1
|
Zhao X, Kolbinger FR, Distler M, Weitz J, Makarov D, Bachmann M, Baraban L. Portable droplet-based real-time monitoring of pancreatic α-amylase in postoperative patients. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116034. [PMID: 38359666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery are frequent and can be life-threatening. Current clinical diagnostic strategies involve time-consuming quantification of α-amylase activity in abdominal drain fluid, which is performed on the first and third postoperative day. The lack of real-time monitoring may delay adjustment of medical treatment upon complications and worsen prognosis for patients. We report a bedside portable droplet-based millifluidic device enabling real-time sensing of drain α-amylase activity for postoperative monitoring of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. Here, a tiny amount of drain liquid of patient samples is continuously collected and co-encapsulated with a starch reagent in nanoliter-sized droplets to track the fluorescence intensity released upon reaction with α-amylase. Comparing the α-amylase levels of 32 patients, 97 % of the results of the droplet-based millifluidic system matched the clinical data. Our method reduces the α-amylase assay duration to approximately 3 min with the limit of detection 7 nmol/s·L, enabling amylase activity monitoring at the bedside in clinical real-time. The presented droplet-based platform can be extended for analysis of different body fluids, diseases, and towards a broader range of biomarkers, including lipase, bilirubin, lactate, inflammation, or liquid biopsy markers, paving the way towards new standards in postoperative patient monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinne Zhao
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Fiona R Kolbinger
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav. Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav. Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav. Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V, 01328, Dresden, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang X, Borkum T, Shprits S, Boen J, Arshavsky-Graham S, Rofman B, Strauss M, Colodner R, Sulam J, Halachmi S, Leonard H, Segal E. Accurate Prediction of Antimicrobial Susceptibility for Point-of-Care Testing of Urine in Less than 90 Minutes via iPRISM Cassettes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303285. [PMID: 37587020 PMCID: PMC10625094 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The extensive and improper use of antibiotics has led to a dramatic increase in the frequency of antibiotic resistance among human pathogens, complicating infectious disease treatments. In this work, a method for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is presented using microstructured silicon diffraction gratings integrated into prototype devices, which enhance bacteria-surface interactions and promote bacterial colonization. The silicon microstructures act also as optical sensors for monitoring bacterial growth upon exposure to antibiotics in a real-time and label-free manner via intensity-based phase-shift reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements (iPRISM). Rapid AST using clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from urine is established and the assay is applied directly on unprocessed urine samples from urinary tract infection patients. When coupled with a machine learning algorithm trained on clinical samples, the iPRISM AST is able to predict the resistance or susceptibility of a new clinical sample with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of ∼ 0.85 in 1 h, and AUC > 0.9 in 90 min, when compared to state-of-the-art automated AST methods used in the clinic while being an order of magnitude faster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Talya Borkum
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Sagi Shprits
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3104800, Israel
| | - Joseph Boen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Clark 320B, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Baruch Rofman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Merav Strauss
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, 1834111, Israel
| | - Raul Colodner
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, 1834111, Israel
| | - Jeremias Sulam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Clark 320B, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sarel Halachmi
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3104800, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Heidi Leonard
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saxena S, Punjabi K, Ahamad N, Singh S, Bendale P, Banerjee R. Nanotechnology Approaches for Rapid Detection and Theranostics of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacterial Infections. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2232-2257. [PMID: 35546526 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As declared by WHO, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a high priority issue with a pressing need to develop impactful technologies to curb it. The rampant and inappropriate use of antibiotics due to the lack of adequate and timely diagnosis is a leading cause behind AMR evolution. Unfortunately, populations with poor economic status and those residing in densely populated areas are the most affected ones, frequently leading to emergence of AMR pathogens. Classical approaches for AMR diagnostics like phenotypic methods, biochemical assays, and molecular techniques are cumbersome and resource-intensive and involve a long turnaround time to yield confirmatory results. In contrast, recent emergence of nanotechnology-assisted approaches helps to overcome challenges in classical approaches and offer simpler, more sensitive, faster, and more affordable solutions for AMR diagnostics. Nanomaterial platforms (metallic, quantum-dot, carbon-based, upconversion, etc.), nanoparticle-based rapid point-of-care platforms, nano-biosensors (optical, mechanical, electrochemical), microfluidic-assisted devices, and importantly, nanotheranostic devices for diagnostics with treatment of AMR infections are examples of rapidly growing nanotechnology approaches used for AMR management. This review comprehensively summarizes the past 10 years of research progress on nanotechnology approaches for AMR diagnostics and for estimating antimicrobial susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics. This review also highlights several bottlenecks in nanotechnology approaches that need to be addressed prior to considering their translation to clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Survanshu Saxena
