiodide counterions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Short
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Toby J. Blundell
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Songjie Yang
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Onur Sahin
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Yiana Shakespeare
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Emma L. Smith
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - John D. Wallis
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Lee Martin
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham
- UK
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28
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Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, Gellini C, Bianchi A. Infinite supramolecular pseudo-polyrotaxane with poly[3]catenane axle: assembling nanosized rings from mono- and diatomic I - and I 2 tectons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:551-554. [PMID: 31829344 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and diatomic I- and I2 building blocks, despite their simplicity, can be used to generate complex hierarchical self-assembled architectures. Herein, the construction of a modular supramolecular poly[3]catenane and its conversion into the axle of an infinite supramolecular pseudo-polyrotaxane were achieved in a seamless process from the starting materials. The unique structural features, directionality, and iodine density of the obtained crystals demonstrate the benefits of a supramolecular design for polyiodide networks intended as solid-state conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Cristina Gellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Immobilization of Polyiodide Redox Species in Porous Carbon for Battery-Like Electrodes in Eco-Friendly Hybrid Electrochemical Capacitors. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101413. [PMID: 31623401 PMCID: PMC6835913 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid electrochemical capacitors have emerged as attractive energy storage option, which perfectly fill the gap between electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and batteries, combining in one device the high power of the former and the high energy of the latter. We show that the charging characteristics of the positive carbon electrode are transformed to behave like a battery operating at nearly constant potential after it is polarized in aqueous iodide electrolyte (1 mol L−1 NaI). Thermogravimetric analysis of the positive carbon electrode confirms the decomposition of iodides trapped inside the carbon pores in a wide temperature range from 190 °C to 425 °C, while Raman spectra of the positive electrode show characteristic peaks of I3− and I5− at 110 and 160 cm−1, respectively. After entrapment of polyiodides in the carbon pores by polarization in 1 mol L−1 NaI, the positive electrode retains the battery-like behavior in another cell, where it is coupled with a carbon-based negative electrode in aqueous NaNO3 electrolyte without any redox species. This new cell (theiodide-ion capacitor) demonstrates the charging characteristics of a hybrid capacitor with capacitance values comparable to the one using 1 mol L−1 NaI. The constant capacitance profile of the new hybrid cell in aqueous NaNO3 for 5000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at 0.5 A g−1 shows that iodide species are confined to the positive battery-like electrode exhibiting negligible potential decay during self-discharge tests, and their shuttling to the negative electrode is prevented in this system.
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Savastano M, García-Gallarín C, López de la Torre MD, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Anion-π and lone pair-π interactions with s-tetrazine-based ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Stetsiuk O, Petrusenko SR, Sorace L, Lupan A, Attia AAA, Kokozay VN, El-Ghayoury A, Avarvari N. Versatile coordination behaviour of the chloro-tetrazine-picolylamine ligand: mixed-valence binuclear Cu(i)/Cu(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11966-11977. [PMID: 31313787 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02379h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 3-Cl-6-amino-(2'-picolyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ligand HL1 has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Its versatile coordination behavior has been evidenced through reactions with Cu(Hfac)2 and Cu(triflate)2 precursors, which provided mixed-valence bimetallic Cu1.5Cu1.5 complexes [Cu2(μ-Cl)(L1)2] 2 and [Cu2(μ-triflate)(L1)2] 5. Changing the Cu(ii) precursor and the solvent leads to the formation of mononuclear octahedral Cu(ii) complexes [CuCl2(HL1)2]·2CH3CN 3 and [Cu(Hfac)2(HL1)] 4, in which only the amino-pyridine unit is involved in the coordination of the metal center. In contrast, in complexes 2 and 5, the ligands are deprotonated and bridge the metal centers as pyridine-amido-tetrazine fragments, while a bridging chloride or triflate ligand completes the coordination sphere of the metal ions. The Cu-Cu distances of 2.4313(4) Å in 2 and 2.5198(10) Å in 5 lie among the shorter values within mixed-valence bimetallic Cu complexes. Mixed-valence character is strongly supported by DFT calculations, showing the equal repartition of the unpaired electron between the two metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Stetsiuk
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRS, UNIV Angers, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 ANGERS Cedex, France. and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana R Petrusenko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" and UdR INSTM, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alexandru Lupan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amr A A Attia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vladimir N Kokozay
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str. 64/13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Abdelkrim El-Ghayoury
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRS, UNIV Angers, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 ANGERS Cedex, France.
