1
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Brachi M, El Housseini W, Beaver K, Jadhav R, Dantanarayana A, Boucher DG, Minteer SD. Advanced Electroanalysis for Electrosynthesis. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:141-187. [PMID: 38585515 PMCID: PMC10995937 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis is a popular, environmentally friendly substitute for conventional organic methods. It involves using charge transfer to stimulate chemical reactions through the application of a potential or current between two electrodes. In addition to electrode materials and the type of reactor employed, the strategies for controlling potential and current have an impact on the yields, product distribution, and reaction mechanism. In this Review, recent advances related to electroanalysis applied in electrosynthesis were discussed. The first part of this study acts as a guide that emphasizes the foundations of electrosynthesis. These essentials include instrumentation, electrode selection, cell design, and electrosynthesis methodologies. Then, advances in electroanalytical techniques applied in organic, enzymatic, and microbial electrosynthesis are illustrated with specific cases studied in recent literature. To conclude, a discussion of future possibilities that intend to advance the academic and industrial areas is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Brachi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Wassim El Housseini
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Rohit Jadhav
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Ashwini Dantanarayana
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Dylan G. Boucher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 United States
- Kummer
Institute Center for Resource Sustainability, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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2
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Fan Y, Chen C, Zhang Z, Meng X, Liu X, Cao J, Jiang YY, Zhao Y. CO 2 Transient Promotion Function Enabled the Selective Electrochemical Transformation of Imines. Org Lett 2023; 25:9202-9206. [PMID: 38113053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented transient promotion function (TPF) of CO2 in the electrochemical hydrogenation/deuteration of imines (especially α-iminonitriles) is reported. The TPF influence of CO2 results from the introduction of CO2 that disperses the negative charges of the imine radical anion intermediate. The resulting redistribution of electrons leads to a lower reduction potential of the CO2-substituted imine radical anion and thus facilitates the succeeding one-electron reduction. CO2 is finally released via spontaneous decarboxylation to complete the transient promotion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhanshuo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonuo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
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3
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Klein M, Waldvogel SR. Counter Electrode Reactions-Important Stumbling Blocks on the Way to a Working Electro-organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204140. [PMID: 35668714 PMCID: PMC9828107 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, electro-organic synthesis has gained significant interest, both in technical and academic research as well as in terms of applications. The omission of stoichiometric oxidizers or reducing agents enables a more sustainable route for redox reactions in organic chemistry. Even if it is well-known that every electrochemical oxidation is only viable with an associated reduction reaction and vice versa, the relevance of the counter reaction is often less addressed. In this Review, the importance of the corresponding counter reaction in electro-organic synthesis is highlighted and how it can affect the performance and selectivity of the electrolytic conversion. A selection of common strategies and unique concepts to tackle this issue are surveyed to provide a guide to select appropriate counter reactions for electro-organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klein
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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4
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Nandi S, Jana R. Toward Sustainable Photo‐/Electrocatalytic Carboxylation of Organic Substrates with CO2. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Nandi
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CSIR Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division 4 Raja S C Mullick RoadJadavpur 700032 Kolkata INDIA
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CSIR Chemistry Division 4, Raja S. C. Mullick RoadJadavpur 700032 Kolkata INDIA
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5
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Luo H, Ren J, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhou F, Shi G, Zhou J. Recent advances in chemical fixation of CO2 based on flow chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Wang S, Feng T, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Recent Advances in Electrocarboxylation with CO2. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200543. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wang
- China University of Mining and Technology School of Chemical Engineering & Technology CHINA
| | - Tian Feng
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Youai Qiu
- Nankai University College of Chemistry 94 Weijin Road 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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7
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Zhang K, Liu XF, Zhang WZ, Ren WM, Lu XB. Electrocarboxylation of N-Acylimines with Carbon Dioxide: Access to Substituted α-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:3565-3569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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8
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Bajada MA, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G, Noël T, Vilé G. Interfacing single-atom catalysis with continuous-flow organic electrosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3898-3925. [PMID: 35481480 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The global warming crisis has sparked a series of environmentally cautious trends in chemistry, allowing us to rethink the way we conduct our synthesis, and to incorporate more earth-abundant materials in our catalyst design. "Single-atom catalysis" has recently appeared on the catalytic spectrum, and has truly merged the benefits that homogeneous and heterogeneous analogues have to offer. Further still, the possibility to activate these catalysts by means of a suitable electric potential could pave the way for a true integration of diverse synthetic methodologies and renewable electricity. Despite their esteemed benefits, single-atom electrocatalysts are still limited to the energy sector (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction, etc.) and numerous examples in the literature still invoke the use of precious metals (Pd, Pt, Ir, etc.). Additionally, batch electroreactors are employed, which limit the intensification of such processes. It is of paramount importance that the field continues to grow in a more sustainable direction, seeking new ventures into the space of organic electrosynthesis and flow electroreactor technologies. In this piece, we discuss some of the progress being made with earth abundant homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysts and flow electrochemistry, within the context of organic electrosynthesis, and highlight the prospects of alternatively utilizing single-atom catalysts for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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9
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Naito Y, Shida N, Atobe M. Synthesis of piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives by electroreductive cyclization of imine with terminal dihaloalkanes in a flow microreactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:350-359. [PMID: 35422883 PMCID: PMC8978912 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives by electroreductive cyclization using readily available imine and terminal dihaloalkanes in a flow microreactor. Reduction of the substrate imine on the cathode proceeded efficiently due to the large specific surface area of the microreactor. This method provided target compounds in good yields compared to a conventional batch-type reaction. Furthermore, piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives could be obtained on preparative scale by continuous electrolysis for approximately 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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10
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Buckley BR. Electrosynthetic routes toward carbon dioxide activation and utilization. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Naito Y, Kondo M, Nakamura Y, Shida N, Ishikawa K, Washio T, Takizawa S, Atobe M. Bayesian optimization with constraint on passed charge for multiparameter screening of electrochemical reductive carboxylation in a flow microreactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3893-3896. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiparameter screening of reductive carboxylation in an electrochemical flow microreactor was performed using a Bayesian optimization (BO) strategy. The developed algorithm features a constraint on passed charge for the electrochemical...