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kapil Punjabi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nadim Ahamad
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Subhasini Singh
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Prachi Bendale
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen-Le TA, Bartsch T, Wodtke R, Brandt F, Arndt C, Feldmann A, Sandoval Bojorquez DI, Roig AP, Ibarlucea B, Lee S, Baek CK, Cuniberti G, Bergmann R, Puentes-Cala E, Soto JA, Kurien BT, Bachmann M, Baraban L. Nanosensors in clinical development of CAR-T cell immunotherapy. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114124. [PMID: 35272215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using CAR-T cells is a new technological paradigm for cancer treatment. To avoid severe side effects and tumor escape variants observed for conventional CAR-T cells approach, adaptor CAR technologies are under development, where intermediate target modules redirect immune cells against cancer. In this work, silicon nanowire field-effect transistors are used to develop target modules for an optimized CAR-T cell operation. Focusing on a library of seven variants of E5B9 peptide that is used as CAR targeting epitope, we performed multiplexed binding tests using nanosensor chips. These peptides had been immobilized onto the sensor to compare the transistor signals upon titration with anti-La 5B9 antibodies. The correlation of binding affinities and sensor sensitivities enabled a selection of candidates for the interaction between CAR and target modules. An extremely low detection limit was observed for the sensor, down to femtomolar concentration, outperforming the current assay of the same purpose. Finally, the CAR T-cells redirection capability of selected peptides in target modules was proven successful in an in-vitro cytotoxicity assay. Our results open the perspective for the nanosensors to go beyond the early diagnostics in clinical cancer research towards developing and monitoring immunotherapeutic treatment, where the quantitative analysis with the standard techniques is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Anh Nguyen-Le
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tabea Bartsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Brandt
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany; Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany; Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Isabel Sandoval Bojorquez
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arnau Perez Roig
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ki Baek
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany; Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edinson Puentes-Cala
- Corporación para la Investigación de la Corrosión (CIC), Piedecuesta, 681011, Colombia
| | | | - Biji T Kurien
- The Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany; Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany. Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Dual pH/O 2 Sensing Film Based on Functionalized Electrospun Nanofibers for Real-Time Monitoring of Cellular Metabolism. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051586. [PMID: 35268687 PMCID: PMC8911770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH is of great significance for understanding cellular metabolism. Herein, a dual optical pH/O2 sensing membrane was prepared by the electrospinning method. Cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber membrane blended with platinum (II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP) was used as the DO sensing matrix, upon which electrospun nanofiber membrane of chitosan (CS) coupled with fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the pH sensing matrix. The electrospun sensing film prepared from biocompatible biomaterials presented good response to a wide range of DO concentrations and physiological pH. We used it to monitor the exracellular acidification and oxygen consumption levels of cells and bacteria. This sensing film can provide a luminescence signal change as the DO and pH change in the growth microenvironment. Due to its advantages of good biocompatibility and high stability, we believe that the dual functional film has a high value in the field of biotechnology research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lessmann ME, Guducu C, Ibarlucea B, Hummel T. Electrophysiological Recordings from the Olfactory Epithelium and Human Brain in Response to Stimulation with HLA Related Peptides. Neuroscience 2021; 473:44-51. [PMID: 34407460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In many species, social communication and mate choice are influenced by olfactory cues associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). It has been reported that humans also respond to olfactory signals related to the human MHC-equivalent, the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)-System, and exhibit an olfactory-mediated preference for potential mating partners with a dissimilar, disassortative, HLA-type compared to their own. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HLA-associated peptides, presented as volatile cues, elicit neuronal responses at the receptors in the human olfactory epithelium and can be consciously perceived. To this end the discrimination ability for peptides was tested in a 3-alternative forced choice model. Furthermore electro-olfactograms of the olfactory epithelium and EEG-derived chemosensory event related potentials were recorded using precisely controlled olfactometric stimulation with peptides and control odors. Based on responses from 52 young, healthy participants the peptides could not be discriminated and the electrophysiological signals provided no evidence for a specific response to the peptides which was in contrast to the control odors. In conclusion, within the current setup the results suggest that HLA-associated peptides do not produce specific olfactory activation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Elisabeth Lessmann
