1
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Xiong Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wu X. Visible-Light-Driven Deoxygenative Heteroarylation of Alcohols with Heteroaryl Sulfones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3629-3634. [PMID: 38364202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The visible-light-promoted deoxygenative radical heteroarylation of alcohols was achieved in the absence of any external photosensitizers. The processes occur through the generation of xanthate salts from alcohols, followed by SET and fragmentation, delivering alkyl radicals to react with heteroaryl sulfones. This method is amenable for a wide range of alcohols with good functional group tolerance, providing a practical strategy for the alkylation of benzo-heteroaromatics. Mechanism studies indicate that direct visible-light excitation of xanthate anions and subsequent SET initiate the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
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2
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Adak S, Braley SE, Brown MK. Photochemical Reduction of Quinolines with γ-Terpinene. Org Lett 2024; 26:401-405. [PMID: 38169485 PMCID: PMC11027786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The saturation of aromatic scaffolds is valuable for the synthesis of complex rings. Herein, we demonstrate a process for photochemical dearomative reduction of quinolines. The process involves capture of a quinoline excited state with γ-terpinene. Importantly, the reaction is chemoselective as other easily reduced functionalities such as halogens or alkenes do not undergo reduction. The mechanism of the reaction has also been investigated. Finally, the generality of the approach towards other substrates is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Adak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah E Braley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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3
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Dong J, Mo Q, Xiong X, Zhang L. Two-Dimensional Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Framework Composites as a Photocatalytic Platform for Chemoselective Hydrogenation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21432-21442. [PMID: 38047769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemoselective hydrogenation with high efficiency under ambient conditions remains a great challenge. Herein, an efficient photocatalyst, the 2D porphyrin metal-organic framework composite AmPy/Pd-PPF-1(Cu), featuring AmPy (1-aminopyrene) sitting axially on a paddle-wheel unit, has been rationally fabricated. The 2D AmPy/Pd-PPF-1(Cu) composite acts as a photocatalytic platform, promoting the selective hydrogenation of quinolines to tetrahydroquinolines with a yield up to 99%, in which ammonia borane serves as the hydrogen donor. The AmPy molecules coordinated on a 2D MOF not only enhance the light absorption capacity but also adjust the layer spacing without affecting the network structure of 2D Pd-PPF-1(Cu) nanosheets. Through deuterium-labeling experiments, in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance studies, and density functional theory calculations, it is disclosed that Cu paddle-wheel units in 2D AmPy/Pd-PPF-1(Cu) nanosheets behave as the active site for transfer hydrogenation, and metalloporphyrin ligand and axial aminopyrene molecules can enhance the light absorption capacity and excite photogenerated electrons to Cu paddle-wheel units, assisting in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurong Dong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qijie Mo
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Xiong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Li QY, He Y, Lin YM, Gong L. Photo-Induced C-H Methylation Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302542. [PMID: 37800464 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo-induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp3 )-H, C(sp2 )-H, and C(sp)-H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition-metal-based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal-free approaches, including electron donor-acceptor (EDA)-enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert-butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert-butyl ether, TsOMe, N-(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C-H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yuhang He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and, Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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5
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Liu DH, Nagashima K, Liang H, Yue XL, Chu YP, Chen S, Ma J. Chemoselective Quinoline and Isoquinoline Reduction by Energy Transfer Catalysis Enabled Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312203. [PMID: 37803457 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
(Hetero)arene reduction is one of the key avenues for synthesizing related cyclic alkenes and alkanes. While catalytic hydrogenation and Birch reduction are the two broadly utilized approaches for (hetero)arene reduction across academia and industry over the last century, both methods have encountered significant chemoselectivity challenges. We hereby introduce a highly chemoselective quinoline and isoquinoline reduction protocol operating through selective energy transfer (EnT) catalysis, which enables subsequent hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The design of this protocol bypasses the conventional metric of reduction reaction, that is, the reductive potential, and instead relies on the triplet energies of the chemical moieties and the kinetic barriers of energy and hydrogen atom transfer events. Many reducing labile functional groups, which were incompatible with previous (hetero)arene reduction reactions, are retained in this reaction. We anticipate that this protocol will trigger the further advancement of chemoselective arene reduction and enable the current arene-rich drug space to escape from flatland.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Hai Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kyogo Nagashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
| | - Hui Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lin Yue