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12
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Naito Y, Nakamura Y, Shida N, Senboku H, Tanaka K, Atobe M. Integrated Flow Synthesis of α-Amino Acids by In Situ Generation of Aldimines and Subsequent Electrochemical Carboxylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15953-15960. [PMID: 34152747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of α-amino acids was carried out in a continuous flow system. In this system, aldimines were efficiently generated in situ via the dehydration-condensation of aldehydes with anilines in a desiccant bed column filled with 4 Å molecular sieves desiccant, followed by reaction with CO2 in an electrochemical flow microreactor to afford the α-amino acids in high to moderate yields. The present system can provide α-amino acids without using stoichiometric amounts of metal reagents or highly toxic cyanide reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Naito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hisanori Senboku
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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13
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Senboku H, Minemura Y, Suzuki Y, Matsuno H, Takakuwa M. Synthesis of N-Boc-α-amino Acids from Carbon Dioxide by Electrochemical Carboxylation of N-Boc-α-aminosulfones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16077-16083. [PMID: 34550701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of N-Boc-α-aminosulfones in DMF using an undivided cell equipped with a Pt plate cathode and an Mg rod anode under atmospheric pressure of bubbling carbon dioxide through the solution under constant current conditions resulted in a reductive C-S bond cleavage with elimination of benzenesulfinate ion generating the corresponding anion species followed by fixation of carbon dioxide to give the corresponding N-Boc-α-amino acids in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Senboku
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Minemura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuto Suzuki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsuno
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mayu Takakuwa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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14
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Medvedev JJ, Medvedeva XV, Engelhardt H, Klinkova A. Relative activity of metal cathodes towards electroorganic coupling of CO2 with benzylic halides. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Chen J, Zhu M, Xiang F, Li J, Yang H, Mao Z. Research Progress on Microreactor Technology in Oxidation Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210319092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of the chemical industry has been moving in a
green, safe and efficient direction. Oxidation reactions are one of the most important types of
reactions and have key applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, and petrochemicals. However,
the occurrence of the oxidation reaction is accompanied by a strong exothermic phenomenon,
and improper control can easily lead to safety problems and even explosions. The
realization of an environmentally friendly oxidation reaction is a key industrial milestone.