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRS, UNIV Angers, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045 ANGERS Cedex, France.
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Savastano M, García-Gallarín C, Giorgi C, Gratteri P, López de la Torre MD, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Solid State and Solution Study on the Formation of Inorganic Anion Complexes with a Series of Tetrazine-Based Ligands. Molecules 2019; 24:E2247. [PMID: 31208109 PMCID: PMC6631435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four molecules (L1-L4) constituted by an s-tetrazine ring appended with two identical aliphatic chains of increasing length bearing terminal morpholine groups were studied as anion receptors in water. The basicity properties of these molecules were also investigated. Speciation of the anion complexes formed in solution and determination of their stability constants were performed by means of potentiometric (pH-metric) titrations, while further information was obtained by NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements. The crystal structures of two neutral ligands (L3, L4) and of their H2L3(ClO4)2∙2H2O, H2L4(ClO4)2∙2H2O, H2L3(PF6)2, and H2L3(PF6)2∙2H2O anion complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The formation of anion-π interactions is the leitmotiv of these complexes, both in solution and in the solid state, although hydrogen bonding and/or formation of salt-bridges can contribute to their stability. Evidence of the ability of these ligands to form anion-π interactions is given by the observation that even the neutral (not-protonated) molecules bind anions in water to form complexes of significant stability, including elusive OH- anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, and Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | | | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Stabilization of Supramolecular Networks of Polyiodides with Protonated Small Tetra-azacyclophanes. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyiodide chemistry is among the first historically reported examples of supramolecular forces at work. To date, owing to the increasingly recognized role of halogen bonding and the incorporation of iodine-based components in several devices, it remains an active field of theoretical and applied research. Herein we re-examine azacyclophanes as a class of ligands for the stabilization of iodine-dense three-dimensional networks, showing how we devised novel possible strategies starting from literature material. The new set of azacyclophane ligands affords novel crystal structures possessing intriguing properties, which develop on a double layer. At a macroscopic level, the obtained networks possess a very high iodine packing density (less than 2 times more diluted than crystalline I2): a simple parameter, IN, is also introduced to quickly measure and compare iodine packing density in different crystals. On the microscopic level, the present study provides evidence about the ability of one of the ligands to act as a three-dimensional supramolecular mold for the template synthesis of the rarely observed heptaiodide (I7−) anion. Therefore, we believe our approach and strategy might be relevant for crystal engineering purposes.
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Wzgarda-Raj K, Rybarczyk-Pirek AJ, Wojtulewski S, Pindelska E, Palusiak M. Oxidation of 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide upon iodine agent: structural and FT-IR studies on charge-assisted hydrogen bonds CAHB(+) and I…I halogen interactions in 2,2′-dithiobis(pyridine N-oxide) ionic cocrystal. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-1290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, García-Gallarín C, López de la Torre MD, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Supramolecular forces and their interplay in stabilizing complexes of organic anions: tuning binding selectivity in water. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01152d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of different supramolecular forces in stabilizing organic anion complexes with s-tetrazine-based ligands in aqueous solution: a microscopic description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
- CSGI
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University of Jaén
- 23071 Jaén
- Spain
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Gregolińska H, Majewski M, Chmielewski PJ, Gregoliński J, Chien A, Zhou J, Wu YL, Bae YJ, Wasielewski MR, Zimmerman PM, Stępień M. Fully Conjugated [4]Chrysaorene. Redox-Coupled Anion Binding in a Tetraradicaloid Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14474-14480. [PMID: 30289699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[4]Chrysaorene, a fully conjugated carbocyclic coronoid, is shown to be a low-bandgap π-conjugated system with a distinct open-shell character. The system shows good chemical stability and can be oxidized to well-defined radical cation and dication states. The cavity of [4]chrysaorene acts as an anion receptor toward halide ions with a particular selectivity toward iodides ( Ka = 207 ± 6 M-1). The interplay between anion binding and redox chemistry is demonstrated using a 1H NMR analysis in solution. In particular, a well-resolved, paramagnetically shifted spectrum of the [4]chrysaorene radical cation is observed, providing evidence for the inner binding of the iodide. The radical cation-iodide adduct can be generated in thin solid films of [4] chrysaorene by simple exposure to diiodine vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gregolińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marcin Majewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Janusz Gregoliński