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Cagdas Guducu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Using Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use and mismanagement of antibiotics over the last eight decades have led to one of the main challenges humanity will have to face in the next twenty years in terms of public health and economy, i.e., antimicrobial resistance. One of the key approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance is clinical, livestock, and environmental surveillance applying methods capable of effectively identifying antimicrobial non-susceptibility as well as genes that promote resistance. Current clinical laboratory practices involve conventional culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods, taking over 24 h to find out which medication should be prescribed to treat the infection. Although there are techniques that provide rapid resistance detection, it is necessary to have new tools that are easy to operate, are robust, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive. Chemical sensors and biosensors are devices that could have the necessary characteristics for the rapid diagnosis of resistant microorganisms and could provide crucial information on the choice of antibiotic (or other antimicrobial medicines) to be administered. This review provides an overview on novel biosensing strategies for the phenotypic and genotypic determination of antimicrobial resistance and a perspective on the use of these tools in modern health-care and environmental surveillance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Bioelectronics explores the use of electronic devices for applications in signal transduction at their interfaces with biological systems. The miniaturization of the bioelectronic systems has enabled seamless integration at these interfaces and is providing new scientific and technological opportunities. In particular, nanowire-based devices can yield smaller sized and unique geometry detectors that are difficult to access with standard techniques, and thereby can provide advantages in sensitivity with reduced invasiveness. In this review, we focus on nanowire-enabled bioelectronics. First, we provide an overview of synthetic studies for designed growth of semiconductor nanowires of which structure and composition are controlled to enable key elements for bioelectronic devices. Second, we review nanowire field-effect transistor sensors for highly sensitive detection of biomolecules, their applications in diagnosis and drug discovery, and methods for sensitivity enhancement. We then turn to recent progress in nanowire-enabled studies of electrogenic cells, including cardiomyocytes and neurons. Representative advances in electrical recording using nanowire electronic devices for single cell measurements, cell network mapping, and three-dimensional recordings of synthetic and natural tissues, and in vivo brain mapping are highlighted. Finally, we overview the key challenges and opportunities of nanowires for fundamental research and translational applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Duan M, Zhong X, Zhao X, El-Agnaf OM, Lee YK, Bermak A. An Optical and Temperature Assisted CMOS ISFET Sensor Array for Robust E. Coli Detection. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021; 15:497-508. [PMID: 34043514 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2021.3084540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Both bacterial viability and concentration are significant metrics for bacterial detection. Existing miniaturized and cost-effective single-mode sensor, pH or optical, can only be skilled at detecting single information viability or concentration. This paper presents an inverter-based CMOS ion-sensitive-field-effect-transistor (ISFET) sensor array, featuring bacterial pH detection which is an indicator of viability. The proposed design realizes pH detection using the native passivation layer of CMOS process as a sensing layer and configuring an inverter-based front-end as a capacitive feedback amplifier. This sensor array is assisted by temperature sensing and optical detection which reveals bacterial concentration. The optical detection is enabled using the leakage current of a reset switch as a response to a light source. While in reset mode, the inverter-based amplifier works as a temperature sensor that could help to reduce temperature influences on pH and optical detection. All the functionalities are realized using one single inverter-based amplifier, resulting in a compact pixel structure and largely relaxed design complexity for the sensor system. Fabricated in 0.18 μm standard CMOS process, the proposed CMOS sensor array system achieves an amplified pH sensitivity of 221 mV/pH, an improved sensor resolution of 0.03 pH through systematic noise optimization, a linear optical response, and a maximum temperature error of 0.69 °C. The sensing capabilities of the proposed design are demonstrated through on-chip Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection. This study may be extended to a rapid and cost-effective platform that renders multiple information of bacterial samples.
Collapse
|
10
|
Klinghammer S, Voitsekhivska T, Licciardello N, Kim K, Baek CK, Cho H, Wolter KJ, Kirschbaum C, Baraban L, Cuniberti G. Nanosensor-Based Real-Time Monitoring of Stress Biomarkers in Human Saliva Using a Portable Measurement System. ACS Sens 2020; 5:4081-4091. [PMID: 33270427 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules with no or little charge are considered to have minimal impact on signals measured by field effect transistor (FET) sensors. This fact typically excludes steroids from the family of analytes, detected by FETs. We present a portable multiplexed platform based on an array of nanowire sensors for label-free monitoring of daytime levels of the stress hormone cortisol in saliva samples, obtained from multiple donors. To achieve an effective quantification of the cortisol with FETs, we rely on the specific DNA aptamer sequences as receptors, bringing the complex "target-receptor" closer to the nanowire surface. Upon binding, cortisol induces conformational changes of negatively charged aptamers, wrapping it into a close proximity to the silicon nanowires, to efficiently modulate their surface potential. Thus, the sensors allow for a real-time assessment of the steroid biomarkers at low nanomolar concentration. The measurement platform is designed in a building-block concept, consisting of a modular measuring unit and a customizable biochip board, and operates using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-integrated multiplexer. The platform is capable of continuous and simultaneous measurement of samples from multiple patients. Cortisol levels detected with the presented platform agreed well with the results obtained with a commercial high-sensitivity immunoassay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klinghammer
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tetiana Voitsekhivska
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Electronic Packaging Technology and Center of Microtechnical Manufacturing, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadia Licciardello