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Chu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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6
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Lai Y, Halder A, Kim J, Hicks TJ, Milner PJ. Electroreductive Radical Borylation of Unactivated (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides Without Light by Using Cumulene-Based Redox Mediators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310246. [PMID: 37559156 PMCID: PMC10529720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-electron transfer (SET) plays a critical role in many chemical processes, from organic synthesis to environmental remediation. However, the selective reduction of inert substrates (Ep/2 <-2 V vs Fc/Fc+ ), such as ubiquitous electron-neutral and electron-rich (hetero)aryl chlorides, remains a major challenge. Current approaches largely rely on catalyst photoexcitation to reach the necessary deeply reducing potentials or suffer from limited substrate scopes. Herein, we demonstrate that cumulenes-organic molecules with multiple consecutive double bonds-can function as catalytic redox mediators for the electroreductive radical borylation of (hetero)aryl chlorides at relatively mild cathodic potentials (approximately -1.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl) without the need for photoirradiation. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and computational studies support that step-wise electron transfer from reduced cumulenes to electron-neutral chloroarenes is followed by thermodynamically favorable mesolytic cleavage of the aryl radical anion to generate the desired aryl radical intermediate. Our findings will guide the development of other sustainable, purely electroreductive radical transformations of inert molecules using organic redox mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuan Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arjun Halder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Thomas J Hicks
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Phillip J Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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7
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Li H, Li C, Liu W, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Qiu C. Photo-Induced C 1 Substitution Using Methanol as a C 1 Source. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300377. [PMID: 37140478 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable and efficient C1 substitution methods is of central interest for organic synthesis and pharmaceuticals production, the methylation motifs bound to a carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen atom widely exist in natural products and top-selling drugs. In the past decades, a number of methods involving green and inexpensive methanol have already been disclosed to replace industrial hazardous and waste-generating C1 source. Among the various efforts, photochemical strategy is considered as a "renewable" alternative that shows great potential to selectively activate methanol to achieve a series of C1 substitutions at mild conditions, typically C/N-methylation, methoxylation, hydroxymethylation, and formylation. Herein the recent advances in selective transformation of methanol to various C1 functional groups via well-designed photochemical systems involving different types of catalysts or not is systematically reviewed. Both the mechanism and corresponding photocatalytic system were discussed and classified on specific methanol activation models. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P.R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Yao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
| | - Chuntian Qiu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P.R. China
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8
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Sensitizer-controlled photochemical reactivity via upconversion of red light. Chem Sci 2022; 14:149-161. [PMID: 36605743 PMCID: PMC9769107 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the energy input from two red photons, chemical reactions that would normally require blue or ultraviolet irradiation become accessible. Key advantages of this biphotonic excitation strategy are that red light usually penetrates deeper into complex reaction mixtures and causes less photo-damage than direct illumination in the blue or ultraviolet. Here, we demonstrate that the primary light-absorber of a dual photocatalytic system comprised of a transition metal-based photosensitizer and an organic co-catalyst can completely alter the reaction outcome. Photochemical reductions are achieved with a copper(i) complex in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, whereas oxidative substrate activation occurs with an osmium(ii) photosensitizer. Based on time-resolved laser spectroscopy, this changeover in photochemical reactivity is due to different underlying biphotonic mechanisms. Following triplet energy transfer from the osmium(ii) photosensitizer to 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and subsequent triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, the fluorescent singlet excited state of DCA triggers oxidative substrate activation, which initiates the cis to trans isomerization of an olefin, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition, an aryl ether to ester rearrangement, and a Newman-Kwart rearrangement. This oxidative substrate activation stands in contrast to the reactivity with a copper(i) photosensitizer, where photoinduced electron transfer generates the DCA radical anion, which upon further excitation triggers reductive dehalogenations and detosylations. Our study provides the proof-of-concept for controlling the outcome of a red-light driven biphotonic reaction by altering the photosensitizer, and this seems relevant in the greater context of tailoring photochemical reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
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9