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Alan Chien
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
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Kuzniak E, Pinkowicz D, Hooper J, Srebro-Hooper M, Hetmańczyk Ł, Podgajny R. Molecular Deformation, Charge Flow, and Spongelike Behavior in Anion-π {[M(CN)4
]2−
;[HAT(CN)6
]}∞
(M=Ni, Pd, Pt) Supramolecular Stacks. Chemistry 2018; 24:16302-16314. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kuzniak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - James Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Monika Srebro-Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Łukasz Hetmańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
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Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, García-Gallarín C, Giorgi C, López de la Torre MD, Pichierri F, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Halide and hydroxide anion binding in water. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3329-3338. [PMID: 29423483 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation of halide and hydroxide anion complexes with two ligands L1 (3,6-bis(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) and L2 (3,6-bis(morpholin-4-ylethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) was studied in aqueous solution, by means of potentiometric and ITC procedures. In the solid state, HF2-, Cl- and Br- complexes of H2L22+ were analysed by single crystal XRD measurements. Further information on the latter was obtained with the use of density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The presence of two halide or bifluoride HF2- (F-H-F-) anions forming anion-π interactions, respectively above and below the ligand tetrazine ring, is the leitmotiv of the [(H2L2)X2] (X = HF2, Cl, Br, I) complexes in the solid state, while hydrogen bonding between the anions and protonated morpholine ligand groups contributes to strengthen the anion-ligand interaction, in particular in the case of Cl- and Br-. In contrast to the solid state, only the anion : ligand complexes of 1 : 1 stoichiometry were found in solution. The stability of these complexes displays the peculiar trend I- > F- > Br- > Cl- which was rationalized in terms of electrostatic, hydrogen bond, anion-π interactions and solvent effects. DFT calculations performed on [(H2L2)X]+ (X = F, Cl, Br, I) in PCM water suggested that the ligand assumes a U-shaped conformation to form one anion-π and two salt bridge interactions with the included anions and furnished structural information to interpret the solvation effects affecting complex formation. The formation of hydroxide anion complexes with neutral (not protonated) L1 and L2 molecules represents an unprecedented case in water. The stability of the [L(OH)]- (L = L1, L2) complexes is comparable to or higher than the stability of halide complexes with protonated ligand molecules, their formation being promoted by largely favourable enthalpic contributions that prevail over unfavourable entropic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Network Formation via Anion Coordination: Crystal Structures Based on the Interplay of Non-Covalent Interactions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030572. [PMID: 29510481 PMCID: PMC6017772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and the structural characterization of new H2L(CF3CO2)2 (1) and H2L(Ph2PO4)2 (2) compounds containing the diprotonated form (H2L2+) of the tetrazine-based molecule 3,6-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of single crystals of these compounds showed that H2L2+ displays similar binding properties toward both anions when salt bridge interactions are taken into account. Nevertheless, the different shapes, sizes and functionalities of trifluoroacetate and diphenyl phosphate anions define quite different organization patterns leading to the peculiar crystal lattices of 1 and 2. These three-dimensional (3D) architectures are self-assembled by a variety of non-covalent forces, among which prominent roles are played by fluorine–π (in 1) and anion–π (in 2) interactions.
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Savastano M, García C, López de la Torre MD, Pichierri F, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Interplay between salt bridge, hydrogen bond and anion-π interactions in thiocyanate binding. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abate A, Correa-Baena JP, Saliba M, Su'ait MS, Bella F. Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Laboratory to the Assembly Line. Chemistry 2017; 24:3083-3100. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- MIT Photovoltaic Research Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Michael Saliba
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 3 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mohd Sukor Su'ait
- Solar Energy Research Institute; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Malaysia
| | - Federico Bella
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology DISAT; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
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