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Baek
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsu Cho
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Wolter
- Institute of Electronic Packaging Technology and Center of Microtechnical Manufacturing, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz Center Dresden Rossendorf e.V., 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lim T, Kim EG, Choi J, Kwon S. A high-throughput cell culture system based on capillary and centrifugal actions for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4552-4560. [PMID: 33169754 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to modern society. Rapid determination of suitable antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth can effectively reduce antibiotic resistance and improve clinical treatment. The conventional methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) depend on optical density measurements, which require long-time incubation. Various kinds of rapid AST systems which utilize various technologies from the field of lab on a chip have promised a great reduction in measurement time, but cannot achieve high-throughput, user-friendly testing due to the complexity of the testing system. Here, we introduce a capillary and centrifuge-based rapid AST system that reduces the time of loading the sample and culture media while achieving a high-throughput testing capacity. The capability of the proposed system is validated in a systematic analysis that includes sample loading characteristics and AST trials with standard strains. The proposed system provides a useful tool for drug testing in cell-culture systems with user-friendly and high-throughput analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taegeun Lim
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul National University Hospital CMI, Seoul, 03082, Republic of Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Geun Kim
- Lowendtechnologies Co., Anyang, 14056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Seoul National University Hospital CMI, Seoul, 03082, Republic of Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bolotsky A, Muralidharan R, Butler D, Root K, Murray W, Liu Z, Ebrahimi A. Organic redox-active crystalline layers for reagent-free electrochemical antibiotic susceptibility testing (ORACLE-AST). Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 172:112615. [PMID: 33166804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is critical in determining bacterial resistance or susceptibility to a particular antibiotic. Simple-to-use phenotype-based AST platforms can assist care-givers in timely prescription of the right antibiotic. Monitoring the change of bacterial viability by measuring electrochemical Faradaic current is a promising approach for rapid AST. However, the existing works require mixing redox-active reagents in the solution which can interfere with the antibiotics. In this paper, we developed a facile electrodeposition process for creating a redox-active crystalline layer (denoted as RZx) on pyrolytic graphite sheets (PGS), which was then utilized as the sensing layer for reagent-free electrochemical AST. To demonstrate the proof-of-principle, we tested the sensors with Escherichia coli (E. coli) K-12 treated with two antibiotics, ampicillin and kanamycin. While the sensors enable detection of bacterial metabolism mainly due to pH-sensitivity of RZx (∼ 53 mV/pH), secreted redox-active metabolites/compounds from whole cells are likely contributing to the signal as well. By monitoring the differential voltammetric signals, the sensors enable accurate prediction of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in 60 min (p < 0.03). The sensors are stable after 60 days storage in ambient conditions and enable analysis of microbial viability in complex solutions, as demonstrated in spiked milk and human whole blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bolotsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ritvik Muralidharan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Derrick Butler
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kayla Root
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - William Murray
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Aida Ebrahimi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schütt J, Sandoval Bojorquez DI, Avitabile E, Oliveros Mata ES, Milyukov G, Colditz J, Delogu LG, Rauner M, Feldmann A, Koristka S, Middeke JM, Sockel K, Fassbender J, Bachmann M, Bornhäuser M, Cuniberti G, Baraban L. Nanocytometer for smart analysis of peripheral blood and acute myeloid leukemia: a pilot study. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6572-6581. [PMID: 32786943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We realize an ultracompact nanocytometer for real-time impedimetric detection and classification of subpopulations of living cells. Nanoscopic nanowires in a microfluidic channel act as nanocapacitors and measure in real time the change of the amplitude and phase of the output voltage and, thus, the electrical properties of living cells. We perform the cell classification in the human peripheral blood (PBMC) and demonstrate for the first time the possibility to discriminate monocytes and subpopulations of lymphocytes in a label-free format. Further, we demonstrate that the PBMC of acute myeloid leukemia and healthy samples grant the label free identification of the disease. Using the algorithm based on machine learning, we generated specific data patterns to discriminate healthy donors and leukemia patients. Such a solution has the potential to improve the traditional diagnostics approaches with respect to the overall cost and time effort, in a label-free format, and restrictions of the complex data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schütt
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Isabel Sandoval Bojorquez
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Avitabile
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via muroni 23, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sergio Oliveros Mata
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gleb Milyukov
- Samsung R&D Institute Russia (SRR), 127018 Moscow, Russia