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Tan CY, Kim M, Park I, Kim Y, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Alkylation with Alcohols and Thiols via Single-Electron Transfer of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213857. [PMID: 36314414 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy for the deoxygenative or desulfurative pyridylation of various alcohols and thiols has been developed through a single-electron transfer (SET) process of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) derived from pyridinium salts and PtBu3 . Mechanistic studies revealed that N-amidopyridinium salts serve as effective Lewis acids for the formation of FLPs with PtBu3 , and the generated phosphine radical cation ionically couples with the in situ generated xanthate, eventually affording the alkyl radical through facile β-scission under photocatalyst-free conditions. The reaction efficiency was further accelerated by visible-light irradiation. This method is conceptually appealing by using encounter complexes in FLP chemistry to promote SET, which provides a previously unrecognized opportunity for the selective heteroarylation of a diverse range of alcohols and thiols with various functional groups, even in complex settings under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wang C, Song S, Chen Z, Shen D, Wang Z, Zhou J, Guo J, Li J. Phototriggered Self-Catalyzed Three-Component Minisci Reaction: A Route to β-C(sp 3) Heteroarylated Alcohols/Ethers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16794-16806. [PMID: 36427193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a visible-light-triggered photocatalyst-free radical cascade Minisci reaction of heteroarenes, alkenes, and water/alcohols to obtain diverse β-C(sp3) heteroarylated alcohols/ethers has been developed. Achieved under mild and simple conditions, this protocol is scalable and features broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the heteroarene can be served as a photocatalyst to engage single-electron transfer with persulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaodong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Dengjian Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Taizhou Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
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11
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Mild and metal-free Birch-type hydrogenation of (hetero)arenes with boron carbonitride in water. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Wu MC, Li MZ, Chen YX, Liu F, Xiao JA, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Photoredox-Catalyzed C–H Trideuteromethylation of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones with CDCl 3 as the “CD 3” source. Org Lett 2022; 24:6412-6416. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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13
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C−H Methylation Using Sustainable Approaches. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C−H methylation of sp2 and sp3 carbon centers is significant in many biological processes. Methylated drug candidates show unique properties due to the change in solubility, conformation and metabolic activities. Several photo-catalyzed, electrochemical, mechanochemical and metal-free techniques that are widely utilized strategies in medicinal chemistry for methylation of arenes and heteroarenes have been covered in this review.
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14
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Ji X, Yang Z, Wu X, Deng GJ, Huang H. Photoredox Neutral Decarboxylative Hydroxyalkylations of Heteroarenes with α-Keto Acids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4168-4182. [PMID: 35212524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox neutral decarboxylative hydroxyalkylations of heteroarenes with α-keto acids under mild conditions are described. Stable and readily available α-keto acids were employed as hydroxyalkylating reagents with only CO2 released as the byproduct. A range of aromatic and aliphatic α-keto acids were successfully converted into hydroxyalkylated products with various heteroarenes. This transformation proceeded through a decarboxylation/Minisci addition/SCS sequence, generating a variety of valuable hydroxyalkylated heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhonglin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xinzhuang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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15
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Liu X, Guo Z, Liu Y, Chen X, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Metal-Free Alkylation of Quinoxalinones with Aryl Alkyl ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1391-1395. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first metal-free method for alkylation of quinoxalinones using cheap and stable aryl alkyl ketones as nucleophilic alkylation reagents is reported. This strategy greatly broadens the application channels of aryl...
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16
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Li J, Huang CY, Han JT, Li CJ. Development of a Quinolinium/Cobaloxime Dual Photocatalytic System for Oxidative C–C Cross-Couplings via H2 Release. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jing-Tan Han
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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17
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Wang C, Shi H, Deng GJ, Huang H. Visible-light- and bromide-mediated photoredox Minisci alkylation of N-heteroarenes with ester acetates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9177-9181. [PMID: 34647121 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01799c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced photoredox Minisci alkylation reaction of N-heteroarenes with ethyl acetate has been reported. The low-toxic ethyl acetate was used for the first time as an alkylation reagent. Hence, 4-quinazolinones, quinolines and pyridines reacted smoothly in the current reaction system. Mechanistic studies indicate that LiBr plays a key role to dramatically improve the efficiency of the reaction by the mediation of hydrogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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18
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Zhang Y, Yu W, Cao S, Sun Z, Nie X, Liu Y, Zhao Z. Photocatalytic Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines to Tetrahydroquinolines on Hierarchical NiO/In 2O 3–CdS Microspheres. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaowa Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhongkui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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19