The unique structural characteristics of microreactors result in good mass and heat transfer
performance, precise control of the reaction temperature, reduced risk of explosion, improved
safety production and selectivity of products. These unique advantages of the microreactor
determine its significant application value in oxidation reactions. In this paper, the research
progress of several typical oxidation reactions, including alkane oxidation, alcohol oxidation,
aldosterone oxidation, aromatics oxidation and olefin oxidation combined with microreactors,
is reviewed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Mengjing Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Fuwei Xiang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Junfeng Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
| | - Zhipeng Mao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China
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Shida N, Nakamura Y, Atobe M. Electrosynthesis in Laminar Flow Using a Flow Microreactor. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2164-2177. [PMID: 33734573 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis and microflow synthesis have become essential tools in their own rights in modern organic synthesis. In this personal account, we summarize our works on the integrated use of these techniques, i. e., electrosynthesis in a flow microreactor. Our group has developed an electrochemical microflow system composed of a pair of electrodes that face each other to form a micrometer-scale gap for the flow path, through which solution passes in laminar flow. By the aid of laminar flow, unprecedented chemo- and electrochemical selectivity has been observed, which is not achievable with conventional batch-type electrochemical cells. In addition, we showcase various unique electrochemical systems and reactions achieved with the flow microreactor, including self-supported electrolysis, efficient paired electrolysis, in situ generation of active species and its flash use, the spaciotemporal control of electropolymerization, and combinatorial screening of the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mahito Atobe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Hu S, Wu J, Lu Z, Wang J, Tao Y, Jiang M, Chen F. TfOH-Catalyzed N-H Insertion of α-Substituted-α-Diazoesters with Anilines Provides Access to Unnatural α-Amino Esters. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3223-3231. [PMID: 33378204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A time-economical TfOH-catalyzed N-H insertion between anilines and α-alkyl and α-aryl-α-diazoacetates provides a straightforward approach to access unnatural α-amino esters, which readily undergo various transformations and can thus be used for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. The α-amino esters were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Hu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiale Wu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zuolin Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chao Wang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chao Wang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
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18
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Yang Z, Yu Y, Lai L, Zhou L, Ye K, Chen FE. Carbon dioxide cycle via electrocatalysis: Electrochemical carboxylation of CO2 and decarboxylative functionalization of carboxylic acids. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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19
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Wang N, Xu J, Mei H, Moriwaki H, Izawa K, Soloshonok VA, Han J. Electrochemical Approaches for Preparation of Tailor-Made Amino Acids. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Bian M, Hua J, Ma T, Xu J, Cai C, Yang Z, Liu C, He W, Fang Z, Guo K. Continuous-flow electrosynthesis of selenium-substituted iminoisobenzofuran via oxidative cyclization of olefinic amides and diselenides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3207-3212. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the continuous synthesis of selenated iminoisobenzofurans by cyclization of olefinic amides with diselenides through electrochemical oxidation under metal-free and oxidant-free conditions has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixue Bian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jiawei Hua
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chen Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210003
- China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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21
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Lin X, Fang Z, Zeng C, Zhu C, Pang X, Liu C, He W, Duan J, Qin N, Guo K. Continuous Electrochemical Synthesis of Iso-Coumarin Derivatives from o-(1-Alkynyl) Benzoates under Metal- and Oxidant-Free. Chemistry 2020; 26:13738-13742. [PMID: 32460407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A non-oxidant and metal-free strategy for synthesizing iso-coumarin by using a continuous electrochemical microreactor to initiate an oxidative cyclization reaction of o-(1-alkynyl) benzoate and radicals. This efficient and clean continuous electrosynthesis method not only avoids the complicated gas protection operation and production of by-products in the batch processes, but also help to overcome the difficulty that batch metal catalysis and electrocatalysis are difficult to scale up, and has the potential for pilot-scale experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Cuilian Zeng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chenlong Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Pang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jindian Duan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ning Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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22
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Heard DM, Lennox AJJ. Electrode Materials in Modern Organic Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18866-18884. [PMID: 32633073 PMCID: PMC7589451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The choice of electrode material is critical for achieving optimal yields and selectivity in synthetic organic electrochemistry. The material imparts significant influence on the kinetics and thermodynamics of electron transfer, and frequently defines the success or failure of a transformation. Electrode processes are complex and so the choice of a material is often empirical and the underlying mechanisms and rationale for success are unknown. In this review, we aim to highlight recent instances of electrode choice where rationale is offered, which should aid future reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Heard
- University of BristolSchool of ChemistryCantocks CloseBristol, AvonBS8 1TSUK
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Heard
- University of Bristol School of Chemistry Cantocks Close Bristol, Avon BS8 1TS UK
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24
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Shatskiy A, Lundberg H, Kärkäs MD. Organic Electrosynthesis: Applications in Complex Molecule Synthesis. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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25
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Mita T, Sato Y. Syntheses of α‐Amino Acids by Using CO
2
as a C1 Source. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2038-2047. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Mita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
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26
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Seo H, Nguyen LV, Jamison TF. Using Carbon Dioxide as a Building Block in Continuous Flow Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Seo
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Long V. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA
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27
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Ju T, Fu Q, Ye J, Zhang Z, Liao L, Yan S, Tian X, Luo S, Li J, Yu D. Selective and Catalytic Hydrocarboxylation of Enamides and Imines with CO
2
to Generate α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ju
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou 646000 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Si‐Shun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xing‐Yang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Ping Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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28
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Ju T, Fu Q, Ye JH, Zhang Z, Liao LL, Yan SS, Tian XY, Luo SP, Li J, Yu DG. Selective and Catalytic Hydrocarboxylation of Enamides and Imines with CO 2 to Generate α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13897-13901. [PMID: 30152915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic hydrocarboxylation of enamides and imines with CO2 to generate valuable α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids is reported. Notably, excellent chemo- and regio-selectivity are achieved, significantly different from previous reports on β-carboxylation of enamides, homocoupling or reduction of imines. Moreover, this transition-metal-free procedure exhibits low loading of an inexpensive catalyst, easily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, facile scalability and easy product derivatization, providing great potential for application in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry, and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ju
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Si-Shun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ping Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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