| | - Juliane Colditz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via muroni 23, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, via Ugo bassi 58, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Rauner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koristka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Moritz Middeke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Sockel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duan M, Zhong X, Xu J, Lee YK, Bermak A. A High Offset Distribution Tolerance High Resolution ISFET Array With Auto-Compensation for Long-Term Bacterial Metabolism Monitoring. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:463-476. [PMID: 32149695 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.2977960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a CMOS ion-sensitive-field-effect-transistor (ISFET) array with superior offset distribution tolerance, resolution and linearity for long-term bacterial metabolism monitoring. A floating gate ISFET is adopted as the sensing front end to maximize ion sensitivity and support ultra-long-term measurement. To solve the DC offset issue induced by trapped chargers and drifts in each ISFET sensor, a complementary readout scheme with column offset compensation is proposed. P-type and N-type source followers are combined to cover a wide range of input DC offsets while maintaining small area and high linearity. The DC offset is digitally compensated during signal readout to facilitate global amplification and quantization. Fabricated in 0.18 μm standard CMOS process, the ISFET array can tolerate an offset distribution beyond power supply with a linear pH-to-output response. Due to high ion sensitivity and low circuit noise, the whole system achieves a high resolution of 0.017 pH. The proposed ISFET system has successfully demonstrated an accurate pH monitoring of normal Escherichis coli growth for 11 hours and its response to antibiotics, showing long-term bacterial metabolism monitoring capability.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Wang C, Nie Y, Yao B, Hu H. Nanofabrication enabled lab-on-a-chip technology for the manipulation and detection of bacteria. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
16
|
Yeor-Davidi E, Zverzhinetsky M, Krivitsky V, Patolsky F. Real-time monitoring of bacterial biofilms metabolic activity by a redox-reactive nanosensors array. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:81. [PMID: 32448291 PMCID: PMC7247256 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial biofilms are communities of surface-associated microorganisms living in cellular clusters or micro-colonies, encapsulated in a complex matrix composed of an extracellular polymeric substance, separated by open water channels that act as a circulatory system that enable better diffusion of nutrients and easier removal of metabolic waste products. The monitoring of biofilms can provide important information on fundamental biofilm-related processes. That information can shed light on the bacterial processes and enable scientists to find ways of preventing future bacterial infections. Various approaches in use for biofilm analysis are based on microscopic, spectrochemical, electrochemical, and piezoelectrical methods. All these methods provide significant progress in understanding the bio-process related to biofilm formation and eradication, nevertheless, the development of novel approaches for the real-time monitoring of biochemical, in particular metabolic activity, of bacterial species during the formation, life and eradication of biofilms is of great potential importance. RESULTS Here, detection and monitoring of the metabolic activity of bacterial biofilms in high-ionic-strength solutions were enabled as a result of novel surface modification by an active redox system, composed of 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene/9,10-anthraquinone, on the oxide layer of the SiNW, yielding a chemically-gated FET array. With the use of enzymatic reactions of oxidases, metabolites can be converted to H2O2 and monitored by the nanosensors. Here, the successful detection of glucose metabolites in high-ionic-strength solutions, such as bacterial media, without pre-processing of small volume samples under different conditions and treatments, has been demonstrated. The biofilms were treated with antibiotics differing in their mechanisms of action and were compared to untreated biofilms. Further examination of biofilms under antibiotic treatment with SiNW-FET devices could shed light on the bioprocess that occurs within the biofilm. Moreover, finding proper treatment that eliminates the biofilm could be examined by the novel nanosensor as a monitoring tool. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, the combination of redox-reactive SiNW-FET devices with micro-fluidic techniques enables the performance of rapid, automated, and real-time metabolite detection with the use of minimal sample size, noninvasively and label-free. This novel platform can be used as an extremely sensitive tool for detection and establishing medical solutions for bacterial-biofilm eradication and for finding a proper treatment to eliminate biofilm contaminations. Moreover, the sensing system can be used as a research tool for further understanding of the metabolic processes that occur within the bacterial biofilm population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Yeor-Davidi
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Zverzhinetsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vadim Krivitsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chorna N, Godoy-Vitorino F. A Protocol for the Multi-Omic Integration of Cervical Microbiota and Urine Metabolomics to Understand Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Driven Dysbiosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8040081. [PMID: 32276347 PMCID: PMC7235793 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-omic integration of microbiota data with metabolomics has gained popularity. This protocol is based on a human multi-omics study, integrating cervicovaginal microbiota, HPV status and neoplasia, with urinary metabolites. Indeed, to understand the biology of the infections and to develop adequate interventions for cervical cancer prevention, studies are needed to characterize in detail the cervical microbiota and understand the systemic metabolome. This article is a detailed protocol for the multi-omic integration of cervical microbiota and urine metabolome to shed light on the systemic effects of cervical dysbioses associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections. This methods article suggests detailed sample collection and laboratory processes of metabolomics, DNA extraction for microbiota, HPV typing, and the bioinformatic analyses of the data, both to characterize the metabolome, the microbiota, and joint multi-omic analyses, useful for the development of new point-of-care diagnostic tests based on these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Chorna
- Department of Biochemistry, UPR School of Medicine, 00921 San Juan, Puerto Rico;