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Sun Q, Soulé JF. Broadening of horizons in the synthesis of CD 3-labeled molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10806-10835. [PMID: 34605827 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the light of the recent potentials of deuterated molecules as pharmaceuticals or even in mechanistic understanding, efficient methods for their synthesis are continually desired. CD3-containing molecules are prominent amongst these motifs due to the parallel of the "magic methyl effect": introducing a methyl group into pharmaceuticals could positively affect biological activities. The trideuteromethyl group is bound to molecules either by C, N, O, or S atom. For a long time, the preparation methods of such labeled compounds were underestimated and involved multi-step syntheses. More recently, specific approaches dealing with the direct incorporation of the CD3 group have been developed. This Review gives an overview of the methods for the preparation of CD3-labeled molecules from conventional functional group interconversion techniques to catalytic approaches and include radical strategy. Detailed reaction mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Sun
- Process Chemistry Enabling Technology Platform, STA Pharmaceutical, a WuxiAppTech Company (Wuxi STA), Shanghai 201507, P. R. China
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20
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Zhao B, Prabagar B, Shi Z. Modern strategies for C–H functionalization of heteroarenes with alternative coupling partners. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Selective deoxygenative alkylation of alcohols via photocatalytic domino radical fragmentations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5365. [PMID: 34508098 PMCID: PMC8433232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of alkyl radicals through photocatalytic deoxygenation of primary alcohols under mild conditions is a so far unmet challenge. In this report, we present a one-pot strategy for deoxygenative Giese reaction of alcohols with electron-deficient alkenes, by using xanthate salts as alcohol-activating groups for radical generation under visible-light photoredox conditions in the presence of triphenylphosphine. The convenient generation of xanthate salts and high reactivity of sequential C–S/C–O bond homolytic cleavage enable efficient deoxygenation of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols with diverse functionality and structure to generate the corresponding alkyl radicals, including methyl radical. Moreover, chemoselective radical monodeoxygenation of diols is achieved via selective formation of xanthate salts. The generation of alkyl radicals through deoxygenation of abundant alcohols via photoredox catalysis is of interest. In this study, the authors report a one-pot strategy for visible-light-promoted photoredox coupling of alcohols with electron-deficient alkenes, assisted by carbon disulfide and triphenylphosphine.
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22
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Steverlynck J, Sitdikov R, Rueping M. The Deuterated "Magic Methyl" Group: A Guide to Site-Selective Trideuteromethyl Incorporation and Labeling by Using CD 3 Reagents. Chemistry 2021; 27:11751-11772. [PMID: 34076925 PMCID: PMC8457246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the field of medicinal chemistry, the precise installation of a trideuteromethyl group is gaining ever-increasing attention. Site-selective incorporation of the deuterated "magic methyl" group can provide profound pharmacological benefits and can be considered an important tool for drug optimization and development. This review provides a structured overview, according to trideuteromethylation reagent, of currently established methods for site-selective trideuteromethylation of carbon atoms. In addition to CD3 , the selective introduction of CD2 H and CDH2 groups is also considered. For all methods, the corresponding mechanism and scope are discussed whenever reported. As such, this review can be a starting point for synthetic chemists to further advance trideuteromethylation methodologies. At the same time, this review aims to be a guide for medicinal chemists, offering them the available C-CD3 formation strategies for the preparation of new or modified drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Steverlynck
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruzal Sitdikov
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Experimental Molecular ImagingRWTH Aachen UniversityForckenbeckstrasse 5552074Aachen
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23
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A cross-dehydrogenative C(sp 3)-H heteroarylation via photo-induced catalytic chlorine radical generation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4010. [PMID: 34188034 PMCID: PMC8241867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atom abstraction (HAT) from C(sp3)–H bonds of naturally abundant alkanes for alkyl radical generation represents a promising yet underexplored strategy in the alkylation reaction designs since involving stoichiometric oxidants, excessive alkane loading, and limited scope are common drawbacks. Here we report a photo-induced and chemical oxidant-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) between alkanes and heteroarenes using catalytic chloride and cobalt catalyst. Couplings of strong C(sp3)–H bond-containing substrates and complex heteroarenes, have been achieved with satisfactory yields. This dual catalytic platform features the in situ engendered chlorine radical for alkyl radical generation and exploits the cobaloxime catalyst to enable the hydrogen evolution for catalytic turnover. The practical value of this protocol was demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of alkylated heteroarene with merely 3 equiv. alkane loading. Hydrogen atom abstraction from C(sp3)–H bonds of naturally abundant alkanes for alkyl radical generation represents a promising yet underexplored strategy in the alkylation reaction designs. Here the authors show a photo-induced and chemical oxidant-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling between alkanes and heteroarenes using catalytic chloride and cobalt catalyst.
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24
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Abstract
Minisci-type reactions have been widely known as reactions that involve the addition
of carbon-centered radicals to basic heteroarenes followed by formal hydrogen atom loss.
While the originally developed protocols for radical generation remain in active use today, in
recent years, the new array of radical generation strategies have allowed the use of a wider
variety of radical precursors that often operate under milder and more benign conditions. New
transformations based on free radical reactivity are now available to a synthetic chemist, to
utilize a Minisci-type reaction. Radical-generation methods based on photoredox catalysis
and electrochemistry, which utilize thermal cleavage or the in situ generation of reactive radical
precursors, have become popular approaches. Our review will cover the remarkable literature
that has been reported on this topic in recent 5 years, from 2015-01 to 2020-01, in an
attempt to provide guidance to the synthetic chemist on both the challenges that need to be overcome and the applications
in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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25
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Wang M, Yin C, Hu P. Ag-Catalyzed Remote Unactivated C(sp 3)-H Heteroarylation of Free Alcohols in Water. Org Lett 2021; 23:722-726. [PMID: 33439025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Catalyzed by silver salt, the unactivated C(sp3)-H heteroarylation of free alcohol at the δ position is realized under gentle thermal conditions in water through a radical procedure. Both protonic acids and Lewis acids are found to be efficient for activating pyridines for this Minisci-type reaction. The reaction enjoys a good functional group tolerance and substrate scope. Terminal secondary and tertiary alcohols are suitable substrates. With either electron-donating or -withdrawing groups, the electron-deficient heteroarene substrates generate the target products in moderate to good yields. A gram-scale experiment can be successfully operated. A radical blocking experiment and a radical clock experiment are studied to support the radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Changzhen Yin
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Witzel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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27
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Aynetdinova D, Callens MC, Hicks HB, Poh CYX, Shennan BDA, Boyd AM, Lim ZH, Leitch JA, Dixon DJ. Installing the “magic methyl” – C–H methylation in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5517-5563. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following notable cases of remarkable potency increases in methylated analogues of lead compounds, this review documents the state-of-the-art in C–H methylation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniya Aynetdinova
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Mia C. Callens
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Harry B. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Charmaine Y. X. Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Alistair M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Zhong Hui Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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28
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Kikuchi J, Kodama S, Terada M. Radical addition reaction between chromenols and toluene derivatives initiated by Brønsted acid catalyst under light irradiation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A Brønsted acid-catalyzed radical addition reaction between chromenols and toluene derivatives was accomplished under light irradiation, affording benzylated chromene derivatives through benzylic C(sp3)–H functionalization of toluene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Shota Kodama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
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29
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Dong J, Liu Y, Wang Q. Recent Advances in Visible-Light-Mediated Minisci Reactions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Rammal F, Gao D, Boujnah S, Hussein AA, Lalevée J, Gaumont AC, Morlet-Savary F, Lakhdar S. Photochemical C–H Silylation and Hydroxymethylation of Pyridines and Related Structures: Synthetic Scope and Mechanisms. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Rammal
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Di Gao
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sondes Boujnah
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Sami Lakhdar
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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31
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Aguilar Troyano FJ, Merkens K, Gómez‐Suárez A. Selectfluor® Radical Dication (TEDA
2+.