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology & Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, 00921 San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-787-758-2525 (ext. 2096)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Surface Modification of Silicon Nanowire Based Field Effect Transistors with Stimuli Responsive Polymer Brushes for Biosensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030274. [PMID: 32155794 PMCID: PMC7143225 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the functionalization of silicon nanowire based field effect transistors (SiNW FETs) FETs with stimuli-responsive polymer brushes of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Surface functionalization was confirmed by atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, and verified electrically using a silicon nanowire based field effect transistor sensor device. For thermo-responsive PNIPAAM, the physicochemical properties (i.e., a reversible phase transition, wettability) were induced by crossing the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of about 32 °C. Taking advantage of this property, osteosarcomic SaoS-2 cells were cultured on PNIPAAM-modified sensors at temperatures above the LCST, and completely detached by simply cooling. Next, the weak polyelectrolyte PAA, that is sensitive towards alteration of pH and ionic strength, was used to cover the silicon nanowire based device. Here, the increase of pH will cause deprotonation of the present carboxylic (COOH) groups along the chains into negatively charged COO− moieties that repel each other and cause swelling of the polymer. Our experimental results suggest that this functionalization enhances the pH sensitivity of the SiNW FETs. Specific receptor (bio-)molecules can be added to the polymer brushes by simple click chemistry so that functionality of the brush layer can be tuned optionally. We demonstrate at the proof-of concept-level that osteosarcomic Saos-2 cells can adhere to PNIPAAM-modified FETs, and cell signals could be recorded electrically. This study presents an applicable route for the modification of highly sensitive, versatile FETs that can be applied for detection of a variety of biological analytes.
Collapse
|
19
|
On-chip MIC by Combining Concentration Gradient Generator and Flanged Chamber Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020207. [PMID: 32079258 PMCID: PMC7074598 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of antibiotic is an effective value to ascertain the agent and minimum dosage of inhibiting bacterial growth. However, current techniques to determine MIC are labor intensive and time-consuming, and require skilled operator and high initial concentration of bacteria. To simplify the operation and reduce the time of inhibition test, we developed a microfluidic system, containing a concentration generator and sub-micro-liter chambers, for rapid bacterial growth and inhibition test. To improve the mixing effect, a micropillar array in honeycomb-structure channels is designed, so the steady concentration gradient of amoxicillin can be generated. The flanged chambers are used to culture bacteria under the condition of continuous flow and the medium of chambers is refreshed constantly, which could supply the sufficient nutrient for bacteria growth and take away the metabolite. Based on the microfluidic platform, the bacterial growth with antibiotic inhibition on chip can be quantitatively measured and MIC can be obtained within six hours using low initial concentration of bacteria. Overall, this microfluidic platform has the potential to provide rapidness and effectiveness to screen bacteria and determine MIC of corresponding antibiotics in clinical therapies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Innovative and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:299-311. [PMID: 32055026 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to human health worldwide, and the rapid detection and quantification of resistance, combined with antimicrobial stewardship, are key interventions to combat the spread and emergence of AMR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) systems are the collective set of diagnostic processes that facilitate the phenotypic and genotypic assessment of AMR and antibiotic susceptibility. Over the past 30 years, only a few high-throughput AST methods have been developed and widely implemented. By contrast, several studies have established proof of principle for various innovative AST methods, including both molecular-based and genome-based methods, which await clinical trials and regulatory review. In this Review, we discuss the current state of AST systems in the broadest technical, translational and implementation-related scope.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohammadi S, Nadaraja AV, Luckasavitch K, Jain MC, June Roberts D, Zarifi MH. A Label-Free, Non-Intrusive, and Rapid Monitoring of Bacterial Growth on Solid Medium Using Microwave Biosensor. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:2-11. [PMID: 31715571 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2019.2952841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microwave resonator sensors are attractive for their contactless and label-free capability of monitoring bacterial growth in liquid media. This paper outlines a new label-free microwave biosensor based on a pair of planar split ring resonators for non-invasive monitoring of bacterial growth on a solid agar media. The sensor is comprised of two split ring resonators with slightly different resonant frequencies for differential operation. The transmission coefficient (S21) of the sensor is considered as the sensor's response with a designed and measured quality factor above 200 to ensure a high-resolution operation of the biosensor. Two resonant frequencies of 1.95 and 2.11 GHz represent the sensing signal and the reference signal, respectively. The developed sensor demonstrates high performance in monitoring the growth dynamics of Escherichia coli (E. coli) on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar with 4 mm thickness. The sensor's resonant amplitude response demonstrated 0.5 dB variation corresponding to the bacterial growth over 48 hours when bacteria were spread on LB agar starting with initial OD600 = 1.5. Moreover, 0.6 dB change in the sensor's response was observed over 96 hours of bacterial growth starting with an initial OD600 = 1.17 spotted on LB agar. The measured results fit well to the curves created using Richards' bacterial growth model, showing the strength of the sensor as a potential candidate for use in predictive food microbiology systems.
Collapse
|
22
|
Nanosensors-Assisted Quantitative Analysis of Biochemical Processes in Droplets. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020138. [PMID: 31991863 PMCID: PMC7074628 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a miniaturized lab-on-a-chip detecting system for an all-electric and label-free analysis of the emulsion droplets incorporating the nanoscopic silicon nanowires-based field-effect transistors (FETs). We specifically focus on the analysis of β-galactosidase e.g., activity, which is an important enzyme of the glycolysis metabolic pathway. Furthermore, the efficiency of the synthesis and action of β-galactosidase can be one of the markers for several diseases, e.g., cancer, hyper/hypoglycemia, cell senescence, or other disruptions in cell functioning. We measure the reaction and reaction kinetics-associated shift of the source-to-drain current Isd in the system, which is caused by the change of the ionic strength of the microenvironment. With these results, we demonstrate that the ion-sensitive FETs are able to sense the interior of the aqueous reactors; thus, the conjunction of miniature nanosensors and droplet-based microfluidic systems conceptually opens a new route toward a sensitive, optics-less analysis of biochemical processes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Baraban L, Ibarlucea B, Baek E, Cuniberti G. Hybrid Silicon Nanowire Devices and Their Functional Diversity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900522. [PMID: 31406669 PMCID: PMC6685480 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the pool of nanostructured materials, silicon nanostructures are known as conventionally used building blocks of commercially available electronic devices. Their application areas span from miniaturized elements of devices and circuits to ultrasensitive biosensors for diagnostics. In this Review, the current trends in the developments of silicon nanowire-based devices are summarized, and their functionalities, novel architectures, and applications are discussed from the point of view of analog electronics, arisen from the ability of (bio)chemical gating of the carrier channel. Hybrid nanowire-based devices are introduced and described as systems decorated by, e.g., organic complexes (biomolecules, polymers, and organic films), aimed to substantially extend their functionality, compared to traditional systems. Their functional diversity is explored considering their architecture as well as areas of their applications, outlining several groups of devices that benefit from the coatings. The first group is the biosensors that are able to represent label-free assays thanks to the attached biological receptors. The second group is represented by devices for optoelectronics that acquire higher optical sensitivity or efficiency due to the specific photosensitive decoration of the nanowires. Finally, the so-called new bioinspired neuromorphic devices are shown, which are aimed to mimic the functions of the biological cells, e.g., neurons and synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Baraban
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Eunhye Baek
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) TU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang P, Yang S, Pineda-Gómez R, Ibarlucea B, Ma J, Lohe MR, Akbar TF, Baraban L, Cuniberti G, Feng X. Electrochemically Exfoliated High-Quality 2H-MoS 2 for Multiflake Thin Film Flexible Biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901265. [PMID: 31034144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) gives a new inspiration for the field of nanoelectronics, photovoltaics, and sensorics. However, the most common processing technology, e.g., liquid-phase based scalable exfoliation used for device fabrication, leads to the number of shortcomings that impede their large area production and integration. Major challenges are associated with the small size and low concentration of MoS2 flakes, as well as insufficient control over their physical properties, e.g., internal heterogeneity of the metallic and semiconducting phases. Here it is demonstrated that large semiconducting MoS2 sheets (with dimensions up to 50 µm) can be obtained by a facile cathodic exfoliation approach in nonaqueous electrolyte. The synthetic process avoids surface oxidation thus preserving the MoS2 sheets with intact crystalline structure. It is further demonstrated at the proof-of-concept level, a solution-processed large area (60 × 60 µm) flexible Ebola biosensor, based on a MoS2 thin film (6 µm thickness) fabricated via restacking of the multiple flakes on the polyimide substrate. The experimental results reveal a low detection limit (in femtomolar-picomolar range) of the fabricated sensor devices. The presented exfoliation method opens up new opportunities for fabrication of large arrays of multifunctional biomedical devices based on novel 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Chair for Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sheng Yang
- Chair for Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberto Pineda-Gómez
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Chair for Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin R Lohe
- Chair for Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Teuku Fawzul Akbar
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergman Center of Biomaterials Dresden and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Chair for Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Leonard H, Colodner R, Halachmi S, Segal E. Recent Advances in the Race to Design a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Antimicrobial Resistance. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2202-2217. [PMID: 30350967 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Even with advances in antibiotic therapies, bacterial infections persistently plague society and have amounted to one of the most prevalent issues in healthcare today. Moreover, the improper and excessive administration of antibiotics has led to resistance of many pathogens to prescribed therapies, rendering such antibiotics ineffective against infections. While the identification and detection of bacteria in a patient's sample is critical for point-of-care diagnostics and in a clinical setting, the consequent determination of the correct antibiotic for a patient-tailored therapy is equally crucial. As a result, many recent research efforts have been focused on the development of sensors and systems that correctly guide a physician to the best antibiotic to prescribe for an infection, which can in turn, significantly reduce the instances of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of bacteria "superbugs." This review details the advantages and shortcomings of the recent advances (focusing from 2016 and onward) made in the developments of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) measurements. Detection of antibiotic resistance by genomic AST techniques relies on the prediction of antibiotic resistance via extracted bacterial DNA content, while phenotypic determinations typically track physiological changes in cells and/or populations exposed to antibiotics. Regardless of the method used for AST, factors such as cost, scalability, and assay time need to be weighed into their design. With all of the expansive innovation in the field, which technology and sensing systems demonstrate the potential to detect antimicrobial resistance in a clinical setting?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Leonard