) – A Versatile Species in Modern Synthetic Organic Chemistry. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay Merkens
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Adrián Gómez‐Suárez
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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32
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Yao X, Qi L, Li R, Zhen Q, Liu J, Zhao Z, Shao Y, Hu M, Chen J. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of δ-Ketonitriles with Arylboronic Acids: Synthesis of Pyridines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:114-119. [PMID: 32049476 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first example of the Pd-catalyzed cascade reactions of 5-oxohexanenitrile with arylboronic acids, affording important synthon 2-methylpyridines that can be further translated through C(sp3)-H functionalization to construct pyridine derivatives. Furthermore, this chemistry allows 5-oxo-5-arylpentanenitrile to react with arylboronic acids to provide unsymmetrical 2,6-diarylpyridines. This protocol paves the way for the practical and atom economical syntheses of valuable pyridines with broad functional groups in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Yao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Linjun Qi
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jichao Liu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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33
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Vijeta A, Reisner E. Carbon nitride as a heterogeneous visible-light photocatalyst for the Minisci reaction and coupling to H 2 production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14007-14010. [PMID: 31690891 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07348e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanamide functionalised carbon nitride powder is reported as a photocatalyst for direct Minisci-type coupling of heteroarenes with ethers, alcohols, and amides using atmospheric oxygen as the oxidant at room temperature. This mild protocol displays broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and the catalyst can be easily isolated and reused for several cycles. It thereby addresses the two major limitations of previously reported photoredox-mediated Minisci reactions: (i) use of expensive and potentially harmful non-recyclable photocatalysts, and (ii) requirement of a stoichiometric amount of strong chemical oxidant. Finally, using platinum as a co-catalyst with the carbon nitride allows this light-mediated reaction to generate two value-added products under an anaerobic atmosphere - functionalised heteroarenes and H2 fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Vijeta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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34
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Wang Z, Ji X, Han T, Deng G, Huang H. LiBr‐Promoted Photoredox Minisci‐Type Alkylations of Quinolines with Ethers. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghao Han
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistryXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
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35
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Gao L, Wang G, Cao J, Chen H, Gu Y, Liu X, Cheng X, Ma J, Li S. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Selective Reductive Decarboxylative Pyridylation of N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters: Synthesis of Congested Pyridine-Substituted Quaternary Carbons. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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Chatterjee A, König B. Birch-Type Photoreduction of Arenes and Heteroarenes by Sensitized Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14289-14294. [PMID: 31379035 PMCID: PMC6790943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The direct reduction of arenes and heteroarenes by visible-light irradiation remains challenging, as the energy of a single photon is not sufficient for breaking aromatic stabilization. Shown herein is that the energy accumulation of two visible-light photons allows the dearomatization of arenes and heteroarenes. Mechanistic investigations confirm that the combination of energy-transfer and electron-transfer processes generates an arene radical anion, which is subsequently trapped by hydrogen-atom transfer and finally protonated to form the dearomatized product. The photoreduction converts planar aromatic feedstock compounds into molecular skeletons that are of use in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Chatterjee
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Burkhard König
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
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37
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Chatterjee A, König B. Birch‐Type Photoreduction of Arenes and Heteroarenes by Sensitized Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Chatterjee
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Germany
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38
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Zidan M, Morris AO, McCallum T, Barriault L. The Alkylation and Reduction of Heteroarenes with Alcohols Using Photoredox Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer via Chlorine Atom Generation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Zidan
- Centre for Catalysis; Research and Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie K1N 6N5 Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Avery O. Morris
- Centre for Catalysis; Research and Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie K1N 6N5 Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Terry McCallum
- Centre for Catalysis; Research and Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie K1N 6N5 Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Louis Barriault
- Centre for Catalysis; Research and Innovation; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie K1N 6N5 Ottawa ON Canada
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39
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Gandeepan P, Koeller J, Korvorapun K, Mohr J, Ackermann L. Visible-Light-Enabled Ruthenium-Catalyzed meta-C-H Alkylation at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9820-9825. [PMID: 31075177 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced ruthenium catalysis has enabled remote C-H alkylations with excellent levels of position control under exceedingly mild conditions at room temperature. The metallaphotocatalysis occurred under exogenous-photosensitizer-free conditions and features an ample substrate scope. The robust nature of the photo-induced mild meta-C-H functionalization is reflected by the broad functional group tolerance, and the reaction can be carried out in an operationally simple manner, setting the stage for challenging secondary and tertiary meta-C-H alkylations by ruthenaphotoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian Koeller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Korkit Korvorapun
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Mohr
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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40
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Gandeepan P, Koeller J, Korvorapun K, Mohr J, Ackermann L. Sichtbares Licht ermöglicht Ruthenium‐katalysierte
meta
‐C‐H‐Alkylierung bei Raumtemperatur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Julian Koeller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Korkit Korvorapun
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Jens Mohr
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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41