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 3200003
| | - Raul Colodner
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel 18101
| | - Sarel Halachmi
- Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel 3104800
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 3200003
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, 3200003
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang X, Jiang X, Hao Z, Qu K. Advances in online methods for monitoring microbial growth. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:433-447. [PMID: 30472440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of microbial growth is of great significance to many fields including in scientific research, the food industry, health care, and agriculture. Many methods have been established to characterize the process of microbial growth. Online and automated methods, in which sample transfer is avoided, are popular because they can facilitate the development of simple, safe, and effective growth monitoring. This review focuses on advances in online monitoring methods over the last decade (2008-2018). We specifically focus on optic- and electrochemistry-based techniques, either through contact measurements or contactless measurement. Strengths and weaknesses of each set of methods are described and we also speculate on forthcoming trends in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Rd, Shinan District, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Rd, Shinan District, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agriculture University, 700, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Rd, Shinan District, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Modena MM, Chawla K, Misun PM, Hierlemann A. Smart Cell Culture Systems: Integration of Sensors and Actuators into Microphysiological Systems. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1767-1784. [PMID: 29381325 PMCID: PMC5959007 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in microfabrication techniques in combination with organotypic cell and tissue models have enabled the realization of microphysiological systems capable of recapitulating aspects of human physiology in vitro with great fidelity. Concurrently, a number of analysis techniques has been developed to probe and characterize these model systems. However, many assays are still performed off-line, which severely compromises the possibility of obtaining real-time information from the samples under examination, and which also limits the use of these platforms in high-throughput analysis. In this review, we focus on sensing and actuation schemes that have already been established or offer great potential to provide in situ detection or manipulation of relevant cell or tissue samples in microphysiological platforms. We will first describe methods that can be integrated in a straightforward way and that offer potential multiplexing and/or parallelization of sensing and actuation functions. These methods include electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical biosensors, and the use of surface acoustic waves for manipulation and analysis of cells, tissue, and multicellular organisms. In the second part, we will describe two sensor approaches based on surface-plasmon resonance and mechanical resonators that have recently provided new characterization features for biological samples, although technological limitations for use in high-throughput applications still exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Modena
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ketki Chawla
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M. Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
van Belkum A, Rochas O. Laboratory-Based and Point-of-Care Testing for MSSA/MRSA Detection in the Age of Whole Genome Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1437. [PMID: 30008711 PMCID: PMC6034072 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen of animals and humans that is capable of both colonizing and infecting its eukaryotic host. It is frequently detected in the clinical microbiology routine laboratory. S. aureus is capable of acquiring antibiotic resistance traits with ease and, given its rapid global dissemination, resistance to meticillin in S. aureus has received extensive coverage in the popular and medical press. The detection of meticillin-resistant versus meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) is of significant clinical importance. Detection of meticillin resistance is relatively straightforward since it is defined by a single determinant, penicillin-binding protein 2a', which exists in a limited number of genetic variants carried on various Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosomes mec. Diagnosis of MRSA and MSSA has evolved significantly over the past decades and there has been a strong shift from culture-based, phenotypic methods toward molecular detection, especially given the close correlation between the presence of the mec genes and phenotypic resistance. This brief review summarizes the current state of affairs concerning the mostly polymerase chain reaction-mediated detection of MRSA and MSSA in either the classical laboratory setting or at the point of care. The potential diagnostic impact of the currently emerging whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology will be discussed against a background of diagnostic, surveillance, and infection control parameters. Adequate detection of MSSA and MRSA is at the basis of any subsequent, more generic antibiotic susceptibility testing, epidemiological characterization, and detection of virulence factors, whether performed with classical technology or WGS analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Unit, bioMérieux, La Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Olivier Rochas
- Strategic Intelligence, Business Development Direction, bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| |
Collapse
|