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Evano G, Theunissen C. Beyond Friedel and Crafts: Innate Alkylation of C−H Bonds in Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7558-7598. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
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42
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Zhao H, Jin J. Visible Light-Promoted Aliphatic C-H Arylation Using Selectfluor as a Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reagent. Org Lett 2019; 21:6179-6184. [PMID: 31120260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild, practical method for direct arylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds with heteroarenes has been achieved via photochemistry. Selectfluor is used as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent under visible light irradiation. A diverse range of chemical feedstocks, such as alkanes, ketones, esters, and ethers, and complex molecules readily undergo intermolecular C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation. Moreover, a broad array of heteroarenes, including pharmaceutically useful scaffolds, can be alkylated effectively by the protocol presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jian Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
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43
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Dong J, Wang Z, Wang X, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Metal-, Photocatalyst-, and Light-Free Minisci C–H Alkylation of N-Heteroarenes with Oxalates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7532-7540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Li Z, Wang X, Xia S, Jin J. Ligand-Accelerated Iron Photocatalysis Enabling Decarboxylative Alkylation of Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:4259-4265. [PMID: 31090423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild, practical protocol for the decarboxylative alkylation of heteroarenes has been accomplished via iron photocatalysis. A diverse range of carboxylic acids readily undergo oxidative decarboxylation and then couple with a broad array of heteroarenes in this transformation. The photoexcited state lifetimes of iron complexes are typically much shorter than those of iridium and ruthenium complexes. Here we describe our effort on iron photocatalysis by utilizing the intramolecular charge transfer pathway of iron-carboxylate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Siqi Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jian Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
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45
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Evano G, Theunissen C. Jenseits von Friedel und Crafts: immanente Alkylierung von C‐H‐Bindungen in Arenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brüssel Belgien
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie OrganiquesUniversité libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brüssel Belgien
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46
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Pitre SP, Muuronen M, Fishman DA, Overman LE. Tertiary Alcohols as Radical Precursors for the Introduction of Tertiary Substituents into Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P. Pitre
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Mikko Muuronen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Dmitry A. Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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47
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Liang XA, Niu L, Wang S, Liu J, Lei A. Visible-Light-Induced C(sp3)–H Oxidative Arylation with Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:2441-2444. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-An Liang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linbin Niu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
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48
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Sun AC, McAtee RC, McClain EJ, Stephenson CR. Advancements in Visible-Light-Enabled Radical C(sp)2-H Alkylation of (Hetero)arenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2019; 51:1063-1072. [PMID: 35782790 PMCID: PMC9245688 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Minisci reaction, which encompasses the radical C-H alkylation of heteroarenes, has undergone revolutionary development in recent years. The application of photoredox catalysis for alkyl radical generation has given rise to a multitude of methods that feature enhanced functional group tolerance, generality, and operational simplicity. The intent of this short review is to bring readers up to date on this rapidly expanding field. Specifically, we will highlight key examples of visible light-driven Minisci alkylation strategies that represent key advancements in this area of research. The scope and limitation of these transformations will be discussed, with a focus on examining the underlying pathways for alkyl radical generation. Our goal is to make this short review a stepping stone for further synthetic research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Sun
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rory C. McAtee
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Edward J. McClain
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R.J. Stephenson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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49
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Visible light-induced direct α C-H functionalization of alcohols. Nat Commun 2019; 10:467. [PMID: 30692540 PMCID: PMC6349847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the synthetic value of introducing active alcoholic hydroxyl group, developing C-H functionalization of alcohols is of significance. Herein, we present a photochemical method that under visible light irradiation, selectfluor can effectively promote the oxidative cross-coupling between alcohols and heteroarenes without the external photocatalysis, achieving the selective α sp3 C-H arylation of alcohol, even in the presence of ether. The N-F activation of selectfluor under blue LEDs irradiation is evidenced by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study, which is the key process for the oxidative activation of α sp3 C-H alcohols. The observed reactivity may have significant implications for chemical transformations.
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50
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Harper KC, Moschetta EG, Bordawekar SV, Wittenberger SJ. A Laser Driven Flow Chemistry Platform for Scaling Photochemical Reactions with Visible Light. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:109-115. [PMID: 30693330 PMCID: PMC6346387 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-promoted organic reactions can offer increased reactivity and selectivity via unique reaction pathways to address a multitude of practical synthetic problems, yet few practical solutions exist to employ these reactions for multikilogram production. We have developed a simple and versatile continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) equipped with a high-intensity laser to drive photochemical reactions at unprecedented rates in continuous flow, achieving kg/day throughput using a 100 mL reactor. Our approach to flow reactor design uses the Beer-Lambert law as a guideline to optimize catalyst concentration and reactor depth for maximum throughput. This laser CSTR platform coupled with the rationale for design can be applied to a breadth of photochemical reactions.
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